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cases into a truck all day, or win in close hand-to-hand combat against a man. Thus,
while there may be much that women can contribute to their national defense,
they should not participate in combat, as they do not have the strength for combat
duty.
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At this college, Homecoming week occurs (1) during/in the first week of October.
Events for alumni and current students are planned throughout the week, but most of the
events are usually (2) on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday and throughout the weekend.
(3) On Wednesday night (4) at 8:00 PM, a rally is held in the campus gymnasium. (5)
During the rally, each class presents a skit, and distinguished alumni speak. Thursday is
usually the day alumni arrive to take tours of campus and visit classes, but alumni should
be sure to arrive (6) by Friday morning to take part in the most interesting activities. All
classes (7) after 1:00 PM on Friday are cancelled for the Homecoming Parade. The
homecoming dance, where the Homecoming King and Queen will be crowned, is held (8)
in the evening. The dance doesn’t end (9) until several hours after midnight. Saturday is
devoted to the homecoming football game. (10) Before the game, alumni and students
have tailgating picnics around their cars and trucks outside the football stadium. The big
game starts exactly (11) at 2:00 PM.
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tires together and laid them across (11) the stream, making (12) Ø sturdy foundations for
(13) the beavers’ dams. It worked. (14) The beavers restored (15) the creek’s ecological
balance and saved its banks from erosion. (16) The dams slowed (17) the stream, and
nutrient-rich silt has settled behind them. (18) Ø Rye grass and (19) Ø willows are
coming back along (20) the banks, and spring flooding has been regulated; (21) the creek
now has been widened by about 50 feet. (22) The cost to (23) the federal government?
Less than $3,000.
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In order to be healthy, we all need a daily balanced diet. A balanced diet includes
eating some foods each day from each of the four major food groups, including dairy
foods, meats, vegetables and fruits, and breads and cereals. The first group, which is
dairy foods, obviously includes milk. Other dairy foods that are able to supplement milk
to fulfill our daily needs are cheese and ice cream. Although dairy foods are high in
animal fat, which is a substance to be avoided, they are widely available in low-fat forms
such as skim milk and ice milk. The second major group needed for good health is meats,
used by our bodies to provide protein. Meat can be obtained in a variety of ways,
including beef, pork, fowl, and fish. In recent years, we have been warned to avoid beef
and pork meats, and to concentrate on eating the leaner fish and fowl. Some people avoid
all or some of these meats for religious reasons or environmental reasons. These people
must obtain their protein in other ways.
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Whereas high school students are basically treated as children, college students are
treated as adults.
Different from high school students, college students are basically treated as adults.
6. Just as students had to study hard in high school, they have to study hard in college.
7. Just as students enjoyed going to high school football and basketball games, college
students enjoy going to college football and basketball games.
8. Just as students enjoyed talking with their classmates in high school, college students
enjoy talking with their classmates.
9. Although high school students have very little homework, they learn a lot during their
classes.
10. Even though there are many rules in high school, they are meant to protect the
students.
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qualities and present you in a favorable light. It and your résumé are your representatives
to the prospective employers on your list.
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A week before the interview, Kim became nervous (13) about making a bad
impression, so he asked his advisor (14) to give him some help. His advisor told him (15)
to make a list of possible questions and (16) to practice (17) answering them. He also
urged him (18) not to be afraid (19) of saying anything too controversial. Finally, his
advisor assured him that he was capable (20) of handling the job. Kim thanked his
advisor for his encouragement and agreed (21) to practice (22) answering some possible
questions.
As Kim waited in the outer office to meet the interviewer, however, all of this
good advice seemed (23) to fly out the window. For a brief moment, Kim considered (24)
escaping out the side door. The next thing he knew, he was sitting across the desk from
the interviewer trying (25) to remember all the answers he had planned (26) on giving (to
give). Although he had practiced and was used (27) to giving the right answers, at the
moment he could only stutter and stammer. To this day, he can only remember that the
interview was very short!
You can see that a person can be well qualified for a job but fail (28) to get it
because he or she is not accustomed (29) to performing in a job interview. Perhaps for
students like Kim, how to manage a job interview should be a required course in college.
The passive voice is used here when the writer wants to emphasize the building itself and
not the people who planned its location, constructed it, or who use it for offices.
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8. was changed
9. changed
10. are mailed
11. was built
12. is located
13. takes
14. indicates
15. is located
16. was given
17. means
18. named
“Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen, this is David Swenson reporting live
tonight from the press booth at the new sports arena in downtown Pleasantville. The
arena is filled to capacity tonight, and the fans are anxiously waiting for the game to
begin. As you know, the Pleasantville Bears are playing the Hope City Colts. There
appears to be a good deal of excitement in the arena tonight! Here they come! The
fans are cheering wildly! Yes, folks, this crowd loves its team. The game is about to
begin as the players assume their positions on the court for the tip-off. The referee
tosses the ball in the air, and Lawrence Jones, wearing jersey number twenty-two,
tips it to his teammate Tommy Evans. Evans races down the court and slips the ball
to Raoul Gomez. Gomez breaks through the defensive line, shoots, and he misses!
Robinson is there. He catches the rebound and lays that ball in. The crowd is going
wild! Pleasantville takes the lead. . . .”
After he finishes the practice broadcast, David plays it back on his recorder and
takes notes. Each time, he improves his performance.
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Preferring the simple present emphasizes the repetition of the dream each semester.
Choosing to use the present progressive more frequently makes the reader feel as though
the dream is happening right now and emphasizes the urgency that the narrator feels
during the dream.
At the end of each semester as final exams (1) approach (are approaching), I (2) have the
same scary dream. I (3) dream that I have forgotten to drop a class I have not attended
since the first week of school. I (4) rush (am rushing) to the administration building
where there (5) is always a long line. After nervously waiting in line, I (6) get up to the
window and (7) inquire (am inquiring) about dropping the class. The clerk always (8)
tells me that I (9) cannot drop the course because it (10) is too late. I then (11) realize that
I (12) have to take the final exam. In the next scene, I (13) am sitting in a room in a very
old library, which (14) smells like dusty books. There (15) are several other students who
(16) are waiting (wait) at tables all around me. Everyone (17) looks very serious. All of
the other students (18) are wearing (wear) formal clothes. Suddenly, I (19) realize that I
(20) am wearing my pajamas. Since I (21) feel (am feeling) embarrassed and humiliated,
I (22) try to conceal my pajamas by sliding down in my chair. As I (23) sit (am sitting)
there at the table, I (24) look (am looking) around for a way to escape, but it (25) is
impossible. I cannot do anything because the instructor (26) is starting (starts) to pass out
the exams. When I (27) get my exam and (28) read the questions, my heart suddenly (29)
sinks, for I (30) find that I (31) do not know any of the answers. In fact, I (32) do not
even recognize any of the material on the exam. Nevertheless, I (33) try (am trying) to
take the exam. Just as I (34) start (am starting) to write, the bell (35) rings. While the bell
(36) is ringing, I (37) cry out, “No, no! Please, I need more time!” Then I (38) wake up
and (39) realize that it is my alarm clock going off. I’m always (40) glad it is just a
dream!
It started out as a nice enough day. The weather was unusually warm for the
third week in November, so I was in a good mood when my mother dropped me off
at school. Everything went as usual that morning: the classes were boring, and
nothing exciting was happening. At noon, I went to the cafeteria for lunch. While I
was standing in line with my friends, I noticed that some of the other students were
excited about something. Then a girl in line asked me if I had heard that someone
had shot the president. I was surprised at this news; however, I figured that it was
probably just a minor wound. Suddenly, a voice came over the loudspeaker
announcing that the president was dead. There was a hush in the cafeteria. Students
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stopped eating. No one was moving; it was as if we were all frozen. That afternoon,
the teachers did not conduct the classes as usual; in fact, most of the teachers
allowed the students to express their feelings about what had happened. Even my old
stodgy English teacher did not conduct class as usual. She did not give us the exam
that she had planned for that day. After school, I went home. Fortunately, no one
was home, for I wanted to be alone. Finally, after three hours of containing my
emotions, I began to cry. I was still crying when my mother arrived home. She came
into my room, put her arms around me, and said, “This is a sad day for our country.”
Yes, November 22, 1963, was a sad day, a tragic day that was the beginning of a
long, difficult period in American history.
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EXERCISE 48 (Pages 348-349)
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century. His
theories have affected all of modern science. However, as a child, this great man (1) was
often considered dull and (2) was misunderstood by his teachers.
Albert Einstein (3) was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879. As a child, he
(4) was taciturn and slow in learning to talk. Very often, while other children (5) were
playing (played), he (6) was daydreaming (daydreamed) and (7) thinking (thought).
Although he (8) enjoyed learning, he (9) had problems in school. By the time
Einstein (10) was twelve, his family (11) had moved to a suburb of Munich, and he (12)
attended the Leopold Gymnasium there for two years. He did not enjoy learning Latin
and Greek grammar or mathematics at school because the standard methods of solving
problems (13) did not arouse his imagination. However, he (14) liked solving algebra
problems in his own way at home. Also, by the time he (15) was fifteen, he (16) had read
a number of books on natural science and (17) had developed an enthusiasm for it. Later
in 1895, when Albert (18) wanted a discharge from the gymnasium to join his parents,
who previously (19) had moved to Milan, his teacher (20) helped him get one, telling
Albert that he (21) had been a disruptive influence in the class.
His problems with school (22) followed him to Milan. In 1895, he (23) decided to
go to the famous Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland. However, because (24) he
had not received a gymnasium diploma from his school in Munich, the Institute (25)
refused to admit him. He (26) went to a gymnasium in Aarau to obtain his diploma.
After Einstein (27) received it, the Institute finally (28) admitted him at the age of
seventeen.
While Einstein (29) was studying at the Polytechnic Institute, he again (30)
clashed with the educational system. He often (31) cut classes to study more interesting
subjects on his own. This (32) angered his professors. By the time he (33) got his diploma
in 1900, he (34) had angered his theoretical physics professor so much that this professor
(35) prevented Albert from becoming an assistant at the Institute.
Finally, in 1910, Einstein (36) began to publish his revolutionary ideas.
Eventually, the whole world (37) recognized his genius.
Before I came to the United States to study, I was afraid. I heard from my
friends about widespread crime in the United States and about the unfriendliness of
Americans. Since my arrival here six months ago, I can say I have been pleasantly
surprised. I have not found crime everywhere, and, while not all Americans have
been friendly, many of them have been very kind. In fact, I have found this country
to be as safe and almost as friendly as the one I left. Let me give you an example.
One night two weeks ago, I had to walk back to the dorm from a friend's house. It
was quite late, and the streets were lonely and deserted. As I walked along, I saw a
man walking toward me. I said to myself, “Oh no, this is it.” But when the stranger
finally got close to me, he just said “hey, man” and kept walking. I realized then that
America is not as dangerous as I thought.
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Answer Key
1. Craig Wright asserts that music affects human beings both emotionally and
physically, yet we don’t really have a complete understanding of how or why music
has these effects on us (2).
Wright, Craig. Listening to Music. 5th ed. Boston: Schirmer. 2010. Print.
2. Charles S. Cockell argues that the larger an endangered organism, the more likely that
it will attract the attention of environmentalists (23+).
Cockell, Charles S. “Environmental Ethics and Size.” Ethics & the Environment 13: 1
(2008): 23+. Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural
Resources. Web (students should insert today’s date here in day month year
format).
3. According to the National Women’s Health Information Center, a person who wishes
to be an organ donor should sign a donor card and speak with family members about
this intention (n. pag.).
National Women's Health Information Center. “Organ Donation.” Medline. 19 Aug 2010.
Web (students should insert today’s date here in day month year format).
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