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a 2
Top planet focus focus θ = Displacement
4π 2 a3 C
Torque (t)is the product of the length of the lever B T2 = ω = final velocity
arm and the component of the force causing the GM t = time
a = semimajor axis α = acceleration
torque that is perpendicular to the lever arm.
1. Planets revolve the sun in elliptical
t = r F sin Ø orbits ω i = initial velocity
2. The segment joining the planet and
Side the Sun sweeps out equal areas in UNITS
equal radians
t
r
radians
Fsi n Ø
time intervals ω= α=
3. T2 is proportional to a3 s s2
M = mass of Sun Nm2
Side G = 6.67 x 10 -11 2 θ = radians t=s
axis
kg 1 rev = 2π radians
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION SIMPLE MACHINES
a=-max a=0 a=max P E =max P E= 0 P E= m a x f F
A A A A
x=-A x=0 x=A x=-A x =0 x=A
Hydraulic Press
1
SHM-Acc. (a) a =- k x SHM-PE PE = k x2 f F
m 2 =
a A
v=0 v = - m a x v=max v=0
T
F f
A A A A
x=-A x= 0 x=A
R r
x = -A x= 0 x=A
SHM-Velocity FR =f r
m k 2 2
SHM-Per. (T) T = 2 π v =
k m (A - x ) FORCE on a
Physics Cruncher ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7
BRAGG EQUATION IRRADIANCE
incident r a y
I = P
50 W a t t s
reflected rays
A
Ø Ø
d 5 m2
2d sin Ø plane o f atoms 10 W/ m 2
Irradiance is power per unit area.
Irradiance is also called radiant flux
density. The more power per unit
area the greater the irradiance.
50 W a t t s
1 m2
50 W /m 2
Size of Image
CONVEX LENSES Object Image Image Image Orientation
Case#
refracted rays Position Position Type Relative to Relative to
parallel intersection gives
image location on Object Size Object
object f
f principal Infinite
image
I Beyond 2Fʼ
At F Real Reduced Inverted
Finite Between
m = - di II Beyond 2Fʼ F & 2F
Real Reduced Inverted
do 1 1 1
+ = Same size
m = hi do di f Converging III At 2Fʼ At 2F Real
as object
Inverted
Lenses
ho Between
do is + if the object is in front of the lens
IV 2Fʼ & Fʼ
Beyond 2F Real Enlarged Inverted
do is - if the object is in back of the lens
di is + if the image is in back of the lens V At Fʼ No Image No Image No Image No Image
di is - if the image is in front of the lens
Between Same side
f is + for a converging lens VI Fʼ & O as object
Virtual Enlarged Erect
(sometimes called a convex or positive lens)
f is - for a diverging lens
Diverging Anywhere in Same side
(sometimes called a concave or negative lens)
Lenses
All Front as object
Virtual Reduced Erect
C F A Infinite Reduced to
I Beyond C
At F Real
a point at F
Inverted
Finite Between
II Beyond C C&F
Real Reduced Inverted
Same size
Concave III At C At C Real
as object
Inverted
CONVEX MIRRORS Mirrors
Between
IV C&F
Beyond C Real Enlarged Inverted
vx π’s r round
vy v 2v sinθ
o v x = vo cos ø T= o Conservation of Filth:
g
v y = vo sin ø
Inorder for something to
ø vx become clean, something else
X vo2 sin[2θ ] must become dirty.
vx is constant tup = tdown R=
g ∆L = k L ∆T T1 T2
a y = constant
vy = 0 at max height g = -32 ft/s2 g = -9.8 m/s2 L ∆L
Linear Ex pans io n
18
A=πr 2 r
13 14 15 16 17
C=πd Sph er e
C=2πr V = 4 πr 3
3
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
r
V = π r 2h
h
m
1N = 1kg
s2 A = 1/2bh
cm
1Dyne = 1g 2
s
-b ± b 2 - 4ac
x =
2a