ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge and extend our gratitude to all the
people who gave the researchers the possibility to complete our research paper. First
and foremost, the researchers would like to thank Mr. Sibayan for teaching us the
steps in making a research paper and also for guiding us on every step in finishing
this research paper.

The researchers would like also to acknowledge our parents for being
considerate and understanding while the researchers is doing this research. There
efforts to finish this research paper. The researchers would also like to give thanks
to the internet by letting us to use and access the computer.

But above all of this, the researchers would like to extend our most and
sincere gratitude to the Almighty God for making this whole research possible.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Inroduction
A) Background of the Study
B) Statement of the Problem
C) Significance of the Study
D) Definition of Terms
II. Laws and Types of Bullying
A) Laws of Bullying
B) Types of Bullying
III. Signs
A) Signs that you Child is being Bullied
1. Physical Signs
2.Emotional Signs
3.School-related Signs
4. Relationship Signs
B) Signs that a Child is Bullying Others
1.Physical Signs
2.Emotional Signs
3.School-related Signs
4.Relationship Signs
IV. Risk Factors
A) Family Risk Factors
B) Personality Risk Factors
C) Behavior Risk factors
V.
A) Summary
B) Conclusions
C) Recommendations
 La Union National High School
City of San Fernando
SY 2017-2018

The Effects of Bullying to Millennial

Presented to:
MR. FERDINAND V. SIBAYAN
Research Adviser

Presented by:
JHANA ORYX SINGSON
ARIANE CONCHE
LYKA MAE NICOLE SALTING
X-10 Lapu-Lapu

MARCH 2018
 Chapter I

Introduction

A. Background of the Study

Bullying has been a critical issue in schools for decades. Looking back to the
18th century peer-on-peer harassment was just a commonly seen at is today. Of
course, during that time bullying was newly recognized and little understood. What
may be seen as violent behavior today might not have been in that time. While
bullying in school remains a critical issue, throughout the years several events and
studies have taken place that have made a significant impact on bullying and have
expanded its meaning in many ways.

The term bullying has changed drastically over time, In the 18 th and 19th
centuries bullying was mainly viewed as physical or verbal harassment commonly
linked with “... death, strong isolation or extortion in school children...” Any type of
aggressive behavior was simply seen as mischief and a normal part of childhood. In
fact, according to Koo, bullying was thought of as an innocent “misbehavior” among
school boys. This type of bullying was clearly observed at King’s boarding. School in
the U.K , when a twelve year old boy was killed from bullying behaviors by his older
classmates. The school boys involved were not held accountable for his death
because the school viewed the behavior as a normal misadventure among the teens.
(Koo,2007)

The term bullying was not publicly recognized until a well-known newspaper
made a publication of this behavior. In 1862, after almost seventy-two years of
publications, the daily newspaper. The times wrote their first story on bullying when
they reported a soldier allegedly died due to bullying. The times were the first voice
the critical issues of bullying and the major consequences that can follow. This story
may have been shocking to many people because society then did not view the
behaviors that caused his death to be harmful. In that time, bullying was accepted
by many as normal behaviors. However, as bullying became more prevalent, it began
to draw more attention from researchers who wanted to know more about this new
phenomenon.

Historically, the most significant turning point for bullying took place in the
mind 1970’s. Dan Olweus, a research professor of psychology, was the first two
conduct an intensive study on bullying among students using his own systematic
researching methods. He created the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP),
which had significant results in reducing school bullying. Olweus’s effort
contributed greatly to the fight against bullying because it brought awareness,
initiated other professionals to conduct research, and vastly expanded the meaning
of bullying. Olweus’s efforts have made a great impact on school violence and helped
to bring safety back into schools.

B. Statement of the Problem

The study research paper entitled “The Effects of Bullying to Millennials”,
seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the different types and laws of bullying that every single human
should know?
2. What are the signs that you should notice to know if your child is a bully or a
victim?
3. What are the different risk factors for becoming a bully that we should know?
4. Where does bullying take place?
5. How common is bullying?

C. Significance of the Study

The study, “The effects of Bullying to Millennials” inspired the researchers to
help the following:

Students
- In this research, there are recommendations which they can follow if they are
experiencing bullying. They must be strong to face the bullies because if they not
going to do something about if they will be experiencing long-term effect especially
on their self-esteem.

Community
- They will have an idea to what extent the phenomenon has existed. If will help
them to understand and learn to manage bullying that occurs at school and
elsewhere. This can teach the parents that prevention begins at home.

D. Scope and Delimitation

This research study is focused on the Effects of Bullying to Millennial.

E. Definition of Terms

1. Bullying –use superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone) typically

to him or her to do what one wants.
2. Deterrent – a thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone
from doing something
3. Empathy – the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
4. Permissive – allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of
behavioral
5. Aggression – hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another, readiness
attack or confront
6. Relentless – oppressively constant, incessant
7. Ostracize – exclude (someone) from society or group
8. Profanities – Bias phemous or obscene language
9. Amplify – enlarge upon or add detail to a story or statement
10. Stereotypes – a widely held but fixed and over-simplified image or idea of
a type of person or thing
 Chapter II

Laws and Types of Bullying

A. Laws of Bullying
The question “what is law?” has troubled people for many years. An
entire field of study know as Jurisprudence (the study of law and legal philosophy) is
devoted to answering this question. Many definition of law exist. For our purposes,
however, law can be defined as the rules and regulations made and enforced by
government that regulate the conduct of people within a society here are some laws
of bullying:

 Republic Act No. 10627 (An act requiring all elementary and secondary
schools to adopt policies to prevent and address the acts of bullying in their
institutions)

Section 1. This act shall be known as the “Anti – Bullying Act of 2013”

Section 2. For purposes of this Act, “bullying” shall refer to any severe or repeated
use by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a
physical act or gesture, or any combination thereof, directed at another student that
has the effect of actually causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical
or emotional harm or damage to his property; creating a hostile environment at
school for the other student, infringing on the rights of the other students at school,
or materially and substantially disrupting the education process or the orderly
operation of a school.

Section 3. All elementary and secondary schools are hereby directed to adopt
policies to address the existence of bullying in their respective institutions.

Section 4. The school principal or other personnel shall be responsible for the
implementation and oversight of policies intended to address bullying.
Section 5. All schools shall inform their respective school division superintendents
in writing about the anti-bullying policies formulated within six months from the
effectivity of this Act. Such notification shall likewise be an administrative
requirement prior to the operations of new schools.

Section 6. In this rules and regulations to be implemented pursuant to this act, the
secretary of the DepEd shall prescribe the appropriate and administrative sanctions
on school administrators who shall to comply with the requirements under this Act.

Section 7. Within ninety days from the effectivity of this act, the DepEd shall
promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to implement the provisions of this
act.

Section 8. If, for any reason, any provision of this Act is declared to be
unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or provisions hereby which are not
affected thereby shall continue to be in full force on effect.

Section 9. All laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations or parts there of which are
inconsistent with a contrary to the provisions of this Act are hereby repeated,
amended or modified accordingly.

Section 10. This Act shall take effect fifteen days after its publication in at least two
national newspaper or general circulation.

B. Types of Bullying
When most people think of bullying, they imagine boys, punching,
kicking and hitting one another. But, physical bullying is just one type of bullying
that kids participate in here is an overview of the six most common types of bullying
found in schools.
1. Physical bullying – occurs most often at school, though it can also occur on
the way to and from school and after school. Middle school is the age when
 bullying is most common, with almost all middle school students being
affected directly or indirectly by bullying. It is the most obvious form of
bullying. Physical bullying is the easiest to identify. As a result, it is most
likely what people think of when they think of bullying. Additionally, it has
historically received more attention form schools that other more subtle forms
of bullying.
2. Verbal Bullying – when most people think of bullying, hey think of physical
bullying. However, bullying, the goal is still to degrade and demean the victim,
while making the aggressor look dominant and powerful. All bullying focuses
on creating a situations in which the victim is dominated by the aggressor.
And this can happen verbally as well as physically.
3. Relational aggression – is a form of bullying that is common among twins,
and especially among twin girls. The behavior describes an individual or a
group of individuals, who try to hurt a peer, or sacrifice another’s standing
within their peer groups. Girls who exhibit relational aggression are
sometimes referred to as means girls.
4. Cyber Bullying – is bullying that takes place using electronic technology.
Electronic technology includes devices and equipment such as cellphones,
computers and tables as well as communication tools including media sites,
text messages, chat, and websites. Example of cyberbullying include mean
text messages or emails, rumors sent by email or posted on socila networking
sites, and embarrassing pictures, videos, websites of fake profiles.
5. Sexual Bullying – consists of repeated, harmful and humiliating actions that
target a person sexually. Example include sexual name – calling, crude
comments, vulgar gestures, uninvited touching, sexual propositioning and
pornographic materials for instance, a bully might make a crude comment
about a girl’s appearance, attractiveness, sexual development or sexual
activity. In extreme cases, sexual bullying opens the door to sexual assault.
6. Prejudicial Bullying – is based on prejudicial tween and teens have toward
people of peoples of different races, religions or sexual orientation. This type of
bullying can encompass all the other types of bullying as well including
cyberbullying, verbal bullying, relational aggression, physical bullying and
sometimes even sexual bullying. Prejudicial bullying arises from misguided or
learned belief that certain groups of people deserve to be treated differently or
with less respect.
 Chapter III

Signs

A. Signs that your Child is being bullied

 Physical Signs
- Unexplained injuries such as bruises, cuts, scratches, sprains, or torn clothing;
- Unexplained loss or damage to personal belongings or money;
- Hunger/ thirst due to loss of lunch money;
- Pattern of frequent minors illness, headaches, and stomachaches not eating or
being obsessive about appearance;
- Obsession about cleanliness;
-speech impediments such as stuttering or stammering;
- asking for extra money or stealing money, sweets, food (to pay off a bully);
- Regressive behavior such as bedwetting; and artwork expressing inner turmoil.
 Emotional Signs
- avoiding friends and/ or other children;
- Uncharacteristic outbursts of anger of bullying of siblings;
- becoming clingy and seeking attention;
- Refusal to discuss the problem and lying to parents;
- Changes in sleep or eating patterns;
- marked changes in attitude, dress or habits;
- becoming withdraw or moody;
- dropping usual hobbies or interests;
- Loss of confidence, self-esteem and excessive sensitivity to criticize;
- Excessive tearfulness or crying to sleep;
- wanting to be alone; and
- Implied or overt threats of suicide.
 School – related Signs
- Unwillingness or refusal to go to school or avoiding particular days or lessons;
- coming home from school in a bad mood and refusing to say why;
- Feeling relieved at the end of the school week and during school holidays;
- Fear of walking to or from school and crying before/ after school;
- requesting drives to school or supervision from parents;
- changing the route to school and avoiding regular times of traveling to and from
school;
- staying extra close to teachers;
- lingering behind in school after classes are over;
- Punctuality problems;
- Deterioration in schoolwork, loss of concentration, and interest in school;
- visiting the school nurse often complaining of illness and wanting parents to come
to often them;
- reduced number of friends visiting, phoning and fewer invitations to social events;
- being excluded to participate in previously enjoyed social activities; and
- Out-of-character comments about students or teachers and behavior in class;
- Disrespectful attitude towards others including the elderly;
- Unwilling to share or include others;
- Cruelty to animals; and
- Lack of genuine friendships or having one;s base on fear.
 School – related Signs
- engage in disruptive behavior at school;
-request from other pupils to be moved away from a child in a class.
 Relationship Signs
- Parents may be over protective;
- Siblings may bully child at home;
- Lonely and isolated at school;
- Few friends at school or in neighborhood;
- Teachers may be unaware of child’s strengths and challenges and therefore
unresponsive to needs; and
- Few opportunities in shine and show talents at home, school or in the community.

B. Signs that a Child is Bullying

 Physical Signs
- showing aggressiveness towards other children parents and teachers;
- Evidence that they have been involved in a fight or picking on weaker students;
- displaying deliberately robust behavior such as extremely hard tackling in sports,
tripping people or causing injuries;
- being involved Om vandalism, anti-social behavior or being in trouble with the
police;
- belonging to an aggressive going and spending little time at home; and
- having money or possesionals the can’t account for
 Emotional Signs
- Short temper and violent outbursts;
- over-reacting to criticism and a tendency to behavior others are hostile towards
them;
- enjoying the suffering of others and needing to dominate;
 School-related Signs
- teasing other children over and over again;
- ignoring other children or leaving them out of activities;
- hitting and pushing;
- taking personal belongings
 Relationship Signs
- talk with your child;
- encourage empathy for others
- review consequences of bullying behavior
- reinforce respectful behaviors at home
- help your child with dealing the feelings in positive ways
- contact the school for help
 Signs that may point to a Bullying Problem
- Difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares
- declining grades, loss of interest in school work
- Feelings of helplessness or decrease self-esteem
- Self-destructive behaviors such as running away from home harming themselves
or talking about suicide
 Chapter IV

Risk Factors for Becoming a Bully

Bullies come in all shapes and sizes. As a result, there is no single cause
of bullying. Instead, a host of factors place children at risk for bullying their peers.
Sometimes temperament, size and self-esteem play a role. Other times, family
background increases the likelihood of bullying. Still other times, kids resort to
bullying because they are bullied themselves. Here is a list of the most common
factors that influence bullying.

A. Family Risk Factors

1. Witnessing or experiencing abuse – children from abusive homes are most
likely to bully than other children because aggression, violence and
manipulation are modeled for them. Every day, children are beaten severely,
burned, sexually assaulted, or to strangled by their parents. Many of these
children become psychologically and emotionally damaged for life,
2. Having permissive parents – when parents don’t establish rules for their
children or provide adequate supervision, their children often resort to
bullying. What’s more, permissive parents are less likely to institute
consequences or attempt to stop the bullying. Anita Gurion, Ph.D., a clinical
assistant professor of child and adolescent psychiatry explains on the NYU
child study center website that permissive parents are accepting and warm,
but exert little control over their children. Permissive parents typically don’t
set rules or expectations and in turn, allow their kids to get away with bad
behavior. Unlike authoritarian parents, who effectively balance nurture and
appropriate discipline, permissive parents tend to give in to their kids
demands. If they’re made aware of their child’s bullying behavior, rather than
address it with appropriate discipline consequences they might simply like a
child’s bullying behavior under the “Kids will be kids” school of thought.
According to Dr. Markham, clinical psychologist, author and creator of
 anaparenting.com, permissive parents allow their children to regulate
themselves, often times with destructive results.

B. Personality Risk Factors

1. Exhibiting low self-esteem – kids with low self- esteem are prone to bullying
because it’s give them a sense of power and control, which is something they
find lacking in their own life. They may also brag about their exploits and
abilities in order to cover for a low sense of self-worth. Self-esteem is described
as the evaluation that one makes about oneself, based on one’s self-worth in a
simple terms, it is how one judges oneself. Whether one has a high or a low
self-esteem is based on the experiences that one goes through during their
childhood. The self-confident has much inner strength makes it possible to
control one’s emotions and prevent outbursts of temper. On the other hand,
people who lack self-confidence and who have low self-esteem are likely to give
way under pressure.
2. Relating to others negatively – bully-prone kids often make negative
comments about a person’s appearance, intelligence or abilities. They may
also be intolerant of other races, cultures or lifestyles. But as psychologist or
Jeffrey Gardere pants out, if you do not know someone well and do not
understand what their sensitive are, you must extremely careful that you are
not crossing the line from being helpful to being a bully.
3. Craving Power – children who always want to be in charge are also prone to
bullying. They only work with others then it’s on their terms. If things don’t go
their way, then they resort to bullying. Above all, bullies crave power and
control, and this craving underlies much of what they do, say and fail to do
and say. Bullies use charm and deceit to further their own ends and seem
oblivious to the trail of damage they leave behind, as long as their appetites
for power and control are fulfilled.
4. Showing Little Empathy - children who have not learned to be empathetic
may also resort to bullying. They are either unable or unwilling to understand
how a person might feel when cruel things are said or done. They also blame
the victim in some way. For example, a child might say, “He needs to learn to
 take a joke”, instead of acknowledging the victim’s pain. There are a range of
explanations as to why someone may end up physically or verbally attacking
or putting down his or her peers, but one thing is agreed upon by researchers
“Children and teenagers who bully others exhibit a lack of appropriate
concern for the other commonly considered a lack of affective empathetic
concern” (Borgwald and Theixos, 2013). Some are more effective than others.
In a recent article published in social influence, the authors argue that the
federally instituted “zero tolerance policies”, which involve systematic
punishments and expulsions to deal with bullying are “in effective,
counterproductive and unjust” (Borgwald and Theixos, 2013)
5. Exhibiting a Low Tolerance for Frustration – when a situation doesn’t turn
out as expected, this can caused frustration subsides. But for some children,
not getting what they want feels unhearable. As a result, they bully others to
force the desired outcome.

C. Behavior Risk Factors

1. Acting with Aggression – aggressive children often have poor impulse control
and a quick temper. Rather than using reasoning, they resort to coercion and
dominance. They also may hit and kick instead of using words. The parents
serve as the child’s personal model. Children learn that when things go wrong,
they can get results by being harsh and aggressive.
2. Using Physical Strength to Intimidate - children who use their size and
their strength to get what they want often resort to bullying. They control
situations by making other children feel weak or powerless.
3. Excluding other Children – every child wants to have close friends. But
bully-prone children may try to isolate people. Not only do they refuse to let
another person participate, but they encourage kids to ignore the person as
well.
4. Getting Harassed by others – bully victims are more common than you
might think. In fact, a large number of bullies have also been victimized
themselves. Bullying is a way for them to retaliate for the pain they experience
other times, bully victims come from homes filled with domestic violence. Or
they may suffer abuse at the hands of an older siblings. In this case, bullying
is a learned behavior. These children are referred to as bully victims and
suffer from the same characteristics as a victim. But to compensate for their
painful feelings, they often bully other children.
 Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

A. Summary
Bullying is a form of abuse. It involves repeated or person’s power over
another group or person, thus an “imbalance of Power”. Bullying consists the three
basic types of abuse: emotional, verbal, and physical. It typically involves subtle
methods of coercion such as psychological manipulation. Bullying can be defined in
many different ways. Bullying in school and in the workplace is also referred to as
peer abuse. Bullying can occur in any context in which human beings interact with
each other. This includes school, church, family, the workplace, home and
neighborhoods. It is even a common factoring migration. Bullying can exist between
social groups, social classes, and even between countries. Bullying is characterized
by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. The
effects of bullying can be serious and even fatal. Victims of bullying can suffer from
long term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause loneliness,
depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem, and increased susceptibility to illness.

B. Conclusion
Bullying is a serious problem that can dramatically affect the ability of
students to progress academically and socially. A comprehensive intervention plan
that involves all students, parents and school staff is required to ensure that all
students can learn in a safe and fear-free environment. Bullying topic is very
complicated to solve. It must be treated with a firm and pedagogical discipline, with
some rules that everybody must follow. If is necessary to the bully, because he/ she
must understand that violence isn’t a solution, the objective is that he/ she is sorry
for his/ her actions and doesn’t have it happen/ do it again.
C. Recommendations
 We recommend that bullying is a complex and abusive behavior with
potentially serious social and mental health consequences for children and
adolescents.
 We must advocate for federal support of research to develop and test programs
to prevent bullying.
 We can urge physicians to be vigilant for signs and symptoms of bullying and
screen for psychiatric morbidities in at risk patient.
 We should urge parents and other caretakers of children and adolescents to
be activities and teach children how to interact socially, resolve conflicts, deal
with frustration and cope with anger and stress.
 Bibliography

Mckenna,P.(2008,May) The rise of cyberbullying.

Readers Digest, (1(542) 115-119

Penares, J.P. (2013, September 19) New law punishes bullying. Manila
standard Today, 27 (185) A2.

Leaveworth, C. (1982). Family living. Reasons for family violence. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey:Pretice Hall Incorporation.

McCoy, E. (1993, February). Help your child handle bullies.

Reader’s Digest, 60 (359) 115-118

Ching,L.L(2001,November). When your child hates school.

Reader’s Digest, 78(464)45

Sifferlin,A.(2013, June 17). Bullying in the Family

Retrieved December 6, 2016 from Time Magazine
official site website; http://health.time.com/
2013/06/17 bullying-in-the-family

Perry,D.(2012,March27).A New Bullying: Social

Exclusion.Retrived December 6, 2016 form Michigan
State University official site website: http;//news.jrn.msu.edu/bullying/
2012/03/27/a-new-bullying-social exclusion.
Williams,R(2011,May3).The Silent epimedic workplace
Bullying. Retrieved December 6, 2016 from psychology today.com official site
website: http//www.psychology today.com/blog/wired-success/2011/05/03/the-
silent-epidemic-workplace-bullying.

Williams,e.C.(2010).Bully and victim characteristics.

Retrieved December 6, 2016 from bullyproject.com official
site website;http;//bullyingproject.com/bullies-and-victims.

K00,H.(2007). A time line of the evolution of the School-related

bullying in differing social Context. Retrieved December 6, 2016
from Tamielti blog Site website;http://webspace,
utexas.edu/lab3346/School%20 bullying.K00 2007/
Koreabullying in history 2007.pdf.

https://www.stopbullying.gov./at-risk/warning-signs/index.html
https;//www.verywell.com/types-of-bullying-parents-should-know-about-4153882
https://www.verywell.com/what-are-the-risk-factors-for-becoming—bullying-460518