Job Production

Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Examples

-Involves producing a -Work is generally of -Higher cost of -Making railings for a
one-off product for a a high quality production specific house
specific customer -A high level of -Requires the use of -Making flower
-Often associated with customization can be specialist labour arrangements for a
small firms but is also used to meet the -Slow compared to specific wedding
used in large firms customer’s exact other methods -Building a new
requirements factory
-Significant flexibility
is possible, especially
when compared to
mass production
-Workers can be
easily motivated due
to the skilled nature of
work they are
performing
 Batch Production

Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Examples

-Is the technique of -It can reduce capital -Equipment must be Used in bakeries,
creating a group of outlay because a stopped, reconfigured Manufacture of sports
components at a single production line and tested before the shoes, pharmaceutical
workstation before can be used to next batch can be ingredients, inks,
moving the group to produce several produced paints and adhesives
the next step in products
production -Can be useful to
small businesses who
cannot afford to run a
continuous production
line
-If a retailer buys a
batch that does not
sell then the produces
can cease production
without sustaining
huge losses
-useful when making
seasonal items
 Flow Production

Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Examples

-Involves a -It is capital intensive -Because there is so -Used in car
continuous movement -production continues much machinery it is manufacturing
of items through the throughout the day difficult to alter the
production process and night to produce production process
(when one task is more goods with low -Production is
finished, the next task labour costs inflexible
must start -Firms benefit from -Products are
immediately) economies of scale standardized and
-Uses production lines -There is a lower cost cannot be altered to
per unit meet the specific
needs of a customer
 Continuous Production

Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages Examples

-Used to manufacture, -No time is wasted in -If there is a problem -Used in oil and gas
produce or process production with the machinery in industries and
materials without -More goods are one stage of petrochemical plan,
interruption manufactured in less production, the whole process manufacturing
-Production line runs time production line must and other industries
24hours a day 365 be stopped until the
days a year problem is fixed
-Quality control at
every stage of
production. Sampling
takes place at
different stages of
production.