Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
It seems probable that coal will regain its importance as a source of energy and chemicals
in light of dwindling petroleum resources and rising prices of natural gas and oil (particularly in
China and the eventually in the U.S). Coal’s exploitable resources have a potential to quench
mankind's thirst for energy (and chemicals) at the current rate five times longer than gas
resources. Proven recoverable coal reserves of about 990 billion metric tons offer a
tremendous source of energy and chemicals for North America, Russia, China, Australia,
India, Germany, and South Africa, each with more than 50 billion metric tons of coal reserves.
The challenge is how to harness this enormous amount of coal resource, which constitutes
about 22% of world energy demand, most economically without unduly impairing the
environment.
Efforts are on-going to improve the techniques for harnessing coal energy. Several design
and operational improvements and innovations are reported to have taken place in commercial
gasification technology. In particular, Shell has made significant recent progress in developing
commercial third generation of gasification technology to produce syngas from coal for
conversion to both ammonia and methanol.
In this report we review entrained bed coal gasification technology using the Shell Coal
Gasification Process (SCGP), integrated with the ICI/Synetix Low Pressure Methanol (LPM)
process for the production of 5,000 MTPD of chemical grade methanol. Economics are then
compared with the economics of producing 5000 metric tons per day of methanol from a
natural gas in the U.S. Gulf Coast.
by VICTOR WAN
and
RONALD SMITH
December 2006
For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI
Consulting programs specializing in marketing research. THE CHEMICAL ECONOMICS
HANDBOOK Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced in the
United States and the WORLD PETROCHEMICALS PROGRAM covers major hydrocarbons and
their derivatives on a worldwide basis. In addition the SRIC DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL
PRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, product, and
plant for the United States, Western Europe, Canada, and East Asia, South America and Mexico.
CONTENTS
PATENT SUMMARY, DESIGN & COST BASES, AND CITED REFERENCES ....... 2-10
Section 400-Shift Conversion, Gas Cooling and Mercury Removal .......................... 4-17
Methanol Synthesis Catalyst Deactivation and Gas Cleanliness Requirements ....... 5-9
Sintering................................................................................................................ 5-9
Sulfur .................................................................................................................... 5-9
Chlorine ................................................................................................................ 5-10
2.1 Methanol From Coal and Natural Gas Product Values Vs. Capacity.................... 2-12
4.2 Simplified Flow Diagram – Coal Gasification Unit at Kingsport ............................ 4-6
5.14 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI/Synetix Two Stage Reforming
LMC Process
Steam Balance Diagram........................................................................................ 5-41
5.15 Methanol From Natural Gas by ICI Two-Stage Reforming LMC Process
Process Flow Diagram .......................................................................................... E-7
5.16 Methanol Product Value Vs. Capacity – Sensitivity to Natural Gas Price by the
ICI Two-Stage Reforming LMC Process ............................................................... 5-49
4.2 Methanol From Coal by the SCGP and ICI/Synetix LPM Process
Design Bases and Assumption ............................................................................. 4-22
5.3 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI Two-Stage Reforming LCM Process
Design Basis and Assumptions............................................................................. 5-32
5.4 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI Two-Stage Reforming LCM Process
Stream Flows......................................................................................................... 5-33
5.5 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI/Synetix Two Stage Reforming
LMC Process
Major Equipment ................................................................................................... 5-39
5.6 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI Two-Stage Reforming LMC Process
Total Capital Investment........................................................................................ 5-45
5.7 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI Two-Stage Reforming LMC Process
Capital Investment by Section ............................................................................... 5-46
5.8 Methanol From Natural Gas by the ICI Two-Stage Reforming LMC Process
Production Costs ................................................................................................... 5-47