Quiazon, Nowelyn Rose C.

PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
12-Saturn 01/25/2018
ASSIGNMENT #1
1. ALBERT EINSTEIN
Published a paper on the particulate nature Published a paper, which has become known as

of light, in which he explained the the Special Theory of Relativity, on the

“photoelectric effect and certain other electrodynamics of moving bodies, which

experimental results by proposing showed that the speed of light is independent

that light interacts with matter as discrete of the observer's state of motion, and

“packets” or quanta of energy, rather than as introduced the idea that the space-time frame

a wave (an idea first suggested by Max of a moving body could slow down

Planck as a purely mathematical and contract in the direction of motion

manipulation). relative to the frame of the observer.

Published a paper explaining Brownian motion Published a paper on mass-energy equivalence,

(the seemingly random movement of particles in which he deduced the famous

suspended in a fluid) as direct evidence of equation E = mc2 from his special

molecular action, thus supporting the atomic relativity equations, suggesting that tiny

theory (that all matter is made up of amounts of mass could be converted into huge

tiny atoms and molecules). amounts of energy (which presaged the later

development of nuclear power).

Reference: http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_einstein.html

2. JOSEPH JOHN THOMPSON

He discovered the electron by experimenting Proposed a model of the atom which he

with a Crookes, or cathode ray tube. He likened to plum pudding. The negative

demonstrated that cathode rays were electrons represented the raisins in the

negatively charged. pudding and the dough contained the positive

charge. Thomson's model of the atom did

In addition, he also studied positively charged explain some of the electrical properties of the

particles in neon gas. Thomson realized that atom due to the electrons, but failed to

the accepted model of an atom did not recognize the positive charges in the atom as

account for negatively or positively charged particles.

particles.
 REFERENCE: http://www.abcte.org/files/previews/chemistry/s1_p3.html

3. MICHAEL FARADAY
He made one of the most significant discoveries that led to the idea that atoms had an electrical component.

Faraday placed two opposite electrodes in a solution of water containing a dissolved compound. He observed

that one of the elements of the dissolved compound accumulated on one electrode, and the other element

was deposited on the opposite electrode. It was clear to Faraday that electrical forces were responsible for the

joining of atoms in compounds.

REFERENCE: http://www.abcte.org/files/previews/chemistry/s1_p3.html

4. NIELS BOHR
He proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom Electrons should move around the nucleus but

based on quantum theory that energy is only in prescribed orbits. When jumping from

transferred only in certain well defined one orbit to another with lower energy, a light

quantities. quantum is emitted. Bohr's theory could

explain why atoms emitted light in fixed

wavelengths.

REFERENCE: https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-facts.html

5. JAMES CHADWICK
He discovered the Neutron in atoms. Neutrons are located in the center of an atom, in the nucleus along

with the protons. They have neither a positive nor negative charge, but contribute the atomic weight with

the same effect as a proton. Chadwick discovered this subatomic particle by using a neutron chamber in his

experiments

REFERENCE: https://socratic.org/questions/how-did-james-chadwick-contribute-to-the-atomic-theory

THE 2 RADIATION DISCOVERED BY ERNEST RUTHERFORD

1. ALPHA RADIATION 2.BETA RADIATION
Alpha radiation is consisting of A beta radiation is a high-energy, high-

two protons and two neutrons bound together speed electron or positron emitted in

into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus,

They are generally produced in the process such as a potassium-40 nucleus, in the process

of alpha decay. The symbol for the alpha of beta decay. Two forms of beta decay,

particle is α. If the ion gains electrons from its β− and β+, respectively produce electrons and

environment, the alpha particle becomes a positrons. Beta particles are a type of ionizing

normal (electrically neutral) helium atom 4 radiation.

2He.
Reference: https://www.chemteam.info..html