Electric Arc Welding

SM AW TIG

Shielded- met al ar c welding

Gas- t ungst en ar c welding
M IG

Gas- met al ar c welding Submer ged ar c welding SAW

Las elektr oda terbu ngku s
(Coated-electrode welding - SMAW)
Las bu su r r en dam
(Submerged Arc Welding - SAW)
Las listr ik ter ak
(Electro-Slag Welding - ESW)
Las logam gas m ulia (MIG )
(Gas-shielded Metal Arc Welding - GMAW)
Las tu n gsten gas m ulia (TIG )
(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding - GTAW)
Las bu su r plasma (PAW )
(Plasma Arc Welding)
Las elektr oda k ontin yu
(continuous-electrode welding - FCAW)
 Generation of Arc

Electrode Elect rode

Shor t-
t- cir cuited

Sep ar ation
Arc

Gener ati o n o f arc

1801: Discovery by H. Davy (UK)

【 Arcs in daily experience 】

◎ Spark bet ween t rain’s pantograph & power line.
◎ Spark bet ween plug & wall socket.
 PLASMA

Temperature of the arc

Ele ctrom a gn e tic p in ch e ffe ct & p la sm a je t
Advantages

Disadvantages (Limitation)

Materials AWS Specification Examples

Tensile Str ength
Smal l er Wel d i ng Cur ren t Hi g h er Wel di ng Cur ren t
 Fo r
L EADING
ANGL E

Fo r
TRAIL ING
ANGL E
 Pi p i n g Pro d ucti on

Sh i p B u i l d in g

Source: O’Brien, R. L., ed. Welding Handbook, 8th ed., Vol 2, American Welding Society, Miami, 1991, pg 194, Fig. 6.3
Source: Lindberg, Roy A. , P rocesses and Materialsof Manufacture 4th Ed, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1990 pg. 665,
Fig. 15-34 (Courtesy of Welding Design and Fabrication)

high current density, high deposition rates (up to 10 times those

for MMA), high productiv ity
deep penetration allow ing the use of small w elding groov es
fast trav el speed, less distortion
deslagging is easier
uniform bead appearance w ith good surface finish and good
fatigue properties
can be easily performed mechanised, giv ing a higher duty cycle
and low skill lev el required
prov ide consistent quality w hen performed automatic or
mechanised
Virtually assured radiographically sound w elds
arc is not v isible
little smoke/fumes are dev eloped
 limited mainly betw een flat and horizontal positions
limited to carbon, low alloy, creep resisting, stainless steels and
nickel alloys
due to the high heat input, impact strength of w eld metal/HAZ
may be low ; also high dilution
slag must be cleared aw ay after w elding due to the danger of
slag inclusions
need flux storage, handling and recirculation control
difficult to apply on-
on -site due to complicated equipment
high capital costs
w eld line must be regular (straight or circumferential seams only)
w ith accurate fit-
fit-up

ESW:
ESW:

Advantages

Disadvantages (Limitation)
Using a w ire feeder system to control w elding current
Pow er supply of GMAW used is constant-v oltage (DCCV) type.
Often used a DCRP (DCEP) to giv e a deep penetration of w eld.
Short Arc Spray Arc
Pulsed Arc Rotary Arc
Advantages

Disadvantages (Limitation)
Advantages

Disadvantages (Limitation)
Color Code
GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WEL DING - GTAW
Characteristic of PAW:
Typ e o f Arc:
No n -tr ansferr ed o r fo r ced arc
Tran sferr ed arc

Ad van tag es:

Di sadvan tag es:

 Torch Head of PAW

Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)

Thickness Plasma
(mm) cm/min
Max plat e t hick ness of CS, SS ≤ 8
m m & f or Ti ≤ 10 m m .
Source: Lindberg, Roy A. , P rocesses and Materialsof Manufacture 4th Ed, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1990 pg. 653,
Fig. 15-21(a) (Courtesy of ArcosCorporation)
Adv antages :
Deposition rate is higher than SMAW & GMAW (MIG)
Can be w elded in all position.
More economic and efficient than MIG

Disadv antages :
Slag must be clean in every pass
Smoke & UV radiation problem
Slag Inclusion may be occured