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3rd Grade
3rd RGrade
eading and& LLanguage
Reading anguage ArtsEnd Year
CRCTofStudy Review
Guide
Nouns Nouns Abbreviations
Nouns are a person, place, thing, or An abbreviation is a short way to
Possessive Nouns
idea Possessive nouns tell who or what write a word. Use a period after
something belongs to. most abbreviations.
Common/Proper
Nouns are always Common *Remember to begin abbreviations
Singular possessive noun: shows for proper nouns with capital letters!
(unspecific) or Proper (Specific) ownership by one person or thing, Ex: Monday-Mon.
*Proper nouns always begin with a Add an apostrophe (‘) and an s to a Oak Road - Oak Rd.
capital letter! singular noun to show ownership. August - Aug.
Ex: Mrs. Carbaugh, Georgia, Ex: We saw George’s eggs in the nest. Mister - Mr.
Monday, County Line Elementary Pleasant Street - Pleasant St.
Plural Possessive noun: shows
School, Jacob ownership by more than one person or
Common Nouns: boy, girl, teacher, thing. Commas
cat, dog To show ownership, add only an A comma (,) separates parts of a
apostrophe (‘) ti a plural noun that sentence and helps make the
Singular/Plural
Singular Nouns name one person, ends in s. meaning clear.
place, thing, or animal Ex: These kites’ tails are made of
- 3 or more words listed together are
rags.
Plural Nouns name more than one called a series. In a series of 3 or
person, place, thing, or animal. Pronouns more similar words, put a comma
*Add –s or –es to make most nouns A word that takes the place of a noun. after each item except the last one.
plural. For nouns that end in a The last comma should be before
Singular/Plural and or or.
consonant and y, change y to I and Singular Pronoun takes the place of a
add –es. singular noun. Ex: Mountains, valleys, and islands
* Some nouns change their spelling *Remember to always capitalize the are three natural landforms on
in the plural form and some nouns pronoun I. Earth’s surface.
have the same spelling. Ex: I, me, he, she, him, her, and it. - *Remember we use commas in
Ex: child, children
Plural Pronoun takes the place of a letters, dates, and addresses! We
deer, deer
plural noun. also use commas to help separate
Irregular Plural Nouns are nouns Ex: we, us, you, they, and them. parts of a sentence.
that have the same spelling in
Possessive Pronoun Ex: I like birds, but I hope to find
singular and the plural forms.
A possessive pronoun shows some neat insects on my hike.
Abstract/Concrete ownership. It takes the place of a
Abstract Noun: “Untouchable” possessive noun. Conjunctions
Nouns – you CANNOT use your Ex: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
five senses to identify these nouns! Deer make their home in the forest. Subordinate Conjunctions
*They can identify feelings, (used to join complex sentences)
*The noun or pronoun that a after, although, as, as if, as long as,
concepts, experiences, ideas, and possessive pronoun refers to is called
qualities. as soon as, because, before, even if,
its antecedent. The word Deer in the even though, if, since, so that,
Ex: beauty, love, friendship, above sentence is an antecedent.
courage though, unless, when whenever,
(Their is the possessive pronoun.) wherever, whether, while
Concrete Noun: “touchable” nouns
– you CAN use your five senses to Pronoun-Antecedent Coordinate Conjunctions
identify these nouns! The antecedent of a pronoun is the (used to join compound sentences)
Ex: house, book, table, phone noun or nouns the pronoun replaces. **FANBOYS
Ex: The stars were bright, and they For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
were far away.
(Stars is the antecedent of they.)
 Quotation Marks
Direct Quotation: Someone’s
exact words are called a direct
quotation. We use quotation marks
(“ “) to show the exact words of a
speaker.
Ex: “It’s hot in here,” said Marsha.
*Remember to use a comma to
separate a speaker’s words from the
other words in a sentence.
Capitalize the first word of a
quotation.
Titles
*Remember to underline the titles
of books, magazines, and
newspapers.
*Place quotation marks around the
titles of stories, poems, magazine
articles, newspaper articles, and
songs!
*Capitalize the first word, last
word, and every important word in
a title.
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that describes,
or tells about, a verb.
(Some adverbs tell how something
happens.)
*Modifies Adjectives, Verbs, &
Adverbs and Answers: How?
When? Where? To What Extent?
**Usually ends in (-ly)
Ex: really, extremely, quietly,
carefully, nervously, quite, too,
well.
Ex: The gym teacher said I ran
fast.
Firefighters and police officers
work hard for you.
The storyteller closed the book
gently.
Verbs
A verb is the main word in the
predicate of a sentence.
*Remember, a subject and its verb
must always agree in number.
Action Verb: A word that tells what
the subject of a sentence does.
Ex: Joel enjoys his bath.
The Verb Be: Forms of the verb be
link the subject to a word or words in
the predicate.
Ex: Julia is strong.
Singular: I am, you are, he is, she is, it
is
Plural: we are, you are, they are
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
A main verb is the most important
verb in the predicate. A helping verb
can work with the main verb to tell
about the action.
Ex: They are teaching Kimi Japanese
ways. (are is the helping verb
teaching is the main verb)
Past, Present, and Future Tense
Past-Tense Verbs: shows that an
action happened earlier. (voted,
helped, played)
Present-Tense Verbs: show action
that is happening now. (finds, asks,
plays)
Future –Tense Verbs: shows that an
action will happen later. (will vote,
will play, will ask)
Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that
tells a complete thought. One part of a
sentence tells who or what the
sentence is about. This is the subject.
The other part of the sentence tells
what the subject is or does. This part adjectives. Use a before singular
is called the predicate.
Simple Sentence a sentence with one
complete thought.
Compound Sentences are two or
more simple sentences combined to
make a complete thought.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes
a noun.
*Modifies the Nouns and Pronouns
and Answers: What Kind? How
Many? Which Ones?
Ex: beautiful, glossy, unpredictable,
nervous, lovely, rough, star-like,
green, seven, several
Sentence Types
Simple Sentence
One independent thought or idea.
Compound Sentence
2 independent sentences joined by a
semi-colon or a comma AND
coordinate conjunction
Complex Sentence
One independent clause and one
dependent clause. The subordinate
conjunction always begins the
dependent clause.
4 Kinds of Sentences
Declarative-Makes a statement
Ex: The musical begins at 9:00.
Interrogative-Asks a question
Ex: Does the musical begin at 9:00?
Imperative-Gives a command
Ex: Start the musical at 9:00.
Exclamatory-Shows
EXPRESSION!
Ex: Wow! That was the best
musical!
Articles
The words a, an, and the are
articles.
Articles are a special group of
nouns and adjectives that begin with
a consonant sound.
Ex: A farmer, An orchard, The town
 Subject/Predicate
Subject: Tells Who/What the
sentence is about - (Contains the
main noun)
Predicate: Tells what happened
(Contains the Verb)
*95% of the time, the predicate will
begin with the verb!
Ex: Tom studied diligently for his
test.
Complete Subject/Complete
Predicate
The complete subject of a sentence
includes the simple subject and all
the other words in the subject that
describes it.
Ex: My friend Jared loves music.
The complete predicate of a
sentence is all the words that tell
what the subject of the sentence is
or does.
Ex: A building has many parts.
* Don’t Forget*
Antonym
A word that means the opposite.
Ex: good, bad
Synonym
A word that means the same.
Ex: good, excellent
Homograph
Two words that are spelled the
same but have different meanings.
Ex: Bat(baseball bat, bat-animal)
Homophones
Homophones are words that sound
the same, but have different
meanings. Usually they are spelled
differently, but they can also be
spelled the same. An easy way to
remember this is to remember that
you listen and speak when you are
on a “phone”.
Combining Sentences
Compound Subjects
Sentences with compound subjects
have two or more subjects that share
the same predicate. The words and
and or are usually used to join the
subjects. Use commas to separate two
or more subjects.
Ex: A banjo has strings.
A cello has strings.
A banjo and a cello have strings.
Common Prefixes/Suffixes
Common Prefixes
Dis-: the opposite of, not (disagree)
In-: not, into (incorrect)
Mis-: badly, wrong, not (misprint,
misjudge)
Non-: the opposite of, not (nonsense,
nonrefundable)
Pre-: in front of, before (preheat)
Un-: the opposite of, not (unlikely,
unheard)
Common Suffixes
-able: able to be or to become
something (loveable)
-ful: having a lot of (beautiful)
-less: without something (odorless)
-ly: in such a manner, like or suited to,
occurring every so often (quickly,
weekly)
-ness: the state of being something
(goodness)
-ous: full of or having something
(adventurous, famous)
Parts of a Book
Table of Contents: a list of the titles
with the page numbers, located near
the front of the book.
Heading: title of a section in a
nonfiction book
Glossary: Dictionary of terms used in
the book, usually located in the back
of the book
Index: alphabetical list of topics and
page numbers in the back of the book.
Poetry
Literature written in verse.
Poem: A written composition, often
using rhythm, rhyme, metaphor, and
other artistic techniques to express
an idea, feelings, or a story.
Poet: a person who writes poems.
Main Idea/Details
Main Idea: The most important idea
or thought of a story or paragraph.
Supporting Details: Facts that
support the main idea of a topic or
text
Plot
The plot is sequence of events in a
story where each event causes the
next event to happen.
Climax-“Turning Point” or highest
interest point of a story
Conclusion or Resolution (how the
story ends)- The main conflict is
resolved or the story simply ends.
Theme
What the story is about in one word.
*To find the theme of a story, ask
yourself, “In one word, what
important part of life is this story
about?”
Six common themes in Children’s
Literature: Growing up, courage,
family/friendship, perseverance,
acceptance, and compassion!
 Context Clues
The different ways authors help
readers figure out unfamiliar words
(The clues are usually found around
the word.)
1.A definition
2.An explanation
3.An example
4.A synonym (word that means the same)
5.An antonym (word that means the opposite)
I had a dismal attitude because I
failed my test, but my best friend
was very pleased about her A.
(Context Clue=Antonym) Dismal-
bad
Author’s Purpose (P. I. E.)
The author’s intent or reason for
producing a piece of writing.
Persuade: to use convincing
strategies or facts to get someone to
agree or see that your view is worth
considering.
(editorials, advertisements, letters)
Inform: to give information or
news
(Newspaper, Informational texts)
Entertain: to humor or to
enlighten.
(books, comics)
Informational Genre
Common Text Features
Title: the name, or heading of the
article
Headings: Same as titles
Subheadings: identifies the main
idea of the section of text that
follows
Topic Sentences: Tells what the
entire paragraph is discussing.
Words in italics or boldface type
Side bars: brief text written on the
outside of the actual text.
Captions: brief text that provides
information about the subject of
photograph or an illustration
Headline: a short title
Graphic Features
Bar graphs: compare amounts of
similar kinds of information
Diagrams: show how things work.
Timelines: shows you what
happened and when
Types of Fiction (Genres) Literary Terms
*Realistic Fiction: stories with Theme: Life lesson learned; The
situations that can happen in real life main idea of a story.
*Historical Fiction: stories that take Main Idea: the central focus
place during past historical times Setting: Where and when the story
occurs.
(world wars, the titanic)
*Mystery :stories involving suspense, Characters: the people in the story
danger, and intrigue Summarize: A short version of
*Adventure: relatively realistic, something with main points
character have many exciting Chronological Order
experiences (Sequencing): When a story is told
*Fantasy: imaginative stories, in the order that the events actually
characters and settings are different happened. (First, next, finally)
from real world, often dealing with Compare and Contrast: Shows
magic, battles of good and evil how two or more things (subjects)
*Science Fiction: a type of fantasy, are alike and different.
stories generally set in a future time or Cause and Effect: describes an
world in which scientific advances event or condition that causes other
have changed society in important things to happen.
ways A fact states something that
*Folktales: traditional stories that real happens, has happened or is certain
the values and beliefs of a culture to be true, or is real or exists.
*Myth: a traditional story, usually of An opinion states something
unknown authorship, that answers believed to have occurred, believed
basic questions about the world. to exist, or believed to be true.
Myths attempt to explain such things Narrator: a person who tells the
as human nature, the origin of the story or events.
world, mysteries of nature, and social Moral: having to do with what is
customs. right and what is wrong in how a
*Fable: a brief tale that teaches a person acts.
Dialogue: a conversation between
lesson about human nature. Many
characters.
fables feature animals.
*Legend: a story handed down from
the past about a specific person-
usually someone of heroic
achievement
*Poetry: Literature written in verse.
Reference Resources
When searching for information, you can use the following sources:
Almanac – gives facts about populations, current events, ancient history,
famous people, sports, elections, and many other things. New editions come
out every year.
Atlas – a book of maps
Dictionary – find the definition of a word.
Encyclopedia – find detailed information about a topic
Glossary – a mini-dictionary at the end of a book
Newspaper/Magazine – has news on things that are happening right now
Table of Contents – a list of chapters or topics found near the beginning of
the book.
Thesaurus – find synonyms & antonyms; make better word choices
Index – a list of topics & page numbers found at the end of a book
Internet – quickly find anything & everything!
Phonebook – find a person’s or business’ address & phone number.