JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
VOL. 37, NO. 4 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
Hydrology an d Hydraulic Systems (Second Edi-
tion), R.S. Gupta. Waveland Press, Inc., Prospect
Heights, IL. 867 pages. 2001. ISBN 1-57766-630-7.
This book is intended as a teaching text for more
than one class in the water resources area of civil
engineering. The Second Edition of Hydrology and
Hydraulic Systems is the revised edition of the text
originally published by Prentice Hall in 1989. I used
the original in 1994 in a n upper division class. The
second edition has grown considerably in coverage
and size since the first publication. It now includes 15
chapters, 226 worked example problems, and another
284 a n s w e r s t o end-of-chapter problems. T h e
strengths and weaknesses of the text still remain,
even in the second edition. But first, let us consider
some particulars about the contents of the book.
The book is 867 pages in length, and, in addition to
the 15 chapters, includes 11 appendices (unfortunate-
ly not clearly labeled in either the Contents or in the
Appendices) and 30 pages of references (arranged by
chapter after chapter 15). Important t o prospective
users of the book are the topics included therein. The
chapters are: Demand for Water, Availability of Water,
Theory of G r o u n d w a t e r Flow, Applications f o r
Groundwater Flow, Development and Monitoring of
Groundwater, Measurement of Surface Water, Esti-
mation of Surface Water Flow, Computation of
Extreme Flow, Storage and Control Structures, Con-
veyance System: Open Channel Flow, Pressure Flow
System: Pipes and Pumps, Flow Routing Through
Hydraulic Systems, Urban Drainage Systems, Other
Drainage Systems, and Contaminant Hydrology. That
is a lot of information to cover for a single text. As a
RICHARD H. McCUEN, Ph.D., is a Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-3021.
JOURNAL
OF THE AMERICAN
WATERRESOURCES
ASSOCIATION
AUGUST 2001
Book Reviews
Edited by Richard H. McCuen
comparison in size, the ASCE Hydrology Handbook
Second Edition has a total of 784 pages.
New t o this edition of Hydrology and Hydraulic
Systems are the chapters on development and moni-
toring of groundwater, flow routing through hydraulic
systems, urban drainage systems, other drainage sys-
tems, and contaminant hydrology. How do these new
chapters measure up? I found the sections on statisti-
cal analyses of groundwater data in the development
and monitoring of groundwater chapter to be confus-
ing and too advanced for a typical undergraduate.
Learning those sections will require additional back-
ground preparation for most, if not all, students. The
chapter on flow through hydraulic systems is stan-
dard fare with discussion of and examples on hydro-
logic (mass balance) and hydraulic (continuity and
momentum) routing. There is a glaring mistake in the
section on the Muskingum-Cunge method in Equation
12.45 where the weighting coefficients, the C values,
are to add to 1.0. The C values are mislabeled and
there is an extra value of 3 added to the coefficients.
Although this is an obvious error to anyone who has
used the method, it raises questions about the other
equations in the book. The author also introduces the
concept of the method of characteristics, but shows
only one characteristic on the space-time coordinate
system. I believe that the student would be better
served with a more detailed view of the method. The
chapter on urban drainage systems was separated in
this second edition from the other drainage systems
chapter. That separation, and revision, adds to the
usefulness of t h e chapter. The chapter on other
drainage systems is a bit too concise. I believe that
the section on agricultural drainage is just too much
of a cookbook without much insight. The section on
1065 JAWRA
 BOOK REVIEWS
culverts, although better than the treatments I have
seen in other teaching texts, is also too limited. In
this sample chapter, the author overlooks the large
number of r u r a l a n d forest roads t h a t m u s t be
designed for drainage as well as erosion resistance. In
fact, erosion is not even a topic in the index. I was
expecting t o see some discussion of erosion and sedi-
ment transport in the chapter on contaminant hydrol-
ogy because s e d i m e n t (along w i t h its a t t a c h e d
nutrients and chemicals) is a significant water pollu-
tant. I did not, but I did find some engineering science
about diffusion, dispersion, advection, and, finally,
mass transport.
Now to focus on the general strengths and weak-
nesses of the book. First, because the book combines
both hydrology and hydraulics, it covers lots of mate-
rial. unfortunately, by doing so it leaves out some of
the basic engineering science that I believe a civil
engineering student should have in the courses in
which the book is intended to be used. When the origi-
nal text was used in our combined course in hydrology
and hydraulics, the students at UNM reported that
they found this lack of engineering science to be a
weakness. Second, there are lots of worked-in-detail
problems in the text. This is a strength of the text
because the students can easily see how to apply the
methods described just previous to the examples.
However, because there are so many examples, space
that may have been better used for more detailed dis-
cussion is occupied. Third, there are a number of
errors (such as t h e one cited above on t h e Musk-
ingum-Cunge method) that the course instructor of
the students must find and correct. Another example
of what I consider to be an error is the use of units on
logarithmic-transformed units. I believe that the car-
rying of the units with the logarithmic value can be
misleading to the student. Fourth, and final, this
reviewer is familiar with other methods and more
engineering science, such as on the topic of rainfall
infiltration, that the author did not include in the
text.
So what is the bottom line on this book? If the read-
er wants a text that covers lots of material, can be
used in more than one class, and has lots of worked
examples, then consider this book. If the reader wants
a text with less coverage but with more in-depth pre-
sentation of what is covered, then shop around some
more. I believe that the text could aid a n instructor
teaching the courses it would cover, and therefore rec-
ommend it for that purpose. So the bottom line is . . .
consider it, but review it first.
Tim J. Ward, Ph.D., P.E., F. ASCE
Professor and Chair of Civil Engineering
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131-1351
JAWRA
Snow and Glacier Hydrology, P. Singh and V.P.
Singh. Kluwer Academic Publ., P.O. Box 989, 3300
AZ Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 742 pages. Feb.
2001. $265. ISBN 0-7923-6767-7.
The first really comprehensive treatise on snow
hydrology and related phenomena, “Snow Hydrology:
Summary Report of the Snow Investigations,” was
published in 1956 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-
neers. While incredibly useful in its day, that volume
has long since been relegated to library archives. In
1979, a wonderful Symposium Proceedings on “Model-
ing Snow Cover Runoff” (S.C. Colbeck and M. Ray,
Editors), was published by the U.S. Army CRREL,
but now even my revered personal copy has disap-
peared. In 1980, Colbeck edited the ”Dynamics of
Snow and Ice Masses,” which is no longer in press.
Then a second comprehensive snow hydrology
resource, “Handbook of Snow” (D.M. Gray and D.H.
Male, Editors), was published in 1981, but it, too, is
obviously dated and long out-of-press. There are some
valuable recent contributions like Pomeroy and Gray’s
1995 “Snowcover Accumulation, Relocation and Man-
agement” and snow and glacier hydrology are served
well by current journals and up-to-date publications
like the Proceedings of t h e Eastern and Western
Snow Conferences. Nevertheless, most of us find it
really convenient to have a comprehensive, up-to-date
reference volume on our own bookshelf - or if in a
library, a good place t o tell a student t o start looking
for information. “Snow and Glacier Hydrology” will
ably fill that need.
“Snow and Glacier Hydrology” is divided into five
parts. Part 1 is a brief introduction to the global sig-
nificance of snow cover and glaciers - particularly sig-
nificant in light of increasing demand for fresh water
resources. Part 2 covers the properties and measure-
ment of snow and snow cover. Part 3 deals with snow-
pack energy exchange processes a n d snowmelt
hydrographs. Part 4 reviews snowmelt runoff model-
ing and forecasting. Part 5 presents four chapters
dedicated to glacier characteristics, dynamics, hydrol-
ogy, and erosion and sedimentation. A fifth chapter on
streamflow measurements, while complete, seems
unnecessary and a little out of place in a book more
narrowly focused on snow and glacier phenomena.
The quality of the text and binding is excellent. I
looked hard, but did not find any errors in typesetting
or citations, which is remarkable in a 742-page text.
Each chapter is filled with clear, easy-to-understand
figures and tables. Technical terms are well-defined.
Equations are presented and explained clearly and
concisely. As expected in a reference volume, litera-
ture citations are numerous and taken from a wide
range of international journals, government publica-
tions, and symposia proceedings. Perhaps the only
1066 JOURNAL
OF THE AMERICAN
WATERRESOURCES
ASSOCIATION
 BOOK REVIEWS
short-coming of the reviewed literature is the seem-
ingly heavy reliance on materials published in the
1970s and 1980s. Some of this literature is, of course,
‘‘classic,”but a good deal of it references old papers in
old symposium proceedings that might prove difficult
for someone to locate original sources in any but the
most complete library collections.
Nothing replaces frequent visits to Citation Indices
or the electronic reference data bases available i n
most libraries. Nevertheless, it is often convenient to
reach over to a bookcase and grab a reference off the
shelf to be able to document answers to questions in a
hurry. Even better yet, to hand to an advanced under-
graduate student or beginning graduate student and
tell them to start looking. “Snow and Glacier Hydrolo-
gy” can provide the answers and references in these
disciplines. Because I do have access t o electronic ref-
erence data bases, the only hesitation I would have in
purchasing the volume for my personal library is the
relatively high cost ($245). This will not deter me
from asking my university t o acquire the book for
their collection.
Dr. Donald F. Potts
Professor of Watershed Management
School of Forestry
University of Montana
Missoula, MT 59812
I I
II OTHER BOOKS AND
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED II
The Hydrology-Geomorphology Interface: Rain-
fall, Floods, Sedimentation, Land Use, M.A.
Hassan, 0. Slaymaker, and S. Berkowicz (Editors).
IAHS Press, Center for Ecology and Hydrology,
Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 BBB, UK. 326
pages. g49.
This book reflects the complex functioning of the
drainage basin sediment cascade and follows the f l u
of water and sediment from source t o sink. Fluvial
geomorphology and related processes in arid areas are
a particular focus. The 20 chapters are derived from a
conference at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Israel, on the theme of drainage basin processes and
morphology. The rainfall input to arid geomorphic
systems is considered in detail; understanding its
temporal and spatial distribution is a prerequisite of
successful rainfall-runoff modeling. Rainfall-runoff
modeling and erosion studies in the Negev (Israel),
JOURNAL
OF THE AMERICAN
WATERRESOURCES
ASSOCIATION
Australia, Slovakia, and the USA are reported. The
geomorphic effectiveness of high magnitude events
such as tropical storms in Baja, California, USA, and
in India, are considered. Four contributions provide
information about the functioning of drainage basins
obtained from lacustrine sedimentary evidence.
Science and Policy: Interbasin Water Transfer
of Aquatic Biota, J.A. Leitch and M. Tenamoc
(Editors). Inst. for Regional Studies, North Dakota
State University, Fargo, ND. 145 pages. 2001. $20.
ISBN 0-911042-54-7.
The Pick-Sloan Project was conceived shortly after
World War I1 as a way for North Dakota to capitalize
on some of the flow of the Missouri River. Part of the
plan produced the Garrison Dam, providing flood con-
trol and hydropower. Another part of the plan was to
provide water for MR&I purposes and to irrigate
about 250,000 acres of cropland, which would require
a diversion and interbasin transfer of water. Opposi-
tion from environmental groups a n d Canadian
authorities stalled the diversion project because of the
potential for unintended transfer of undesirable
aquatic species. In the late 1980s, project supporters
hoped that careful scientific research could ameliorate
concerns about the transfer of aquatic biota. The
chapters in this book report the findings of several
extensive studies including: a history of Garrison
Diversion, a n international review of interbasin water
transfers, identification of the pathways for aquatic
biotic transfer, the distribution and dispersal of fishes
in the Red River of the North basin, case histories of
representative fish species invasions, water treatment
technologies to prevent biota transfer, and more.
While this book is largely a case study of potential
interbasin water transfer between the Missouri-
Mississippi basin and t h e Hudson Bay basin, i t
should help guide policy makers and assist scientists
involved with similar issues world-wide.
Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment
2000 Report, R. Jolly. World Health Organization,
1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. 79 pages. 2000.
$31.50. ISBN 92-4-156202-1.
This book reports the findings, by country and by
region, of a global assessment of the water supply and
sanitation sector in 2000. The report uses a new
methodology that gives both a more accurate estimate
of access to water supply and sanitation and a better
understanding of t h e many factors t h a t influence
changes over time. The 2000 report uses consumer-
1067 JAWRA
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based data drawn from household surveys. By focus-
ing on users rather than providers as the primary
source of data, the report creates a platform for track-
ing the local initiatives that are now recognized as
central to the attainment of sustained improvements.
In another innovation, the report uses technology
type as an indicator of access to improved water and
sanitation. The definition of adequate coverage is now
based on assumptions that certain technologies, such
as public standpipes or pour-flush latrines, are better
for health than others, such as unprotected springs
and public latrines. The report has 11 chapters. The
first presents the main findings of the assessment,
emphasizing issues that can aid decisions about the
planning and management of services and the invest-
ment in priority needs.
Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology
(Second Edition), J.S. Levinton. Oxford Univ. Press,
198 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016. 528 pages.
Feb. 2001. ISBN 0-19-514-172-5.
This new edition of Marine Biology reflects a phi-
losophy of marine biology teaching as a gateway t o an
active science with broad scope and exciting achieve-
ments. Students must learn concepts and facts while
appreciating the organismal diversity of the marine
realm. Most importantly, they must feel the pulse of
current happenings. That is why over 20 essays called
“Hot Topics in Marine Biology” are included. These
essays put students in contact with the current world
of research, and the enclosed Marine Biology Explo-
rations CD links to a Marine Biology web page that
connect students to the world wide web of marine
biology. This new and revised second edition of Levin-
ton’s Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology
promises to be as fascinating and informative as the
first, with additions t h a t bring it up-to-date on
current research issues. Designed for one-semester
juniodsenior courses, this established volume stands
as one of the most current and thorough resources for
students in the multidisciplinary field of marine biolo-
gy. The new edition includes significantly expanded
coverage of marine mammals and hypothesis testing
and offers entirely new sections on subtidal rocky
reefs, metapopulations, marine invasions, marine pro-
tected areas and no-take fishery zones, and molecular
approaches to marine biology and fisheries. It empha-
sizes the relationship of t h e functional ecology of
organisms to higher levels of organization, including
major marine habitats and ecosystems.
JAWRA
M a n a g e m e n t of Shared G r o u n d w a t e r Re-
sources: The Israeli-Palestinian Case With An
International Perspective, E. Feitelson and
M. Haddad (Editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 989,3300 AZ Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
493 pages. Feb. 2001. $160. ISBN 0-7923-7254-9.
Most of the world’s freshwater resources in liquid
state (i.e., not in glaciers and polar caps) are under-
ground. As the population grows and demand for
water rises, the reliance on ground water increases.
I n many cases, the ground water underlies bound-
aries, or is part of a hydraulic system that crosses
boundaries. In such cases, there is always the danger
that the “prisoner’s dilemma” will run its course and
all parties will compete over who will pump the most
water, ultimately destroying the storage potential to
the detriment of future generations of all parties
based on the ground water. This book explores the
options and means for averting this all too realistic
scenario by managing these shared ground water
resources. No where is the likelihood of excessive use
of ground water greater than in the water-scarce Mid-
dle East, and especially in the Israeli-Palestinian
case. Here both sides are heavily reliant on a shared
aquifer, the Mountain Aquifer. This book is the out-
come of a seven-year effort to find ways to manage the
Mountain Aquifer, p e r h a p s t h e most important
resource shared by the Israelis and Palestinians. As
part of this cooperative study, four workshops were
held i n which a selected number of Palestinian,
Israeli, and foreign experts were invited. The chap-
ters in this book were originally presented in one of
these workshops. To these papers, introductory and
concluding chapters were added.
Applied Hydrogeology (Fourth Edition), C.W.
Fetter. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
07458. 598 pages. 2001. ISBN 0-13-088239-9.
Applied Hydrogeology is intended as a textbook for
an introductory course in hydrogeology taught either
at the advanced undergraduate level, or as a dual-
level undergraduatdgraduate course. It is also useful
in helping individuals who are preparing t o take state
examinations f o r professional registration as a
hydrologist or hydrogeologist. It can be found as a ref-
erence book in the personal library of many working
professionals. The book stresses the application of
mathematics to problem-solving r a t h e r t h a n the
derivation of theory. To this end you will find many
example problems with step-by-step solutions. Case
studies in many chapters enhance understanding of
the occurrence and movement of ground water in a
1068 JOURNAL
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WATERRESOURCESASSOCIATION
 BOOK REVIEWS

variety of geological settings. A glossary of hydrogeo-

logical terms makes this book a valuable reference.
The fourth edition contains new case studies and end-
of-chapter problems. In most cases the problems are
paired. An odd-numbered problem will have t h e
answer given in a section in the back of the book, fol-
lowed by a n even-numbered problem without t h e
answer. Step-by-step solutions to the odd-numbered
problems can also be found at the Applied Hydrogeol-
ogy web page: http://www.appliedhydrogeology.com.
Many chapters in the fourth edition also contain a
section called “Analysis,” with nonnumerical ques-
tions. The use of spreadsheet programs, such as
Microsoft Excel in hydrogeology, is introduced here.
Included with the text are working student versions
of three computer programs that are used by ground
water professionals. They have been furnished free of
charge by the software publishers.

JOURNAL OF THE WATERRESOURCES

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 1069 JAWRA