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INFORMATION NEEDS OF NURSES

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On the basis of this observation, the objective of this study was to understand the information needs and
seeking behaviour of nurses at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, as well as identify the information
sources available to them and the factors that facilitate or hinder access and use of the sources.(More...)
On the basis of this observation, the objective of this study was to understand the
information needs and seeking behaviour of nurses at the University College
Hospital, Ibadan, as well as identify the information sources available to them and
the factors that facilitate or hinder access and use of the sources. [9] The assessment of
the information needs and seeking behaviour of various professionals, such as nurses, is essential
for assisting them to access and use information resources required for optimal work performance
(Oyewo, 2006). [9] Carrying out this study at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan was
considered most appropriate for gaining significant insight into the general information needs of
nurses in Nigerian teaching hospitals, because UCH is both the largest and the oldest medical
training institution in Nigeria, as well as the major supplier of nursing professionals to other similar
institutions in Nigeria (Osuntokun, 1992). [9] OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed
information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department. [17] From the
ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in Oregon. [17] Several
studies have indicated that nurses have unmet information needs while delivering care to patients.
[7] The differences observed confirm that nurses and physicians have different care delivery
responsibilities, goals, and activities, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing their
information needs. [7] Nurses expressed a significant need for improved information in new
developments in their specializations, government regulations relating to health care, and other
subjects. [4] ingentaconnect Nurses - their information needs and use of libraries: the views. [22]
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that nurses’ information needs are different
from what is reported in the literature in terms of physicians’ information needs. Questions
regarding a nursing procedure or protocol were the most common needs nurses had. [7] Like most
other professions, the information needs and seeking behaviour of nurses have been in a constant
state of flux over the years, due to both rapid developments in the field, as well as the emergence of
new information technologies (Corcoran-Perry and Graves, 1990). [9] The data in Table 2 indicate
that the CPG document expert and nurses agree that the information found by the nurses did
satisfy the information need for the majority of sessions. [7] The information needs of registered
nurses from all fields in a 17 county area of upstate New York were surveyed. [4]
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Two important elements describe such information behaviour, namely: nurses' information needs
and the sources of information that they prefer and use (Dorsch, 2000; Pajarillo, 2001). [9]
Non-hospital nurses indicated greater need for information than hospital nurses in most subject
areas. [4] This recognition underpins nurses' need for access to useful information and the
necessary skills for using such information. [9]
Nurses also gather and transmit information from patients and the patients' families to other health
care providers, and sometimes serve as liaison resource persons between the patients and the
patients' families. [9] Nursing educators tended to use all sources of information more often than
did other nurses. [4] METHODS: Nurses at three hospitals were asked to use an information
retrieval tool (CPG Viewer). [7]
According to Wilson (2000), information needs are influenced by a variety of factors such as the
range of information sources available; the uses to which the information will be put; the
background, motivation, professional orientation and individual characteristics of the user. [9]
Major themes that emerged from analyses of interview transcripts included: (1) differences in
information needs depending on position and role; (2) colleagues as the most efficient and trusted
source of information; (3) limitations of existing knowledge-based resources; (4) need for
up-to-date and pertinent information; and (5) need for personal computers, basic communications
software, and expanded Internet access. [17]
We chose acute care settings because they cover a broader range of patient diagnoses, potentially
leading to the generation of more information needs. [7] For each information need recorded in the
questionnaire, the expert was asked to use CPG Viewer to find the most appropriate document (if it
existed), and to estimate how much time a given user would need to spend in order to find the
information in the document. [7] The document expert used the monitoring data to identify
whether information needs were really fulfilled or not based on the document that was found by
the users and the time spent reading the document. [7] There were, however, 6 cases when the user
and document expert disagreed about whether the information need was satisfied by the
information content in the documents. [7]
Within the context of this article, we are restricting information needs to compromised needs, since
we are analyzing nurses’ use of an information system to resolve their knowledge gaps. [7] Clinical
information needs in context: an observational study of clinicians while using a clinical information
system. [7] Currie LM, Graham M, Allen M, Bakken S, Patel V, Cimino JJ. Clinical information
needs in context: an observational study of clinicians while using a clinical information system. [7]
The classification of clinicians' information needs while using a clinical information system. [7]
Our goal is to examine nurses’ information needs and searching behavior in acute care settings. [7]
What is clear, on the other hand, is the need to explore in more detail the nurses’ information
needs. In a future study, we intend to combine the non-intrusive method used here with a more
traditional observational method. [7] Expanding the concept of medical information: an
observational study of physicians' information needs. Comput Biomed Res. 1992 Apr;
25(2):181-200. [7] Information use occurs when information acquired by a person to satisfy an
information need is actually put into use. [9] Potential explanations for non-use of the tool include
(but are not limited to) workload constraints (staff are too busy to use the tool), a preference for
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consulting with peers to satisfy information needs, or the use of unit-specific information. [7] Our
findings suggest that nurses’ information needs differ from what is reported in the literature
compared to physician’s information needs. About half of the time, CPG Viewer users were seeking
information about “protocols” and “procedures”, as opposed to “choices of drugs” or “cause of
symptoms”, as reported by Ely et al. [7] To date, many studies address physicians’ search behaviors
and information needs, but few authors report studies describing nurses’ search behaviors and
information needs. [7] Nicholas points out that information needs arise when a person recognizes a
gap in his/her state of knowledge and wishes to resolve that anomaly. [7]
The aim of this literature review was to find out what the information needs of urology nurses are;
and how best an outreach librarian can meet those needs needs. Methods of data collection Five
medical and library science databases (Medline, Embase, BNI, Cinahl and Library and Information
Science Abstracts) were searched for literature on urology, nursing, and information needs or
education or research. [6] The Cushing/Whitney Medical Library - Yale University has received
funding from the National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Health to determine the
healthcare information needs of Connecticut school nurses, and to develop resources and training
that match those needs. [15]
This study considered the information needs of nurses and their attributions for uncertainty. [19]
Most of the literature relating to the information behaviour of nurses relates to their expressed
information need and information searching behaviour. [19] The HIFA 2009 Challenge focuses on
the information needs of nurses and midwives. [13] Little is known about the decisions that nurses
make and the information needs that arise within the context of those decisions. [21] The findings
suggest that, if we wish to encourage nurses to use research information in clinical practice, we
need to move from `pull' to `push' technology. [21] Our common goal is: By 2015, every nurse and
midwife will have access to the information they need to learn, to diagnose, to provide appropriate
care and treatment, and to save lives. [13] We call on governments and funding agencies to support
efforts to meet the needs of nurses and midwives so that people do not die because of a simple lack
of basic healthcare information. [13]
IN-DEPTH
Section Contents:
For instance, if a nurse had indicated in the questionnaire that he/she was looking for a protocol related to
“pain”, and also indicated that the information was found, we reviewed the monitoring data to identify the
search strategies used, and if the appropriate documents were actually found and opened.(More...)
We were also concerned over the reported rate (42.6%) of unsuccessful information seeking sessions; we
speculate that the reason(s) for lack of success include unfamiliarity with CPG collection coverage, need for
improved document search capabilities, or need for more content than is currently available in the
documents.(More...)
Nurses need a wide variety of information to meet their clinical and educational needs (Cherly and Ellen,
2005).(More...)
The 2009 Challenge will bring together thousands of nurses, midwives, publishers and librarians to work out
ways to improve the quality and availability of information for nurses and midwives in developing countries.
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(More...)
O rganized in 1960, the Interagency Council on Information Resources in Nursing is a voluntary group made
up of agencies and organizations concerned with providing library and informational resources for nursing and
improving access to library services for all nurses.(More...)
The health department director, a nurse by training, expressed the need for community health data and
basic, user-friendly statistical tracking software for monitoring health at the county level.(More...)
For instance, if a nurse had indicated in the questionnaire that he/she was looking
for a protocol related to “pain”, and also indicated that the information was found,
we reviewed the monitoring data to identify the search strategies used, and if the
appropriate documents were actually found and opened. [7] Interview transcripts were
analyzed using a constant comparative method to assess the information nurses sought and used in
their work. [17] Information is therefore a very crucial tool for nurses, and how they acquire and
use the information are key determinants of their performance. [9] The reasons for the failures
included improper document indexing, the nurse could not find the information within the
document after searching for 3 minutes, and the nurse found the correct document but did not
open it during the search session. [7] The questionnaire was designed to specifically ask the nurse
what information he/she was looking for, and a confirmation if he/she had found the information.
[7]
Akinyemi (2006) observed, however, that most of what is known about nurses' information
practices comes from developed countries, and that most of the identifiable studies on information
access and seeking practices of medical professionals in Nigeria focus on medical doctors. [9]
In 1968, Taylor explained the need for information in four steps: “ visceral need ”, “ conscious need
”, “ formalized need ”, and “ compromised need ”. [7] In order to use the CPG Viewer, nurses need
to log in using the same user identification required by other IHC clinical systems. [7] Nurses care
for the sick and provide them assistance with physical and psychosocial needs, until they achieve
stability, regain their previous state of wellness, or achieve a new level of functioning. [9]
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and
information tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate
information sharing among colleagues are needed. [17] The project will center on the use of a
survey as well as focus groups as the main tools to discover how school nurses currently find new
information, what their needs are, and what would be the most helpful way for them to access
information in the future. [15] To the best of our knowledge the information needs of the school
nurse population have not been reported in the literature, and it is therefore assumed that it is an
understudied area. [15] For that reason the purpose of this project is to determine how Connecticut
school nurses currently retrieve information and what there information needs are, as well as what
the barriers are to information. [15] In October 2007, we distributed a survey to school nurses in
Connecticut a survey to gather information about these needs. We look forward to receiving your
completed surveys. [15]
Some examples of terms used included nurse practitioner, nurse prescriber, nurse clinicians,
district nurse, health visitor, drug information resources, drug information services, information
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needs, and information technology. [2] The Council meets twice yearly where members exchange
information, ideas, and experiences, explore the library and information needs of nurses, and make
suggestions to appropriate executive bodies regarding the development and use of library and
informational resources. [12] Learning Objective #1 : learn what information Thai nurses need and
use for their nursing care and practice in general and for specific nursing care activities. [16] In
promoting evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses, every party relevant to nursing should
understand what information nurses need and use in both general and specific activities and what
factors influence these needs and uses. [16]
Rasch R, Cogdill K: Nurse practitioners' information needs and information seeking: implications
for practice and education. [2] Cogdill KW: Information needs and information seeking in primary
care: a study of nurse practitioners. [2] This original study aims to describe and explore these
missing aspects by employing Henderson and Nite's Principles and Practice in Nursing to describe
nursing-care activities and Dervin's Sense-Making and Wilson's Model of Information Behavior to
explain Thai nurses' information needs and uses and the factors that influence them. [16]
The nurses" pattern was more complex than that of the doctors, reflecting their needs for
information for teaching and mentoring colleagues, patient education and patient care
administration. [3] Many studies have assessed what information nurses need and use in general or
in nurses' role-related tasks. [16] Generally, nurses need information to solve problems like
supporting life long learning and improving their knowledge on the practice of the profession. [15]
We were also concerned over the reported rate (42.6%) of unsuccessful information
seeking sessions; we speculate that the reason(s) for lack of success include
unfamiliarity with CPG collection coverage, need for improved document search
capabilities, or need for more content than is currently available in the documents.
[7] Ehikhamenor defined information seeking behaviour as any activity of an individual that is
undertaken to identify a message that satisfies a perceived need. [9] A person then formalizes the
need into a rational statement and may seek an answer to it by using an information system,
transforming it into a compromised need. [7]
Nursing-related information behaviour includes all the behaviours nurses manifest in relation to
identifying, gathering, processing and managing information for optimal work performance
(Pajarillo, 2001). [9] The NGC mission is to provide physicians, nurses, and other health
professionals, health care providers, health plans, integrated delivery systems, purchasers and
others an accessible mechanism for obtaining objective, detailed information on clinical practice
guidelines and to further their dissemination, implementation and use. [12] David Benton, Chief
Executive Officer, International Council of Nurses (ICN), highlighted that "lack of accurate and
current health information is a serious threat to patient safety and quality of care. [13] The article by
Kleier (2009) and the editorial by Karlowicz (2006) argue in turn that nurses provide vital health
information and education to patients. [6]
The partners of the Positive Practice Environments campaign publish a new Fact Sheet on the
information needs of health professionals, prepared by HIFA2015. [13] Librarians spend a great
deal of time thinking about how to provide resources and services in anticipation of the
information needs of library users. [15] The study of these needs will help us to develop resources
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and design training to match those information needs. [15] The occurrence of hidden and
unrecognised uncertainty suggests that there are areas of clinical practice where helping to
recognise and articulate information need may stimulate further interest in evidence-based
practice. [19] Triggers to the expression of uncertainty and information need were pragmatic: the
presence of a problem in practice and evidence for a workable solution. [19] Without fully
understanding the information needs of any group, the result is an offering library services and
information sources that Librarians perceive are the users' needs when in fact that may not be the
case. [15] Information need was complex, and included contextual features relating to the patient,
treatment process, treatment type and desired outcome. [19]
Nurses need a wide variety of information to meet their clinical and educational
needs (Cherly and Ellen, 2005). [15] Chan T, Brew S, de Lusignan S: Community nursing
needs more silver surfers: a questionnaire survey of primary care nurses' use of information
technology. [2] In order to provide an accurate risk assessment and give reassurance or advice as
appropriate, practice nurses feel that they need more information about familial conditions to be
able to manage patients confidently. [8] There is a need for further education for practice nurses
regarding family history information and the new genetics so that this information is managed
appropriately. [8]
The 2009 Challenge will bring together thousands of nurses, midwives, publishers
and librarians to work out ways to improve the quality and availability of
information for nurses and midwives in developing countries. [13] Together we are
calling for relevant, reliable healthcare information to be made more easily accessible to nurses and
midwives in the developing world. [13]
Dr Jean Yan, Coordinator of Health Professions Networks and Chief Scientist, Nursing and
Midwifery, at the World Health Organization, Geneva, declared: "Nurses and midwives, as the
largest group of healthcare providers, are often the first point of contact for individuals and
communities most in need. [13] The other articles included a case study to identify the education
and training needs of nurses in a pilot patient-focused care hospital in the UK (Jenner, 1998), and
two articles about educating urology nurses to be aware of bias in journal articles and to think
critically about what they learn (Russell, 2006), and to be competent when working with patients of
different cultures (Broome and McGuinness, 2007). [6] Jenner E. A case study analysis of nurses'
roles, education and training needs associated with patient-focused care. [6]
For further information about this Project contact investigators at ysnlib@yale.edu, and use the
subject line SCHOOL NURSE SURVEY, or phone 203-785-2396. [15] The HIFA2015 goal is
supported by more than 90 health and development organisations worldwide, including the British
Medical Association, Hesperian Foundation, International Council of Nurses, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Medical Library Association, Partnerships in Health Information,
Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of Nursing, and Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists. [18] A Comprehensive, Integrated Nursing & Allied Health Portal for Practice,
Education, Research, and Administration The information needs of today's nursing and allied
health community are changing. [19] Pakenham-Walsh N & Bukachi F. Information needs of health
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care workers in developing countries: a literature review with a focus on Africa. [18] The National
Prescribing Centre, an organization of the National Health Service in the UK, describes several
competencies around information needs relevant to prescribing and emphasis is placed on using
relevant and up to date information in various formats (e.g. print, electronic, verbal). [2] Launched
in 1998, MedlinePlus ( medlineplus.gov ) was designed to serve the information needs of health
consumers as MEDLINE has done for health professionals. [11] No single study has investigated
information needs and uses for specific nursing-care activities such as care for patients dying or
experiencing pain. [16] In 2010 the campaign is addressing the information needs of community
health workers. [18] Exploring the contexts of information behaviour, proceedings of the second
international conference on research in information needs, seeking and use in different contexts,
13-15 August 1998, Sheffield, UK, edited by T.D. Wilson and D.K. Allen. [3] Actual system use may
thus be a small proportion of potential use, and the emphasis in information behaviour research
may be on the patterns of information need and use and the perceived preferences for certain
information sources as opposed to others. [3] Information behaviour research is concerned with a
deeper understanding of information needs and use, through sense making as proposed by Dervin
(1986) or, for example, features, as proposed by Ellis (1989).A later integration by Wilson (1999) of
the research in the field proposes a problem solving model which considers uncertainty, though in
a slightly different manner from the phenomenological viewpoint of Kulhthau"s view of
uncertainty (1991). [3] New developments in object oriented analysis methods have similarities to
the methods that might be used to investigate information needs and use in information behaviour
studies. [3] It is unknown as to whether differences exist regarding types of resources used, drug
information needs, and utilization patterns among NPs and collaborating physician partners. [2] In
2008 the campaign focused on the information needs of medical, nursing and midwifery students.
[18] Wang (1996) obtained similar findings in a study of research students and faculty working on a
research project, and suggests that subtle changes in information needs while working on a project
can be mapped by changes in cognitive structures. [3] Westberg EE, Miller RA: The basis for using
the Internet to support the information needs of primary care. [2] The results could thus be
analysed to show the patterns of purposes associated with particular sources of information, and,
similarly the patterns of sources associated with particular purposes of information need. [3]
Urquhart, Christine (2001) "Bridging information requirements and information needs assessment:
do scenarios and vignettes provide a link?". [3]
Responses to questions about information resources indicated that the resources used by the
nurses were more a function of health department position and role than their professional nursing
background, (similar to their responses about information needs). [1] In 2004, the Royal College of
Nursing (RCN) library and information services (LIS) carried out a survey into the information
needs of nurses and other health professionals. [6] In 2004, we decided therefore to revisit the
strategy for meeting members' local information needs. As the first step in this process, we decided
to carry out a UK-wide survey into the information needs of nurses, midwives, health visitors and
health care assistants. [6] Report of key findings of RCN's survey of the information needs of
nurses, health care assistants, midwives and health visitors. 2005. [6] Bertulis, R. and
Cheeseborough, J. (2008), The Royal College of Nursing's information needs survey of nurses and
health professionals. [6] A critical first step for building information systems that can successfully
assist public health professionals in their work is deeper understanding of the intersection of public
health professionals' roles with public health information needs. This study indicates that local
health department nurses occupy a variety of positions and perform a variety of tasks that require
them to be knowledgeable in a wide range of health areas. [1] The purpose of this qualitative study
was to identify and assess the information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local
7 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
health department in rural Oregon in relationship to their roles, job positions, and work-related
tasks. [1] From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in
Oregon - UKPMC Article - UK PubMed Central OBJECTIVES: The research identified and assessed
information needs and resources of public health nurses in a local health department. [1] A Digital
Divide: Assessing the information needs and use of nurses from an Oregon county public health
department. [5] This echoes the findings of a study of nurse practitioners in North Carolina, USA in
1998, where respondents were asked to indicate the weekly frequency of their information needs as
a result of patient encounters and their relative use of a range of information resources. [6] These
interviews suggested that many of the information needs, uses, and challenges of the local health
department nurses investigated in the current study were similar to nurses working in other health
departments in the state. [1] To help determine if the information needs expressed by the public
health nurses were typical of other rural public health agencies in the state, the researchers
conducted a limited number of informal, on-site interviews with four additional public health
nurses employed at two medium-sized and one large-sized local health department in Oregon. [1]
This finding is consistent with studies on the information needs of professionals including
clinicians, nurses in clinical settings besides public health, and the broader public health workforce.
[1] Information Needs Differed Depending on Employees' Positions and Roles Although the health
department nurses shared a common professional background, they were employed in a variety of
positions, including clinical office nurse (4), home visiting nurse (3), school nurse (2), nursing
assistant (2), women's health specialist (2), nursing supervisor (1), communicable disease nurse (1),
bioterrorism liaison (1), and health department director (1). [1] Describe knowledge-based
information needs of nurses in clinical and academic settings, with an emphasis on evidence based
nursing and the ANCC Magnet initiative. 2. [24] The nurses in a small-scale UK study of the
information needs of theatre staff differentiated their needs from those of doctors and saw nursing
information as patient- or care-centred and holistic, in contrast to the medical or scientific
information required by doctors. [6] This site serves the information needs of nurses who work in
medical/surgical, intensive care, emergency, trauma, critical care, pediatrics, geriatrics, operating
room, postanesthesia, obstetrics/gynecologic, neonatal, neurologic, oncology, psychiatric, and other
settings. [25] Because of widely differing positions and roles, the information needs of public health
nurses in a local health agency varied greatly, suggesting that a multifaceted approach is likely
necessary to address the needs of this population. [1] Interviews with the nursing assistants were
included because of their direct involvement with assisting nurses and their likely insights into
nurses' information needs; these participants were also nursing students. (Note: All interviewees
throughout the remainder of the text are referred to as nurses.) [1] Links provided to articles about
the Magnet designation, articles about Evidence-Based Practice, about the information needs of
nurses. [24] Course Description: Learn about knowledge-based information needs of nurses in
clinical and educational settings. [24] If you work as a nurse, you now have rapid access to a
comprehensive Website dealing with the major issues, trends, and professional and clinical
information you need to stay up-to-date with nursing. [25] Nurses working in local public health
have a tremendous need for access to reliable and easy-to-access information. [1] Some nurses
expressed concern about the need to filter through the large number of websites returned from an
Internet search engine, but they also expressed confidence in their ability to select quality
information from credible sources. [1]
Books from the workplace were reported by approximately 79% of UK primary care nurses as a
commonly used source of knowledge and information used to support practice. [2] Unreported data
from this survey showed that the majority of nurses reported using computer systems and
computer templates to manage patient information and were confident in so doing. [8] Data from
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structured interviews of a sample of 22 community nurse prescribers reported by Hall et al.

revealed that the majority relied on print materials to access information, namely the British
National Formulary. [2]
Of the nurses that routinely take information about family history, most activity occurs in new
patient clinics; family history of ischaemic heart disease is the most commonly collected in all clinic
settings. [8] Pritchard K, Chan T: The confidence and competence of community nurses in using
information and communications technology and in accessing clinical evidence through electronic
libraries and databases. [2] The suggestion of lectures or workshops and written materials sent to
the practice were both very popular (513 of the nurses would like to attend a lecture/ workshop
and 317 would like written information sent to the practice). [8] Approximately 60% of nurses felt
confident about collecting the relevant details regarding a family history of breast cancer but felt
less confident in collecting the information regarding familial colorectal cancer. [8]
Learning Objective #2 : to apply, if they want to promote evidence-based practice in their nursing
work place, what information and resources they need to prepare. [16] The user will find
information using the phrase "breast cancer" and not need to use "breast neoplasms." [11]
The HIFA2015 Knowledge Base aims to build a picture of the information needs of different cadres
of healthcare provider, and how to meet them. [18] It is debatable whether brainstorming does in
fact produce more ideas about a problem than might be obtained from the group working
individually ( Buchanan & Huczynski, 1997 ) but for the purposes of information needs or
information requirements discussions, CRC cards or focus groups may encourage a shared
understanding of the concepts, the events and procedures that may be involved in an information
system or situation. [3]
Results for medical staff indicated clearly that personal education and updating was often
associated with the need for information on a rare condition or specific patient problem. [3] At
Ovid, we conducted extensive market research with students, practitioners, and administrators, as
well as librarians and information managers into the way they work and the tools they need. [19]
From the marketing point of view, information managers need to assess the likely segments of the
market for services. [3] Practice nurses are ideally placed to collect family history information and
advise patients accordingly in new patient, family planning, well women/men and chronic disease
clinics, but little is known about their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards providing genetic
advice. [8] A possible approach for existing qualified nurses would be to provide training to enable
practice nurses to take detailed family history information that is then utilized by the GP to assess
risk and make referral decisions. [8] Ninety-six per cent of practice nurses reported that they
routinely collect family history information. [8] Table 1 shows that practice nurses frequently collect
family history information. [8]
Computerized templates to collect family history information and provide decision support for
management options could improve nurses' confidence and ability to manage patients' concerns
about family history more appropriately. [8] Alpay L, Russell A: Information technology training in
primary care: the nurses' voice. [2]
For doctors, use of a database such as MEDLINE was primarily associated with personal research
needs, while for nurses computer based resources such as the CINAHL database was primarily for
formal course work. [3] Nurses were also unsure how to proceed, with over a third of nurses
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referring patients to the GP even if they thought the patient was at population risk or, conversely,
not referring those that they thought were at considerably higher risk to the GP. There was a
reported need for education about familial disease in general and overall agreement that nurses
could play a role in genetics in primary care. [8] Tyler C, Hicks C: The occupational profile and
associated training needs of the nurse prescriber: an empirical study of family planning nurses. [2]
• Librarians and information professionals need to provide up-to-date good quality relevant
evidence for busy nurses in manageable amounts. [6] The aim of the survey was to find out current
information needs of all the nursing community, not only RCN members, so that we would have a
good evidence base from which to develop the RCN library and information services and play an
influencing role to improve nurses' access to information. [6] Dee C.R., Stanley E.E. Nurses'
information needs: nurses' and hospital librarians' perspective. [1]
O rganized in 1960, the Interagency Council on Information Resources in Nursing is

a voluntary group made up of agencies and organizations concerned with
providing library and informational resources for nursing and improving access to
library services for all nurses. [12] Nurse practitioners and their collaborating physician
partners in Nova Scotia were sent a survey in February 2005 to determine the frequency of use,
usefulness, accessibility, credibility, and current/timeliness of personal digital assistant (PDA),
computer, and print drug information resources. [2] Drug therapy information resources for NPs
and nurse prescribers have frequently been described as essential in supporting practice. [2]
Hall J, Cantrill J, Noyce P: The information sources used by community nurse prescribers. [2]
Such real-life examples provide a valuable feedback into training needs analysis for library and
information services, as well as showing graphically the actual search strategies that students adopt.
[3] It is evident that concerns regarding hereditary disease are often raised in practice and that
there is a need for further training for practice nurses in this increasing area of awareness. [8] It
also investigated what practice nurses think their role should be in relation to the delivery of
genetic services; their educational needs; and the most appropriate ways of delivering
training/support. [8]
Darbyshire P: "Rage against the machine?": nurses' and midwives experiences of using
computerized patient information systems for clinical information. [2] Research on nurses'
behaviours related to information seeking is available from the hospital setting but the
generalizability of these behaviours to NPs with a prescribing role is unclear. [2]
Developed by Huber and Delaney 1,2,3, nursing leaders in the United States, the USA NMMDS is a
research based data set that has the potential to support the diverse information needs of nurse
managers, executives and health care administrators. [26] In a literature review of rural health
practitioners, Dorsch has found that while the information needs and practices of rural health
practitioners are similar to their urban counterparts, the barriers to accessing information differ:
rural health professionals are thwarted by isolation, lack of services by local libraries, inadequate
information-seeking skills, and lack of Internet access that other health professionals do not
experience. [1] Few systematic, qualitative studies have been performed of information needs,
patterns of information use, information-seeking behaviors, or relationship between information
10 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
resources and current work processes among health department employees, particularly at the
local level. [1] To the authors' knowledge, qualitative methods have not been used to
comprehensively investigate the information needs and uses of local public health department
professionals. [1] Because such information is critical to the successful design of information
systems for public health professionals, this study addressed this gap by applying qualitative
methods to investigate critical information needs and uses at the local health department level. [1]
To design effective information systems for the practice of public health, librarians and
informaticians must clearly understand the information needs of local public health agencies and
understand how staff members use information in their daily work. [1]
Qualitative methods have been used successfully by researchers to investigate the information
needs of health care providers in clinical care settings. [1] This finding is consistent with studies
evaluating the information needs of rural health professionals and findings from the 2003 Turning
Point survey. [1] Dorsch J.L. Information needs of rural health professionals: a review of the
literature. [1] By improving the organization and access to pertinent up-to-date resources,
librarians can play a key role in helping meet the information needs of these local public health
professionals. [1] Electronic access to peer-reviewed biomedical literature is available through
MEDLINE (3); however, this resource meets only a portion of the public health practitioner s
information needs (4). [10] With an understanding of information needs, librarians can play an
important role in locating pertinent resources and improving the organization and access to public
health information. [1] Improving access to credible and relevant information for public health
professionals: a qualitative study of information needs in communicable disease control. [5]
The questionnaire assessed the types of information needed by the nurses, how they met these
needs, and the perceived relevance, availability and accessibility of the information sources. [28] A
study carried out in Canada in 1998 showed that nurses lagged behind other groups in terms of
workplace Internet access and use, and that only a very small proportion of them (1%) reported
using the Internet at work for more than 1 hour per week for practice information. 4 The authors
attribute this largely to the fact that, in many work environments, time taken to access the Internet
may be regarded as 'non-productive'. [6] Although access to the Internet was limited, nurses
indicated that they occasionally conducted Internet searches, primarily using the Google search
engine, to access information about which they had little knowledge. [1] Discuss search strategies
for Medline, CINAHL & internet for information on evidence-based nursing, services to nurses,
services to collaborative & interdisciplinary groups, and other aspects of nursing practice as
highlighted in the Magnet program. [24] Nurses.com was launched by VertMarkets, Inc. in April
1999 with three lofty goals: First, to become the leading source of clinical, professional,
pharmaceutical, product, and services information for nurses. [25] Almost all the nurses (94.0%)
searched for information in order to improve their knowledge, while only 28.5% reported
searching for information for patient care purposes. [28] Nurse informaticists manage and
communicate nursing data and information to improve decision making by consumers, patients,
nurses, and other healthcare providers. [4] This study also demonstrates that use of qualitative
methods can provide an in-depth understanding of the issues and challenges related to information
for nurses working in such settings. [1]
Several authors have conducted literature reviews to analyze the information needs of health
practitioners. [1] Numerous public health-related data and information resources are available on
the World-Wide Web (e.g., MEDLINE, MMWR, CDC Prevention Guidelines Database, and
Emerging Infectious Diseases ); however, little systematic work has been done to understand the
11 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
information needs of the public health workforce. [10] These data are based on interviews with
public health professionals in Washington only and may not represent the information needs in
other states. [10] Using a Web-based telephone survey to assess the information needs of public
health professionals. [5] In an effort to better understand the relationship between professional
training, experience, and information needs, participants were asked to describe their background
and training in public health, as well as the circumstances that brought them to the heath
department. [1] The following bibliography contains citations for materials on the information
needs and behaviors of public health professionals; a particular focus is on publications stemming
from National Library of Medicine public health outreach grants. [5] Revere D., Turner A.M.,
Madhaven A., Rambo N., Bugni P., Kimball A., Fuller S. Understanding the information needs of
public health professionals: a literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge
management system. [1] Rambo N., Dunham P. Information needs and uses of the public health
workforce—Washington, 1997–1998. [1] Lee P., Giuse N.B., Sathe N.A. Benchmarking information
needs and use in the Tennessee public health community. [1] In the future, these techniques can be
used to expand information needs research to other members of the public health workforce such
as environmental health specialists and policy makers. [1] Participants discussed individual projects
focusing on informal assessment of public health information needs but recognized the need for
more systematic research into the information needs of the local public health workforce. [1]
Chambers L.W., Haynes R.B., Pickering R., McKibbon A., Walker-Dilks C.J., Panton L., Goldblatt E.
New approaches to addressing information needs in local public health agencies. [1] Some public
health workforce groups were not interviewed (e.g., health educators, nutritionists, social workers,
and other outreach workers); therefore, the study probably underestimates the range and diversity
of information needs among public health workers. [10] Approximately one fourth of the
information needs identified in this study was shared by all segments of the Washington public
health workforce, but nearly half of the information needs was not shared by more than one
segment. [10] Meeting information needs in health policy and public health: priorities for the
National Library of Medicine and The National Network of Libraries of Medicine. [5] Given the
wide range of information needs, it is not surprising that employees often chose to search the
Internet using Google, rather than using bibliographic resources, such as PubMed. [1] Participants
Needed Computers, Software, and Internet Access Improved access to basic computer and Internet
technology typified another information need. [1] Respondents were also asked about their use of
sources for different types of information need ( Table 13 ). [6] Assessment of information needs in
public health in Germany: results of a nationwide survey. [5] Evaluating and addressing the
information needs of an urban public health department through an academic health sciences
library/health department partnership. [5] Photos of events: Information needs assessment of
Putnam County public health workers, information needs assessment of Orange County public
health workers, and Public Health Information Partners (PHIP) project team. [5] The potential for
research-based information in public health: identifying unrecognised information needs. BMC
Public Health, 1(1), 1. [5] Forsetlund L., Bjorndall A. The potential for research-based information
in public health: identifying unrecognized information needs. BMC Public Health. 2001; 1 :1. [1]
Reaching out to a diverse population: assessing the information needs of faculty in a School of
Public Health. [5] Evidence based information needs of public health staff in Regina, Saskatchewan.
[5] Meeting information needs in health policy and public health: roles for the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. [5] Information needs in public health and health policy: results of recent
studies. [5] O'Carroll P.W., Cahn M.A., Auston I., Selden C.R. Information needs in public health
and health policy: results of recent studies. [1] This report summarizes the results of those
discussions, which indicate that different segments of the public health workforce have different
12 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
information needs. [10]
Public health practice spans numerous health, environmental, and social science disciplines;
therefore, public health practitioners need access to diverse and complex information and data
from multiple sources. [10] Public health professionals and their librarian colleagues are obligated
to select information tools and resources that fit a particular user's need in the context of a
particular point in time, for a specific topic or issue, in a variable work environment. [1] Aims: To
find out about the nursing community's needs in the following areas: information or knowledge to
improve practice in the clinical area; information to support lifelong learning and formal study. [6]
Covell D.G., Uman G.C., Manning P.R. Information needs in office practice: are they being met. [1]
In addition to diverse information needs, these findings may reflect differences in training,
experience, and professional culture. [10] Information needs differed greatly depending on the
respondent's position and professional role in the department. [1] Sweetking-Singer, J., & Williams,
M. Supporting the information needs of GIS users in an academic library. [5] Osheroff J.A.,
Forsythe D.E., Buchanan B.G., Bankowitz R.A., Blumfield B.H., Miller R.A. Physicians' information
needs: analysis of questions posed during clinical teaching. [1] Interviewees reported that this need
for pertinent clinical information was felt most acutely during patient visits. [1] Several surveys
have been conducted to investigate the information technology needs of, and use by, local health
department personnel. [1] Local health department information technology assessment: survey of
current capabilities and perceived needs. [5]
Meeting the need? Paper presented at the Accessing Useful Information: Challenges in Health
Policy and Public Health, New York. [5]
The vision of its 1999 information strategy was to create access to information wherever and
whenever needed, offering equity of service across the UK. Since 1999 there have been many
changes in nurses' access to information with more information available electronically, more
information available from other organizations and, most crucially of all, more nurses having access
to the Internet. [6] • Nurses require a blended service, with physical resources and support from
people, as well as online information. [6] • Librarians and information professionals have an
influencing role to play in ensuring that nurses have access to appropriate information. [6] The
variety in the types of information needed is matched by the diversity of the public health
workforce itself that includes agency directors, environmental health scientists, epidemiologists
and health assessment specialists, health educators, health officers, laboratorians, nurses,
nutritionists, sanitarians, social workers, and outreach workers. [10] Many of the nurses in a study
of community nurses in the Western Isles of Scotland, UK felt they lacked the time to search for
information and did not view it as an essential part of their job. [6] Clinic nurses wanted
standardized charting forms or charting templates to take with them for home visits, while school
nurses desired easy access to health education standards, lesson plans, information on health
interventions, and information on better communication with parents and teenagers. [1]
In order to understand the differing perceptions of information needs and communication patterns
of healthcare professionals as they relate to medical errors, we conducted a survey and 5 focus
group sessions of inpatient physicians and nurses. [30] Nursing2007 Critical Care: The Journal of
Critical Care Excellence addresses the information needs of the busy critical care nurse. [14]
Although nurses and physicians stated differing information needs, both groups expressed
significant problems with obtaining patient, domain and institution-specific information in a timely
manner. [30] Distributed 2,000 print surveys to school nurses to identify their health information
13 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
needs. Partnered with state school nurse supervisors to aid in the timely delivery of surveys. [32]
There is a compelling need to train nurses in information discovery, to highlight critical resources
and provide services to facilitate the research process. [32] The RCN undertook an online survey of
nurses to find out the extent of their awareness of the current developments in Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT's) in the NHS. It also sought nurses' views on the importance
and potential beliefs of ICT applications in the NHS and their training and support needs. [18] RN
also offers information on health, stress management, and family life, keyed to nurses' particular
needs, making it a truly comprehensive publication. [14]
Information needs of Connecticut, USA school nurses: assessment and resource implementation.
[32] Determine the information needs of the school nurse population in Connecticut, USA. Develop
a strategy of information delivery and training opportunities targeted for school nurses. [32]
The health department director, a nurse by training, expressed the need for
community health data and basic, user-friendly statistical tracking software for
monitoring health at the county level. [1] One clinic nurse described how frustrated she was
with the need for registered access and passwords, so she abandoned her search for journal articles
through the Ovid database in favor of using Google ( Table 2 ). [1] Third, to provide a way for nurses
to efficiently reach suppliers who meet their needs for products and services. [25] The nurses
identified a need for better computerized systems to track and monitor patients. [1] Due to varying
needs, job requirements, and educational background, these results might not be applicable to
other local health department employees besides nurses, such as environmental health specialists
(e.g., sanitarians) and clerical staff. [1] Hundreds of thousands of job openings will result from the
need to replace experienced nurses who leave the occupation. [4]
Learn efficient methods for finding resources for evidence-based nursing practice via the Internet,
CINAHL and MEDLINE. Use what you learn to identify collaborative education and service
strategies to improve knowledge-based information services for nurses and nursing students in
your organization. [24] An early qualitative study of Canadian nurses in a medical/haematology unit
found that there was little opportunity or encouragement for nurses to use research material on the
job, and that the workload measurement system did not include information seeking as a nursing
task. [6]
Cultural attitudes have as much impact on nurses' access to information as physical access to IT.
This is more difficult to resolve. [6] Participants Needed Easy Access to Pertinent, Up-to-Date
Information Resources on a Broad Range of Subjects Clinic nurses desired better access to primary
care nursing information, as well as a wide range of more specific medical topics. [1] Although the
nurses shared common professional training, the activities and tasks involved with their position
dictated the information resources they used at work ( Table 1 ). [1]
Lack of Internet access is a significant barrier to use of information resources, and information
tools tailored to meet the needs diverse public health nursing roles and facilitate information
sharing among colleagues are needed. [1] To identify these needs and patterns of use and to set
priorities for developing new online public health information resources, the University of
Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine (UW SPHCM) and the Washington
14 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
State Department of Health (WSDoH) held structured and facilitated discussions with segments of
the local public health workforce in Washington during 1997-1998. [10]
Identify collaborative services strategies and education opportunities to improve knowledge-based

information services and evidence-based practice for nurses in clinical and academic settings. 3.
[24] Summation: Collaborative education and service strategies for the library to offer to improve
knowledge-based information services to nurses in clinical and academic settings. (Lecture: 5
mins.) 12. [24]
Hall J., Cantrill J., Noyce P. The information sources used by community nurse prescribers. [1]
There is very high demand for value-added information services that help nurses find good quality,
up-to-date, relevant evidence in manageable amounts. [6] Eight of the 35 studies looked at
information needs as perceived by health workers, patients and family/community members; 14
studies assessed the knowledge of health workers; and 8 looked at health care practice. [34]
Information needs or "wants" may include (1) recognition by health care providers of their own
knowledge deficits and (2) identification by health workers of what they consider would be useful
to improve their practice. [34]
It is highly appropriate to assess local information needs within the broader context of local
epidemiology and health care services. [34] Understanding the local disease patterns is a major
prerequisite to formulating appropriate strategies towards meeting the information needs of health
care providers. [34] Sakti GM, Boldy DP: Aged care in Indonesia: information needs of health care
professionals in community health centers. [34] The purpose of this review is to provide
preliminary information about the information needs of health care providers in developing
countries and to highlight ways to address the issue. [34] In the last decade, some important steps
have been made towards meeting the information needs of the "upper" echelons of health
professions (research and tertiary care), but remarkably little progress has been achieved in
meeting the information needs of primary and district health care providers in the developing
world. [34] The Report of the International Collaboration on Information Use in Cardiovascular
Health Promotion in Developing Countries pointed out that "before information technology can be
used as an effective tool for promoting cardiovascular disease prevention, the information needs
must be considered". [34] There is a need for further information on this, distinguishing between (1)
reference materials at the point of patient care (i.e. on the health worker's desk, or carried by
health workers during their daily work), and (2) learning materials that health workers may use to
update knowledge. [34] It is therefore emphasized that practical guidelines by experts in the field
need to be developed with the active participation of end users, especially primary health care
professionals and there should be a better understanding of local needs. Thus, practical health care
information should be user-driven, easy to use and accessible at the point of care. [34]
Qualitative methods are particularly important in assessing information needs, and are particularly
useful for assessing needs as perceived by health care providers. [34] By contrast, personnel in
health centres have different information needs. One particular study in primary care health
centres in rural Uganda found that the few books donated to the facilities were too technical,
contained inappropriate content and were generally irrelevant to the local needs. As one doctor put
it ". [34] Eight of the 35 studies looked at information needs as perceived by health workers,
patients and family/community members. [34] Explicit knowledge from research studies is unlikely
to lead us to a "complete understanding" of information needs. Our understanding of changing
needs can be strengthened by "continuous information needs assessment" for example, by
15 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
capturing tacit knowledge through email communities among specific health groups. [34]
Information needs of health workers in developing countries are varied and are constantly under
the influence of multiple factors professional, institutional, cultural and infrastructural. [34] This
review provides a preliminary glimpse of the journal literature on the information needs of health
workers in developing countries (with a special focus on Africa), and ways in which information
needs can be assessed. [34] Every individual health worker has unique information needs.
Furthermore, a health worker's perceived and actual needs change with time, place and clinical
caseload. [34] Pakenham-Walsh N, Priestley C, Smith R: Meeting the information needs of health
workers in developing countries. [34] No single method is ideal in evaluating health information
needs. A snapshot of the published literature highlights progress, challenges and opportunities. [34]
The aim of the report was to find out the current information needs of all the nursing community,
not just RCN members, and including access to computers, the Internet, and other sources of
information. [18] The USA NMMDS includes core essential data needed to support the
administrative and management information needs for the provision of nursing care. [26]
There appears to be a need for research to investigate the contribution of lack of knowledge or lack
of information as a contributing factor to individual preventable deaths, especially where such
deaths are caused by failures of health care. [34] This paper provides the first phase of a broader
literature review of the information and learning needs of health care providers in developing
countries. [34] A mechanism for doing this is provided by two email groups that are specifically
focused on the information and learning needs of health care providers: HIFA2015 and
CHILD2015 http://www.dgroups.org/groups/HIFA2015/ webcite. [34] I feel professionally
insecure without these materials") suggests a real need to investigate further the link between lack
of information and feelings of professional isolation and general dissatisfaction among rural health
workers. [34] The information and learning needs of family caregivers and primary and district
health workers have been ignored for too long. [34] This disparity in infrastructure limits the ability
of health workers to take full advantage of information technologies in meeting their information
and learning needs. [34]
This two-day course provides practical training in crisis communication techniques, and will focus
on the role of public information in incident management, the information needs of the public in a
crisis, and the various means of effectively communicating through the news media. [35] Survey
questions provided data on current information-seeking strategies, barriers to information access,
and future information needs, as well as demographic questions. [32] An earlier study, again in The
Lancet, noted: "Much more research needs to be aimed at identifying information needs in
less-developed countries. [34] Decidedly non-clinical, the Library exists to meet the research and
information needs of the association's programmatic activities. [24] This report communicates the
key results from the Information Needs Analysis (INA) conducted by RCN Library and Information
Services with a wide range of RCN learning and information colleagues from across the UK,
including Learning Representative leads and Learning Representatives. [18] An informal review in
The Lancet, and its accompanying comment from WHO staff, provide an overview that attempts to
highlight the importance of meeting information needs, particularly at primary and district levels;
the importance of local relevance and usability of information in addition to its reliability; and the
advantages of "pull" approaches to meeting information needs, as compared with the prevalent
model of industrialized countries' "pushing" information onto developing countries. [34]
Assessment of information needs requires a mix of quantitative and qualitative research. [34] Our
studies suggest that information needs and communication difficulties are common and can lead to
medical errors or near misses. [30]
16 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Receiving health information through a physician or nurse was found to be a protective factor for
diabetic complications as compared to mass media and health news." [34] The American Journal of
Nursing Magazine is the premier professional journal for today's nurse, providing comprehensive
and in-depth information to help nurses stay current in their profession. [14] Nursing 2007 is an
award-winning how-to journal created to provide practical, hands-on information to nurses. [14]
This document from the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) emphasises the importance of
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and e-Health in the role of the nurse. [18] The
document provides information on how nurses can extend their ICT skills and be more involved in
ICT processes. [18] Wherever nurses care for patients--the ICU, CCU, cath lab, PACU, telemetry,
progressive, or transitional care--each bimonthly issue of Nursing2006 Critical Care offers vital
information on topics that boost readers' assessment and intervention skills to the next level. [14]
RN is a leading magazine among registered nurses and the premier source of clinical information.
[14] This study highlights the barriers school nurses face in finding and accessing information for
use in daily practice. [32]
Articles such as An Update on the New NCLEX Format, and The Latest News on SARS provide
nursing students with information and advice they need while they pursue their degree. [14]
Nursing needs for information not only influence their adoption of particular technologies but also
shape their design. [37] Basing information provision on perceived needs is important, not least
because it is more likely that information provided in response to expressed needs ("pulled"
information) is more likely to be put into practice than information that is "pushed". [34] This could
be a dramatically effective advocacy tool to promote the importance of meeting information and
learning needs. [34] Contributing to a clear global objective: Understanding the information and
learning needs is recognized as fundamental to the global initiative, Healthcare Information For All
by 2015 http://www.hifa2015.org webcite. [34]
This document describes the short-term easing of the shortage, looks at the current and future
need for nurses, and offers advice for new nursing school graduates. [20] This policy emphasis is
needed to adequately address the growing need for faculty and nurses to serve in primary care and
other advanced practice roles. [20] This professional, contemporary journal serves the educational
and communication needs of nurses in a particularly demanding field. [14] Findings indicate that
nurses do not feel sufficiently informed about or consulted on NHS IT developments and a large
majority highlighted the importance of and need for training. [18] The 2007 State of America's
Hospitals - Taking the Pulse According to a report released by the American Hospital Association
in July 2007, U.S. hospitals need approximately 116,000 registered nurses (RNs) to fill vacant
positions nationwide. [20] Advanced practice nurses rely on this timely journal to stay informed on
important breakthroughs in pharmacologic treatments; physiologic, psychologic, and social patient
needs; management of dysrhythmials; outcomes research; and much more. [14] This first-
of-its-kind journal addresses the needs of the advanced practice nurse for today's complex,
sophisticated ED challenges. [14]
Work with information standards organizations and nurse leaders/managers in diverse healthcare
organizations in order to: standardize the coding of NMMDS elements, include NMMDS elements
in healthcare information systems, and further develop best practices with appropriate
benchmarks. [26] Demonstrate that school nurses lack access to current and appropriate healthcare
information resources. [32]
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POSSIBLY USEFUL
Section Contents:
The overall conclusion from the pilot data are that CPG Viewer was used by about half of potential users
during the context of clinical care, and users reported success in finding the information sought over half of
the time.(More...)
Respondents reported print, health professionals, and online/electronic resources as the most to least
preferred means to access drug information, respectively. 37% and 35% of respondents reported using "both
print and electronic but print more than electronic" and "print only", respectively, to search monograph-
related drug information queries whereas 4% reported using "PDA only".(More...)
We decided to use a hard-copy questionnaire to ensure that we reached the whole target audience, not just
those health care professionals with good access to information technology and the skills and confidence to
use it.(More...)
Availability of health information provides confidence in clinical decision-making, improves practical skills and
attitude to care and alleviates professional isolation, yet this resource remains invisible in the complex health
care systems.(More...)
The overall conclusion from the pilot data are that CPG Viewer was used by
about half of potential users during the context of clinical care, and users
reported success in finding the information sought over half of the time. [3]
Sources of information most frequently used were colleagues, articles in newspapers and
magazines, books, and papers in professional journals, in that order. [4] The quality of sources
of information available to the user is also important because relevant sources are most likely
to beget useful information. [1] In the three false positive cases, the user indicated
information was found but the document expert felt the information sought was not available
in the search session; the reason for the disagreement is unclear. [3] Other factors are the
socio-political, economic, legal and regulatory systems surrounding the user, as well as the
consequences of information use. [1] Repeat use tended to be higher among those who were
successful in finding information compared to those who were not, however the sample size
was too small to draw any confident conclusions. [3]
In the three false negative cases the user indicated the information was not found when the
document expert felt the information was in the documents accessed. [3] Table 2 illustrates
agreement between users and the CPG document expert with respect to document
information content. [3] Search Behavior Information (Mandatory): Search type; Queries
made (“search strings”); How many documents have been returned in a query; Which
document has been opened and its position in the query results list; For how long the
document was viewed (opened). [3]
Seminars, workshops and conferences, and video, slide, and tape programs were the most
popular potential sources of information. [4]
Nurses constitute the majority of a hospital's clinical employees, and they are also the most
frequently consulted resource persons in the health care system. [1] Nurses are responsible
18 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
for not only implementing physicians and surgeons' clinical orders or prescriptions, but also
for maintaining a constant surveillance over their patients' health. [1]
The pilot study was conducted in three inpatient acute care units: a) A 46-bed medical unit at
a tertiary hospital (LDS Hospital), with 44 nurses; b) The 39-bed Medical/Surgical
Intermediate Care Unit at a secondary hospital (McKay-Dee Hospital), with 54 nurses; and c)
A 22-bed rural hospital (Heber Valley Medical Center), with 28 nurses. [3] Hospital nurses
are responsible for coordinating all care activities for patients in their care. [1]
Nurses from these three sites were trained to use the CPG Viewer to search and browse the
CPG documents. [3] Along with the most recently trained nurses, they made more significant
use of certain library-related products and services. [4] It is concluded that library provision
and use can be improved only by co-operation between nurses, students, educators, librarians
and managers. [5] A brief comparison is made with the perceptions that librarians have of
nurses information-seeking activity followed by a more detailed discussion of the ways that
librarians consider that nurses use of libraries could be improved. [5] METHODS:
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a
local health department in rural Oregon. [2] RESULTS: Public health nurses performed a
wide variety of roles and associated tasks. [2] The monitoring data allow us an unprecedented
opportunity to investigate the information- seeking behavior of bedside nurses and provide
developers with feedback necessary to improve the usefulness of the tool. [3] Fifteen (53.6%)
out of 28 nurses who completed the questionnaire used the Viewer again during the pilot
study ( Table 1 ). [3] Out of the 126 potential users, 60 nurses, or 47.6%, used the CPG Viewer
during this period, resulting in 178 information-seeking sessions. [3]
Users indicated that the needed information was found in 31 (57.4%) questionnaires and was
not found in 23 (42.6%) questionnaires. [3] Information could be defined in terms of tools,
processes or knowledge (Bates, 2002). [1]
Nurses and other clinicians can search and browse the CPG collection using an intuitive
web-based tool called “ CPG Viewer ”. [3] Twenty three (38.3%) nurses used the CPG Viewer
only once, 14 (23.3%) nurses used the tool twice, 20 (33.3%) used it between 3 and 8 times,
and 3 (5%) used it relatively frequently (from 11 to 13 times). [3] Review Internet-based
information-seeking behaviour amongst doctors and nurses: a short review of the literature.
[3] Formal training of nurses started in Nigeria in 1957 at the University College Ibadan before
its transformation to University of Ibadan in 1962. [1]
Librarians and informaticians can assist by addressing these needs and improving the
organization of content and interface design for commonly used websites. [2] Each document
group follows a specific template, and the main sections of these templates are items like “
tasks ”, “ goals ”, “ documentation needs ”, “ risk factors ”, “ symptoms ”, “ laboratory and
diagnostic findings ”, and “ literature references ”. [3]
The monitoring data collected during the information-seeking session were used in
conjunction with the questionnaire answers to further understand the information seeking
behaviors. [3] Information sources are efficient if they provide relevant, useful, specific and
accurate information that could help users solve their problems. [1]
19 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
For the general public, patients, and health professionals, there is consumer-oriented
information on a wide range of topics as well as comprehensive descriptions of research
programs and clinical trials. [16] The National Cancer Institute coordinates the National
Cancer Program, which conducts and supports research, training, health information
dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of cancer, rehabilitation from cancer, and the continuing care of cancer patients
and the families of cancer patients. [16]
Health & Wellness Resource Center from Gale is a comprehensive resource for libraries,
schools, and hospitals that provides integrated access to medical, statistical, health, and
related information. [16] Our own survey shows that if health practitioners have access to
information they will use it to bring about change." [9] Electronic access to research
information for health professionals is a key component in developing evidence-based
healthcare. [10] Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program maintains a
comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site that includes access to
resources produced by TEHIP and by other government agencies and organizations. [16]
Since 1997, healthfinder.gov has been recognized as a key resource for finding the best
government and nonprofit health and human services information on the Internet.
healthfinder.gov links to carefully selected information and Web sites from over 1,500 health-
related organizations. [16] MedlinePlus also has extensive information about drugs, an
illustrated medical encyclopedia, interactive patient tutorials, and latest health news. [16]
NOAH (New York Online Access to Health) provides access to high quality consumer health
information in English and Spanish. [16] The Health & Wellness Resource Center features a
fully updated, intuitive interface -- providing multiple pathways to key information. [16]
Authoritative health information developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services together with other Federal agencies. [16] IBIDS is a collaboration between two U.S.
government agencies: the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health,
and the Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC) of the United States Department of
Agriculture's (USDA) National Agricultural Library (NAL). [16]
Librarians and health professionals in New York and beyond find, select, and organize
full-text consumer health information that is current, relevant, accurate and unbiased. [16]
Neil Pakenham-Walsh, Coordinator of the HIFA2015 campaign said: "HIFA2015 is raising
awareness of this vital issue, thereby improving the provision of health information, and
improving health outcomes. [9] Cathy Warwick, General Secretary of the Royal College of
Midwives (UK) said: "Information gives midwives and other health workers power; the
power to stop women and babies dying needlessly. [9] MedlinePlus brings together
authoritative information from NLM, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other
government agencies and health-related organizations. [16]
Jackie Cheeseborough, Learning Development Manager for Information Knowledge

Management at the Royal College of Nursing of the UK added: "Good quality, up to date,
relevant evidence is essential for improving patient care, and that is why the RCN is giving its
full support to this important campaign. [9] JSTOR uses cookies to maintain information that
will enable access to the archive and improve the response time and performance of the
system. [39] The International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS)
database provides access to bibliographic citations and abstracts from published,
international, and scientific literature on dietary supplements. [16]
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It offers a varied selection of resources and focused topics in medicine and drug-related
information, with links to individual resources with drug information and summaries tailored
to various audiences. [16] The Drug Information Portal is a gateway to current and accurate
drug information from the National Library of Medicine and to other key government
agencies. [16]
Any personal information, other than what is voluntarily submitted, is not extracted in this
process, and we do not use cookies to identify what other websites or pages you have visited.
[39] Results of the data collection will be analyzed to develop a strategy of information
delivery and potential training opportunities. [7] The National Cancer Institute provides
valuable cancer-related information of all kinds on their website. [16] Scientists will find
detailed information on specific areas of research interest. [16]
The method used was participant observation of three groups of nurse specialists from
multiple health care providers who met over time to construct evidence-based consensus
recommendations for practice. [8] Five articles addressed the issue of educating and training
nurses to specialize in the care of urology patients, the th most recent of which used a D l hi
study t d t t t f hi h d Delphi t d to determine th procedure competencies and j b f i the d t i d
job functions ti these nurses specialists require, such as removing sutures/staples and bladder
irrigation (Ream et al., 2009). [6]
The collaboration between the World Health Organization, HIFA2015 and our partners will
improve access and exchange of high quality, evidence-based and appropriate knowledge for
nurses and midwives worldwide. [9] Elaine Gustafson - Consultant to YSN and Department of
Education in Connecticut regarding activities of school nurses; active member of the
Technical Assistance and Training Committee of the National Assembly of School based
Health Care. [7] Of these, eight articles provided continuing education activities for urology
nurses on topics such as prostatitis (Lovejoy, 2001), male infertility (Graf, 2004), urinary
calculi (Yancey, 2005), and bladder training (Lajiness et al., 2007). [6] Available from:
http://tinyurl.com/34h7xpc or http://www.oxfordradcliffe.nhs.uk/forclinicians/referrals
/renal/urology/urology.aspx Ream E, Wilson-Barnett J, Faithfull S, Fincham L, Khoo V,
Richardson A. Working patterns and perceived contribution of prostate cancer clinical nurse
specialists: a mixed method investigation. [6] As nurses take on extended roles and work
more autonomously, it is assumed that they will take increasing advantage of these
technologies. [10]
Respondents reported print, health professionals, and online/electronic

resources as the most to least preferred means to access drug information,
respectively. 37% and 35% of respondents reported using "both print and
electronic but print more than electronic" and "print only", respectively, to
search monograph-related drug information queries whereas 4% reported
using "PDA only". [11] Of all resources within the print, online/electronic, and health
professionals or other categories, NPs and physicians rated the Compendium of
Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS) and pharmacists as the top two most frequently used
resources for providing drug and therapeutic information. [11] Respondents indicated that
21 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
print resources (mean 4.56, SD 0.80), health professionals (mean 3.26, SD 0.90), and
online/electronic resources (mean 2.70, SD 1.20) were the preferred method (1 least
preferred to 5 most preferred) for accessing drug information. [11] The CPS, is described as
"the Canadian drug reference for health professionals" and is intended to provide a central
source of drug information on drug products available in Canada. [11] Academic detailing is a
form of continuing medical education where a trained health professional visits prescribers
for a fifteen to twenty minute session to provide objective information regarding a
therapeutic topic based on best available evidence. [11] Renowned heart surgeon Dr. Michael
E. DeBakey encouraged the development of a resource for consumers: "Not only health
professionals, but also consumers, should have the most recent medical information at their
fingertips" ( National Library of Medicine, October 22, 1998 ). [20] Reliance on other health
professionals, especially pharmacists and physicians, as a resource for information was
evident from our study and concurs with the findings of others. [11] This pattern of use can be
expected to grow, calling upon health professionals to be aware of what health information
the Internet has to offer. [20] Factors such as gender, age, practitioner type (NP vs physician),
accessibility, technical support, Internet connection speed, patient volume, presence of an
EPR, and home computer use were examined to determine if they were associated with the
use of a work computer to search for drug information at the point of care. [11] Variables that
have been described by others as barriers such as accessibility, high speed internet access,
patient volume, age, practitioner type, and technology support did not appear to influence
computer searching for information on drugs or therapeutics related to patient care in our
results. [11]
Keeping current with drug therapy information is challenging for health care practitioners.
[11]
MedlinePlus belongs on the core list of Web sites used by health professionals in directing
their patients or clients to quality information. [20] The increased availability of high-speed
Internet access and users with more online experience contribute to the increased interest in
seeking out online health information. [20] HIFA2015 is currently supported by the British
Medical Association, International Child Health Group (Royal College of Paediatrics and
Child Health), Network for Information and Digital Access, Royal College of Midwives, Royal
College of Nursing, and TRIP Database. [18] Health Topic content includes a link to a
pre-formatted PubMed/MEDLINE search for those users seeking more research-oriented
information. [20]
The role of NPs is relatively new in Canada and there is limited information available to
indicate the type of resources (e.g. print, electronic, EPR based) these prescribers use for
drug and therapeutic information queries at the point of care. [11] Approximately 50% of
computer survey respondents reported using their work computers for searching drug or
therapeutic information related to patient care. [11] Thirty-seven percent of respondents
reported that searching for specific questions related to drug information (e.g. usual dosage,
duration of therapy) was conducted using both print and electronic resources (but print use
greater than electronic) (Table 2 ). [11]
Respondents indicated other resources and programs, such as clinical calculators, that they
would like to access from their computer or PDA. The top three resources that were desired
included Canadian clinical practice guidelines, patient education information, and ability to
22 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
track clinical activities/statistics. [11] In our study, printed materials (e.g. compendia, journals,
textbook resources) and professionals (e.g. pharmacists) were the most preferred and
frequently used means to access information. [11] Producing an information leaflet to help
patients access high quality drug information on the Internet: A local study. [20]
Healthcare Information For All by 2015 (HIFA2015) is a global network of more than 3000
health professionals, producers of reference and learning materials, librarians, technologists,
researchers, and policymakers. [18] MedlinePlus: The National Library of Medicine brings
quality information to health consumers. [20] Godlee F, Pakenham-Walsh N, Ncayiyana D,
Cohen B, Packer A. Can we achieve health information for all by 2015? Lancet
2004;364(9430):295-300 Accessed March 27, 2010. [18] In November 2009 the Global
Healthcare Information Network and ePORTUGUESe (World Health Organization) launched
a Portuguese-speaking version of HIFA2015. [18] In 2003, NLM launched a pilot Health
Information Rx (information prescription) program in conjunction with the American College
of Physicians Foundation. [20] HIFA2015 was formally launched in October 2006 at the 10th
Congress of the Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa, in Mombasa,
Kenya. [18]
Cullen RJ: In search of evidence: family practitioners' use of the Internet for clinical
information. [11] A critical incident questionnaire was sent once a week for four weeks to the
sample (just under 300 medical staff (hospital staff and general practitioners) at 11 sites)
asking, for one incident in the previous week, the purposes for which information was sought,
the sources used, and the degree of success obtained. [14] Research results from a previous
investigation of Nova Scotian physicians' behaviours regarding drug information were also
used to further revise the survey. [11] Vignettes may also be used to present data analysis, an
example in the information studies field being the narrative "week in the life of" a social
services department in Project INISS ( Wilson & Streatfield, 1980 ).The aim is to condense the
mass of textual information into a meaningful display which should fulfil several functions,
but notably one of allowing the reader an insight into how the data was analysed in a
particular research context. [14]
Respondent ratings of resources and preferences for resource use were consistent with
self-reported means of conducting searches for specific drug information queries. [11] Zeitlyn,
D., David, M., Bex, J. (1999) Knowledge lost in information: patterns of use and non-use of
networked bibliographic resources. [14] Facilitators to the use of PDAs mainly included
convenience factors such as having resources all in one place, faster means to get information,
and portability. [11] The preferred means (i.e. print) to access resources was consistent with
the most common means of conducting searches for specific drug information queries. [11]
McCreadie SR, Stevenson JG, Sweet BV, Kramer M: Using personal digital assistants to access
drug information. [11]
We may obtain information, in the form of the output of a database search, but the actual
impact or use in practice may be hard to assess, as the actual use may be some time in the
future. [14] The program includes providing physicians customized prescription pads that
they can use to direct patients to quality information in MedlinePlus. [20] Andrews JE, Pearce
KA, Sydney C, Ireson C, Love M: Current state of information technology use in a U.S.
primary care practice-based research network. [11] Although NP use of industry
representatives as a source of pharmacological information has been documented, the
23 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
influence on prescribing is largely uninvestigated. [11] Pharmaceutical industry

representatives were used as a source of drug information by 85% and 86% of physicians and
NPs, respectively (Table 5 ). [11] Those who had never used a PDA for drug information were
instructed to complete the computer version of the survey. [11] Of the 24 specified categories
of drug information included in the survey, the majority were reported as infrequently
searched and a smaller percentage as never searched by respondents (data not shown). [11]
Respondents' preferences and resource ratings were consistent with self-reported methods
for conducting drug information queries. [11] This should include a working understanding of
the resources available through MedlinePlus to increase the likelihood that consumers will
find the best information available. [20]
After exclusion of traditional health professionals (i.e. physicians, nurses, pharmacists, allied
health) in the health professionals and other category, pharmaceutical industry
representatives received rankings for second or third for frequency of use, usefulness,
accessibility, credibility, and current/timeliness, based on means and number of respondents
using this resource (data not shown). [11] Community health nurses (CHNs) provide direct
nursing care to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) clients in their homes and in
community settings such as clinics, long-term care facilities, and hospice facilities. [40] The
Cochrane Library is available to the health professionals (e.g. nurses, physicians, pharmacists,
occupational therapists, physiotherapists, etc.) in our sample through professional bodies via
the Atlantic Health Knowledge Partnership. [11] A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was
conducted of all practices nurses in four Health Authorities in England (Oxfordshire,
Northamptonshire, Nottingham and North Nottingham) and one Health Board in Scotland
(Lothian). [17] Banning M: Conceptions of evidence, evidence-based medicine,
evidence-based practice and their use in nursing: independent nurse prescribers' views. [11]
Dumas JA, Dietz EO, Connolly PM: Nurse practitioner use of computer technologies in
practice. [11] Broad search terms were used without limits on publication date or place as
nurse practitioner titles, roles and scopes of practice, and terminology regarding technology
vary nationally and internationally. [11] Competencies for nurse practitioners (NPs) on a local
and international level include critically appraising and applying literature and research
findings in practice. [11] A survey of a primary care practice-based research network in the
U.S. that included physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners, revealed that
interpersonal and rapidly accessed print resources were preferred. [11] The survey aimed to
measure the current situation with regard to: the prevalence of family history recording by
primary care nurses; confidence in collecting and acting upon family history; and practice
nurses' knowledge about familial disorders and genetics, using case scenarios. [17] More
innovative strategies, such as guidelines implemented through educational visits to the
practice or computer decision support, may be required to bridge the knowledge gap and
support primary care nurses to deliver high quality genetic advice. [17] The Canadian Nurses
Association (CNA) has developed the Canadian Nurse Practitioner Core Competency
Framework that describes the knowledge, skills, judgment, and attributes required for
practice. [11] Charles PA, Mamary EM: New choices for continuing education: a statewide
survey of the practices and preferences of nurse practitioners. [11] Stratified sampling, with
proportional allocation, will be applied to survey 995 baccalaureate-degree nurses working at
90 public hospitals, drawn from 56,323 target nurses working at 834 target hospitals
throughout Thailand. [13]
Each member works independently to improve the availability and use of healthcare
24 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
information in low- and middle-income countries. [18] The linkages work in the other
direction as well, providing a means for a user of this professional literature to be directed to
background information on a particular condition found through MedlinePlus. [20]
Information retrieval research has also used the "script" concept in development of the user
interface. [14] The scripts are construed as a pattern of moves, or "abstract" dialogues, the
purpose of this research being the production of a better interactive information retrieval
system which will respond appropriately to the stage the user is at in the search. [14]
Interactive tutorials (over 165 slideshows with sound and pictures) provide information
accessible by low literacy users. [20]
The EPR component of the SPCI project evaluation provided information on the use of
technologies in the community context. [11] The principles of object oriented analysis are
outlined, noting the emphasis on obtaining the "storyline" or "scripts" for information
requirements analysis through use cases and CRC cards. [14] Critical incidents, to some extent,
represent information use "stories" which are complete or near complete. [14]
Vidal L, Shavit M, Fraser A, Paul M, Leibovici L: Systematic comparison of four sources of

drug information regarding adjustment of dose for renal function. [11] Prominent link to
ClinicalTrials.gov for those seeking information on drug studies and treatments and to
Surgery Videos showing captured Webcasts of specific surgical procedures. [20] Clauson KA,
Seamon MJ, Clauson AS, Van TB: Evaluation of drug information databases for personal
digital assistants. [11] Mean frequency of specific drug information queries searched on a
weekly basis (frequently 1, infrequently 2, never 3). [11] Information related to diagnosis is
important to both groups but drug therapy queries may occur more frequently with NPs. [11]
Because a significant number of all MedlinePlus searches were for drug information, NLM
also licensed information from American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), the
United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and Natural Standard. [20]
The purpose of this study was to determine the current utilization patterns of information
technologies by these groups of practitioners. [11] Davies, R., Urquhart, C.J., Smith, J.,
Massiter, C. and Hepworth, J.B.(1997) Establishing the value of information to nursing
continuing education: report of the EVINCE project. [14] Urquhart, C.J.(1999) Models of
information value based on reliability and risk for clinical decision making. [14] The
respondents also felt that they should be able to provide accurate information, complete a
basic risk assessment and refer on to the GP if necessary, increase awareness about cancer
and relevant symptoms and provide reassurance and lifestyle advice. [17] The problem is that
of co-ordination and Spink (2000) emphasises the importance of the information feedback
loop as the basis of human information co-ordinating behaviour. [14] Information Rx Project:
A joint project of the ACP Foundation and the National Library of Medicine. [20] Article from:
African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science Article date: April 1, 2009
Author: Copyright COPYRIGHT 2008 African Journal of Library, Archives and Information
Science. [15]
Since 2004, the CPS has included an alert box in the overdose section of monographs
notifying users to contact Poison Control Centres for overdose management information. [11]
Similar aims appear to have led to the inclusion of a simulated work task situation as one of
the sub-components investigated for an interactive information retrieval framework by
Borlund (2000). [14] We do not have demographics or information regarding the reasons why
25 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
survey recipients did not respond. [11] Conventional systems analysis of the hard structured
type (for example SSADM, Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology) approaches
information requirements analysis with the aim of providing three views of the data. [14]
Various barriers and facilitators to accessing information online/electronically or via the
Internet have been described in the literature. [11] In 1986, Haynes et al. published a series of
6 articles entitled "how to keep up with the medical literature" in an effort to help clinicians
with information management, but this challenge has not decreased in last two decades. [11]
Visitors to the site sought information on specific conditions, wanted it to be easy to
understand, and available as full-text at the site. [20] The proportion of respondents that
routinely obtain family history details in different clinics, and the proportion who collect
family history information for specific conditions are shown in Table 1. [17]
Within the health professionals and other category, pharmaceutical representatives were
used as a resource by more of the sample than regional drug information services and
comparably to academic detailing services. [11] Ovid Nursing Subject Thesaurus - A
proprietary controlled vocabulary that meets the specific needs of nursing and allied health
professionals. [19] Both surveys demonstrated convincingly that the library use was closely
associated with formal and informal continuing education needs, and research, rather than
patient care problems on their own. [14] Difficulties with dissemination of research evidence
and keeping up to date on pharmacotherapeutic interventions are reported despite the
development of tools such as clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews that are
intended to reduce the need for practitioners to evaluate original research. [11] There are
many factors involved - the formulation of questions around the clinical problem topic, the
emphasis placed on the need for a systematic review of the literature, accessibility of
databases, development of an appropriate search strategy, skills for searching, and critical
appraisal skills. [14] Needs and estimations of relevance alter in some way and the success of a
search, whether done by an intermediary or by the user, will be hard to judge in terms of the
contribution made to a list of references. [14] Efforts to reduce problems and redesign often
appear to have the effect of discouraging the re-investigation of changing user needs. Soft
systems methodology, as developed by Checkland (1981) provides a general approach to the
real, and messy problems of management in many organisations. [14] A physician responded,
"as stated, I like to use my own mind, and can get all the info I need from books relatively
quickly". [11]
The findings suggested, for example, that networking did affect the patterns of use, but that
the motivation for use (education (course work for nurses) and research) remained similar to
the Value and EVINCE results. [14] The results will be generalizable not only to nurses in
Thailand, where EBP has been recently introduced into nursing care, but also to nurses in
other countries. [13] Almost two-thirds of nurses (61.5%, 369/600) reported that at least one
patient had consulted them in the previous 3 months with a concern about cancer in the
family. [17] Nurses generally handled the scenario of the patient with a family history of
myocardial infarction well, with most indicating that they would take the appropriate action.
[17] Nurses were also unsure how to proceed: in the breast cancer example, over a third of
respondents would not refer the patient to the GP even if they thought they were at
considerably higher risk than that of the population. [17] For the breast cancer and bowel
cancer scenarios, the majority of nurses overestimated the risk of the patient, with 79.9%
(469/587) of respondents estimating the risk of breast cancer to be considerably higher than
the population level when, in fact, the risk was similar to the general population risk. [17]
26 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Open-ended questions of a further two case scenarios were given which aimed to elicit how
the nurse would manage the patient. [17] Significant Mann Whitney U results (p < 0.05) of
nurse practitioner versus physician ratings for resources. [11] Kessenich CR, Westbrook MH:
Pharmaceutical companies and the prescriptive practices of nurse practitioners. [11] In the
Canadian province of Nova Scotia, legislation was passed in 2002 to allow nurse practitioners
(NPs) to practice collaboratively with physician partners. [11] Nurse practitioners have
reported that collaborative relationships with pharmacists increase NP role satisfaction. [11]
Viale PH: What nurse practitioners should know about direct-to-consumer advertising of
prescription medications. [11] Demographics of nurse practitioner and collaborating physician
partner respondents. [11] The letter was co-signed by the local study co-ordinator in each area
and a signatory that was known to the majority of nurses in that area (e.g. nurse director or
nurse lecturer/practitioner). [17] The researcher will mail or hand a package of a
questionnaire, instructions, and an informed-consent form to randomly selected nurse
samples in the main study from January to March 2007. [13] The study will employ a
researcher-developed questionnaire, preliminarily tested with 30 Thai and 23 American
nurses and validated by 7 content experts after refinement. [13]
For the nurses of the future, this area of medicine could be included in the nursing
curriculum. [17] Confidence levels in collecting the relevant family history were significantly
higher for both breast and colorectal cancer in nurses who had attended a training session
about genetic issues in the previous 12 months. [17] Regardless of whether or not family
history should be collected routinely, the nurses in this survey frequently were in a position
where a family history was obtained but currently felt that they were not sufficiently well
informed to deal with the issue appropriately. [17] A list of seven cancers and three other
conditions were given and nurses were asked to say whether family history was an important
risk factor (yes/no/not sure). [17] This aspect was explored using an open-ended question,
completed by 336 nurses (56% of responders). [17]
Lists of practice nurses were obtained directly from the Nurse Directors in each health
authority where possible, and by contacting all GP practices if the data were not available
from the health authority. [17] All practice nurses in the four health regions ( n 909) were sent
a questionnaire that was accompanied by a letter explaining the purpose of the study. [17]
A similar technique was used in the EVINCE project ( Davies et al., 1997 ) to analyse the
patterns of information behaviour among nursing, midwifery and health visiting staff. [14] In a
study examining family doctors' use of information sources to answer clinical questions,
human resources (e.g. doctor, pharmacist), non-prescribing print information (e.g. textbooks
and journal articles), and prescribing texts were used 36%, 32%, and 25% of the time,
respectively. [11] Competencies related to informatics knowledge include critical analysis of
data and information for use in evidence based practice, evaluating and applying relevant
information, synthesizing best evidence, and using optimal search strategies to locate
clinically sound and useful studies from information resources. [11] This information led NLM
to add licensed, full-text information resources such as current health news from Reuters,
Associated Press, the A.D.A.M.Illustrated Medical Encyclopedia, Merriam-Webster Medical
Dictionary. [20] The purpose of the survey for this research was to describe drug information
resources used by NPs and their collaborating physician partners at the point of care. [11] The
results of the survey will be used to guide further technology implementation strategies and
stimulate further discussion around drug information resource usage at the point of care. [11]
27 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
The use of EPR technology is increasing in Nova Scotia but little information is available
regarding the readiness of practitioners for use of specific features such as drug information
resources. [11] Education to this group of practitioners regarding available drug information
resources may facilitate use of computer and PDA resources. [11] Our study also indicates that
this group of practitioners may benefit from accessing resources that provide guidance on
useful drug information resources available for devices such as PDAs. [11] In addition to
recording patient visit information, a component of the EPR package serves to provide drug
information resources. [11]
Nursing staff appeared to use colleagues as information sources more than the doctors did,
with informal updating linked in this case more usually to drug therapy queries. [14] The CRC
card techniques, and the use case diagram techniques used in object oriented analysis may be
useful in helping to structure and present data in information behaviour studies, and may
help communication with the research subjects. [14] The aim of the paper is to compare the
philosophies of the vignette and critical incident techniques in information behaviour
research, with the methodologies used in object oriented analysis such as use case scenarios
and CRC (class, responsibility, collaboration) cards. [14]
Such diagrams can be used to illustrate graphically to those involved in training in use of
electronic information services just what students do in the process of searching, the ways in
which they might revise their searching strategies (JUSTEIS 2000, Section 6.2.3), and the
way in which advice from academic staff and LIS staff is sought, and acted on, in the process
of the search. [14] At this stage of the JUSTEIS (2000) work one can only make speculate
what the results of the second cycle will add to the first cycle findings, but there are
indications from the data that there is some degree of mismatch between expectations of
patterns of service use and actual use of information services. [14] Such structured techniques
from the field of systems analysis might help overcome some of the problems of data display
for qualitative research in information seeking and use. [14] Asking users for details of their
experience in an information seeking incident, or presenting them with a realistic scenario,
seems more likely to elicit a more valid interpretation of information behaviour than might be
obtained from transaction logging or asking about frequency of information source use. [14]
Too often users" information seeking problems are seen solely in terms of "access to
resources" but users" reasons for seeking new information (or not), and their estimation of
the benefits to be obtained are often far more complex ( Urquhart, 1999 ). [14] If the system is
supportive, and all the external conditions are right, then the user can negotiate an effective
route for information seeking, assessment and use. [14] One technique which may be used to
help identify patterns of use or potential use, is the critical incident technique, which
examines a brief, but memorable information seeking episode. [14] Object oriented techniques
such as use case analysis and the development of use case scenarios are similar to the "critical
incidents" and vignettes used in studies of information behaviour ( Urquhart & Hepworth,
1995 ) ( Davies et al, 1997 ) ( Urquhart, 1999 ). [14] The critical incident technique and
vignettes are used to obtain valid interpretations of users" information behaviour, using a
storyline approach for data collection (and analysis) which is similar to that of object oriented
analysis. [14] Some examples illustrate how techniques developed in object oriented analysis
could be used for data display in information behaviour studies. [14]
We would like to acknowledge Anne Marie Whelan for sharing her research project regarding
28 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
drug information sources used by Family Medicine Residents. [11] Whelan AM, Nagpal S,
Burge F: Drug information resources in a family medicine residency training program. [11]
To establish an effective system of information resources in nursing to advance the profession

through the promotion and use of its literature. [12]
Many information systems of interest to library and information science professionals are
"supportive" for users rather then "operative" and this distinction affects the approaches that
have to be taken to understanding user behaviour. [14] Much of information systems analysis
in organisations is based on the premise that users will routinely be using the information
system in their work, and that these systems will be "operative" rather than "supportive" as
defined by Malmsjo (1999). [14]
Identifying the longitudinal development of information seeking behaviour is not, apparently,

an easy task, though there have been some studies which track the behaviour of an individual
(e.g. a case study by Kuhlthau (1997) of an individual, starting from secondary school,
through university and to work as a securities analyst). [14] The covering letter instructed
respondents to self-select the appropriate survey (either PDA or computer) based on their
drug information seeking behaviours. [11] In the Value project ( Urquhart & Hepworth, 1995 )
the technique was used to examine the patterns of information seeking behaviour among
groups of doctors. [14] Vignettes have been used to prompt information users into revealing
their information seeking strategies and choice of information sources ( Urquhart, 1999 ),
when direct questioning might be less productive. [14]
Technologies are often implemented to facilitate access to current and credible drug
information sources. [11] This was higher than regional drug information services (used by
23% of physicians and 50% of NPs). [11] Bradshaw, C. M.(1997) An evaluation of the
contribution of networked CD-ROM information services to reflective practice and clinical
decision making at Ashworth Hospital Authority. [14] Urquhart, C.J. and Hepworth,
J.B.(1995) The value to clinical decision making of information supplied by NHS library and
information services. [14]
For information service users the goal may be to obtain a document: the system interaction
may concern the inter-library loan procedures. [14] Formal scenario writing, with the amount
of detail required to document the flow of events, is possibly not a technique that can be used
in its entirety in studies of information behaviour but there are ideas that might be borrowed
and extended in a different way. [14] More recent developments in information requirements
analysis in software development in object oriented technology are working on parallel lines,
though there is little sign of any cross-fertilisation between ideas and techniques used by
researchers working in information behaviour and and those used by systems analysts. [14] In
view of the difficulty of studying information behaviour over a long period of time, or what
might be termed the whole story, other techniques have been used to capture brief episodes
in the story. [14]
Such techniques share, to a greater or lesser extent, the idea of a "story" or "sense-making"
storyline, which is useful in either eliciting details about information behaviour from users or
displaying data meaningfully. [14] Checkland & Holwell (1998) argue that information
systems are more than "data manipulation" systems and that the study of the human activity
29 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
systems is vital to an understanding of what an effective information system might look like.
[14] It is therefore useful for examination of the occasional, or at any rate non-compulsory,
use of "supportive" information systems. [14] Documenting and displaying information
seeking pathways in use case type diagrams, showing optional sequences of events, can help
debate these issues. [14] There are four proposed dimensions to any information seeking
strategy: method of interaction (scanning/searching), goal of interaction (learning/selecting),
mode of retrieval (recognition/specification) and resource considered (information/meta-
information). [14] Several related competencies include understanding advantages and
disadvantages of information sources and the currency of resources. [11]
For EVINCE, various groupings were attempted but there were few significant differences
between the groups, suggesting either that the sample sizes were too small to show an effect
(possible) or that differences in information behaviour among nursing staff are likely to be at
the individual level, not at group level. [14] One could not therefore predict the likely patterns
of information behaviour on the basis of the assigned task role and place of work (hospital
versus community, for example). [14] Replication of the techniques in other setting provides a
means of tracking changes in information behaviour of the groups in general. [14] The
technique is aimed at a better, deeper understanding of the problem situation so that the
information system developed provides a proper solution. [14] What all these ideas on object
oriented technology share is an emphasis on the storyline - seeing the information system in
terms of the events and interactions, and the sequences which tell a meaningful story to the
system users. [14] To develop an information system, however, the interest is not simply in the
"average" or "representative behaviour as might be expressed in the primary of "happy day"
scenario but also in the secondary or alternative scenarios which deal with the exceptions to
the primary scenario. [14]
Sellman JS, Decarolis D, Schullo-Feulner A, Nelson DB, Filice GA: Information resources
used in antimicrobial prescribing. [11] This section also addressed usage and rating of
different drug information resources. [11]
Using a modified CRC card technique may help, for example, in structuring focus group data
to illustrate the responsibilities and roles of the stakeholders in an information seeking
situation. [14] The problem, of course, is to predict the likely combination of scripts which will
correspond to the switches made by real users from one information seeking strategy to
another. [14] Those developing and funding information services would like to predict with
more accuracy the likely take-up of new services, the barriers which might have to be
overcome to make the service truly supportive and the opportunities which the users
perceive, and learn to perceive, from their perspective, of the services. [14] JUSTEIS (2000)
JISC Usage Surveys: Trends in Electronic Information Services. (First cycle report) Online.
[14]
The family history is of course used in primary care for other reasons such as to aid diagnosis
in the presence of specific symptoms and to assess a patient's psychosocial background. 21 It
is questionable, however, whether the considerable time and effort reported by practice
nurses in this survey in routinely collecting family histories can be justified currently. [17] The
survey aimed to measure the current situation with regard to: the prevalence of family history
recording by practice nurses; confidence in collecting and acting upon family history; and
practice nurses' knowledge about familial disorders and genetics. [17] This study provides
30 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
evidence of considerable activity from practice nurses regarding routine collection of family
history. [17] Practice nurses were significantly more confident in all aspects of dealing with
patients with concerns about familial breast cancer than those with concerns about colorectal
cancer in the family. [17] We would like to thank all the practice nurses who took the time to
complete the questionnaire and made this work possible. [17] This approach has been shown
to be successful with GPs, 22 but there has been no such work to date with practice nurses.
[17]
Practice nurses' knowledge regarding the importance of family history in a range of

conditions was good. [17]
With the growing emphasis on qualitative research in studies of information behaviour, any
relationship between information behaviour analysis and the structured approach to
information requirements analysis of conventional systems analysis seems remote. [14]
Concludes that the methods developed by software engineering could be adapted usefully for
information behaviour research. [14]
We decided to use a hard-copy questionnaire to ensure that we reached the

whole target audience, not just those health care professionals with good
access to information technology and the skills and confidence to use it. [22] The
sample of health care professionals we used was self-selecting, and it is likely that only
members of the nursing community for whom information is an issue would take the trouble
to complete a 30-minute questionnaire. [22] Planning Ahead: A Consumer's Guide to Nursing
Facilities - Detailed information on issues when selecting a nursing home, with a good
summary of the services to evaluate in each facility you are considering. (National Center for
Assisted Living and American Health Care Assoc.) [41] Online consumer health websites, such
as the National Library of Medicine's MedlinePlus and the New York Online Access to Health
(NOAH), that provided information on a number of pertinent topics were also considered by
the Spanish-speaking nursing assistants to be written at an inappropriately high reading level
for many of their clients. [21] Because of the relative ease of access and the availability of
information at the lay person's level, general searches on the Internet using Google were
preferred over searching bibliographic databases through the health sciences library. [21]
Access to electronic health information for the public: analysis of fifty-three funded projects.
[23] RCN and other health librarians have an influencing role to play in continuing to improve
nursing colleagues' access to information and to influence employers in this area. [22]
Reflecting the convenience and power of the Internet, nurses.com provides a convenient
source of clinical, professional, drug, licensure, regulation, research, patient education, legal,
and ethical nursing information. [25] Sources used in health policy research and implications
for information retrieval systems. [23] Interviewees used information from the CDC and
Oregon Health Department websites because these sites contain pertinent content from
trusted sources. [21] Burke M., Evans W.D. Information technology survey: an assessment of
computers and computer programs in health departments Seattle, WA: Turning Point
Information Technology Collaborative, American Institutes for Research; 2002. [21] Use of
feedback in designing an environmental health information mapping system. [23]
Open-ended questions about information acquisition and use were developed in consultation
with UW SPHCM faculty, WSDoH leaders, and staff from the Eastern and Western
31 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Washington Area Health Education Centers (AHECs). [27]
Folb, B., Epstein, B. A., Kindling, A., & Schwartz, E.The Public Health Information Alliance
(PHIA): library services and resources access for public health practitioners. [23] Emerging
information technologies provide an opportunity to efficiently provide updated
knowledge-based resources (i.e., information derived from the professional literature of a
field of knowledge ) and information management services to public health workers. [21]
Professional librarians access the Library's specialized collection as well as a wide variety of
print and electronic resources to provide the evidence base for AORN's initiatives and to
provide high-quality, reliable information to AORN members and staff. [42] LaPelle N.R.,
Luckmann R., Simpson E.H., Martin E.R. Identifying strategies to improve access to credible
and relevant information for public health professionals: a qualitative study. [21] Librarians
improve the public health through training: update on Partners in Information Access for
Public Health Professionals. [23] Bringing public health information and Internet training to
underserved professional populations via the Internet and a portable LAN. Paper presented
at the Medical Library Association Annual Meeting, Orlando. [23] Colleagues (i.e., public
health professionals) are the most commonly used, efficient, and reliable source of
information. [21] Qualitative methods have been used to investigate the practices and
strategies of state health department officials, public health physicians, and public health
faculty in finding evidence-based clinical information. [21] Information access for public
health professionals of the public health departments of Clinton, Essex and Franklin counties
of New York State. [23] Houston HealthWays (formerly Information Access for Public Health
Professionals). [23] Facilitating information access for public health professionals in north
Texas: the Public Health Information Outreach Project. [23] CDC s Information Network for
Public Health Officials (1), the Health Alert Network (2), and the National Library of
Medicine's Partnership in Information Access for Public Health Officials (5) are designed to
strengthen the information infrastructure of state and local public health agencies. [27]
Substantial efforts have been made to ensure that state and local public health agencies have
the information technology and training needed for public health communications,
information access, and data exchange (1,2). [27] The Public Health Information Alliance
(PHIA) : library access for public health practitioners. [23] Partners in information access:
Linking the public health workforce to information for improved practice. [23]
Sathe N.A., Lee P., Giuse N.B. A power information user (PIU) model to promote information
integration in Tennessee's pubic health community. [21] Tribal connections health
information outreach: results, evaluation, and challenges. [23]
The success of these initiatives will depend not only on technology but also on the
information content being delivered and used and on a workforce trained to use effectively
these new tools and resources. [27] Public health information and data tutorials: development
of Web-based resources for the public health workforce. [23] While the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) website was cited as a useful resource because it was trusted to
have authoritative information pertinent to public health, the website was considered difficult
to navigate ( Table 2 ). [21] Basic hardware and software for transferring information,
scheduling, monitoring patients, and developing client education materials may be needed in
local public health. [21]
The RCN needs to work with the NHS and the independent health sector to improve access
32 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
and provide complementary services for the whole nursing community, and that should lead
to better patient care. [22] Clinical nurse specialists provide direct patient care and expert
consultations in one of many nursing specialties, such as psychiatric-mental health. [29]
Medical-surgical nurses provide health promotion and basic medical care to patients with
various medical and surgical diagnoses. [29] Occupational health nurses seek to prevent
job-related injuries and illnesses, provide monitoring and emergency care services, and help
employers implement health and safety standards. [29] The most common specialty areas for
nurse practitioners are family practice, adult practice, women's health, pediatrics, acute care,
and geriatrics. [29] While the health department director, nursing supervisor, and clinical
nurse specialist all had desktop computers with Internet access, nine nurses shared three
desktop computers, only one of which had Internet access (through a dial-up residential line).
[21] For questions outside their area of expertise, nurses often reported relying on the greater
clinical expertise of the nurse practitioner, nursing supervisor, and health officer. [21]
Although most of the nurses had received training in bibliographic databases available
through the OHSU Health Sciences Library, they reported rarely using these resources for
two reasons: (1) there was a perception that most journal articles available to them were not
pertinent to public health nursing and (2) extra steps were required to access the
bibliographic databases. [21] Most of the patient education resources provided by the Oregon
Health Department were written in English, and nurses indicated that they wanted more
materials in Spanish. [21] Home visiting nurses also wanted a way to track patient referrals
from health care providers in the community. [21] Holistic nurses provide care such as
acupuncture, massage and aroma therapy, and biofeedback, which are meant to treat
patients' mental and spiritual health in addition to their physical health. [29] Local champions
were encouraged to reach as wide a cross-section of their workforce as possible--registered
nurses, midwives, health visitors and health care assistants--and to include colleagues who
were not RCN members. [22] The bioterrorism nurse needed basic, problem-free
communications technology including telephone, voice mail, and email to communicate with
community health care providers and emergency personnel. [21] Eighty per cent of our
respondents were registered nurses, 6% health care assistants, 2% health visitors, 3%
midwives, 6% students and 3.5% other (a mix of managers and academics). [22] The average
time each nurse had worked at the health department was seven years (range: two months to
fifteen years), and the average number of years of nursing experience was fourteen (range:
five to twenty-two years). [21] Long- term care nurses provide healthcare services on a
recurring basis to patients with chronic physical or mental disorders, often in long-term care
or skilled nursing facilities. [29] Home healthcare nurses provide at-home nursing care for
patients, often as follow-up care after discharge from a hospital or from a rehabilitation,
long-term care, or skilled nursing facility. [29] Patients in hospitals and nursing care facilities
require 24-hour care; consequently, nurses in these institutions may work nights, weekends,
and holidays. [29] In addition to general nursing care resources, home visiting nurses wanted
detailed resources for caring for patients with disabilities. [21] Nurse practitioners serve as
primary and specialty care providers, providing a blend of nursing and healthcare services to
patients and families. [29] While the intensity of nursing care is likely to increase, requiring
more nurses per patient, the number of inpatients (those who remain in the hospital for more
than 24 hours) is not likely to grow by much. [29] Emergency, or trauma, nurses work in
hospital or stand-alone emergency departments, providing initial assessments and care for
patients with life-threatening conditions. [29]
Psychiatric-mental health nurses treat patients with personality and mood disorders. [29] RNs
33 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
may specialize in specific health conditions, as do diabetes management nurses, who assist
patients to manage diabetes. [29] There are a variety of other specialties that nurse
practitioners can choose, including neonatology and mental health. [29] Semi-structured,
in-depth interviews were conducted with all health department nurses and nurses aides (n
17). [21] Many local health department nurses indicated that available knowledge-based
materials—such as clinical resources, patient handouts, and community health education
materials—could be improved with better indexing and organization. [21] Nurses reported
that the lack of computers and high-speed Internet access dramatically limited their use of
email and online resources. [21] Nurses who never have access to the Internet when they have
time to study are less likely to report that it is acceptable for them to leave the workplace
when searching for evidence to support practice, and that there is a process at work which
allows them to have input into changing practice. [22]
Because nurses represented the largest professional group of the local public health
workforce, the study was limited to employees with a nursing degree (BSN, RN) or in the
process of obtaining their nursing degrees. [21]
The team consisted of a university faculty member with expertise in ethnographic methods
and public health nursing, a public health informatics fellow with expertise in medicine and
information sciences, and a biomedical and health informatics graduate student. [21] The
primary resource for training and work-related information was provided by nursing peers in
an “on-the-job” training context. [21] We are using the evidence from the survey to inform our
future direction around the following strategic objectives: improving basic to advanced
information skills; tailoring information provision; acquiring and delivering relevant
resources; influencing the e-health policy agenda; developing effective knowledge
management systems. [22] When she was unable to find any information from the resources
on hand, she found a general description of encopresis through a Google search on the
Internet. [21] • Significant numbers of the nursing community have no or limited access to
information technology (IT) and the Internet. [22] Providing access in a digital world: the
Public Health Information Link (P.H.I.L.) in Nevada. [23] The 2001 Public Health Outreach
Forum brought together librarians and information scientists to share experiences with the
U.S. Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce (Partners) collaboration.
[21]
Improving information skills for Georgia public health practice: the PHOENIX Project
(Public Health Online Education Necessary for Information Expertise). [23] Baker EL, Friede
AM, Moulton AD, Ross DA. A framework for integrated public health information and
practice. [27] One of the major objectives of the field of public health informatics is to discover
useful applications of information technology to improve public health practice. [21] As a
field, public health depends heavily on information acquisition and transfer ; information is
critical, in some fashion, for all of the essential services of local health agencies. [21] The
overlap in services and programs offered by local health agencies across the state may
provide opportunities for collaborations to meet some of the information challenges noted in
the current study. [21] For information on the Library's Literature Search Service, see our
Library Services. [42] UK PubMed Central is a service of the UKPMC Funders Group working
in partnership with the British Library, University of Manchester and the European
Bioinformatics Institute in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology
Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NCBI/NLM). [21]
34 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
CDC's Digital Library model for delivering electronic public health information. [23]
Discovering information vectors for public health: new roles for information professionals.
[23] Public health professionals in the Midwest: a profile of connectivity and information
technology skills. [23] Tools designed for public health information transfer should facilitate,
not attempt to replace, communication among public health professionals. [21] A collaborative
approach to introduce information professionals to bioterrorism issues and resources. [23]
It is difficult to get exact figures for the independent sector as the information comes from
disparate sources, uses a variety of definitions and is prone to double counting.) [22] The Most
Efficient and Reliable Source of Information was Other People In every interview, colleagues
were identified as the most efficient and reliable source of information used in day-to-day
work. [21] Models of information summary, synthesis, and dissemination in clinical medicine:
sources and organization of evidence-based knowledge. [23] We have also carried out a
restructuring of our services into a new Information and Knowledge Management
department. [22]
Further research is needed to determine optimal development, structure, delivery, and

marketing of public health information to specific public health workforce segments. [27]
More research is needed to find ways to improve indexing, organizing, and accessing online
public health information. [21] A power information user (PIU) model to promote information
integration in Tennessee's public health community. [23] Information technology and
informatics training are vital to keeping the public health workforce informed. [21] Historic or
cutting edge? Consumer and practitioner interest in public health information. [23] New
Haven Health: publishing local public health information on the World Wide Web. [23] Much
of the needed public health information is not found in peer-reviewed journals but is found in
the gray literature, which currently is perhaps more accessible through general search
engines like Google. [21] The Iowa Public Health Information (IPHI) Project--An experiment
in collaboration and cooperation. [23] Information into action: public health information for
youth violence prevention. [23] Information retrieval in systematic reviews: challenges in the
public health arena. [23] Strategies for addressing priority information problems in health
policy and public health. [23] Challenges to accessing useful information in health policy and
public health: an introduction to a national forum held at the New York Academy of
Medicine, March 23, 1998. [23] Yasnoff W.A., O'Carroll P.W., Koo D., Linkins R.W., Kilbourne
E.M. Public health informatics: improving and transforming public health in the information
age. [21]
Include information on scope, coverage, location, how to access, and strengths and
weaknesses of the data. [27] ¶ Include custom synthesized information and access to online
bibliographic and factual databases (e.g., MEDLINE and CDC Prevention Guidelines
Database). [27] Easy access to current information on a broad number of subjects was clearly
needed. [21] Again, there was a strong link between employer attitudes and employees'
perceptions of their access to information. [22] Similarly a higher proportion of respondents
(67.2%) were prepared to travel for 30 minutes and over to access information for lifelong
learning, as compared with 49.6% who would travel for 30 minutes and over to access 'how to
do' type information. [22] Respondents were asked how far they were prepared to travel to
access information for a variety of purposes ( Table 7 ). [22]
35 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Supporting tobacco control researchers through library services and information

dissemination. [23] For more information about this page, please contact the Barr Library:
health.library@state.mn.us or call 651-201-5090. [23]
No one was excluded as a result of lack of confidence using information technology (IT)--a
major problem with online surveys. [22] This site is for information and support only and
NOT a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. [41] This material is for
information and support; not a substitute for professional advice. [41]
Just 2.4% (39 respondents) reported that they had a disability that they considered affected
their ability to search for and find information. [22] Search Strategies for information in
support of Magnet. (8 hour class: Lecture, small groups searching, share with class: 1.5
hours.) 10. [24]
In every interview, other people were identified as the most efficient and reliable source of
information. [21] NET provides comprehensive information on key characteristics of workers
and occupations. [29] CDC Information Center: building a collaborative learning space in the
new CDC Global Communications and Training Facility. [23] Information pathways during the
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in a Sydney metropolitan hospital. [23]
Searching for information on toxicological data of chemical substances in selected
bibliographic databases--selection of essential databases for toxicological researches. [23]
Whereas 11.1% of respondents stated they were not prepared to leave the workplace at all to
find 'how to do' type information, only 5.9% of respondents reported being unwilling to leave
the workplace to find information for a formal course. [22] Outdated and even out-of-print
textbooks were considered valuable because they contained practical and applicable primary
care information. [21]
There were marked regional differences in response to the statement 'the health library is
easy to access when I need it' (χ 2 67.0, d.f. 48, P < 0.00). [22] These surveys, identified,
among other needs, a need for training and purchase of basic computer software and
improved Internet access. [21] One of the most important findings of this study is the need for
basic computer and Internet access. [21] All participants expressed the need for more
computers for email and Internet access. [21]
RNs teach patients and their families how to manage their illnesses or injuries, explaining
post-treatment home care needs; diet, nutrition, and exercise programs; and
self-administration of medication and physical therapy. [29] The number of older people, who
are much more likely than younger people to need nursing care, is projected to grow rapidly.
[29] However if you reach a point where you no longer have "rehab potential," but still need
daily services of an RN in addition to the custodial care, you must bear the cost of the care.
[41] For people who are losing their ability to function independently due to chronic disease
and increasing frailty, custodial care may be a long-term need. [41] People who are able to
recover from a disabling injury or illness, may temporarily need the custodial care as they are
getting back the strength and balance to be independent again. [41]
Some emergency nurses may become qualified to serve as transport nurses, who provide
medical care to patients who are transported by helicopter or airplane to the nearest medical
36 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
facility. [29] Respiratory nurses provide care to patients with respiratory disorders such as
asthma, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis. [29] Ophthalmic nurses provide care to patients with
disorders of the eyes, including blindness and glaucoma, and to patients undergoing eye
surgery. [29] Wound, ostomy, and continence nurses treat patients with wounds caused by
traumatic injury, ulcers, or arterial disease; provide postoperative care for patients with
openings that allow for alternative methods of bodily waste elimination; and treat patients
with urinary and fecal incontinence. [29] Intellectual and developmental disabilities nurses
provide care for patients with physical, mental, or behavioral disabilities; care may include
help with feeding, controlling bodily functions, sitting or standing independently, and
speaking or other communication. [29] Radiology nurses provide care to patients undergoing
diagnostic radiation procedures such as ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging, and
radiation therapy for oncology diagnoses. [29] Perianesthesia nurses provide preoperative and
postoperative care to patients undergoing anesthesia during surgery or other procedure. [29]
Hospice and palliative care nurses provide care, most often in home or hospice settings,
focused on maintaining quality of life for terminally ill patients. [29] Critical care nurses
provide care to patients with serious, complex, and acute illnesses or injuries that require
very close monitoring and extensive medication protocols and therapies. [29] Ambulatory care
nurses provide preventive care and treat patients with a variety of illnesses and injuries in
physicians' offices or in clinics. [29] Addictions nurses care for patients seeking help with
alcohol, drug, tobacco, and other addictions. [29] Some nurses have jobs that require little or
no direct patient care, but still require an active RN license. [29] Urology nurses care for
patients with disorders of the kidneys, urinary tract, and male reproductive organs, including
infections, kidney and bladder stones, and cancers. [29] Otorhinolaryngology nurses care for
patients with ear, nose, and throat disorders, such as cleft palates, allergies, and sinus
disorders. [29] Orthopedic nurses care for patients with muscular and skeletal problems,
including arthritis, bone fractures, and muscular dystrophy. [29] Neuroscience nurses care for
patients with dysfunctions of the nervous system, including brain and spinal cord injuries and
seizures. [29] Nephrology nurses care for patients with kidney disease caused by diabetes,
hypertension, or substance abuse. [29] HIV/AIDS nurses care for patients diagnosed with HIV
and AIDS. Oncology nurses care for patients with various types of cancer and may assist in
the administration of radiation and chemotherapies and follow-up monitoring. [29]
Rehabilitation nurses care for patients with temporary and permanent disabilities. [29]
The nurses expressed concern that most of the state health department's materials were
outdated. [21] When the nurses were able to access the Internet, they frequently found
available public health websites difficult to navigate. [21] Only two nurses had received formal
public health nursing training prior to being hired. [21] The background and training of the
interviewed public health nurses were similar to those found in national surveys. [21] In
carrying out public health functions, local public health agencies are the foundation of the
public health system in the United States, and public health nurses are the largest
professional group in the local public health workforce. [21] A licensed physician supervises
each patient's care and a nurse or other medical professional is almost always on the
premises. [41] Nurses who work in offices, schools, and other settings that do not provide
24-hour care are more likely to work regular business hours. [29] Nurse anesthetists provide
anesthesia and related care before and after surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic and obstetrical
procedures. [29] Gynecology nurses provide care to women with disorders of the reproductive
system, including endometriosis, cancer, and sexually transmitted diseases. [29] It provides
37 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
leading-edge content for staff nurses, nursing administrators, directors, business executives,
nurse educators, case managers, primary nurses, clinical nurse specialists, community health
nurses, public health nurses, school nurses, office nurses, nurse faculty members, head
nurses, patient care coordinators, nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives,
nurse researchers, consultants, supervisors, assistants, and others. [25] Delivering Internet
health resources to an underserved health care profession: school nurses. [23] Some
ambulatory care nurses are involved in telehealth, providing care and advice through
electronic communications media such as videoconferencing, the Internet, or by telephone.
[29] Some nurses may become credentialed in specialties such as ambulatory care,
gerontology, informatics, pediatrics, and many others. [29] The type of care demanded will
require nurses who are able to perform complex procedures. [29] The local health department
employed fifteen nurses and two nursing assistants, all of whom consented to participate in
the study. [21] The authors thank the local health department nurses who were interviewed
for this study; Veena Seshadri and Raya Fidel for their input into transcript analysis; and
David Nelson, Mary Canales, and Leslie Fleming for their editorial suggestions. [21]
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen public health nurses at a
local health department in rural Oregon. [21] The health department was chosen based on its
rural location and close proximity to the researchers' institution, OHSU. Given the specific
geographic location and the small sample size, the current findings might be highly
individualized and might not be generalizable to nurses in other local public health agencies
in Oregon or in other states. [21] Home health and public health nurses travel to patients'
homes, schools, community centers, and other sites. [29] The Royal College of Nursing is the
UK's foremost professional association and trade union for nurses, with nearly 400 000
members. [22] Genetics nurses provide early detection screenings, counseling, and treatment
of patients with genetic disorders, including cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. [29]
Cardiovascular nurses treat patients with coronary heart disease and those who have had
heart surgery, providing services such as postoperative rehabilitation. [29] Other RNs
specialize in working with one or more organs or body system types, such as dermatology
nurses, who work with patients who have skin disorders. [29] To attract and retain qualified
nurses, hospitals may offer signing bonuses, family-friendly work schedules, or subsidized
training. [29] Transplant nurses care for both transplant recipients and living donors and
monitor signs of organ rejection. [29] All four advanced practice specialties--clinical nurse
specialists, nurse practitioners, nurse-midwives, and nurse anesthetists--will be in high
demand, particularly in medically underserved areas such as inner cities and rural areas. [29]
All States specifically define requirements for registered nurses in advanced practice roles.
[29] It appears from the literature that nurses are less advanced in their understanding of
evidence-based practice than doctors. [22] Nurses read research literature and visited the
local health library in conjunction with educational courses, but not to solve work-related
problems. [22] Gastroenterology nurses treat patients with digestive and intestinal disorders,
including ulcers, acid reflux disease, and abdominal bleeding. [29] Dermatology nurses treat
patients with disorders of the skin, such as skin cancer and psoriasis. [29] Infusion nurses
administer medications, fluids, and blood to patients through injections into patients' veins.
[29] The nurse responsible for tracking tuberculosis medication compliance had no formal
system for tracking whether patients picked up their medications or were late for follow-up
visits. [21] Being encouraged to search for evidence increases the number of hours that nurses
study during working hours ( Table 16 ). [22] Clinic nurses reported relying heavily on clinical
protocols, which were detailed and complex; becoming familiar with and learning to navigate
38 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
the clinical protocols took a great deal of interviewees' time. [21] Nurses noted that better
indexing systems for these protocols were needed to improve the ability to efficiently and
accurately follow clinical guidelines. [21] In management, nurses can advance from assistant
unit manager or head nurse to more senior-level administrative roles of assistant director,
director, vice president, or chief of nursing. [29] Nurse educators plan, develop, implement,
and evaluate educational programs and curricula for the professional development of student
nurses and RNs. [29] Most RNs work as staff nurses as members of a team providing critical
healthcare. [29] RNs may also specialize with a well-defined population, such as geriatric
nurses, who work with the elderly. [29] RNs may work a particular setting or type of
treatment, such as perioperative nurses, who work in operating rooms and assist surgeons.
[29] Most RNs begin as staff nurses in hospitals and, with experience and good performance,
often move to other settings or are promoted to positions with more responsibility. [29]
Despite the slower employment growth in hospitals, job opportunities should still be excellent
because of the relatively high turnover of hospital nurses. [29] It seems that, in September
2004, around 69% of qualified nurses worked in the NHS, 14 but this does not differentiate
between hospitals and the community. [22] Some nurses in this field also assist in specialized
procedures such as endoscopies, which look inside the gastrointestinal tract using a tube
equipped with a light and a camera that can capture images of diseased tissue. [29] Many of
the longer-serving nurses had worked in a variety of different positions in the department
over time. [21]
Turner A.M., Petrochilos D., Nelson D.E., Allen E., Liddy E.D. Access and use of the Internet
for health information seeking: a survey of local public health professionals in the Northwest.
[21] Internet connections for access to information resources and training for public health
professionals. [23]
While quantitative studies provide important information regarding the scope and
generalizability of information requirements, they are limited in their ability to provide
in-depth answers, such as how and why information resources are chosen, and insights about
the complex array of factors involved in information seeking among health department
personnel. [21] Many health librarians in the UK are already using this evidence to improve
information services for nursing staff; for example, to recruit extra library staff. [22]
Postgraduate training in public health medicine: St George's Hospital Medical School Library
public health information service. [23] Although information systems and resources are
intended to facilitate and expedite tasks, the number one resource for public health
information and training is not books, journals, or the Internet, but people. [21] One difficulty
in designing information systems and resources for public health is the variety of potential
users with varied backgrounds who perform a wide range of tasks at any given time. [21] This
information can be used to inform the design of information resources and information
systems for public health practice. [21] Readiness to incorporate the use of online information
resources into public health practice varied across segments. [27] Public Health Information
Initiative: web-based access to information resources. 3 Sources, 17(3), 3,6. [23]
Training and educating the public health workforce has been identified as a major need in the
IOM report. [21] The need for informatics competencies on all levels of the public health
workforce has been identified as a key issue. [21] The Nursing Home population has been
declining in recent years as more choices become available for seniors who need help. [41]
39 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
The need for nursing faculty will only increase as many instructors near retirement. [29]
Interest in the use of information resources and technology also varied across groups (e.g.,
nursing directors expressed more interest in using videoconferencing technology than did
other groups ). [27] We asked about types of information sources used for particular types of
problem or question; specific sources used; ease of access to various information sources
including computers and the Internet, and the local health library if they had one; and
workplace culture and environment. [22] We also found that this relationship extended to
respondents' perceptions on ease of use of various information sources, including journal
articles and reports and the local health library ( Tables 10 and 11 ). [22]
The RCN's library and information services were most commonly accessed via the Internet at
both home and work, as were other RCN resources. [22] Health sciences information service
outreach to Alaska's public health professionals. [23] Librarians, informaticians, and other
experts in knowledge management and information systems could greatly assist in organizing
and indexing public health information. [21] Arizona Public Health Information System
(APHIS): bringing together public and health information together to protect the health of
Arizonans. [23]
Ideally, the development of online public health information resources should reflect this
complexity and diversity. [27] This is consistent with prior studies indicating the importance
of sponsoring organization in selecting a public health information resource. [21]
Respondents were offered a menu of different information services and asked to specify their
frequency of use. [22] Colleagues topped the list of information sources most regularly used
(88.1%), although only 59.3% reported finding the source adequate. [28] Table 1 summarizes
the various roles, responsibilities, tasks, and associated information sources commonly used.
[21]
Experienced peers were revealed as a major information source for clinical information,
logistical recommendations, and on-the-job training. [21] Respondents were asked a series of
questions about how and where they got access to various information sources ( Table 6 ). [22]
We found a strong link between the level of encouragement respondents are given by their
organizations for this type of information seeking and employees' perceptions of whether or
not they have time for information-seeking activities, such as reading journal articles or
reports, or visiting the local health library ( Tables 8 and 9 ). [22]
Some RNs choose to become advanced practice nurses, who work independently or in
collaboration with physicians, and may focus on the provision of primary care services. [29]
There are four types of advanced practice nurses: clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists,
nurse-midwives, and nurse practitioners. [29] At some time, most of the clinical nurses had
held the position of school nurse or home visiting nurse. [21]
The issues around nurses' workplace access to computers and the Internet identified by
Estabrooks et al. 4 and Duffy 5 still have resonance. [22]
40 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Availability of health information provides confidence in clinical decision-

making, improves practical skills and attitude to care and alleviates
professional isolation, yet this resource remains invisible in the complex health
care systems. [34] Where information has been made available through manuals and
treatment guidelines, reports show confusion and discrepancies between recommended care
and practice, which underscores two points most often ignored (1) improving the usability of
materials (ensuring, for example, that guidelines are clear, easy to use, authoritative,
referenced, in the right language, visually attractive and without unnecessary detail); and (2)
training of health workers on the use of information. [34] Serious and widespread deficiencies
in the existing knowledge and practice of health practitioners is a reminder of the crucial
importance of improving the availability of relevant, reliable health care information and its
potential to radically improve health care worldwide. [34] In this digital age, the growing
urban-rural divide continues to influence the way health care professionals anywhere in the
developing countries learn and gain access to information. [34] In developing countries, many
health care workers have little or no access to basic, practical information. [34] Health care
workers in developing countries continue to lack access to basic, practical information to
enable them to deliver safe, effective care. [34] National Survey on Consumers' Experiences
with Patient Safety and Quality Information In November 2004, results from this national
survey found that 40% of Americans think the quality of health care has worsened in the last
five years. [38] Improving the availability and use of relevant, reliable health care information
has enormous potential to radically improve health care worldwide. [34] The availability of
health information provides confidence in clinical decision-making, improves practical skills
and attitudes to care. [34] This report is a collaborative project between the Information in
Nursing Forum at the Royal College of Nursing and the School of Health and Social Care,
Bournemouth. [33] The same study also highlighted the importance of design of health care
information materials: "When asked what could be improved in it, they stated that it is
sometimes difficult to find the right page, that too often referral to the next level is
recommended, that signs are not put in relation to the disease and that some common
diseases are missing (such as hepatitis and skin fungus). [34] Given that most available health
care information is in English, it would be interesting to compare, for example, an English-
speaking African country, such as Ghana, with a French-speaking country in West Africa with
a comparable level of economic development (e.g. Togo). [34] This review was supported by
the Lown Cardiovascular Foundation and the Global Health care Information Network. [34]
This disparity is due to several factors, including unequal distribution of Internet
connectivity, and also a failure of international "information for development" policies and
initiatives, which have tended to focus on "innovative" Internet-based approaches for
higher-level health professionals and researchers while ignoring, relatively speaking, other
approaches that remain essential for the vast majority of primary and district health workers.
[34] Bertrand I, Certain E: Access to reliable information for health workers in developing
countries: information for all, starting at grass roots level in Africa. [34] Health workers may
prepare themselves for the interview or questionnaire, giving information in line with official
guidelines, not reflecting their true practices. [34] Burton KR, Howard A, Beveridge M:
Relevance of electronic health information to doctors in the developing world: results of the
Ptolemy Project's Internet-based Health Information Study (IBHIS). [34] A cross-sectional
study of the quality of care provided to diabetic children in public children's hospitals in
Egypt showed "marked deficiencies in the provision of information to children with diabetes
and their parents". [34] Readers say the journal is their first choice for quick-read updates on
41 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
the most comprehensive range of nursing topics, including clinical and professional
information on drugs, diseases, nursing care strategies, and legal/ethical issues. [31] The
"information poverty" of health workers in Africa is exacerbating what is clearly a public
health emergency on a massive scale: increasing numbers of people are living in poverty, and
many continue to be denied access to basic health care services; one in six children are not
living to see their fifth birthday; and there is a massive increase in noncommunicable diseases
in addition to the huge HIV/AIDS burden. [34]
Hospital Nurse Practice Environments and Outcomes for Surgical Oncology Patients In an
article published in Health Services Research in August 2008, Dr. Christopher Friese and
colleagues found that nursing education level was significantly associated with patient
outcomes. [38] Leaders in nursing find a useful source for current advice on how to manage
health care delivery across the continuum of care, including maintaining safe staffing levels,
improving staff competencies, addressing health and safety for nurses and patients, to name a
few timely topics. [31]
RANKED SELECTED SOURCES
(42 source documents arranged by frequency of occurrence in the above report)
1. (120) From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health department in
Oregon - UKPMC Article - UK PubMed Central
2. (87) BioMed Central | Full text | Drug information resources used by nurse practitioners and
collaborating physicians at the point of care in Nova Scotia, Canada: a survey and review of the
literature
3. (73) Bridging information requirements and information needs assessment: do scenarios and
vignettes provide a link?
4. (66) Registered Nurses
5. (55) Public Health Information Needs Bibliography RN Barr Library MDH
6. (49) The Royal College of Nursing's information needs survey of nurses and health professionals
- Bertulis - 2008 - Health Information & Libraries Journal - Wiley Online Library
34. (49) Human Resources for Health | Full text | Information needs of health care workers in
developing countries: a literature review with a focus on Africa
7. (44) Understanding Nurses''' Information Needs and Searching Behavior in Acute Care Settings
8. (39) New developments in genetics'''knowledge, attitudes and information needs of practice

nurses ''' Fam Pract
9. (22) Information needs and seeking behaviour of nurses at the University College Hospital,
42 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
Ibadan, Nigeria | African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science | Find Articles at
BNET
10. (21) Information Needs and Uses of the Public Health Workforce -- Washington, 1997-1998
11. (19) Information Resources: MedlinePlus: Key Resource for Both Health Consumers and Health
Professionals
12. (18) Information Needs of Connecticut School Nurses: Assessment and Resource
Implementation
13. (13) HIFA2015 2009 Challenge: Nurses and midwives
14. (12) Nursing Magazines
15. (11) Information Needs of Connecticut School Nurses: Assessment and Resource
Implementation
18. (11) HIFA2015 (Healthcare Information For All by 2015) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
16. (10) Information Needs and Uses of Nurses in Thailand: What Thai Nursing Needs to Prepare
for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
17. (8) CiteULike: From the ground up: information needs of nurses in a rural public health
department in Oregon.
24. (8) Medical Library Association
41. (8) A Guide to Nursing Homes: Skilled Nursing Facilities and Convalescent Homes
18. (7) Intute - Browse results
32. (7) Information needs of Connecticut, USA school nurses: assessment and resource
implementation - UQ eSpace
6. (7) A literature review on the information needs of urology nurses | Eli Bastin Poster
EAHIL2010
4. (7) The Information Needs of Registered Nurses in Northeastern New York State (HSA V).
19. (6) 'Now I come to think of it' - uncertainty and information need in nursing
25. (6) Nurses.com: Digital Marketplace for the nursing industry
20. (5) AACN - Media - Nursing Shortage Resource
21. (4) From pull to push: understanding nurses' information needs ''' Health Informatics Journal
22. (3) ingentaconnect Nurses - their information needs and use of libraries: the views .
43 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM
28. (3) 42874
19. (3) Nursing@Ovid - Single-Source Solution
12. (3) Interagency Council on Information Resources in Nursing - About ICIRN
26. (3) USA NMMDS - NURS - Center for Nursing Minimum Data Set Knowledge Discovery,
University of Minnesota
30. (3) Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and
Nurses -- McKnight et al. 9 (Suppl 6): S64 -- Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association
15. (3) Information needs and seeking behaviour of nurses at the University College Hospital,
Ibadan, Nigeria.(Survey) - African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science |
HighBeam Research - FREE trial
23. (2) AORN Library
39. (2) JSTOR: An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie
24. (1) Library | NYS Nurses Association
35. (1) INVENT - Home
37. (1) Information Technology: Changing Nursing Processes at the Po. : Nursing Administration
Quarterly
40. (1) Community Health Nurses' AIDS Information Needs - Journal of Community Health
Nursing
44 of 44 9/10/2010 7:18 AM

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INFORMATION NEEDS OF NURSES

structured interviews of a sample of 22 community nurse prescribers reported by Hall et al.

O rganized in 1960, the Interagency Council on Information Resources in Nursing is

information needs. [10]

Identify collaborative services strategies and education opportunities to improve knowledge-based

Jackie Cheeseborough, Learning Development Manager for Information Knowledge

Respondents reported print, health professionals, and online/electronic

influence on prescribing is largely uninvestigated. [11] Pharmaceutical industry

Vidal L, Shavit M, Fraser A, Paul M, Leibovici L: Systematic comparison of four sources of

To establish an effective system of information resources in nursing to advance the profession

Identifying the longitudinal development of information seeking behaviour is not, apparently,

Practice nurses' knowledge regarding the importance of family history in a range of

We decided to use a hard-copy questionnaire to ensure that we reached the

Washington Area Health Education Centers (AHECs). [27]

Further research is needed to determine optimal development, structure, delivery, and

Supporting tobacco control researchers through library services and information

Availability of health information provides confidence in clinical decision-

RANKED SELECTED SOURCES

(42 source documents arranged by frequency of occurrence in the above report)

4. (66) Registered Nurses

5. (55) Public Health Information Needs Bibliography RN Barr Library MDH

8. (39) New developments in genetics'''knowledge, attitudes and information needs of practice

13. (13) HIFA2015 2009 Challenge: Nurses and midwives

14. (12) Nursing Magazines

24. (8) Medical Library Association

18. (7) Intute - Browse results

25. (6) Nurses.com: Digital Marketplace for the nursing industry

20. (5) AACN - Media - Nursing Shortage Resource

28. (3) 42874

19. (3) Nursing@Ovid - Single-Source Solution

12. (3) Interagency Council on Information Resources in Nursing - About ICIRN

23. (2) AORN Library

39. (2) JSTOR: An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie

24. (1) Library | NYS Nurses Association

35. (1) INVENT - Home

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