AGRICULTURAL SOCIOLOGY

PAPER “The Definition of Agricultural Sociology”

By :

Yulinda Tyas (17/409600/PN/14988)

Dinda Fahira (17/409618/PN/15006)

Mafaza Nuana Azizah (17/409621/PN/15009)

Sujata Sari Teteki (17/409625/PN/15013)

Yan Erisma Gangga (17/409626/PN/15014)

Dewi Sagita A. R. (17/1619/PN/01619)

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

YOGYAKARTA

2018
 AGRICULTURAL SOCIOLOGY

A. Definition of Sociology
The terminology 'sosiologi' comes from Latin and Greek, the word 'socius' and
'logos'. 'Socius' (Greek) which means 'friend', 'consort', or 'society'. While the 'logos' means
'science' or also 'talk about anything'. Thus literally the term "sociology" can mean the
science of society .
According to the experts, there are some definition of sociology. WR. Ogbum and
MF Nimkoff in his book: A Handbook of Sociology, defines as follows; Sociology is the
scientific meaning of social life scientifically. Sociology is the study of the social life.
Then, George A. Lunberg and his friends, in their book, "Sociology", said that sociology
is the social behavior of the individual and the group, which means Sociology is the study
of social behavior rather than people or groups.
Ginsberg in his book, The Study of Society, gave a definition Sociology is the study
of society, meaning Sociology is the study of society that is studying the inter-action and
inter-human relationships as well as the terms and consequences.
Max Weber argued that sociology is a science that tries to understand and
summarize a social act and its causal. Cuber in his book Sociology, A Synopsi of Principles
provide restrictions, Sociology is the science of the interrelationships between humans.
Bierensdehan in his book entitled Sociology, Ontwikkeling en Methode provides
limits: "Sociology is the study of social life". Sorokin in his book, Culture and Personality
says: Sociological study social phenomena from the point of general culture, learn the
essential nature of these symptoms, as well as the relationship between the symptoms were
very much.
Dr. PJ Bouman, Sociology is the study of human life in a group environment. Queen
& Repke in his book Living in the Social World said: Sociology is a science that studies
the life of the group (social group is a study of life). Ibn Chaldun defines Sociology is the
study of human society in a variety of forms, nature and characteristics of the traps of this
form and the laws controlling development.
 Prof. MM Djojodiguna, SH., Defines Sociology is the science of targeted social
life, it means that the object is investigated as social life. Spencer, Sociology is the study
of growing up and the obligations of society. Roucek and Warren in his book, Sociology,
an Introduction. Sociology, study of the relationship between people and groups. Prof. Dr.
Selosoemardjan and Soelaeman Soemardi, SH., In his book "Bungan sprig of Sociology".
Sociology (the science community), the study of social structure and social processes,
including social changes.
Based on all the definition above, we can conclude that sociology is the science
about the society. It conclude the interaction between one person with the others, one
person with a group, or a group with another group and also the structure and social
processes in that society.
B. The Definition of Agricultural Sociology
Agricultural Sociology is a science that talks about the Agricultural Society is the
interaction that occurs and affect the life of the Agricultural Society, whether interactions
that occur internally, i.e. from within the community, or interaction from outside or due to
external contact contact with outsiders, or as a result of a rule or government policy.
Agricultural sociology reveals the reality of the life of the Agricultural Society and the
relationships between these realities.
The experts also have their own thoughts about the definition of agricultural
sociology. Rahardjo says in his book entitled Introduction to Rural Sociology and
Agriculture, Agricultural sociology is a key characteristic of the world's villages. Keeping
in mind the agricultural course for the village environment, it can be well understood.
Rusidi said that agricultural sociology can be examined in various ways, i.e. in a
quantitative way such as institutional development to members, participation of farmer
groups, attitudes of peasant groups, education level, livelihoods, inter-institutional
relationships, level of community prosperity, and population issues.
Rachbini, D.J said, agricultural sociology in the sector of economic development
in this country has not managed to seep down, the cause because the economic
development that is run is behind the dimensions of ethics and human elements as the
subject of development itself. Here it means the growth of peasant farmers.
 Ohrella say in his book entitled Sociology, Sociology of agriculture without
alignment to the empowerment of farming communities, will be very difficult to be able to
guide farmers into subjects of development and structural transformation at the same time,
let alone the quality of agricultural human resources in the dominance of low-educated
workers. According to Dedi Sufyadi (2011), agricultural sociology is a discourse around
the complex problems of agricultural societies.
So, we can conclude that agricultural sociology is the science about agricultural
society with all the components, procceses, structure and this science could be examined
in many ways of quantitative.
C. The Scope of Agricultural Sociology

Agricultural sociology in the dimension of space is agricultural geography, in the

dimension of time is the history of agriculture, in the normative dimension is agrarian law,
in the cultural dimension is the science of culture, in the political dimension is agricultural
politics, in the category dimension is agricultural statistics.

The object of agricultural sociology is the whole population who farm without
regard to the type of residence. Rural sociology uses location approach, in this case
"settlement".

The main things in agricultural sociology are :

 socio-agricultural organizations (agricultural structures),

 agricultural business,
 forms of agricultural organization,
 social problems of agriculture.
D. The Definition of Rural Sociology
According to the sociologists, there are some definition about rural sociology, such
as :
1. T.L. Smith says that “such sociological facts and principles as are derived from
the study of rural social relationship may be referred to as rural sociology.”
2. D. Sanderson says that “Rural Sociology is the sociology of life in the rural
environment.”
 3. According to F.S Chapins “the sociology of rural life is a study of rural
population, rural organizatin, and the rural social processes operative in rural
society
4. According to A.R.Desai “....the prime objective of a rural sociology should be
to make a scintific, systematic and comperhensive study of the rural social
organization, of its structure, function, and objective tendencies of development
and on the basic of such study, to discover the laws of its development.

Based on all the definition above, we can get the conclusion that rural sociology is
the science about how the rural people are interacting each other in the rural society.

E. The Differences between Rural and Urban

We define the term ‘rural’ as a region located on the outskirts. It refers to a small
settlement, which is outside the boundaries of a city, commercial or industrial area. It may
include, countryside areas, villages or hamlets, where there are natural vegetation and open
spaces. There is a low density of population in such area. The primary source of income of
the residents is agriculture and animal husbandry. Cottage Industries also form a chief
source of income here.

The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and
possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings. The people residing in such area,
are engaged in trade, commerce or services. In this settlement, there is high scale
industrialisation that results in better employment opportunities. The Urban settlement is
not confined to the cities only, but towns and suburbs (suburban areas) are also included in
it.
The fundamental differences between urban and rural are discussed in the following
points:
1. A settlement where the population is very high and has the features of a built
environment (an environment that provides basic facilities for human activity), is
known as urban. Rural is the geographical region located in the outer parts of the cities
or towns.
2. The life in urban areas is fast and complicated, whereas rural life is simple and relaxed.
 3. The Urban settlement includes cities and towns. On the other hand, the rural settlement
includes villages and hamlets.
4. There is greater isolation from nature in urban areas, due to the existence of the built
environment. Conversely, rural areas are in direct contact with nature, as natural
elements influence them.
5. Urban people are engaged in non-agricultural work, i.e. trade, commerce or service
industry. In contrast, the primary occupation of rural people is agriculture and animal
husbandry.
6. Population wise, urban areas are densely populated, which is based on the urbanisation,
i.e. the higher the urbanisation, the higher is the population. On the contrary, the rural
population is sparse, which has an inverse relationship with agriculturism.
7. Urban areas are developed in a planned and systematic way, according to the process
of urbanisation and industrialisation. Development in rural areas is seldom, based on
the availability of natural vegetation and fauna in the region.
8. When it comes to social mobilisation, urban people are highly intensive as they change
their occupation or residence frequently in search of better opportunities. However, in
rural areas occupational or territorial mobility of the people is relatively less intensive.
9. Division of labour and specialisation is always present in the urban settlement at the
time of job allotment. As opposed to rural areas, there is no division of labour.
F. The Correlation between Rural Sociology and Agriculture Science
Based on the fact that Indonesian people live in the rural comunity so the corelation
between rural sociology and agriculture is so near. It’s not only one in Indonesia but around
the world has the positive correlation with agriculture. So, we can say that agriculture is
the characteristic of rural life in the world.
It can be seen on the fact that the human live on the land (soil), the corelation each
other activities (work structure), the system of economical society and politic (the
authorization system). All of the social structure is called Agrarian Law.
 To make it easy to understand, it is made clearly by the picture :

Agricultural
Rural Society
science

Rural
Sociology Agricultural
society

Farming

- The observation based on material object

If we look it from material object, agriculture include in rural object because the people,
especially their activities in the farm was happen in the rural society
- The observatin based on the analyzing
Agriculture, especially the social economic use the result from rural sociology study and
the agriculture explain to us the phenomenon which is related to the farmer, it is suitable
with the new inovation in the agriculture.
On the other way, rural and agriculture sociology get the idea from agriculture science
when the habbit of the farmer have to explain based on the related with the nature
- The research of agriculture sociology
It is built by the scientific appearance to looking for empirical evidence such us objective
data in the number form. Like the other branch of science, the research of agriculture
sociology is done by understanding two main goal as a science, they are :
1. To explain clearly and exactly about the phenomenon
2. To explain clearly what is the reason of the phenomenon.

The research must follow the procedure that was made.

The next level, people in the rural society will not be quite but also follow the
increase of the technology which is touched almost aspect of our life, include the agricuture
as the basic of our life, this phenomenin is called the modernization. The modernization in
agriculture is Green Revolution. It was started since 1968, there are so many change about
the people do, and then it will be impact on the production, social habbit, and prosperity.

For the example of the change because of modernization n the agriculture science
is the loosing of work by the activities on the farm when harvest season. Change the social
interaction is seen clearly in the relationship to help each other when the people work in
the farm.
 Bibliography

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Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP Unsyiah. Volume 2, Nomor
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Rahardjo, 1999. Pengantar Sosiologi Pedesaan dan Pertanian. Edisi Pertama : Gadjah
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Subejo. 2004. RKPS dan Bahan Ajar Sosiologi Pertania Program Studi Penyuluhan dan
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