TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

TRIGONOMETRY-is derived from the ancient Greek language and means

____________________ of triangles.

A trigonometric ratio is a ratio of the lengths of two _____________ of a right triangle.

Task 1.- Fill in the blanks.

The three basic trigonometric ratios are sine, cosine, and tangent, which are abbreviated
sin, cos, and tan, respectively.

Sine X= Cosine X = Tangent X=

Task 2.- Fill in the blanks.

sin B= sin A=

cos B = cos A =

tan B= tan A=

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 Task 3.-Fill in the table. Round decimals to the nearest hundredth. Answer the
questions.

opposite adjacent opposite

ANGLE
TRIANGLE ADJACENT OPPOSITE HYPOTENUSE hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
mÐA
(SINE) (COSINE) (TANGENT)

DAMB 27º 6 6.71

DANC 27º 4 8.94

DAOD 14 7 15.65

DAPE 10 22.36

a) What is the value of the sine in the four triangles?

b) What is the value of the cosine in the four triangles?

c) What is the value of the tangent in the four triangles?

d) Why do you think you got the above answers?

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Task 4.-Use the right triangle DLMN shown below to answer the following questions.
a.) mÐM + mÐN = __________ , therefore we can assume that ÐM and ÐN

are ______________________ angles.

b.) ÐM is the __________________ of ÐN .

c.) ÐN is the __________________ of ÐM .

d.)According to their measures, ÐM and ÐN are classified as ___________ angles.

e.)Find the value of the hypotenuse ___________

f.) Find the three trigonometric ratios with respect to angle M and angle N.

Sin N =____________ Sin M=_______________

Cos N=_____________ Cos M=_______________

Tan N=_____________ Tan M=_______________

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Task 5.- Fill in the blanks.

Sin M = ________

10
8 Cos M =________

Tan M =________

Sin N = ________

Cos N =________
10
8
Tan N =________

a.) What is the relationship between the sine of an angle and the cosine of the complement
of the angle? __________________________________________________________

b.) If the sine of a 30° angle is 0.5, what is the value of the cosine of a 60° angle?

_____________why?________________________________________________________

c.)If you multiply the tangent of a 30° angle by the tangent of a 60° angle, the product is
____________
why?_______________________________________________________________

d.) The tangent of an angle is the____________________of the tangent of its complement.

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 SOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLES

Task 1.-Find the sine, the cosine and the tangent of the acute angles of the right
triangle shown below.
1.) Do you have all the information required to compute the trigonometric
ratios?__________________________________________________________

2.) How can you find the measure of the missing side?______________________
_______________________________________________________________

Sin M=______

Cos M=______

Tan M=______
5

Sin N=______

Cos N=______
3
Tan N=______

Task 2.- Solve each right triangle ABC. Round decimals to the nearest hundredth.

a = _______ ÐA = 36.2°
1.) b = _______ ÐB = ______
c = 68 ÐC = ______

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 a = _______ ÐA = ______
2.) b = _______ ÐB = 15.8°
c = 12.2 ÐC = ______

a = _______ ÐA = 82.1°
3.) b = 246 ÐB = ______
c = _______ ÐC = ______

a = 2.4 ÐA = ______
4.) b = _______ ÐB = 65.4°
c = _______ ÐC = ______

a = 230 ÐA = ______
5.) b = _______ ÐB = ______
c = 320 ÐC = ______

a = 52.5 ÐA = ______
6.) b = 28.0 ÐB = ______
c = ______ ÐC = ______

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 SOLVING PROBLEMS BY USING TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS I

Task 1.- Solve the following problems using the three basic trigonometric ratios.
Round angles to degrees (no decimals) and distances to hundredths (two decimals)

sin q = cos q = tan q =

hypotenuse hypotenuse

1.) What is the height of a flag pole when the angle of elevation of the sun is 37º and
the shadow it casts is 20 m long?
M

37°
L 20 m N

2.) What is the angle of elevation of the sun when a flagpole 22.5 m high casts a
shadow 20 m long? M

22.5 m

L N
20 m

3.) The string that holds the kite is 60 m long and it makes a 53° angle with the
ground. Find the height of the kite.
A

x
60 m

53º
C B

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 4.) The string that holds the kite is 50 m long and the distance from the bottom of the
string to a point directly under the kite is 15 m. Find the angle of elevation of the
kite.

5.) Find the length of the shadow.

50 m

35°
n
shadow

6.) Find the height of the tower and the length of the cable attached to the tower.

y
x

65°
. 30 m

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 SOLVING PROBLEMS BY USING TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS II
Task 1.- Solve the following problems using the three basic trigonometric ratios. Do
not use Pythagoras theorem for this exercise.
8
1.)Find the cosine and tangent of angle , if sin =
17

4
2.) Find the sine and cosine of angle , if tan =
3

5
3.) Find the sine and tangent of angle , if cos =
13

4.) Find the measure of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle, if its height is 10 cm
long.

5.) How much do you have to pay for an equilateral triangular piece of crystal if each side
is 40 m long? The price of a square meter of crystal is $200.00.

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 SOLVING PROBLEMS USING TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS III
Task 1.- Solve the following problems using the three basic trigonometric ratios.

1.)What is the angle of elevation of the sun when a tree 6.25 m tall casts a shadow 10.1 m
long?

2.)A boy flying a kite is standing 30 ft from a point directly under the kite. If the string to
the kite is 50 ft long, find the angle of elevation of the kite.

3.) How far from the base of a building is the bottom of a 30 ft ladder that makes an angle
of 75° with the ground?

4.)A cable 4 m long is attached to a pole. The cable is staked to the ground 1.75m from the
base of the pole. Find the angle that the cable makes with the ground.

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5.)The angle of elevation of the summit of a mountain from the bottom of a ski lift is 33°. A
skier rides 1000ft on this ski lift to get to the summit. Calculate the height of the mountain.

6.)The approach pattern to an airport requires pilots to set an 11° angle of descent toward
the runway. If a plane is flying at an altitude of 9500 m, at what distance (measured along
the ground ) from the airport must the pilot start the descent?

7.)The distance from the point directly under a hot balloon to the point where the balloon is
staked to the ground is 285 ft. The angle of elevation up the rope to the balloon is 48°. Find
the height of the balloon.

8.) Opposite corners of a small rectangular park are joined by diagonal paths, each 360 m
long. What are the dimensions of the park if the paths intersect at a 65° angle?

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