GW Geology FrenchmanCreek

Ground-Water Geology and
Pump Irrigation in
Frenchman Creek Basin
Above Palisade, Nebraska
By W. D. E. CARDWELL and EDWARD D. JENKINS
With a section on THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER
By E. R. JOCHENS and R. A. KRIEGER
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1577
Prepared as part of the program of the

Department of the Interior for development
of the Missouri River basin
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Thomas B. Nolan, Director
The U.S. Geological Survey catalog card for this publication appears after page 472.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D.C.
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract. _ ______________-____--_--__--_-------------_---------- 1
Introduction_ __________________-___________----_-_----_--------- 2
Purpose and scope of the investigation___-____-____---___-------- 2
Location and extent of the area_____________________-____--_---- 3
Previous investigations.-_______________-_-__---__-------------- 3
Methods of study_________________________-_-_--_-_-----_--- 5
Well-numbering system____________________________-_--------__ 6
Acknowledgments. ________________________-_-___------_--_--_- 7
Geography ___ _____________-___________-_-_-_-__---__-_---------- 8
Topography and drainage._____________________________________ 8
Upland areas underlain by the Ogallala formation _____________ 8
Upland areas underlain by loess of the Sanborn formation ______ 9
Upland dune-sand areas.___________-____-____-----------___ 9
Valley areas_-____________-______-__-__-__----__-------_-- 11
Climate. _____________________________________________ 13
Mineral resources and industries ________________---__-----_-__ 15
Agriculture ____________-______________-__------_____--------__ 17
Population___ _ ______________________________________________ 21
Transportation __ ______________--_________----_____-_--_--_---- 22
Geology..__________________________________________ 23"
Summary of stratigraphy.______________________________________ 23
Geologic history.______________________________________________ 23
Proterozoic era_________________.________-_____-___-_-_--__ 23
Paleozoic era____________________________________________ 25
Mesozoic era______-___-_-_______-___-_-_________--____-_ 26
Cenozoic era______________________________________________ 27
Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties.________________ 30
Upper Cretaceous series._______________________________________ 30
Pierre shale_______________________________________________ 30
Oligocene series_______________________________________________ 34
White River group_______________________________________ 34
Chadron formation ______________________________________ 34
Brule formation___________________________________ ...____ 36
Pliocene series.._______________________________________________ 40
Ogallala formation...______________________________________ 40
Pleistocene and Recent series.__________________________________ 49
Sanborn formation_______________________________________ 49
Dune sand______________________________________________ 51
Alluvium _________________________________________________ 53
Hydrologic properties of water-bearing materials._________________ 53
Aquifer tests ____________________________________________ 55
m
IV CONTENTS
Page
Ground water,____________________________________________________ 64
Occurrence._--_______________________-______------------_-_-- 64
Water table_____________________________________-_-------_,-_ 66
Shape and slope of the water table__-___-____-_--___--------- 68
Fluctuations of the water table..____________________________ 70
Recharge._______________________________.___---_-_--_---_-_-. 73
Precipitation_ _ __________________________-_-__-_--_----__ 73
Seepage from reservoirs, canals, and irrigation.-.._____________ 76
Topographic depressions__________________________________ 77
Streams._-_________-____________-__-___--------_-------_- 77
Discharge.___________________________________________________ 78
Transpiration and evaporation______________________________ 79
Streams, springs, and seeps.________________________________ 83
Wells. ___---____-_________-_-____-----___-------_------__ 85
Domestic and'stock wells________-_-____--__-___---_-___ 86
Municipal wells_______________________________________ 87
Industrial wells_________________-_____-_--__----_--__ 88
Irrigation wells--_-____________-------_-------_----_--_ 88
Subsurface outflow_______________________________________ 93
Summary of annual discharge and recharge.______________________ 96
Quantity in storage.___________________________________________ 96
Well construction_____________________-_-____-----_-_-_-----_ 97
Exploration for ground water.__________________---_---_---_-___ 99
Chemical quality of the water, by E. R. Jochens and R. A. Krieger______ 100
Surface water__________________________________________________ 101
Ground water_________________________________________________ 104
Domestic use.____________________________________________ 104
Irrigation use.____________________________________________ 109
Prospective depletion of streamflow by pump irrigation ________________ 110
Computations..__ _____________________________________________ 114
Conclusions--_ ________________ _ ______________________________ 122
Selected references.________________________________________________ 123
Basic data______________________________________________________ 129
Index._________________________________________________._-_______ 469
ILLUSTRATIONS
[Plates are in plate volume]
PLATE 1. Map showing areal geology of Frenchman Creek basin.

2. Fence diagram showing subsurface geology of Frenchman Creek basin,
Colorado.
3. Fence diagram showing subsurface geology of Frenchman Creek basin,
Nebraska.
4. Map of Frenchman Creek basin showing the distribution of annual
precipitation.
5. Map showing location of wells, depth to water below land surface, and
configuration of the water table (summer 1952) in Frenchman Creek
basin.
CONTENTS V
PLATE 6. Map showing location of test holes and the configuration of the bed-
rock surface in Frenchman Creek basin.
7. Map of Frenchman Creek basin showing location of aquifer tests, lines
of equal transmissibility, and lines along which subsurface outflow
was computed.
8. Saturated thickness of post-Oligocene deposits in the Frenchman Creek
basin.
9. Location of water-sampling points.
10. Irrigable areas in which withdrawal of ground water may deplete the
flow of Frenchman, Spring, and Stinking Water Creeks and the
points at which streamflow was measured on October 23, 1952.
Page
FIGURE 1. Map showing location of area of investigation._____________ 4
2. Sketch showing well-numbering system__________________ 7
3. Aerial photograph showing flood plain and meandering channel
of Frenchman Creek about 13 miles downstream from the
point of effluence and approximately 1.5 miles west of
Champion, Nebr-__________-_________--__--__-------- 10
4. Diagram showing influent and effluent streams--__---_-___- 11
5. Aerial photograph showing dendritic drainage pattern and
dissection of loess uplands______________--___-_-_----__ 12
6. Annual precipitation at Holyoke, Colo____________________ 14
7. Annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal
precipitation at Leroy, Colo___________________________ 15
precipitation at Yuma, Colo________________--__-__-_-- 16
precipitation at Imperial, Nebr_______________________ 17
10. Annual precipitation at Palisade, Nebr_____________--_---_ 18
precipitation at Wauneta, Nebr________L__-____-------- 19
12. Normal monthly precipitation at Leroy, Yuma, and Holyoke,
Colo., and at Imperial, Wauneta, and Palisade, Nebr_____ 20
13. Log of test hole 4-34-2aaa____________________ 32
14. Part of log of test hole 10-44-31ccc_______________-_ 33
15. Particle-size distribution of sample of Chadron formation at
depth of 332 to 337 feet in test hole 8-39-lccc, Chase
County, Nebr____________________________ 37
16. Particle-size distribution of sample of Chadron formation at
depth of 505 to 580 feet in test hole 10-43-6bbb, Sedgwick
County, Colo___________________.________.__-_-_-__ 38
17. Particle-size distribution of sample of sand and gravel from
the Ogallala formation at depth of 142 to 152 feet in test
hole 8-42-32dcc, Phillips County, Colo____________ 43
hole 8-42-32dcc, Phillips County, Colo___________._ 44
hole 9-37-36ddd, Perkins County, Nebr_______________ 45
hole ll-38-36aaa, Perkins County, Nebr__________ 46
VI CONTENTS
Page
FIGURE 21. Part of log of test hole 3-42-3lbdd_.-_______________.__ 47
22. Part of log of test hole 8-35-3Iccc______________________ 48
23. Contact of colluvial loess of the Sanborn formation with
"mortar beds" of the Ogallala formation ________________ 50
24. Diagrammatic section of the piezometric surface near a well
that is being pumped _________________________________ 56
25. Logarithmic graph of the well-function type curve____ ______ 58
26. Aquifer-test data superposed on the type curve; data from
test of well 7-43-33acd______-__________--_-_-.____-- 59
27. Semilogarithmic graph of aquifer-test data for application of
modified Theis formula; data from test of well 7-43-33acd_ 59
28. Relation of specific capacity of wells tapping the Ogallala
formation to the transmissibility of that formation in the
vicinity of the wells___________________________________ 62
29. Relation of the water table to the land surface and to bodies
of surface water._____________________________________ 66
30. Diagram illustrating artesian and water-table conditions __ __ 67
31. Diagram of wells explaining effect of changes in atmospheric
pressure. _ _____-___-__--______-__---_-__---_-__---_-- 72
32. Hydrographs for wells in Colorado and monthly precipitation
at Holyoke, Colo_____________________________________ 74
33. Hydrographs for wells in Nebraska and monthly precipita-
tion at Imperial, Nebr_ _______________________________ 75
34. Effect of recharge from a stream on the drawdown of a pumped
well__________________--___________-______-_-_-_--__- 78
35. Base curve of transpiration ______________________________ 80
36. Evaporation rate from land areas at various temperatures and
rates of rainfall_____________________________________ 81
37. Hydrographs for Frenchman Creek at points near Hamlet,
Enders, Imperial, and Champion, Nebr., and for Stinking
Water Creek near Wauneta, Nebr.; graph of daily precipi-
tation at Imperial, Nebr., from October 1, 1947, to Septem-
ber 30, 1948______________-________________-__--__._- 84
38. Number of irrigation wells constructed during the period
1910-53 and estimated construction for the period 1953-57_ 89
39. Estimated rate of development of irrigation with ground
water,______________________________________________ 111
40. Streamflow and its computed depletion in Frenchman Creek
upstream from Palisade, Nebr________-___-_-____--__-__ 113
41. Streamflow and its computed depletion in Spring Creek at its
confluence with Stinking Water Creek near Palisade, Nebr_ 114
42. Streamflow and its computed depletion in Stinking Water
Creek upstream from Palisade, Nebr_____-________-_-___ 115
43. Theis-Conover chart for determining the percentage of
pumped water being diverted from a stream of infinite
length_______________________________________________ 118
44. Diagram showing system corresponding to the flow from a
finite-line source into a well_____-___--_________________ 121
CONTENTS VII
TABLES
Page
TABLE 1. Summary of climatic data recorded at four Weather Bureau
stations in the Frenchman Creek basin ___________---_ 13
2. Livestock on farms in Phillips County, Colo., and Chase
County, Nebr_______-_--__-_____________--_____- 18
3. Crops harvested in Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County,
Nebr___ __________.________________-__ - - 20
4. Area and estimate of population of the Frenchman Creek
basin in 1950, by counties-___-______-___--------------- 21
5. Population of Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County,
Nebr__ __________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ 22
6. Generalized section of the stratigraphic units younger than
the Niobrara in the Frenchman Creek basin and their
water-bearing properties_____--_-__---_---------------- 24
7. Summary of the results of aquifer tests____________________ 60
8. Classification of aquifers according to transmissibility and
estimates of probable yields of properly constructed and
developed wells.________________________-_--_--------- 63
9. Climatologic data,________________________-_---_--_----- 82
10. Summary of climatologic and ground-water data____________ 82
11. Distribution of wells according to intended use______________ 85
12. Estimate of water pumped daily from domestic and stock
wells in Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr__ 86
13. Summary of municipal water supplies____________--_-__-- 87
14. Type of power used to operate irrigation pumps_--______-.__ 90
15. Reported number of acres irrigated with water from wells
and average number of acres irrigated per well in 1953-___ 90
16. Quantity of water pumped from irrigation wells in the basin __ 92
17. Electric-power and service costs, consumption of power, and
efficiencies of pumps for 12 irrigation wells in 1953__--_- 94
18. Average power costs per foot of lift for engines and motors
in pumping an acre-foot of water________________------_- 95
19. Subsurface outflow from the Frenchman Creek basin. _ ______ 95
20. Subsurface flow across the Colorado-Nebraska State line____ 96
21. Quantity of ground water discharged annually and equivalent
rate of annual recharge from precipitation.-______-___-_-_ 97
22. Chemical analyses of surface water in Nebraska--___________ 102
23. Chemical analyses of ground water__-___-_-_-_--__-------- 105
24. Suitability of water from public supplies for domestic use. _ _ _ 108
25. Depletion of streamflow in Frenchman Creek from the point
of effluence to the gaging station near Imperial, Nebr., and
to the gaging station at Palisade, Nebr_________________ 119
26. Depletion of streamflow in Spring Creek from the point of
effluence to the mouth of Spring Creek and depletion of
flow in Stinking Water Creek from the point of effluence
to the gaging station near Palisade, Nebr_____.____-_-_-_ 120
27. Sample logs of test holes_______-_____________________--__ 130
28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells __ 208
29. Records of wells________________________________. 424
30. Measurements of water levels in observation wells.__________ 458
GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY AND PUMP IRRIGATION IN
FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN ABOVE PALISADE, NEBRASKA
By W. D. E. CARDWELL and EDWARD D. JENKINS
ABSTRACT
This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of
that part of the Frenchman Creek basin upstream from Palisade, Nebr., an area
of about 4,900 square miles. The basin includes all of Phillips County, Colo.,
and Chase County, Nebr., and parts of Logan, Sedgwick, Washington, and Yuma
Counties, Colo., and Dundy, Hayes, Hitchcock, and Perkins Counties, Nebr. The
land surface ranges from nearly flat to rolling; choppy hills and interdune saddles
are common in the areas of dune sand, and steep bluffs and gullies cut the edges
of the relatively flat loess plateaus. Most of the basin is drained by tributaries
of Frenchman Creek, but parts of the sandhills are undrained. Farming and
livestock raising are the principal industries. Irrigation with ground water has
expanded rapidly since 1934.
The rocks exposed in the basin are largely unconsolidated and range in age from
Pliocene to Recent. They comprise the Ogallala formation (Pliocene), the San-
born formation (Pleistocene and Recent?), dune sand (Pleistocene and Recent),
and alluvium (Recent). The rocks underlying the Ogallala are the Pierre shale
(Late Cretaceous) and the White River group (Oligocene). The Pierre shale is
relatively impermeable and yields little or no water to wells. The White River
group also is relatively impermeable and yields little or no water to wells; however,
small to moderate quantities of water possibly may be obtained from wells that
penetrate fractured or "porous" zones in the upper part of the White River group
or permeable channel deposits within the group. The Ogallala formation is the
main aquifer in the basin and yields moderate to large quantities of water to
wells. The Sanborn formation and the dune sand generally lie above the water
table, but in areas of high water table the dune sand yields small quantities of
water to wells for domestic and stock supplies. The alluvium, which includes
the low terrace deposits bordering the major streams, yields small to large quanti-
ties of water to wells.
The ground-water reservoir is recharged only from precipitation on the basin.
Of the average annual precipitation of 19.5 inches, about 0.9 inch infiltrates to the
water table, thereby contributing about 220,000 acre-feet of water annually to
the ground-water reservoir. About 81 million acre-feet of water that could
drain under gravity, and thus theoretically is available to wells, is held in ground-
water storage in the basin. Water is discharged from the ground-water reser-
voir by wells, evaporation and transpiration, springs, seepage into streams, and
movement into adjacent areas to the east and southeast. Most of the domestic,
stock, and irrigation water supplies and all the public supplies are pumped from
wells.
1
2 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
During 1953, 96 wells were used to irrigate 10,000 acres of land with 19,000
acre-feet of water. About 34,000 acre-feet of water is evaporated and transpired
annually in the valleys of the main streams and in areas of shallow water table
in the sandhills.
From the projection of base-flow measurements made during 1952, it was esti-
mated that the average annual flow of Frenchman Creek into the reservoir above
Enders Dam is about 57,000 acre-feet. By similar determinations, the average
annual flow of Frenchman Creek at the gaging station at Palisade, Nebr., about
22 miles downstream from Enders Dam, is about 76,000 acre-feet, and the flow
of Stinking Water Creek at the gaging station near Palisade is about 22,000 acre-
feet. The combined flow of Frenchman and Stinking Water Creeks at their
confluence near Palisade thus is about 98,000 acre-feet per year. About 90,000
acre-feet of ground water is estimated to move eastward each year across the
Colorado-Nebraska State line within the basin.
Additional irrigation wells that will tap the Ogallala formation and the alluvium
in the major valleys undoubtedly will be drilled. On the basis of current esti-
mates of future irrigation withdrawals, it is concluded that by the year 2008 the
additional pumping of water from wells will shift the point of effluence of French-
man Creek downstream about 5 miles and that of Spring Creek 1 or 2 miles.
This depletion will reduce the annual flow of Frenchman Creek into Enders
Reservoir by about 17,000 acre-feet and will reduce the combined annual flow
of Frenchman, Spring, and Stinking Water Creeks at Palisade by about 20,000
acre-feet. Recharge to the ground-water reservoir during 1952 and 1953 approxi-
mately balanced the discharge of ground water from the reservoir. Although
lowering the water table will reduce to some extent the evapotranspiration losses
and will salvage some runoff in the streams above their new and lower points of
effluence, the net effect probably will be negligible perhaps about 1 percent of
the average annual streamflow of Frenchman Creek at Palisade.
The ground and surface waters are moderately mineralized, and in most of
the basin they are of the calcium bicarbonate type. The percent sodium
and the concentration of boron are low; therefore, the water rates as excellent
for irrigation. The water is suitable for domestic use, but it is hard.
The field data upon which the report is based are given in tables and figures
they include records of 776 wells; chemical analyses of 71 samples of ground
water and 34 samples of surface water; sample logs of 102 test holes; drillers'
logs of 974 wells, test holes, and seismograph shot holes; electric logs of 4 test
holes; and mechanical analyses of 6 samples of water-bearing material.
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION
This investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of
the drainage basin of Frenchman Creek upstream from Palisade,
Nebr. (hereafter called simply "the Frenchman Creek basin" or
"the basin"), in eastern Colorado and western Nebraska, was made
by the Geological Survey as a part of the program of the U.S. De-
partment of the Interior for development of the Missouri River
basin.
Ground water and soil are the two principal natural resources of
the Frenchman Creek basin. Ground water is used to supply the
population, to water livestock, and to irrigate 10,000 acres of land.
INTRODUCTION 3
It is replenished only by precipitation within the basin. Although

continued pumping at the present (1954) rate would not result in
a significant regional lowering of the water table, the use of ground
water for irrigation in the basin is increasing, and pumping at a
quadrupled or greater rate which is not improbable in the future
would cause both a lowering of the water table and a reduction in
the base flow of perennial streams.
The study was made to determine the occurrence, availability,
movement, quantity, and quality of the ground water that underlies
the basin; the extent and physical characteristics of the water-bearing
materials underlying the basin; the existing and potential develop-
ment of ground water for irrigation; and, at the special request of
the Bureau of Reclamation, the extent to which the future pumping
of ground water might deplete streamflow in Frenchman Creek
upstream from Enders Dam and in Frenchman and Stinking Water
Creeks at Palisade, Nebr.
The investigation upon which this report is based was begun in
August 1951 under the general supervision of G. H. Taylor, regional
engineer of the U.S. Geological Survey in charge of ground-water
investigations in the Missouri River basin, and under the immediate
supervision of T. G. McLaughlin, district geologist, Denver, Colo.
M. L. Klug, engineer, and S. J. Spiegel, W. J. Powell, and R. L.
Schreurs, geologists, assisted in the study for varying periods. F.
E. Busch and V. M. Burtis, engineering aids, ran the instrumental
levels, and K. L. Fitch, Marvin Horton, R. K. Nunley, and M. E.
Weidler assisted in the inventory of wells during the summer of 1952.
The quality-of-water studies were made under the immediate
supervision of P. C. Benedict, regional engineer in charge of quality-
of-water investigations in the Missouri River basin.
LOCATION AND EXTENT OF THE AREA
The report area (fig. 1) includes the drainage basins of Patent,

Sandy, and Red Willow Creeks, which have no surface outlets; the
part of the Frenchman Creek basin that lies in Colorado; and the
part of the basin in Nebraska upstream from Palisade. It includes
all of Phillips County and parts of Logan, Sedgwick, Washington,
and Yuma Counties in Colorado and all of Chase County and parts
of Dundy, Hayes, Hitchcock, and Perkins Counties in Nebraska.
The basin extends about 100 miles from west to east and has an
average width of about 49 miles.
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
The geology and ground-water resources of parts of the basin, and
of adjacent areas having comparable ground-water or geologic prob-
GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
INTRODUCTION 5
lems, have been previously studied by others. Reports on these

studies were consulted freely during the present investigation.
Meek and Hayden (1861), Hague and Emmons (1877), King
(1878), White (1878), and Lee and others (1915) made brief mention
of the geology of the basin and vicinity in papers that concerned
large parts of the central-western United States. Many other investi-
gators have reported on smaller areas or have dealt with special
phases of the geology and ground water in or adjacent to the basin.
Among these specialized papers are those of Cardwell (1953), George
(1913), Burbank, Lovering, Goddard, and Eckel (1935), Lugn (1935,
1939), and Condra, Reed, and Gordon (1947). These and other
references are listed at the end of this report.
METHODS OF STUDY
A network of 38 observation wells, established early in the investiga-

tion, included 16 welts in Colorado and 22 in Nebraska; earlier records
were available for 6 wells in Colorado and 7 wells in Nebraska. One
well in Chase County, Nebr., was equipped with a recording gage.
Records of 776 wells were obtained during the investigation. AH
irrigation wells in the basin, to the writers' knowledge, were
inventoried, and enough other wells were included to define adequately
the position and slope of the water table. The depths of the wells and
the depths to water level were measured in 740 wells by means of a
steel tape. Wherever possible, reported depths of and water levels in
the other wells were obtained from well owners, tenants, or drillers,
some of whom also supplied information concerning the nature and
thickness of the water-bearing materials, yield and drawdown of the
wells, and the use made of the water. The discharges from 76 irrigation
wells were measured with a Hoff current meter. The location of wells
was determined by automobile odometer and by measurements from
section corners or other landmarks.
A reconnaissance of the area! geology, with emphasis on the area
where the flow of Frenchman Creek is most likely to be depleted as a
result of increased pump irrigation, was made during the summer of
1953. Aerial photographs and State highway maps were used in
mapping the geology.
Two test holes were drilled by the Bureau of Reclamation during the
fall of 1951, and, under Bureau contracts, 70 additional test holes were
drilled during the summer and fall of 1952. The holes, most of which
were drilled to bedrock, involved 24,205 feet of drilling. Electric logs
were made of 70 of them. Eleven test holes were cased and developed
for use as observation wells during aquifer tests or as wells to be
included in the regular network of observation wells. Instrumental
levels were run to all the test holes and to 744 wells; temporary bench
6 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASEST
marks were established at or near many section corners. Logs of 30

other wells and test holes were obtained from the Bureau of Reclama-
tion, the University of Nebraska, and other sources. Drillers' logs of
974 wells, test holes, and seismograph shotholes were collected from
well drillers, municipalities, oil companies, railroads, the Rural
Electrification Administration, and the Chamber of Commerce at
Sterling, Colo. Most of these logs included surface and bedrock
altitudes.
To determine the rate of ground-water return flow, or base flow, 27
measurements of the flow of Frenchman Creek and its tributaries were
made during October 1952 by engineers of the Geological Survey and
the Nebraska State Bureau of Irrigation. A Parshall flume was used
to measure the flow of Spring and Stinking Water Creeks during 1952.
The hydrologic properties of aquifers were determined from 24
aquifer tests completed during 1952 and 1953. Six laboratory analyses
of samples of water-bearing materials were made in the hydrologic
laboratory of the Geological Survey at Lincoln, Nebr., primarily to
determine the physical and hydrologic properties of the water-bearing
materials.
Chemical analyses of 34 samples of surface water were available for
study: 13 samples had been collected from Frenchman Creek near
Enders, Nebr., during 1947, 1948, and 1949; 13 samples had been
collected from Frenchman Creek at Culbertson, Nebr., about 18 miles
downstream from Palisade, Nebr., .during the same period; and 8
samples were collected from Enders Reservoir during 1951, 1952, and
1953. Samples of water from 69 representative wells throughout the
area were collected during the course of the well inventory, and the
analyses of samples taken from 2 wells during 1947 were available.
All water samples were analyzed in the chemical laboratory of the
Geological Survey at Lincoln, Nebr.
WELL-NUMBERING SYSTEM
Well numbers in this report are based on the system of land sub-
division of -the Bureau of Land Management. (See fig. 2.) The first
numeral of a well number denotes the township, the second the range,
and the third the section in which the well is located. Lowercase
letters after the section number indicate the quarter section, the
quarter-quarter section, and the quarter-quarter-quarter section,
respectively. These subdivisions are lettered counterclockwise a, b, c,
and d, beginning at the northeast corner. If two or more wells are
listed within the same quarter-quarter-quarter section (a 10-acre
tract), they are distinguished by numerals after the lowercase letters.
INTRODUCTION
R. 48 W. 47 46 45 44 43 42*42 41 R.I W.
T.
6
N.
5
I
o
0 4
<!
.«.-..
oTas
>J|«
o'w 3
Ulfc
T
1
N.
BASE LINE
R. 45 W.
6 5 4 3 2 1
7 B 9 1O 11 12
X
IB 17 16 15 14 T.
/i. ^ 5
or + 23 -
N.
19 2O 21 22 23 24
3O 29 28 27 26 25
31 32 33 34 35 36
FIGURE 2. Sketch showing well-numbering system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The writers are indebted to the many well owners who contributed
information and permitted the measurements and testing of their wells
and to the town officials and other residents of the area who supplied
valuable information. Mr. Byrle Miller and associates of the Highline
Electric Association of Holyoke, Colo., Mr. Donald Hackert and
associates of the Southwest Electric Membership Corp. of Palisade,
Nebr., and officers of the Midwest Electric Membership Corp. of Grant,
Nebr., supplied information that greatly facilitated the investigation.
Mr. H. V. Schultz, work-unit conservationist of the U.S. Soil Conserva-
tion Service at Imperial, Nebr., supplied many data. Drilling con-

tractors supplied well logs and other information; the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. supplied logs of its wells and test
holes; and Mr. A. M. Biggerstaff and associates of the Chamber of
Commerce at Sterling, Colo., and many oil companies supplied logs of
seismograph shotholes. The writers are indebted also to many other
persons for assistance both in the field and in the preparation of this
report.
GEOGRAPHY
TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE
Frenchman Creek flows generally southeastward, and its basin lies
entirely within the High Plains section of the Great Plains physio-
graphic province as defined by Fenneman (1931, p. 5-7).
The entire basin may be regarded as a plain that slopes gently from
west to east. The maximum altitude of the land surface is 4,680 feet
at a point north of Akron, Colo.; the minimum altitude is 2,746 feet
in the valley of Frenchman Creek north of Palisade, Nebr. The
average slope of Frenchman Creek from its point of effluence to Pali-
sade, Nebr., is about 15 feet per mile. In this report the basin is
divided into the following four topographic provinces: (1) upland
areas underlain by the Ogallala-formation, (2) upland areas under-
lain by loess of the Sanborn formation, (3) upland dune-sand areas,
and (4) valley areas.
UPLAND AREAS UNDERLAIN BY THE OQALLALA FORMATION
In Colorado, the upland areas underlain by the Ogallala formation

include all except the southeast corner of Phillips County, most of
Logan County south of Fleming, the northeast corner of Washington
County, and the northwest corner of Yuma County. In Nebraska,
these areas include the northwestern part of Chase County and strips
bordering Frenchman, Spring, and Stinking Water Creeks within the
county; a small area in northern Dundy County; strips bordering
Stinking Water Creek in Hayes County; and the southwestern part
of Perkins County. (See pi. 1.) These areas are typified by flat to
undulating plains grading into rolling hills. The plains are dotted
with undrained depressions ranging in area from a fraction of an
acre to as much as 30 acres. Most of the depressions, however, occupy
less than 7 acres and all extend 15 to 40 feet below the surrounding
land surface (Rogers and Wolf anger, 1917, p. 6). The origin of the
undrained depressions has been explained variously by Darton and
others (1915, p. 36-37), Hay (1895, p. 555-556), Johnson (1901, p.
702-712), and Judson (1950).
GEOGRAPHY 9
Small hills and rounded knolls in these upland areas represent ero-
sional remnants of more resistant "mortar beds." These beds also
are expressed topographically as bluffs near Champion, Nebr., and
in many other places. Such bluffs show up as light areas in aerial
photographs (fig. 3).
In the upper ephemeral courses of the drainageways, the streams
have no definite channels but merely are broad grass-covered depres-
sions; farther downstream the major streams flow in well-defined
channels after heavy rains. Along these influent stretches (fig. 4),
the streams tend to have relatively straight narrow sand-choked
channels. Below the point of effluence, the streams tend to meander
and build up definite flood plains. (See fig. 3.)
The upland areas are relatively undissected by erosion except in
Logan and Sedgwick Counties, Colo., where northward-flowing tribu-
taries of the South Platte River have formed a complex dendritic
drainage pattern.
UPLAND AREAS UNDERLAIN BY LOESS OF THE SANBORN FORMATION
Loess of the Sanborn formation underlies upland areas in the

western parts of Logan and Washington Counties, Colo., and most
of the stream-divide areas downstream from Enders Dam in Nebraska.
(See pi. 1.) The divide areas are nearly level tablelands, remnants
of a former high loess plain, relieved in some places by undrained
depressions similar to those on the upland areas underlain by the
Ogallala formation. The peripheries of these tablelands have been
deeply dissected by erosion. Rugged ravines and bare, nearly ver-
tical cliffs make the contrast between the level divides and the den-
dritic gullying of the divide slopes strikingly apparent (fig. 5). In
the Colorado part of this area, the loe'ss is thinner and the rugged
divide-slope topography is absent. The area, however, displays some
of the typical erosional features of loess, including the vegetation-
covered ravine- bottoms and the stairstep pattern of slumping caused
by the higher density, cohesion, and friction angle of the loess.
UPLAND DUNE-SAND AREAS.
The dune-sand areas are of two types, each characterized by a

distinct type of dune. The first type, a reasonably distinct map-
pable unit, consists of northwest-trending dunes generally overlying
the Ogallala formation. (See pi. 2.) Topographically the dunes
range from a series of low hills having relatively flat crests, separated
by saddles, to irregular sandhills having a maximum local relief of
about 170 feet. These areas characteristically have interior drain-
age. In some of the flat-lying interdune areas, the water table
intersects the land surface and forms water-table lakes during peri-
655012 O - 63 - 2
a! e
a ea a
GEOGRAPHY 11
Influent stream
Stream loses water
Effluent stream
Stream gains water
PROFILE OF STREAM CHANNEL
INFLUENT STREAM EFFLUENT STREAM
SECTIONS ACROSS STREAM CHANNEL
FIGUEE 4. Diagram showing influent and effluent streams.
ods of high ground-water levels. Dunes of this type occur south

of Holyoke in Phillips and Yuma Counties, in northern Logan County,
and in eastern Sedgwick County, Colo.; and in Chase County,
northern Dundy County, and southern Perkins County, Nebr.
(See pi. 1.)
Dunes of the second type occupy small areas in the westernmost
part of Washington and Logan Counties, Colo., and a northwest-
trending belt east of Stinking Water Creek in Chase, Hayes, and
Perkins Counties, Nebr. The dune sand in the latter area overlies
the Sanborn formation. The dunes of this type mainly are of the
kind described by Smith (1940, pi. 2) as "artificial"; that is, they
are formed by loess and in places are overlain by sand dunes more
typical of the first type. The particles composing the dunes of the
second type grade imperceptibly from the silt of the underlying loess
to the sand of the overlying dunes of the first type, thus obscuring
the contacts. Although they can be distinguished with some
difficulty, dunes of both types have been mapped as a unit.
VALLEY AREAS
The valleys of the lower reaches of Frenchman, Sand, Spring,

and Stinking Water Creeks in Nebraska are the principal valley
areas. The valley floor of Frenchman Creek ranges in width from
about 0.1 mile in the upper effluent reaches (described under occur-
rence of ground water) to about 1.5 miles near Palisade, Nebr.; the
GEOGRAPHY 13
channel ranges in width from about 5 to 30 feet. The valley is

rather deeply incised and lies about 50 to 250 feet below the adja-
cent uplands. Frenchman Creek overflows occasionally, even though
its channel is entrenched as much as 10 to 15 feet below the flood
plain. The alluvial valleys of Frenchman Creek and its main trib-
utaries are bordered with terraces grading from well-defined through
indistinct to discontinuous. In this report the lower terraces gener-
ally were mapped as alluvium and the higher terraces as the Ogallala
formation.
Sand Creek heads in Sedgwick County, Colo., and flows southeast-
ward to join Frenchman Creek. Its valley ranges in width from
0.2 to 0.3 mile. Spring Creek heads in Perkins County, Nebr., and
flows southeastward; the average slope from its point of effluence
to its confluence with Stinking Water Creek is 15 feet per mile.
Stinking Water Creek heads in Perkins County, Nebr., and flows
south-southeastward; its average slope from its point of effluence to
its confluence with Frenchman Creek near Palisade, Nebr., is 13 feet
per mile. Spring and Stinking Water Creeks have cut narrow canyons
through the loess uplands.
CLIMATE
The basin is semiarid, typified by little to moderate precipitation,

high evaporation, low humidity, and much sunshine and wind. The
summer days are hot, but the nights usually are cool. Hot dry winds
cause occasional damage to crops. Winters usually are cold and
windy, but snowfall generally is light. Extremely low temperatures
accompany cold waves or blizzards, which, during their early stages,
are characterized by high winds.
A summary of the climatic data obtained at four stations in the
basin is given in table 1. The normal annual precipitation ranges
TABLE 1. Summary of climatic data recorded at four Weather Bureau stations in the
Frenchman Creek basin
Colorado Nebraska
Ijeroy Holyoke Imperial Wauneta
Length of record vfiari 65 59 63 56

Normal annual precipitation .... . ________ inches- 17.69 17.56 20.73 19.65
13.31 14.24 15.93 14.54
do. 7.34 6.59 8.26 11.30
Year of minimum annual precipitation 1894 1894 1894 1943
Maximum annual precipitation. ___ . ________ inches. . 27.43 29.07 37.14 32.24
1941 1915 1915 1905
May 7 May8 May 11
June 1 June 6 May 29
Oct. 8 Sept. 29 Oct. 12
Sept. 15 Aug. 29 Sept. 7
154 144 154
op 49.3 50.3
... __°F.. 26.6 26.5
op 74.3 75.6
from about 17 inches in the western part of the basin to about 21

inches in the eastern part. Variations from the normal annual pre-
cipitation at the Weather Bureau stations at Holyoke, Leroy, and
Yuma, Colo., and Imperial, Palisade, and Wauneta, Nebr., are shown
graphically in figures 6 to 11.
x
25 x
^ Normal 7 '
/7 / _ 17.56-7 ^- / - _, ' '

0)
UJ / / X n-| s / ' x / .
r pn / '^ 7 /
/ /Xl / x / / ' '/ s /
-1 / // r ^ / J
z '' P
x ^
^ / 'J '
f
7\
/ ' / ^/
/
71 /' . / e-x ^^ x ^ Px / X1 x '
z ,, 7
' ^7 X ^x r? / ^ / X X
/ 7 ^^ '
^ X
' /, ''/
^ X
'/'**', / ^ /
^ '
_
^ /X / ' /
'/ p x / '/ // 7 // //^'t j /

''' ' ''/ /-/ / '/~? //
/ / / / x X
X ' / ' X 7 > /
/ ,
/ X x ^ ''/'*', ^ / / /
!5 /x / / // // / / ' / ', // / / ''/f/ '/ /x

'^
/ '
/ / / -/
K 10^-- ' /
/ £ s£
'///> '%
Xj / ^ £ / £ . ' ,* j / / X x ^ £ /£ ^/ > '
Q.
o
IIJ / '
/-'!? #
/' '*/' ' /'' /
' / ' / '
'
/
> '
/
' /x
' 'x No
/' /
x X/
'//, 7 /
/x
/x
7 / //
UJ xx '///'//'s ^/ record x/
£ '^ 0' / /x
>'/''//
'//'//.
;/^/ /x
5 /;
^^^
''/''/
/x /
//
/ /X
^>
% y /, <
Wl,
'i/fy. '/^/ X/ /
/ ' /
/ ' // X // ;;/ '''//'/
' > j . ' /
o
o
00
O
O
<D
O O
CvJ s
0}
o
m
FIGURE 6. Annual precipitation at Holyoke, Colo.
Plate 4 is an isohyetal map showing the normal annual precipitation

throughout the basin.
The amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall are of vital impor-
tance because the normal annual precipitation is near the minimum
required for profitable agriculture. The normal monthly precipita-
tion at the Weather Bureau stations at Leroy, Yuma, and Holyoke,
Colo., and Imperial, Wauneta, and Palisade, Nebr., is shown in
figure 12.
During years of normal or greater precipitation, the distribution
pattern shows the most precipitation during the spring and summer
growing season, a circumstance advantageous to agriculture.
Droughts, however, often reduce crop yields and occasionally cause
complete or nearly complete crop failures. The distribution of
precipitation during a year may be more significant than the amount
GEOGRAPHY 15
FIGURE 7. Annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Leroy, Colo.
during the year. Summer rains often come as thundershowers only

a few square miles in extent. The thundershowers, characterized by
a high rate of precipitation, are short and sometimes are accompanied
by hail, which may destroy or severely damage crops.
MINERAL RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES
The mineral resource ranking third in economic importance in the

basin, after soil and ground water, is sand and gravel. Deposits of
sand and gravel near the land surface are abundant in the Ogallala
formation on the uplands and in the alluvial deposits in the stream
valleys. Sand and gravel is excavated from the Ogallala formation by

power shovels and tractor scoops and from the alluvium by centrif-
ugal pumps. The largest operating gravel pit is near Palisade,
Nebr., where the water-saturated material is removed by a centrifugal
pump. The sand and gravel is used principally for road surfacing.
Much seismic exploration in the basin has resulted in the drilling
of several wildcat oil tests in recent years, but little gas or oil has been
produced.
Two grain mills in the basin produce flour and commercial feeds for
livestock; the mill at Champion, Nebr., is operated by waterpower
and that at Wauneta, Nebr., by electric power.
FIGURE 8. Annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Yuma, Colo.
GEOGRAPHY 17
FIQTJEE 9. Annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Imperial, Nebr.
AGRICULTURE
\
Agricultural activity in the Frenchman Creek basin was confined
mainly to cattle grazing until about 1885, after which the influx of
settlers and sod breaking caused a progressive decline in the number
of cattle raised. Because of a severe drought during 1894, much land
was abandoned by homesteaders and taken over by the few ranchers
who remained. The large, individual holdings that resulted were
operated under a system of combined grain farming and stockraising.
With the advent of better times, after the turn of the century, tho
open range gradually was fenced and farming gained in popularity.
By 1920 the use of land had reversed completely, farming pushing the
cattle industry into the background. Although cattle raising was
18 GROUND-WATEE GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
retarded by high grain prices during World War I, the general

economic trend has been upward since then, emphasis being placed on
raising registered cattle. The number of livestock on farms in
Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr., from 1949 to 1952
is given in table 2.
TABLE 2. Livestock on farms in Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr.
[Data from the Colorado, Nebraska, and Federal Departments of Agriculture. Number of livestock on
January 1 of each year]
Phillips County, Colo. Chase County, Nebr.

Livestock
1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1949 1950 1951 1952
2,490 2,120 2,310 2,370 2,410 2,700 2,530 2,630 2,390

Other cattle.... ............. 13, 130 13, 310 12,290 13, 310 18,240 24,580 22,300 23,440 25, 770
Hogs _____________ 2,317 1,782 2,116 2,228 1,885 10,100 10, 810 11,890 13,200
Sheep ____________ 4,082 1,408 1,061 432 1,785 1,120 870 1,660 1,640
Chickens... ................ 67,280 66,580 58,950 57,770
Poultry.. ..... __ . ......... 46,800 38,148 39,804 39,768 38,664
440 374 289 296 229 1,400 1,320 1,020 820
Drought has had a considerable influence on agricultural practices

in the High Plains. Many farmers lost ownership of their land
because of the drought during the 1930's; some left their farms, others
g
o
o
0>
40 01
to o *>
UJ
I
o
z
s
s
| i !
c ^
- 30 ^ a, -o -
TH o o> M
s ns "5. o> 5?«-is
s tr ^- os s
s Normal 19.65 7 g
.___._ 7.J
s a> s s
s s s s
s a.
a> us
s s s
s s
20 = 1= ^ s
§
s s
s s s s s ^ ss s s
s s s
ss
ss
§r \s s
s s
o s S s s s s S ss s s ^ ss s s ss
s s v s s s s ^s s
s
o
UJ s
s ss s \ s ss sss S No record
tr s s s ss ss
\
o_ 10 s_ \ V s s s ss s s'v s s s s ss ^ j s
s s ss ss s s ss s\ S s ss \ s s ss s
V s s s s sss
s s s
s s s
s s s ss s s s ss s s s s
s s s ss s s ss ss s s ss s s s ss s ss
V
yS s ssss
s ss ss ss s s ss ss S s s s s
^s s s s s s s.s s s s s s s
0
s s sss
s
o O
<M
^j-
CV)
:r
m
O
£
/T\
FIGURE 10. Annual precipitation at Palisade, Nebr.

GEOGRAPHY 19
remained as tenants. Aided by the increase in the price of farm com-

modities during World War II, many tenants again were able to pur-
chase land. The average size of farms has increased during the past
15 years, owing to improvements in machinery that enable one person
to farm a larger acreage.
30
cc.
*5 (2x 20
O o
cr z
- 10
t o
UJ ±
^ i Q-
10
40
en
UJ
x
o
30
20
10
FIGURE 11. Annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Wauneta, Nebr.
I
FIO-UKE 12. Normal monthly precipitation at Leroy, Yuma, and Holyoke, Colo., and at Imperial, Wauneta,
and Palisade, Nebr.
Wheat and corn are now the principal crops grown in the basin.
The annual acreage of crops harvested in Phillips County, Colo., and
Chase County, Nebr., from 1948 to 1952 is shown in table 3. The
great acreage of wheat is explained in part by high wheat prices
prevailing since World War II and in part by improvements in har-
TABLE 3. Crops harvested in Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr.
[Date from the Colorado, Nebraska, and Federal Departments of Agriculture]
ACREAGE
Crop 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952
Irri- Irri- Irri- Irri- Irri-

Total Total gated Total gated Total gated Total
gated gated
Phillips County
Corn 25, 170 IKft

36,100 OKA
32,680 220 27,750 220 19,920
1^0 QOA
60 laC QOrt
20 100 Ififl
163, 210
10, 300 50 11,080 7,980 3,190
3,180 30 3,850 40 3,850 20 2,650
1,810 1,050 1,290 1,530 1,290
Sorghums:
2,790 1,750 1,490 950 650
6,210 9,210 7,270 8,560 6,220
Alfalfa.. . Af\f\ 680 1,310 1,820 2,460
All hay.. . ..... 4,300 ________ 3,930 __ 6,300 .._ __ 6,000 __ 4,100
Total....... ion 9in 1Q7 7^ 350 188,430 260 184,600 240 203,690
Chase County
710 760 AO 4.7H 1,370 50,100 1,780 45, 470 1,440 44,560
53, 150 93,840 90,050 106,820
S Ôft 1,220 2,430 1,150
2 Af\f\ 3,250 2,090 1,620
2 D7ft 2,080 1,880
Sorghums:
Grain... ... .... ._---_._ _._-.-_- 1,200 3,760 5,840 .... _ 4,320
11, 610 8,330 6,320 5,760
Alfalfa . . 770 8 70f\
U Knft 1,130 12, 320 1,610 17,020 1,300 23,830
All hay. ... __ _ 24, 840 29,400 31,280
Total... ... 1,480 46,060 1 ' 680 2,500 200,260 3,390 200,700 2,740 221, 220
GEOGRAPHY 21
vesting machinery. Each town in the basin is monumented by large
wheat elevators. The yields of all crops are being increased by use of
fertilizers and improved varieties of seed and, on some farms, by
irrigation with ground water.
Topography and soils also influence the type of crops raised. The
heavy soils are adapted best to small grains and forage crops and the
sandy soils to corn and other row crops. The sandhills are used mainly
for grazing, although some grain and hay are raised in the relatively
flat interdune areas where the water table is shallow. The alluvial
valleys along Frenchman and Stinking Water Creeks are excellent
for the raising of hay and row crops because they are subirrigated
naturally by shallow ground water.
Irrigation with water from wells is becoming an increasingly im-
portant factor in the agricultural economy of the basin because of the
small amount and the undependable distribution of precipitation.
One application of water at the proper time during the growing season
sometimes means the difference between a crop failure and a profitable
yield.
POPULATION
The population trend of the Frenchman Creek basin was influenced

greatly by precipitation from 1885 to 1940; it increased during periods
of above-normal precipitation and decreased during drought. The
TABLE 4. Area and estimate of population of the Frenchman Creek basin in 1950,
by counties
[Population data from Census Bureau]
Area, in square miles population

i
Part of Part included in
State and county county Percent investigation
Total included included Total (based oh per-
in investi- in investi- centage of area
gation gation included in
investigation)
Colorado :
1,827 370 20 17, 187 3,437
Phillips. _________ 680 680 100 4, 924 4,924
Sedgwick ___ __ 544 280 52 5,095 2, 649
Washington 2,525 420 17 7,520 1, 278
2,383 900 38 10, 827 4, 114
Nebraska:
Chase 894 894 100 5, 176 5, 176
Dundy__ 921 360 39 4,354 1, 698
Hayes _ 711 245 35 2,404 841
Hitchcock _ 722 90 13 5,867 762
Perkins _ 885 670 76 4,809 3, 655
Total__________ 12, 092 4, 909 68, 163 28, 534
decrease in rural population since 1940 can be attributed principally

to improvements in farm machinery that enable one person to farm
larger tracts of land. The present trend toward development of
irrigation with water from wells should tend to increase the number of
smaller farms and of farm families.
The exact population of the area described in this report is not
readitydeterminable because the boundary of the area does not coincide
with political boundaries. The population was estimated, however,
by adding the known populations of Phillips County, Colo., and
Chase County, Nebr., both of which are wholly within the report
area, to a proportionate part of the population of all the counties
that are only partly in the area. (See table 4.) The proportionate
parts were computed by multiplying the total populations of each of
these counties by the ratio of the number of square miles in the part
of the county included in the report area to the total number of
square miles in the county. Because the computations are based on
the assumption that the population is evenly distributed throughout
each of the counties, they may be considerably in error. The popula-
tion trend in the basin is illustrated by the population data in table 5.
TABLE 5. Population of Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr.
[Data from Census Bureau]
County 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
Phillips _____ 2, 642 1,583 3, 179 5,499 5, 797 4,948 4,924

Chase . 4,807 2, 559 3,613 4,939 5,484 5, 310 5, 176
TRANSPORTATION
The basin is served by two branch lines of the Chicago, Burlington
& Quincy Railroad. The Sterling-Holdrege line extends from the
main line at Holdrege, Nebr., westward through the basin to Sterling,
Colo. The other line extends from the main line at McCook, Nebr.,
westward to Imperial, Nebr. They are important as carriers of agri-
cultural products.
The basin has an adequate system of highways and county roads.
It is served by one east-west oiled Federal highway, running approxi-
mately through the center, and by several State highways, some
graveled and some oiled. (See pi. 5.) Many of the county roads
are surfaced with gravel and caliche from the Ogallala formation.
They generally follow section lines except in the sandhills and areas
of dissected loess, where they commonly follow ridges or valleys.
GEOLOGY 23
GEOLOGY
SUMMARY OF STRATIGRAPHY
The rocks that crop out in the basin are sedimentary and range
in age from Pliocene to Recent. The outcrop areas are shown on
plate 1, geologic map of the basin. The discontinuous high-level
terrace deposits are not differentiated from the Ogallala formation
on the map. The Ogallala formation includes the oldest rocks that
crop out. Some of the upland areas are mantled by loess deposits
of the Sanborn formation of Pleistocene and Recent(?) age, others
by dune sand of Pleistocene and Recent age. Most of the major
valleys contain Recent alluvium, which, as mapped, includes the low
terrace deposits.
A generalized section of the stratigraphic units in the basin and a
description of their water-bearing properties are given in table 6.
Plate 6 is a map of the basin showing the location of test holes and
the configuration of the bedrock surface underlying the area, deter-
mined largely from test holes but partly from other data. Although
this map shows the general configuration and slope of the bedrock
surface, available data were not sufficiently detailed to delineate the
buried valleys that probably exist in the eroded bedrock surface.
GEOLOGIC HISTORY
Rocks of Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and early Cenozoic ages
are exposed along the east front of the Rocky Mountains. All rocks
that crop out in the basin are of later Cenozoic age, though rocks of
Mesozoic and early Cenozoic age are exposed in adjacent areas.
The Pierre shale of Mesozoic age crops out in the valley of the North
Fork of the Republican River at Wray, Colo., and the White River
group of Cenozoic age crops out in a few places not far northwest of
the basin. Statements concerning the possible occurrence of the
older rocks in the basin are based in part upon their nearby areas of
outcrop and in part upon the logs of test holes and of several deep
boreholes drilled in the search for oil in and near the basin. The
manner in which the materials were deposited, particularly those
composing the younger formations, has an important bearing upon
the ground-water supply of the area. The brief summary of the
Paleozoic and Mesozoic history that follows is adapted in part from a
report (McLaughlin, 1946, p. 21-24) on a nearby area having a similar
pre-Cenozoic history.
PROTEROZOIC ERA
Precambrian rocks compose the core of the Front Range of the

Rocky Mountains in Colorado and, at considerable depth, underlie
the sediments in the Frenchman Creek basin. Although these rocks
are buried so deeply in the basin that a detailed study of their history
TABLE 6. Generalized section of the stratigraphic units younger than the Niobrara
in the Frenchman Creek basin and their water-bearing properties
Stratigraphic Thick-
System Series unit ness Physical character Water-bearing properties
(ft)
Alluvium 0-100± Sand, gravel, silt, and Yields small to large supplies
clay. of water along the valleys
of the major streams.
Terrace de- 0-75 (?) Sand, gravel, silt, and The lower terrace deposits,
i Kecent posits clay. mapped with the allu-
vium, may yield small to
large quantities of water to
wells. The upper terrace
deposits, mapped with the
Ogallala formation, gen-
Quater- erally lie above the water
nary table.
Recent and Dune sand 0-170(7) Very fine to very Generally lies above the wa-
Pleistocene coarse sand. ter table. In areas of high
water table, wells and in-
termittent lakes yield
small supplies of water for
livestock.
Recent (?) San born for- 0-225± Tan to light-brown Generally lies above the wa-
and mation silt; contains much ter table.
Pleistocene sand in places.
Pliocene Ogallala for- 0-425± Sand, gravel, clay, Yields moderate to large
mation and silt, predomi- supplies of water to wells.
nantly calcareous.
Consolidated or un-
consolidated. Con-
tains beds of ca-
liche and a discon-
tinuous capping
bed of algal lime-
stone.
Brule 0-255± Siltstone and clayey The upper part may yield
forma- silt. small quantities of water
tion to wells irom fractured zones
Tertiary or zones of reworked siltstone
pebbles. The formation
RiWhigrvoertupe on the whole, however, is a
relatively poor aquifer.
Oligocene
Chadron 0-235± Clay, claystone, silty The lower part may yield
forma- clay, and sand- small to moderate quanti-
tion stone. May con- ties of water to wells from
tain lenses of per- lenses of permeable sand
meable quartz sand and gravel. The forma-
and gravel near the tion on the whole, how-
contact with the ever, is a relatively poor
Pierre shale. aquifer.
Cretace- Upper Cre- Pierre shale 2,650- Blue to black clay Yields negligible quantities
ous taceous to shale. Contains of water to wells.
3,650+ thin beds of ben-
tonite, gypsum,
and sandstone.
presently is impossible, many geologists have attempted to decipher

their complex history in the Front Range. Levering (1929, p. 63-74)
stated that the schist and gneiss, of which much of the Front Range
consists, once were sandy, shaly sediments eroded from an older
granitic mass and deposited in a shallow sea. Later the sediments
were intruded, parallel to the bedding, by masses of diorite. The
sediments then were uplifted and folded strongly before being in-
GEOLOGY 25
truded by a succession of granitic batholiths and stocks and injected

by many bodies of diorite, monzonite, and granite, completing the
conversion of the sediments into schist and gneiss.
PALEOZOIC ERA
The Paleozoic history of the Rocky Mountain region began with

erosion of the Precambrian basement rocks that lie beneath the Paleo-
zoic sedimentary rocks. After a long period of erosion, the region
was invaded by shallow seas. In Late Cambrian time, pebbles
eroded from the exposed basement rocks of the landmass contiguous
to the shallow sea were reworked by wave action and deposited in the
form of a "granite wash," or arkose, over at least a part of the area.
As the gradient from the landmass to the sea was reduced by erosion,
the capacity of the streams to transport large detrital particles was
reduced. Consequently, the sedimentary rocks overlying the arkose,
where present, are in general progressively finer grained upward in
the section, grading from fine gravel through very fine sand to cal-
careous and shaly sandstone. These sediments comprise the Lamotte
sandstone (Reagan? sandstone) beneath eastern Colorado and the
Sawatch quartzite of different facies in western and central Colorado,
both of Late Cambrian age. The upper part of the Lamotte sand-
stone grades into a marine limestone or dolomitic limestone, which
marks the contact with the overlying Arbuckle group of Cambrian
and Ordovician age. These sediments, though largely or entirely
absent in the basin, are present to the south in Yuma County, Colo.
The Arbuckle group is composed of beds of limestone and dolomite.
At the end of the Ordovician period the sea receded generally, and
erosion of the exposed Ordovician rocks continued throughout the
Silurian and Devonian periods and early Mississippian time. During
middle Mississippian time, shallow seas again invaded the landmass
and thick sections of limestone were deposited. This limestone was
in turn eroded during the emergence of late Mississippian time until
only small erosional remnants were left. Rocks of Mississippian
age have been identified in deep-well tests south of the basin in Yuma
County, Colo., but they are largely or entirely absent from the geo-
logic column in the basin.
Thick beds of marine limestone and shale then were deposited in
the shallow seas that again invaded the region and remained during
much of the Pennsylvanian period. The seas withdrew in Permian
time, and a thick sequence of red beds was deposited, probably in an
arid climate, as is suggested by beds of evaporite rocks underlying
parts of the basin.
655012 O - 63 - 3
MESOZOIC ERA
Aridity continued in the region during the first part of the Mesozoic
era, as indicated by red beds of Triassic age cropping out in Baca
County, Colo. Whether remnants of equivalent beds now underlie
the Frenchman Creek basin is not entirely clear from the logs of deep
wells. Probably they did at one time and subsequently were removed
by erosion.
Shale, sandstone, and calcareous clay and siltstone composing the
Morrison formation were deposited by streams during the Jurassic
period. The continental origin of those strata is attested by the
abundance of fossil remains of dinosaurs and other land animals in
beds of the Morrison formation in the Rocky Mountain region.
The Cretaceous period began with erosion, which lasted until
near the end of Early Cretaceous time. The Cheyenne sandstone
member of the Purgatoire formation then was deposited either in
shallow seas or by streams (Twenhofel, 1924, p. 19). A sea then
covered the region once more, and in it was deposited the upper
part of the Purgatoire formation the Kiowa shale member.
The Dakota sandstone, also probably of Early Cretaceous age,
which directly overlies the Purgatoire formation, was deposited
under conditions similar to those of early Purgatoire time; that is,
the sea retreated and continental deposits of sand and clay were
laid down by streams.
In late Early and early Late Cretaceous time, the invasion of the
continent that was begun in Early Cretaceous time by waters from
the Gulf of Mexico was intensified by southward-spreading waters
from the Arctic Ocean. The broad structural trough formerly
occupied by these encroaching seas is called the Rocky Mountain
geosyncline. At their greatest extent, the waters formed a vast
seaway nearly 1,000 miles wide and 3,000 miles long, completely
dividing the continent of North America into two landmasses. The
slow submergence was followed quickly, however, by a long emergence
(Schuchert and Dunbar, 1941, p. 349). Deposits laid down in these
seas apparently were removed by erosion during the subsequent
emergence, because deposits of this age nowhere are in evidence in
deep-well logs in the basin.
During much of later Cretaceous time, widespread invasions of
the sea resulted in the deposition of several thousand feet of marine
shale, chalk, limestone, and sandstone that compose the Graneros,
Greenhorn, Carlile, Niobrara, Pierre, and Fox Hills formations.
Near the close of the Cretaceous period, the area occupied by the
Rocky Mountain geosyncline began to rise. During that uplift
(Laramide), the sea withdrew and the sandstone, shale, and coal of
the Laramie formation and the lower part of the Dawson arkose were
GEOLOGY 27
deposited, mainly by streams, but probably in part under near-

shore conditions. The rise of the Rocky Mountains from the site of
the ancestral Rocky Mountain geosyncline increased the gradients
and debris-carrying power of the streams. This, in turn, caused
deposition of the beds of sandstone that now are the principal water-
bearing materials in the Laramie formation and the Dawson arkose
west of the Frenchman Creek basin. Contemporaneous with and
related to the major uplift of the Rocky Mountains, numerous smaller
structural features were developed as the Cretaceous and older rocks
were warped and eroded. The Julesburg structural basin, upon
whose east flank the Frenchman Creek drainage basin lies, is one of
the smaUer structural features. Some minor folds and flexures within
the Julesburg basin yield commercial quantities of oil and gas.
CENOZOIC ERA
The Rocky Mountains were uplifted repeatedly and eroded in

the Cenozoic era, and the resulting sediments were deposited in
areas bordering the mountains. These sediments include the deposits
of the upper part of the Dawson arkose of Late Cretaceous and
Paleocene age, the Castle Rock conglomerate and the White River
group of Oligocene age, and the Arikaree sandstone of Miocene age.
Most of the sediments from the Fox Hills sandstone to the Arikaree
sandstone are absent from the geologic column in the Frenchman
Creek basin. At least two explanations for this absence may be
advanced. Bjorklund and Brown (1957, p. 22, 23) stated that both
the Fox Hills and Laramie formations crop out in the foothills near
the Front Range, where they dip eastward, but that farther east the
dip is reversed, and in northwestern Morgan County, Colo., it is
about 6 feet per mile toward the west. This dip indicates that these
formations once may have underlain part or all of the Frenchman
Creek basin, but subsequently were upwarped in part of the region
and removed by erosion. On the other hand, the formations may
have been deposited in a sedimentary basin between the mountains
and the site of the present Frenchman Creek basin and later down-
warped. The Dawson arkose of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age
and the Castle Rock conglomerate of Oligocene age generally are
composed of relatively coarse detrital material, indicating that they
were deposited close to the mountains. They probably never ex-
tended eastward as far as the Frenchman Creek basin. The White
River group of Oligocene age is present at depth in the northern part
of the basin, where it unconformably overlies the Pierre shale. (See
pis. 2, 6.) It is probable that the White River group extended
farther south and that the southward extension was removed by
erosion during Miocene and early Pliocene time. Also, it is probable
that the Arikaree sandstone of Miocene age underlaid the area and
was removed by erosion in early Pliocene time, because thick deposits
of that sandstone now are present beneath the area north of the
South Platte River. However, no Arikaree sandstone was identified
in well cuttings during the present investigation.
The Rocky Mountains were uplifted again during Pliocene time.
The gradients of streams flowing eastward from the mountains were
increased, enabling them to carry much heavier loads; however, the
streams flowing over porous materials in an arid region, were able
to transport their loads only for relatively short distances, and debris
was dropped along the way from the foot of the mountains eastward.
As uplift and erosion continued, more and more debris was carried
and dropped by the streams until their valleys became choked.
Seeking lower levels, the streams meandered from their sand-choked
valleys and eventually covered the undulating surface of the older
eroded rocks with enormous quantities of rock debris. These clastic
sediments constitute the Ogallala formation, which underlies the
Frenchman Creek basin. (See pi. 2.) Subsequently, erosion removed
the Ogallala formation from areas close to the mountains. Evidence
of that erosion is given by the bold western escarpment of the High
Plains, which exposes the older rocks upon which the Ogallala for-
mation was deposited, and by the lower lying lands that extend
westward from the escarpment toward the Rocky Mountains. As
a result of that erosion, the High Plains in the Frenchman Creek
basin were left high and dry. Deprived of through-flowing moun-
tain streams, the basin is dependent entirely upon precipitation for
its water supply.
The High Plains terminate on the east in Kansas and Nebraska
in a more gently sloping escarpment which, in some places, is very
low. The present-day High Plains are an erosional remnant of, and
consist of less than a third of, the original debris plain. The following
statement relating to the preservation of the High Plains is from
Lohman (1953a, p. 71):
Why were the processes of erosion so selective as to remove all traces of these
deposits near the mountains and near the Mississippi Valley, and yet leave
a large central belt virtually untouched? This question has been answered in
part by Willard Johnson, in his day one of the foremost students of the High
Plains.
In its westward rise of thousands of feet, the Great Plains region spans climatic
gradations from humid to arid, and the type of vegetation changes accordingly.
The present High Plains occupy the subhumid or semiarid belt, where the pre-
cipitation was sufficient to develop a protective close-knit sod. According to
Johnson (1901, p. 629): "The tufted growths of bunch grass and light 'brush' of
the arid zone fail almost completely in protection because they do not constitute
GEOLOGY 29
a continuous cover; and sod, on the other hand, is completely effective, not
because it resists the erosive work of well-developed drainage, for that it cannot
do, but because it prevents the initiation of drainage. It is effective against the
first faint beginnings. The great plateau surfaces of the High Plains have to
show no systems of drainage, because, presumably, from the commencement of
the present erosion stage they have been sod covered, as at present [1900]. In
other words, the High Plains have endured as alluvial plateaus since Tertiary
time, or at least since the opening of the Pleistocene." Thus they may be
regarded as comprising a fossil land surface. It has also been pointed out by
Fenneman (1931, p. 36) that erosion between the mountains and the High Plains
was accelerated by the steeper gradients, near the mountains, of streams such as
the South Platte and Arkansas Rivers.
Frenchman Creek and its major tributaries originated on the High
Plains during Pleistocene time. They cut shallow valleys into the
Ogallala formation along their effluent reaches and built up flood plains.
The northern part of the United States was invaded at least four
times by continental glaciers, one of which extended as far south as
St. Louis, Mo. During the same period, alpine glaciers were formed
at relatively low altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. Vast quantities
of debris were eroded from the mountains by the glaciers and were
deposited by nielt water in outwash plains near the mouths of the
mountain valleys. Streams then transported the lighter components
of the outwash materials greater distances from the mountains and
deposited them as alluvial fill in the flood plains. The Sanborn
formation, principally loess of Pleistocene and Recent (?) age, probably
was deposited on the eroded surface of the Ogallala formation by
northwesterly winds carrying glacier-derived silt and clay from the
flood plains of the South Platte River and other through-flowing
streams. The thickness and distribution of the Sanborn formation
is shown by diagrammatic cross sections on plate 2.
Dune sand of Pleistocene an4 Recent age overlies the Ogallala
and Sanborn formations in the basin. The dunes trend northwest-
ward and probably originated in a manner similar to that of the San-
born formation. Strong winds transported first the lighter silt and
clay to form the Sanborn formation, and then, more slowly, the
heavier sand was blown into migrating dunes.
The valleys of Frenchman Creek and its major tributaries were
deepened and then partly backfilled with flood-plain alluvium during
the Recent epoch. Later, during the epoch, smaller valleys were
entrenched within the older valleys.
The present flood plains do not occupy the valleys entirely, and
in places some of the older flood-plain alluvium remains as low,
discontinuous terrace deposits. Some of the higher terrace deposits
may be of Pleistocene age. The thickness and distribution of the
alluvium, including the lower terrace deposits, is shown on plate 2.
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS AND THEIR WATER-BEARING

PROPERTIES
The areal distribution of the geologic formations in the report area
is shown on plate 1. The altitude, disposition, and attitude are
shown by plate 2, which is a fence diagram showing also the general
relations of the land surface, the water table, and the bedrock surface.
The formations were identified almost entirely on the basis of lithology
and stratigraphic position. The only fossils collected were the alga
Chlorellopsis bradleyi Elias from the Ogallala formation and a few
undiagnostic gastropods from the Sanborn formation.
UPPER CRETACEOUS SERIES
PIERRE SHALE
Character
The Pierre shale was first described and named the Fort Pierre
group by Meek and Hayden (1861, p. 419^424). The formation
does not crop out in the Frenchman Creek basin but is exposed
southwest of the basin and in the valley of the North Fork of the
Republican River near Wray, Colo. A lithologic description of the
exposure from a report by Hill and Tompkin (1953, p. 11) is quoted
as follows:
The Pierre shale exposed in the Wray area is thin-bedded, pale-olive * * * to
dark yellowish-orange * * * clay shale. It contains thin iron-stained beds and
a few thin, lenticular beds of bentonite. Where it is exposed in ravines in the
southeastern corner of the area, the Pierre shale contains many thin lenses and
seams of gypsum (selenite and a fibrous variety), from }i inch to V/z inches thick,
which weather out on the surface as aggregates of crystals. In the SW% sec.
8, T. 1 N., R. 42 W., the shale contains a few impure, white * * * to yellowish-
gray * * * bentonite seams, from }i inch to 6 inches thick. These seams are
remnants of volcanic ash falls. The purest bentonite, consisting of fine shards
of white * * * volcanic ash partly altered to clay, crops out in a bed about 6
inches thick. The other seams, which are from % inch to % inch thick, consist
of coarse, only slightly altered glass shards mixed with grains of fine sand and
silt.
Fresh well cuttings of the unweathered Pierre shale generally are
dark colored, ranging from bright to dark blue and from medium
gray to black. The unweathered shale in many places is conformably
overlain by and grades into an unctuous yellow to ocher limonitic
clay streaked with green and reddish-brown stains. This clay
sometimes is called "soapstone" by drillers and local residents. Test
drilling indicates that the clay ranges in thickness from 0 to 36 feet.
The clay probably is Pierre shale that was altered by weathering
when the shale was exposed. It has been used to identify the top
of the Pierre shale in the logs of test holes included in this report
because apparently it is as effective an aquiclude as the parent shale.
The Pierre shale overlies the Smoky Hill chalk member of the Nio-
GEOLOGY 31
brara formation and underlies unconformably the Ogallala formation

in most of the area and the White Eiver group, loess of the Sanborn
formation, dune sand, and alluvium in parts of the area. (See pi. 2.)
Electric logs showing the contacts of the Pierre shale with other
formations and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves charac-
teristic of the Pierre shale are given in figures 13 and 14.
Distribution and. thickness
The Pierre shale is distributed widely throughout the Great Plains;

it underlies most of eastern Colorado, northwestern Kansas, most of
Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota, and part of New
Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, and Minnesota. The formation under-
lies the entire Frenchman Creek basin and constitutes the bedrock
in the basin except where it is overlain by the White Eiver group.
It ranges in thickness east and west of the basin from a few feet near
the eastern boundary of exposures in western Kansas to as much as
7,882 feet in an oil-test well in sec. 5, T. 1 S., E. 69 W., near Louisville,
Colo. (Blair, 1951, sheet 1). As the rocks are faulted in the vicinity
of that test well, it is possible that the section of the Pierre shale
penetrated by the well is greater than the true thickness of the for-
mation because of repetition of beds. Logs of oil-test wells within
the basin indicate that the Pierre shale ranges in thickness from about
3,650 feet in the NE% SE% sec. 31, T. 8 N., E. 50 W., Logan County,
Colo., to about 2,650 feet in the NW% SW% SE^, sec. 6, T. 3 N.,
E. 48 W., Yuma County, Colo. The formation thins eastward.
Water supply
The Pierre shale is of little or no importance as an aquifer in the

basin. The minute size of the pores and the compactness of the rock
inhibit movement of water.
To avoid fruitless drilling into this formation, landowners who
contemplate drilling wells should be able to recognize the Pierre
shale by examining well cuttings. McLaughlin (1946, p. 76-77)
treats the subject as follows:
The Pierre shale is more than 2,000 feet thick in this area [Big Sandy Creek area
above Limon, Colo.], and if no water is found in the upper sandy and weathered
zones it is useless to drill deeper. The city of Limon, for example, drilled 1,500
feet into the Pierre shale in an attempt to obtain a flowing well yielding fresh
water from the Dakota sandstone. Had they known that the Pierre shale was
about 2,000 feet thick and contained practically no water, that about 1,150
feet of beds of low permeability lie between the Pierre and Dakota formations,
and that the water from the Dakota probably would have been salty and would
not flow at the surface, the needless waste of public funds could have been avoided.
Although this is the deepest well that has been drilled in the Pierre shale in this
area in an attempt to find water, it is by no means the only attempt of its kind.
Dozens of wells that have failed to obtain water from beds overlying the Pierre
CO
to
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL RESISTIVITY
*4-*
§
Soft silt
20
Silty fine sand to fine
gravel; loose 1
Nodular caliche W
Silty fine sand to fine

gravel; loose 40
Silty very fine to very coarse\

I
o
sand; contains nodules of
caliche; loose
Tightly cemeted sand ~^ 60
Silty very fine to very coarse
sand; contains nodules of
caliche; loose______
Lightly cemented sand /
Very fine to very coarse
sand; contains nodules of 80
caliche; loose________
Very fine to very coarse sand;
contains very fine to me-
dium gravel; loose___f
_______Clay
100
FiGtJBE 13. Log of test hole 4-34-2aaa showing the contact of the alluvium of Frenchman Greek on the Pierce shale and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves both
above and below the water table. The sharp kick at the water table is coincidental; it is caused by a layer of nodular caliche rather than by the water. Note the
sharp kick at the contact of the Pierre shale where the curves return abruptly to the shale "base."
GEOLOGY 33
shale have been deepened into the shale in the hope of finding another bed of sand
and gravel or of finding a small "pocket" or opening in the shale that would con-
tain water. There are no beds of sand and gravel in the Pierce shale and any so-
called "pockets," if found, would yield only a small quantity of highly mineralized
water because there is no way for fresh water to penetrate the shale and replenish
and freshen the water in such "pockets." If water is not found in the uppermost
part of the Pierre shale the well should be abandoned.
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL
Clayey very hard light-green(

____siltstone
Clayey calcareous very hard
light-gray silstone; con-
light-green and gray
500
FIGURE 14. Part of log of test hole 10-44-31ccc showing the contacts of the Ogallala and Brule formations,
the Brule and Chadron formations, and the Chadron and Pierre formations. Note the similarity of the
spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves in the Brule and Chadron formations.
The Pierre shale is important in the basin because it serves as a

relatively impervious floor under much of the area and retards or
prevents downward percolation of water from overlying aquifers
and because the configuration of the eroded surface of the Pierre
shale influences the shape and slope of the water table. Contours
showing the configuration of the eroded surface of the shale are
shown on plate 6.
Water from the Pierre shale almost invariably is of poor quality
and has a high concentration of dissolved solids. The extreme
hardness of the water generally prevents its use except for stock
supplies.
OLIGOCENE SERIES
WHITE RIVER GROUP
Rocks constituting the White River group were first described

and named the White River deposits by Meek and Hayden (1851,
p. 119, 133). The group consists of two formations, the Chadron
at the base and the Brule at the top. The group was divided into
two formations mainly because of faunal differences; the Chadron
formation originally was named the Titanothere beds after the
mammal whose fossil remains are abundant in the formation, but
the two formations also have many lithologic differences. The
group underlies large areas in Wyoming, North Dakota, and South
Dakota and is the surface rock in the badlands in South Dakota and
parts of eastern Montana, western Nebraska, and northeastern
Colorado. It unconformably overlies the Pierre shale and constitutes
the bedrock hi the northern part of the Frenchman Creek basin.
(See pis. 2, 5, 6).
Formation names are shown in the sample logs (table 27) if the
contact of the two formations of the group is clearly delineated.
The Chadron and Brule formations are undifferentiated and are
called the White River group in other sample logs and drillers' logs
(table 28) and in the fence diagram (pi. 2).
CHADRON FORMATION
Character
The Chadron formation was first described and named by Darton
(1899, p. 736, 759, pi. 82) for Chadron, Nebr. The following section,
which is exposed on the south side of the North Platte River in sec. 36,
T. 23 N., R. 57 W., and about midway between Mitchell and
Morrill, Nebr., is from Wenzel, Cady, and Waite (1946, p. 62):
Feet
Siltstone of the Brule formation, typical, tan to flesh-colored; at top of
section.
Zone of alternating layers, 1 to 2}_ ft thick, of tan to flesh-colored Brule or
Brule-like silt, and greenish-gray beds of fine soft sandstone, the sandstone
beds becoming thinner and less numerous upward __________________ 16
GEOLOGY 35
Feet
Sandstone, massive, fine-grained; containing clay and silt, and stained brown
on outcrop_-,_-_--____-----__-__-__-__-____________________________ 3
Sandstone, coarse, crossbedded, light-gray, micaceous, fairly soft; deposited
on uneven surface; average thickness__--__---__________________-___ 1-3
Silt, gray-green, sandy, in beds about 3 in thick alternating with 8-in beds
of soft sandstone__________________________________________________ 6
Shale, hard, olive-green, sandy___________--__--_____________________-_ 12
Covered slope.______________________________________________________ 6
Sandstone, medium to coarse, light-gray, with much mica; laminated and
fissile; some crossbedding visible; local pockets or channels of conglomerate _ 1-2
Silt, gray, micaceous, sandy; lowest exposure of section.
The Chadron formation generally consists of olive-green to brick-red
silty to sandy clay and claystone which becomes siltier and lighter
in color as it grades into the conformably overlying Brule formation.
Some contacts between the Chadron and the Brule formations are
identified by a hard olive-green claystone or a hard brick-red sand-
stone. The lower part of the Chadron formation may be distinguished
locally by a brilliantly colored clay zone, which is 5 to 20 feet thick.
The clay is variegated, and the colors range from pink through
various pastel shades of mauve and green to intense red, heliotrope,
and purple. The zone generally grades downward into a yellowish-
orange limonite-stained clay that overlies the Pierre shale directly.
This clay is more brilliant in hue and less unctuous than the clay
of the upper weathered surface of the Pierre shale. Another dis-
tinctive unit of the Chadron formation was penetrated in test hole
ll-42-32ccd in Sedgwick, County, Colo. This bed of bright-blue
to bluish-gray fine-grained very hard sandstone is 4 feet thick and
directly overlies the Pierre shale, also bright blue, at a depth of 595
feet.
The Chadron formation contains channel deposits of sand and
gravel that are most abundant in the upper and lower parts. The
channel deposits generally are tightly cemented with siliceous cement;
however, at a depth of 337 feet in test hole 8-39-1 ccc, Chase County,
Nebr., channel deposits 40 feet thick are composed almost entirely of
loose sand and gravel. The upper 12 feet of these deposits consists of
lightly cemented well-rounded fine to very coarse yellowish-green
sand; the next 16 feet is loose fine to coarse sand and medium gravel.
Most of the grains are subspherical to well-rounded and well-sorted
milky quartz. The next 4 feet consists of soft sandy green clay;
the lower 8 feet is loose tan sand, well rounded and ranging from very
fine to very coarse.
Two representative samples of the Chadron formation, one obtained
at a depth of 332 to 337 feet in test hole 8-39-lccc, Chase County,
Nebr., and the other at a depth of 505 to 580 feet in test hole 10-33-
6bbb, Sedgwick County, Colo., were analyzed in the hydrologic
laboratory of the Geological Survey. A. I. Johnson (personal com-

munication, 1952) reported that the two samples had an acid-soluble
content of 10.6 and 14.1 percent, respectively, and that these values
are of the same order of magnitude as those of samples previously
tested that were taken from outcrops of the Chadron formation.
The results of centrifuge moisture-equivalent tests^ made on the two
samples also are of the same order of magnitudes as those of the
samples of the Chadron formation that were tested previously.
Particle-size distribution curves of the two samples are shown in
figures 15 and 16.
An electric log showing the contact of the Chadron formation with
other formations and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves
characteristic of the formation is given in figure 14.
Distribution and thickness
The Chadron formation underlies western Nebraska and South
Dakota, eastern Wyoming, and northeastern Colorado. Although it
does not crop out in the Frenchman Creek basin, it crops out in places
north of the South Platte River between Sterling and Proctor, Colo.
(Bjorklund and Brown, 1957, p. 26). Locally, the Chadron is absent
in the northern part of the basin, having been eroded in Oligocene
time, and there the Pierre shale is overlain by the Brule formation.
The Chadron formation thickens northward and ranges in thickness
in the basin from 0 to 237 feet, as shown by sample logs in table 27.
Water supply
The Chadron formation probably is part of the impermeable
bedrock in the basin because its yield of water 'to wells is negligible.
The formation is believed by the writers to be water saturated, but the
pore spaces in the rock generally are so minute and discontinuous
that they inhibit movement of water in the formation. This lack
of permeability does not apply, however, to unconsolidated channel
deposits, such as those penetrated in test hole 8-39-lccc, Chase
County, Nebr. Such deposits may yield considerable quantities of
water to wells. Careful test drilling in areas which are underlain by
the Chadron formation and in which the Ogallala formation does not
yield the desired quantities of water may reveal other similar deposits
in the Chadron. Unquestionably, such deposits would be of relatively
small lateral extent, lie in winding courses, and be lenticular. Loca-
ting such deposits would be difficult and would require intensive local
test drilling.
BRULE FORMATION
Character
The Brule formation was first described and named the Brule clay
by Darton (1899, p. 736, 755-759). The formation was named for
the Brule Indians who once lived in the area of the Pine Ridge Indian
*~~
Percent of
90 / Particle size sample
Clay . .. . . _ 45.5
Silt.............. .... 32.5
80 r Sand:
7
\s/ Very fine _ .... 11.0
70 7* 9.2
1 6
/
60 .2
Very Coarse. .0
X
i* * ^
* Gravel:
50 x
X Very fine __~ .0
X Fine. _ . __ .0-
40 S
.0
Coarse. ... .0
30 Very coarse . .0
20
10
n
-H CM co 3- m v> oo o OOOOCM in o
8QQOO--H CM oo < if> 10 CM m
30 80 boooo ooooo ^ CM in o o o o o o q
ddo'ddd ddddd d d d ^ Pg M- oo «3 CM ^
01 l£>
/^r>A»n-i
1 1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES ACCORDING TO INDICATED SIZE, IN MILLIMETERS
FIGUEE 15. Particle-size distribution of sample of Ohadron formation at depth of 332 to 337 feet in test hole 8-39-lccc, Chase County, Nebr.
00
vl
u vy
"o w
oo oo CM Csl O O O o o 0 O o
c a rH 00 01
(2 *"
i 1
1 i
1
Medium. j
a 0'9I ;;
sitizde _c _c Coarse. : METERS
1 8 <
o
ra
a>
iZ S 111 i £< a)
5 31 if
U o
Q
C
_i
£
i
z
LU
M
</)
h \J O r Q UJ
O'l O
O
z.
-j" 9'0 g
c J i
u 2
<:
'
5
g
O
o
\^ V
ru 92 1'O
h 2
(/)
o
i
3O7U U
s
N
h 090-0
owo
0£0'0
Ll_
o
z
o
t-
K 020'0
r>
CD
\ U5 P
(/)
- ^\^ OIOX) o
1-
u
^^_
ofi/rn
\ z.
V QfiA'n UJ
o
\ 900'0
wwo -
UJ
r V SOO'O
200'0 >
<
5
C
TOO'O
S S §
d3NIJ !N30d3d
GEOLOGY 39
Reservation in southern South Dakota, where the formation underlies

large areas.
The Brule formation probably was deposited by streams whose main
sediment load consisted of silt and clay; the formation contains
channel sand, generally cemented with silica and calcium carbonate,
at widely scattered outcrops.
The Brule formation, as seen in test-hole cuttings, generally consists
of buff to olive-green clayey silt and siltstone, but it contains beds
of sand near its upper and lower boundaries. When dry, the buff
rocks fade to a pinkish-flesh color and the olive green to a light grayish
green. Generally, the material of the lower part of the Brule grades
into the material of the upper part of the Chadron formation, so that
the contact is indistinct. In some places the Brule formation is a
remarkably homogeneous siltstone; this homogeneity, not only of
lithologic character but also of electrical properties, is portrayed
graphically in figure 14.
Although the Brule formation primarily is a siltstone of low per-
meability, intensive test drilling in the basin might, in places, reveal
phenomena similar to those in Laramie County, Wyo. (Rapp and
others, 1953, p. 41-42), where wells obtain water from zones of re-
worked pebbles of siltstone and from fractures.
An electric log showing the contact of the Brule with other forma-
tions and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves characteristic
of the Brule is given in figure 14.
Distribution and. tnickness
The Brule formation crops out in western Nebraska and South
Dakota, northeastern Colorado, and eastern Wyoming. It does not
crop out in the Frenchman Creek basin, but it is exposed north of the
South Platte River, in T. 11 N., Rs. 53 and 54 W., Logan County,
Colo., in a series of bluffs that rise about 200 feet above the plains
(Bjorklund and Brown, 1957, p. 27). Locally, the formation is
absent in the northern part of the basin because of erosion during
early Tertiary time, and there the Chadron formation is overlain by
the Ogallala formation. Two presumably isolated occurrences of
the Brule are known from subsurface data; they are south of Enders
Reservoir in Nebraska and southeast of Lamar, Nebr. (See pi. 6.)
The Brule formation in those areas remains as buried erosional out-
liers that overlie the Pierre shale and underlie the Ogallala formation.
Because this conclusion is based on a study of well cuttings, the Brule
formation is not certain to be in place; possibly the cuttings are
reworked Brule material in the lower part of the Ogallala formation.
The Brule formation thickens toward the north, and in the basin it
ranges in thickness from 0 to 255 feet (table 27).
"Water supply
The Brule formation is similar hydrologically to the Chadron

formation; that is, the formation may be considered to be a part of
the relatively impermeable bedrock, and its yield of water to wells
is negligible. Possibly, however, fractures and zones of reworked
material, and channel deposits similar to those in the Chadron forma-
tion (p. 36), underlie the basin locally and will yield useful supplies
of water to wells.
A summary of the chemical quality of water from the Brule for-
mation in Laramie County, Wyo. (Rapp and others, 1953, p. 42),
follows:
Water from the Brule formation generally is hard, but can be used for most
domestic and stock needs and for irrigation. The concentration of dissolved
solids in the 23 water samples from the Brule ranged from 214 to 388 ppm [parts
per million], and the hardness ranged from 93 to 261 parts. The amounts of
sodium, chloride, and fluoride are within the safe limits for ordinary, uses.
The water from the Brule in the report area probably would be of
similar chemical quality.
PLIOCENE SERIES
OGALJLALA FORMATION
Character
The Ogallala formation was described and named by Darton

(1899, p. 732-742). Formerly, the terms "Mortar beds," "Tertiary
grit," and others had been used.
The following sections of typical "mortar beds" of the Ogallala
formation exposed near Wray, Colo., are from Hill and Tompkin
(1953, p. 21). Numbers in parentheses refer to colors on the Rock-
Color Chart (Goddard and others, 1948).
Section of the Ogallala formation in the center of the N /l i sec. 36, T. 1 N., R. J^5 W.
Feel
Limestone, "algal bed"; very pale orange (10 YR 8/2) with concentric
light-brown (5YR 6/4) banding; algalike structure; pisolitic_______ 2-3. 0
Silt, sandy, light-brown (5YR 6/4); case-hardened in places; contains
chunks of sandy limestone which weather out on the silt slope_-__- 12. 0
Sandstone, calcareous; grain size variable with some gravelly lenses;
pale greenish yellow (10 Y 8/2) on fresh face; contains thin cal-
careous pipes, opalized in the center; alternating friable and massive
layers form three prominent ledges with slopes between them_ _, _ __ 16. 0
Sandstone, calcareous and conglomeratic; very pale orange (IOYR
8/2) on fresh face, weathering light olive gray (5Y 6/1); ledge
forming.___________________________________________________ 9. 0
Sandstone, calcareous; marly with shaly partings; interbedded white
(N 9) and very pale orange (10YR 8/2); very friable.------------ 2. 5
Sandstone, calcareous; varies to sandy limestone; white (N 9) to very
pale orange (10 YR 8/2); very hard; ledge forming.______________ 2. 0
GEOLOGY 41
Sandstone, more limy and friable than above bed; contains some chert feet
nodules; white (N 9) with some very pale orange (10 YR 8/2) lenses. 2. 0
Marl; interbedded with very pale orange (lOFfl 8/2) to white (N 9);
friable____________________________________________________ 2. 0
Limestone, argillaceous; contains limestone nodules which weather
out_ ________________ ______________________________________ 2. 0
Sandstone, calcareous, very loosely consolidated.__________________ 4. 0
Total of section.________________________________________ 53. 5-54. 5
Section of the Ogallala formation in the NE% sec. SO, T. 1 N., R. 44 W.

Feet
Limestone, "algal bed"; grayish orange (IQYR 7/4); hard, dense, pisolitic__ 2. 0
Limestone, sandy, white (N 9) to grayish orange (IQYR 7/4), irregularly
cemented; contains thin limestone laminae; weathers to nodules._______ 33. 5
Sand, limy, very pale orange (lOFfl 8/2) to pale greenish yellow (10 Y 8/2);
unconsolidated, with some limestone lenses________---_-____-___-___- 2. 5
Sandstone, calcareous, very pale orange (10 Y 8/2), soft; case-hardened;
gray weathering-______________________________^__________________ 3. 5
Marl, sandy and porous, white (N 9), laminated and crumbly_____-_____- 1. 0
Sandstone, calcareous, medium-grained, very pale orange (lOFjR 8/2), gray
weathering; case-hardened in places; bluff forming.___________________ 9. 0
Sandstone, calcareous, very pale orange (10 YR 8/2), gray weathering, soft,
bluff-forming; upper 2 ft hard; ledge forming_______________________ 10. 0
Limestone, sandy, white (N 9), slope-forming; slope covered with small
weathered chunks of limestone.____________________________________ 5. 0
Limestone, sandy, gray-weathering, hard, dense, ledge forming. __________ 2. 5
Silt, sandy, soft; cemented with calcium carbonate in varying degrees;
grayish orange (IQYR 7/4)____________.________________________ 12. 0
Total of section__________-__-_-_----___-___-__-____________ 81. 0

The "algal bed" at the top of the two sections is the capping lime-
stone containing abundant heads of the alga named Chlorellopsis
bradleyi by Elias. The rock is a pink to reddish-brown concentrically
banded oolitic, pisolitic slightly sandy limestone. Elias (1931, p. 136-
141) stated that it was deposited partly by inorganic precipitation and
partly by precipitation of calcium carbonate by algae "on the nearly
flat bottom of a very large and very shallow lake at the close of
Ogallala time." The area in which the "algal limestone" occurs
probably is much greater than the known distribution of the bed in
1931. Later students, with whom the writers concur, have suggested
that the "algal limestone" was deposited in many small shallow lakes,
which were caused by temporary obstruction of braided streams
flowing nearly at grade. This hypothesis would explain the remark-
able uniformity of texture and thickness of the bed and also would
account for its discontinuity.
The Ogallala formation is composed of beds of silt, sand, gravel,
caliche, and clay which, on cursory examination, seem to lens and
655012 O - 63 - 4
interfinger in short vertical and horizontal distances. The beds

actually are more continuous and better sorted than they appear to
be; in general, gravel and sand are concentrated in winding narrow
bands that extend eastward or southeastward. The presence of these
bands at any depth in the formation suggests that they represent
former channels of the shifting streams that deposited the Ogallala
formation. Silt, however, is the predominant constituent material
throughout the formation.
Some of the sand and gravel of the Ogallala formation is cemented
by calcium carbonate, which forms a rock ranging in competence
from a friable sandstone that is only partly indurated to relatively
hard, resistant ledge-forming "mortar beds." Most of the beds of
sandstone in the formation are poorly sorted and contain considerable
amounts of very fine sand and silt.
Stringers of clay and caliche are common in most of the formation.
The lower half of the Ogallala formation in some places in the basin
contains bentonitic clay, but its appearance differs from the brightly
colored Woodhouse clays described by Elias (1931, p. 153-158).
White bentonitic clay was recovered from depths between 112 and
117 feet in test hole 8-47-1 aaa, Phillips County, Colo., and a bed of
nearly pure white bentonite, which swelled readily in water, was
penetrated between 188 and 190 feet in test hole 9-47-lddd, Sedgwick
County, Colo. The bentonitic clay probably is an alteration product
of ash that was carried by winds during Ogallala time from volcanoes
in the Rocky Mountains.
Four representative samples of sand and gravel below the water
table in the Ogallala formation were analyzed in the Geological
Survey's hydrologic laboratory. Particle-size distribution of the four
samples is shown in figures 17 to 20.
Electric logs showing contacts of the Ogallala formation with other
formations and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves character-
istic of the Ogallala are given in figures 14, 21, and 22. Additional
details of the lithologic character of the Ogallala formation are pre-
sented in table 27.
The Ogallala formation is distributed widely throughout the High
Plains; it underlies large areas in western Nebraska, northeastern
Colorado, southeastern Wyoming, southern South Dakota, western
and south-central Kansas, the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles, and
eastern New Mexico. It underlies nearly all the Frenchman Creek
basin (pi. 2) and lies at the surface in about 50 percent of the area
(pi. 1). It ranges in thickness from 0 in the southeastern part of the
basin near. Akron, Colo., to more than 400 feet in the northeastern
part near Grant, Nebr.; its average thickness is about 250 feet.
JtUU
Percent of
90 Particle sizes sample f
/
80 Clay
Silt 2.29 -
San ±
V ery firie.. ... .... .82
70 F 1.99
£ 60
M ediun
Coarse
V ery Ccjarse..--
Gra\ie\:
10.02
26.14
26.43
'
*
tZ
V ery firie. ............ 19.08
^ 50 F 12.67
UJ N ediun .56
O Coarse .00
S 40 V ery cc arse........ .00
GEOLOGY
30
z
20
10
0
"* CVJ CO ^ in ID 00 O o
in
o o o CM
-
m
-- X
o
/
^
CM oo ^ m vo CM in
I ppppp ; CM m o o o o o o o
c3 O OOOOOO o o o o o d d d -! CM 't od vd CM ^
-H 00 <£>
ri AY »4 *IIT L- CAMH _ ^DAWCI
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES ACCORDING TO INDICATED SIZE. IN MILLIMETERS

FIGURE 17. Particle-size distribution of sample of sand and gravel from the Ogallala formation at depth of 142 to 152 feet in test hole &-42-32dcc, Phillips
County, Colo. CO
Percent of
90 Particle size sample
s
Clay
80 Silt | 1.70
Sane1:
V >ry fine _ .... .32
70 Fi .... .37
M edium .___ 1.24
Cc>arse ._ _ ... 8.29
| 60
iZ
£ 50
LJ
V ry Coarse .... 23.08
Gra i/el:
V<
Fi
.. 28.43
OQ QQ
M edium ..... ... 6.74

+
o C( .00
CE V sry coarse _~. .00
£ 40
30
20
10
..1
+1
n
--
PO 3 in *o oo o O O O O CJ
c\j oo ^t 10 to 8
p p p p p c\j iq
dodo do d d d d d d d
CLAY- SILT- - SAND -GRAVEL-
FIOTJBE 18. Particle-size distribution of sample of sand and gravel from the Ogallala formation at depth of 192 to 202 feet in test hole 8-42-32dcc, Phillips
County, Colo.
Percent o f /
Clay f
80 Silt. l.(56
SaneJ:
V eryfine 1.11
70 F >0
M edium.......... .... 2.C>4
5
C 30
£5 60 V 5ry Coarse- .... 11.;21
Grav el:
a. V( .... 24.<55
^ 50 Fi ne ........... ...... .... 33. 53
Ul
o
cr
UJ 40
M edium.......... ....
C
V sry coarse... .....
19.130
.(30
.00
k
GEOLOGY
30
'
20
10
X
. -- ^
Mm^«>
0
^ m <o oo o o o o o CM m o
O O O Q *"" CM oo g- m (O CM \e>
I
1 i § o oo o o ooooo <-i CM m o o o o o o o
<D O 0 0 OOOO OOOOO O O O ~-< CM ^' 00 (O CM ^
T-H oo (O
PI AY k. * °ll T r CAMn _ or«A»iiri
FIGURE 19. Particle-size distribution of sample of sand and gravel from the OgaUala formation at depth of 142 to 152 feet in test hole 9-37-36ddd, Perkins
County, Nebr.
100
Clay __________
80 Silt _________ 2.54
Sand:
Very fine _ _ _ . .81
70 Fine _______ 1.75
Medium _____ 7.56
0_
Coarse ____- 25.97
UJ 60 Very Coarse _ _ 46.90
Gravel:
Very fine ____ 11.26
Fine _______ 3.21
Medium _____ .00
Coarse _____ .00
Very coarse- - - .00
-i CM oo T! in ID on o
o o O o O O O o
d o o'ddddd
CLAY- -SILT
FIGTJKE 20. Particle-size distribution of sample of sand and gravel from the Ogallala formation at depth of 352 to 362 feet in test hole ll-38-36aaa, Perkins
County, Nebr.
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL RESISTIVITY
very fine to coarse sand
Very fine to coarse sand; con-

tains some very coarse
sand to fine gravel
ard buff to brown limonite-
stained clay; contains
sand, gravel, and caliche
Hard buff caliche; contains

streaks of sand
Silty hard medium-brown clay
Very fine sand to fine graver
and caliche, partly cemented
Silty soft clay and buff caliche;
buff
Sandy hard buff caliche
Cherty hard white caliche I

Fine to coarse calcareous!
sand; contains very fine
sand to fine gravel
Silty hard medium-brown clay
Very fine to fine to very
coarse calcareous sand;
contains thin layers of clay
Very fine to very coa£se^cal-l
careous sand; contains
some very fine to medium
gravel and thin layers of
clay
Clay, interbedded with sand
and caliche
Clay and caliche; contains
very fine to coarse sand
140
FIGURE 21. Part of log of test hole 3-42-31bdd showing the contact of the dune sand on the Ogallala formation and spontaneous-potential and resistivity
curves both above and below the water table. Note that the spontaneous-potential curve drifts to the right near the upper surface of the dune sand; this
drift is the result of an electrokinetic nitration potential produced by differences in the amount of drilling-mud invasion of permeable formations.
133d Nl '30VddnS QNV1 M0138 Hld3Q

3 8 g 2 § §
GEOLOGY 49
Water supply
The Ogallala formation is the most important aquifer in the basin.
Nearly all irrigation, stock, domestic, and public-supply wells tap
this formation. The yields of the wells depend, directly or indirectly,
upon several factors which include the depth to and configuration
of the underlying bedrock, the thickness of the saturated materials,
the permeability of the materials below the water table, and the
diameter, depth, construction, and development of the wells. It is
possible that an ideal well penetrating the Ogallala formation would
yield more than 3,000 gpm (gallons per minute). Various factors have
prevented the construction of wells of such large yields in the basin.
Until 1954, wells yielding 1,000 to 1,500 gpm have been adequate
to supply the needs of the largest irrigated farms. Because larger
quantities of water were not required, the yields of many wells have
been restricted by incomplete penetration of the aquifer. Deeper
and more costly wells, however, perhaps would be more economical
because complete penetration of the aquifer would reduce the draw-
down, the pumping lift, and the pumping costs.
The zone of saturation in the Ogallala formation is thickest beneath
the sandhills in Phillips and Yuma Counties, Colo., which are areas
of rough topography and generally thin sandy soil that is unsuitable
for irrigation. Some wells have been drilled at unfavorable locations
because preliminary test drilling was insufficient to define local
variations in the thickness and permeability of saturated materials.
The older formations were eroded extensively before the Ogallala
formation was deposited, and their surfaces were drained by streams
that lay in valleys similar to the present valleys but located differently.
The saturated thickness and permeability of the Ogallala are greater
in those places where the formation fills ancient valleys and where it
includes channel deposits.
Water from the Ogallala formation in the basin is classified as
moderately hard to hard but excellent to good for irrigation.
PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT SERIES
SANBORN FORMATION
Character
The Sanborn formation was named by Elias (1931, p. 163) for San-
born, Nebr., which is the town nearest a typical exposure in the
northwest corner of Cheyenne County, Kans. The name Sanborn
formation is intended as a substitute for the old terms "Tertiary marl"
or "Plains marl," used by Hay (1895). Lugn (1935, p. 197) objected
to the use of the term "Sanborn formation" because the names
Loveland and Peorian had been used in Nebraska for several years
before 1934 for deposits which he considered equivalent to the San-
born formation. Later, Elias (1937, p. 7) discovered a dark-brown
loess, which underlies the lighter colored loess of the Sanborn in

Decatur County, Kans., and which he considered equivalent to the
Loveland formation in Nebraska. Still later, the Loveland, Peoria,
and Bignell silt members of the Sanborn formation in Kansas were
correlated with the Loveland, Peorian, and Bignell loesses of Nebraska
(Frye and Fent, 1947). Differentiation of members of the Sanborn
formation is valuable because the loess soils and other parts of the
formation have different agricultural characteristics; hydrologically,
the homogeneity of the Sanborn formation in the basin makes dif-
ferentiation unimportant. Therefore, in this report, the formation
is undifferentiated.
FIGURE 23. Contact of colluvial loess of the Sanborn formation with "mortar beds" of the Ogsllala
formation in the SWHSWJ4NWH sec. 5, T. 5 N., R. 38 W., Chase County, Nebr. Note stairstep
slumping of loess. Photograph by S. J. Spiegel.
The Sanborn formation is of Pleistocene and Recent (?) age and

consists generally of yellowish-buff porous unstratified and uncon-
solidated cliff-forming loess (fig. 23). The silt is sandy in places and
probably contains channel deposits of sand and gravel in the lower
part, although in well cuttings the channel deposits are difficult to
distinguish from the underlying Ogallala formation.
An electric log showing the contact of the Sanborn formation with
the Ogallala formation and spontaneous-potential and resistivity
curves characteristic of the Sanborn is included in figure 22. Addi-
GEOLOGY 51
tional details of the lithologic character of the Sanborn formation

are given in table 27.
The Sanborn formation is distributed widely in Kansas, where it

extends from the Colorado State line to central Kansas and is exposed
in places in northeastern Kansas (Frye and Leonard, 1952, pi. 2).
The formation in Nebraska was described by Lugn (1934) as form-
ing "an almost unbroken mantle of yellowish eolian silt and clay
covering 42,000 square miles." In the Frenchman Creek basin, the
greater part of the formation has been called in other reports the
Peorian loess. The formation is discontinuous in northeastern. Colo-
rado but occurs as outliers on the Ogallala formation in a belt extend-
ing from southwest of Fleming to at least as far south as southern
Kit Carson County. Two of the outliers are within the basin. The
first extends from southwest of Fleming, Colo., southward to the
boundary of the basin near Akron, Colo., where the Sanborn ranges
in thickness from 0 at some places to about 80 feet in test hole
4-51-laaa, Washington County, Colo. The second outlier includes
large parts of the stream-divide areas in Nebraska. The loess ranges
in thickness from 0 at some places to about 193 feet in test hole
3-35-2aaa, Hitchcock County, Nebr. The Sanborn is exposed areally
in about 15 percent of the basin. (See pi. 1.)
Water supply
The Sanborn formation is not an aquifer in the basin, for it is of

low permeability and lies above the water table. The formation is
important hydrologically because its low permeability retards
recharge to underlying aquifers.
DUNE SAND
Character
The dune sand of Pleistocene and Recent age probably was depos-
ited contemporaneously with the dune sand in the sandhills region
of Nebraska. It is pale yellowish-brown to pink quartzitic to slightly
feldspathic sand consisting of well-rounded and well-sorted frosted
grains. According to Hill and Tompkin (1953, p. 32), the size of
80 percent of the grains is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
An electric log showing the contact of the dune sand with the
Ogallala formation and spontaneous-potential and resistivity curves
characteristic of the dune sand is given in figure 21. Additional
details of the lithology of the dune sand are given in table 27.
Dune sand of the type in the basin is widespread in eastern Colo-

rado and adjacent States; in fact, dune sand occupying an area of
nearly 20,000 square miles in north-central and western Nebraska

and parts of western Kansas and eastern Colorado was named the
Sand Hills formation by Lugn (1934, p. 350). The sandhills region
in Nebraska is described and discussed by Lugn (1934), Condra and
Reed (1943), Condra, Reed, and Gordon (1947), and Lohman (1953b).
Dune sand is exposed areally in about 35 percent of the basin
(pi. 1). Most of the dune-sand areas are typified by northwestward-
trending sand ridges as high as 170 feet and as long as 10 miles.
The average maximum thickness of the dune sand is estimated to
be about 160 feet, and the average thickness does not exceed 15 feet.
In general, the dune-sand area has a multicycle dune topography
such as that described by Smith (1940, p. 164). Secondary blow-
outs are common in places of rejuvenation; dunes in those places
are comparatively bare and probably are migrating. Elsewhere,
the dunes are in youthful to mature stages of eluviation and sup-
port sufficient vegetation to permit the grazing of numerous cattle.
According to Wallace Bruce, of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service
(personal communication, 1952), soil in the dune-sand area ranges
in thickness from 0 on the side slopes of the dunes to as much as
3 feet in the valleys between the dunes; some of the interdune valleys
are under cultivation.
"Water supply
The interior drainage typical of the eluvial phase of the sand-dune
cycle, combined with the high permeability of the dunes, enables
precipitation to percolate rapidly downward to the water table. The
rapid rate of percolation greatly reduces losses by evapotranspiration
and runoff. The greatest hydrologic importance of the dune-sand
area is that it acts as a catchment basin and provides for efficient
recharge of the underlying ground-water reservoir. Actually, the
dune sand in most of the basin is only a veneer of sediments lying
above the water table. The relative permanence of the point of
effluence of Frenchman Creek results principally from the trapping
of precipitation by the dune sand and the subsequent slow release of
the water from underlying aquifers.
The water table lies close to the land surface and, during periods
of high water table, intersects the land surface in some interdune
valleys. The result is ephemeral water-table lakes which provide
watering places for cattle and wildfowl. In a few interdune valleys
in Yuma County, Colo., subirrigation is possible during times of high
water table. Plants that have long taproots can be grown in these
valleys, and the growing of alfalfa by subirrigation is an increasing
farm practice.
Most wells in the dune-sand area tap the Ogallala formation, but
a few may tap both the dune sand and the Ogallala formation. Thus,
GEOLOGY 53
tests of the chemical quality of water from the dune-sand area give
inconclusive evidence of the quality of water from dune sand.
ALLUVIUM
Character
The alluvium consists of silt, clay, and channel deposits of sand
and gravel. Low-level terrace deposits, mapped as part of the
alluvium, consist primarily of sand and gravel. The channel deposits
of sand and gravel in the alluvium are the most permeable materials
in the basin.
The contact of the alluvium with the Pierre shale and spontaneous-
potential and resistivity curves characteristic of the alluvium are
shown on an electric log (fig. 13). Additional details of the lithologic
character of the alluvium are given in table 27.
The-alluvium is confined to the valleys of the main streams of the
Nebraska part of the basin and is exposed areally in less than 1 per-
cent of the area. (See pi. 1.) It ranges in thickness from 0 near
the points of effluence of the streams to about 100 feet at well
4-34-1 aaa near Palisade, Nebr.
Water supply
The yields of wells that tap the alluvium are limited principally by
the thickness of saturated material. Saturated channel deposits of
sand and gravel in the alluvium of sufficient thickness will yield
large quantities of water to wells. The alluvium in the Frenchman
Creek valley is thickest in the easternmost part of the area. Where
the section of saturated alluvium is thin, wells are a more reliable
source of supply if constructed so as to tap both the saturated alluvium
and the Ogallala formation. The well of largest yield in the basin,
4-34-laaa near Palisade, Nebr., taps alluvium in the Frenchman
Creek valley. It penetrates 76 feet of water-bearing alluvium and
yields 2,000 gpm. Well 5-33-30cba yields 1,340 gpm from 81 feet
of saturated alluvium, and well 5-35-21aaa yields 800 gpm from 61
feet of saturated alluvium. Additional hydrologic information on
the alluvium is given in the section of this report dealing with aquifer
tests.
The chemical quality of water from the alluvium is similar to that
of water from the Ogallala formation and from streams in the area.
(See tables 22, 23.)
HYDROLOGIC PROPERTIES OF WATER-BEARING MATERIALS
The capacity of a unit cross section of a rock to transmit water

under pressure is called "permeability." The permeability of a rock
is defined in the Geological Survey as the rate at which water at 60°F
is transmitted through a cross section 1 foot square under a unit

hydraulic gradient that is, under a difference in head of 1 foot per
foot of flow path. The field coefficient of permeability is the same
unit except that it is measured at the existing temperature of the
water. Either coefficient may be expressed in terms of a section
1 foot thick and 1 mile wide and in feet per mile of hydraulic gradient.
The field coefficient of permeability used in this report is the number
of gallons of water, at the prevailing water temperature, that perco-
lates each day through each mile of the water-bearing material
(measured at right angles to the direction of flow) for each foot of
thickness of the material and for each foot per mile of hydraulic gra-
dient (Wenzel, 1942, p. 7-11).
The capacity of an aquifer to transmit water is called "transmissi-
bility." The coefficient of transmissibility, introduced by Theis
(1935, p. 520), may be expressed as the number of gallons of water
per day, at the prevailing water temperature, moving through each
mile strip of the aquifer under a hydraulic gradient of 1 foot per mile.
Hence, the coefficient of transmissibility is the field coefficient of
permeability, as defined above, multiplied by the saturated thickness
of the aquifer, in feet.
Part of the water in any rock is unavailable to wells because it is
held against the force of gravity by molecular attraction that is, by
the cohesion of the molecules of water and by their adhesion to the
walls of the openings. The ratio of the volume of water that a rock
will yield by gravity, after being saturated, to its own volume is
known as the "specific yield" of the rock and usually is expressed as
a percentage, though it may be expressed as a decimal fraction. The
ratio of the volume of water held by the rock against the pull of gravity
to its own volume is known as specific retention. The specific yield
plus the specific retention equals the porosity of the rock. Thus, if
100 cubic feet of a saturated rock will yield 8 cubic feet and retain 13
cubic feet of water, when drained by gravity, the specific yield is 8
percent, or 0.08; the specific retention is 13 percent, or 0.13; and the
porosity is 21 percent, or 0.21.
The volume of water an aquifer releases from or takes into storage
per unit of surface area of the aquifer per unit change in the compo-
nent of head normal to that surface is called the coefficient of storage.
If the aquifer is unconfined (nonartesian, or water table), the coeffi-
cient of storage is approximately equal to the specific yield. If the
aquifer is confined, it does not yield water by gravity drainage; there-
fore, the coefficient of storage represents water squeezed out of
storage, and derived by expansion of the water itself, as the head
declines. This coefficient of storage is much smaller numerically
than the coefficient of storage under water-table conditions.
GEOLOGY 55
The "piezometric surface" of an aquifer is a surface representing

the level at which water stands in tightly cased wells penetrating the
aquifer. The term can be defined either to refer only to artesian condi-
tions or to include the water table. Ground water -in the basin largely
is under water-table conditions, but the broad definition of "piezo-
metric surface" is used in the following treatment of aquifer tests to
allow for the possibility of local confinement of water under artesian
pressure, a condition indicated by a coefficient of storage that is small.
AQUIFER TESTS
The coefficients of transmissibility and storage of the Ogallala

formation and the alluvial deposits were determined in 24 aquifer
tests at locations shown on plate 7. Equipment used to make the
necessary measurements included a stopwatch, a Hoff electric current
meter, electric-contact and steel tapes, a barometer, and a ther-
mometer. Changes in water level during tests of wells ll-39-21bcd
and l(M:3-3dcb were determined by means of an air line and pressure
gage.
When a well is pumped, the piezometric surface in the vicinity of
the well declines and takes a form similar to that of an inverted cone,
called the "cone of depression." The pumping level in the well is at
the apex of the cone, and the slope of the cone is greatest near the well
and decreases at greater distances from the well. The distance to a
point on the periphery of the cone where the drawdown is imperceptible
is called the "radius of influence," and the circular area described by
this radius is the "area of influence" of the well. If the discharge of
the well is increased, the drawdown and area of influence also are
increased.
The "static" (nonpumping) water levels in the test and observation
wells are measured before an aquifer test is begun. During the test,
a well generally is pumped at a rate as uniform as possible for a period
ranging from several hours to several days. The rate of discharge
from the well and the depth to water are measured at periodic
intervals. Generally, observation wells are drilled at selected dis-
tances from the pumped well, and the water levels in them also are
measured periodically (fig. 24). After pumping has stopped, periodic
measurements of the water levels in the pumped and observation wells
are continued until the water levels recover to or approach their
original static position.
The Theis method of determining the transmissibility of a water-
bearing material (Theis, 1935, p. 520) involves an analysis of the rate
of decline in water level as pumping proceeds; the water level is meas-
ured in the pumped well or in one or more observation wells. The
formulas used to determine the coefficient of transmissibility by dis-
Pumped well-
Observation Observation Observation
well I i well 2 , well 3 ,
Land surface
. .. .. ......
. .Piezometric surface '.'
v/V before pumping «--.^
' ' .' °
jyj
L1 '. <*: Drawdown'- ' i^'-
pumped
well '- :^^
describing the cone..o'-
around the pumped :.'-'^': '.
sZ.-.-:.:. -:-- \. :.'^^ : ^:?-^:-W-'^/:4 :
\- .m : (a -lit:, : '. : '. <* ; .«. ' ^ .«.. :_<£
.Ci.
~^-^-{^^l-^^=l:.-_^_'=L:=^^_ lmperrne£b|e_ bedjroc k_= E.-£H?:LrL£"-:I-:Ir^r:j££r-Er^"Îr:L:rr
FIGURE 24. Diagrammatic section of the piezometric surface near a well that is being pumped.
charging-well methods, are based on the following assumptions

(Meinzer and Wenzel, 1942, p. 471):
(1) the water-bearing formation is homogeneous and isotropic, (2) the formation
has an indefinite areal extent, (3) the pumped well penetrates the entire thick-
ness of water-bearing formation, (4) the coefficient of transmissibility is constant
at all places and at all times, (5) the pumped well has an infinitesimal diameter,
(6) the initial nonpumping piezometric surface is horizontal, (7) the impervious
bed underlying the water-bearing bed is horizontal, and (8) water is taken from
storage instantaneously by the decline in head.
The degree to which these assumptions are fulfilled varies for each
aquifer test and governs the accuracy of coefficients determined by the
test.
From data gathered during the aquifer tests, coefficients of trans-
missibility and storage were computed by the Theis nonequilibrium
formula (Theis, 1935, p. 520). The Theis equation, in nondimensional
form, for the discharge of a well in an areally infinite homogeneous
aquifer may be written:
,= _g_ f (1)
4?rS J u
where W(u), which is called the "well function of u" is an abbreviated

form of the integral expression, and where
r2S
u= (la)
GEOLOGY 57
In units commonly used by the Geological Survey, equations (1) and

(la) may be rewritten as follows:
T== H**Q W(U) (2)
(2a)
where
T coefficient of transmissibility, in gallons per day per foot;

Q discharge of pumped well, in gallons per minute;
s= drawdown or recovery at any point in the cone of influence,
in feet;
S= coefficient of storage;
r= distance of observation point from pumped well, in feet;
£=time since pumping started, in days; and
e= natural-logarithm base.
The only variables in equation (2) are s and W(u) ; the only variables
in equation (2a) are r, t, and u. The similar form of these two equa-
tions is demonstrated readily if they are rewritten as follows:
I 1.O< O I 9/. /0 \
u=\ fjr- \r2/t (3a)
As the terms in brackets are constant, W(u) will vary with the term u
in the same manner as s will vary with r2/t. Values for the terms
r, s, and t are obtained from aquifer tests. It is convenient to solve
graphically for the unknowns in equations (2) and (2a), by means of a
type curve (fig. 25).
If a logarithmic plot is prepared, with values of W(u) plotted against
corresponding values of u, the resultant curve will be similar to a
logarithmic plot of s against r2/t, as shown by figure 26. The solution
of the Theis formula is made by superposing the data plot on the
type curve, keeping the coordinate axes parallel, and shifting the
two plots until the best fit is found (fig. 26). After the best fit is
found, a match point anywhere on the curve or anywhere on the
graph sheet is selected to obtain values of W(u), u, s, and r2/t for use
in computing the coefficient of transmissibility and the coefficient of
storage from equations (2) and (2a), respectively.
The modified nonequilibrium Theis formula described by Jacob
(1947) also was used to determine coefficients of transmissibility and
655012 O - 63 - 5 .
10.0
FIGURE 25. Logarithmic graph of the well-function type curve.
storage. Values of s are plotted on the linear scale of semilog graph

paper, and values of t are plotted on the logarithmic scale. The
slope of the straight line that can be drawn through the plotted points
may be determined from the change in drawdown (As) over one log
cycle of t (for which the change in Iog10 t is unity); hence, Jacob's
simplified equations, expressed in units used by the Geological Survey,
have the form
and
0 =
0.3^0
where £o=tinie, in days, at which zero drawdown appears to occur,

as shown by the extrapolated straight line in figure 27. To use the
above equations, pumping must continue until t becomes large
enough for the plotted points to define a straight line. Theoretically,
this should occur when the value of u becomes smaller than 0.02.
A summary of the results of the aquifer tests made in the basin
is given in table 7. The coefficients of transmissibility ranged from
25,000 to 330,000 gpd per ft (gallons per day per foot). Such a wide
range is to be expected, as the Ogallala formation and the alluvium
vary widely in saturated thickness and in the size, shape, and degree
of interconnection of interstices.
The coefficients of storage indicated by the aquifer tests ranged
from 0.01 to 0.10; the smaller coefficients are too large for artesian
conditions but are very small for water-table conditions. Under
GEOLOGY 59
100
^- *'-, Type cu rve
. ^T~.
1 0
J
J
r = !25f t
0:800 gptn
Match -po nt coord nates:
-^ :h ( oil t
: U--026
£*" / */ = 1.2!) x I06 5=0.46
r=ms QW(u) II4.6X80C xl.C = 200,0OOgpdperfi>et
f ' 0.46 \
3
!
fo..
s-~sr
<-._ U r _ o.26«2OO.oq
rlt ' l.87x .25x10* ' 2.2xlCf* s \
»
' V
0.01
1 o3 10* 10s I06
\.
I07 10"
FIGURE 26. Aquifer-test data superposed on the type curve; data from test of well 7-43-33acd.
o.u °
<j ,N
< v
N%
^
r = 125ft ^ A toy) =>
Q - 800 qpm
/ = 6 min =0.00'IZdoy
\ ^\
'h
T-
5. 03^/0
in ' 210,000 gp ifx
k\ -A5= Oft
r Nv
s . 03x210.000x0.0042 ,, ..-2
1
^
1
\\
V;
--i- V J
s
\
10 100 1000 10,000
/=TIME, IN MINUTES, SINCE PUMPING STARTED
FIGURE 27. Semilogarithmic graph of aquifer-test data for application of modified Theis formula; data
from test of well 7-43-33acd.
water-table conditions, the computed coefficient increases with time

as additional water drains from the part of the aquifer within the
cone of depression created by pumping, instead of being released
instantly as assumed in the formula. As the aquifer tests lasted only
ooooo oooo ooooo ooooo oooo

o-* t^ oo OOIOO5O5 Ot^ O5 O T-H
(AW Jed pdg)
OCOOO O
COIN CO COO fOtÔJ TjH S OO CO"* CO (M cOt^rH CO
TjH J> COOO
t^ cO(M TH
.£)tnqi33i~U3d
jb Vrapigaoo
-*" r-r^rio" T 1 T 1 T 1
ooooo oooo ooooo ooooo OOOO

ooooo oooo ooooo ooooo oooo
(W ooooo oooo ooooo ooooo oooo
-stream jo jnaiaijjaoo o»oooo oooo lOOOOiO
IO(M T-H COO5
ooooo
cocOO t-- CO
OOOiO
(N 00"* CO
CO <N COC5O COO 1* CO
co TH co (M<N T-H r-H T-H 1 1 1 1 (MrH(N (M 11
lOOOOOt^ Tjn (M t^ (M lOfO COCOOIN 1C CO TjH COt^ T-H CO CO"* OO

(OAvop CO T-H TjH (M TjH lOt^ TjH TjH t^ (M CO CO 1C CO O t t-- TH CO "* (M (M (M
-AVBJP jo u aad md3) T 1 TH
XîOBdBO ogioadg
(H) paqoBaa T-H TtHQ05OOO 00-* (M C^ (M COOO COOO t>. O5 T 1 O O5 co<Ncoo5

fO (M (N (M T-H T-H i-H fOfO (M T-H CO T-H T-H (M T-H TH TH (M (M (M "* CO
SBAV mnuqinnba
a^Bcdtxo-ddB
aa^jB TuvvopAma
OOOOO OOOOO ooooo ooooo OOOO

O ^h ^ O5 O fOOQiO Tjn O T-H 1C OO OO T I TjH T-H OtÔ COO COO5
0
~>
(mdg) O^tHfOCOOO O5O COTjH CO TjH (M t^ O5t^ t^ -*OO TH O5 OiOOO
8}BJ gnidmtid a2B.i8Ay
1 (M*~ r-T T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T H TH" TH" TH TH TH
foramation] OiOiOOO IOO1OOO ooooo OOOOO oooo

CO COCOO
T-H lOOOt^ TjH COCO TjH t^ TjH COO T-H CO »C OO O5t^ COOO
(sajnatm) 1C 00 »O O 1C CO»CT-H CO CO t>- T-H T-H t^ (N iO cOt^ O5 CO CO CO
gaidmnd jo uonB-nQ *" "*"co"co" t-~TH~
ro
(M (N
1«
i*
g M
(w)
ssampiq:) paâti^g
COOr-H OO
t^«-H 00 t^ CO.
cOO-Ôt^
O5 t^ TjH t^ t^
T-H (M r-H (M (M
"*tÔ5 "*T-H
IOCOCO CO TjH
OOO 1* TjH TjH
O5 COIOIOO5
TH CS (N (M TH
COO5TH O
CO TH 1C O
TH TH TH (N
.. O T-H T-H (M (M
*i"
* o
S H
fU) rajBAV o^ qjdea
T-H IOOO5 (M
CO 00 CîO<N
TjH OJOr-H 1C
^H CO ^^ ^^ ^^
OOlOIMlOO
TjH COCO TjH 1C
COOC500-*
O5 CO 1C"* CO
TH IT- TH t>.
t^ O5 COt^
n| -a
T 1 TH (M TH
t>- 1C T-H O5 CO OO5 Tjn rH (M (M (M T-H O5T-H CO 00 CO (MOO -* cO(Mt^

(«) jpoipaq o; qidaa OO5 O (M (M TtHOOOT-H (M cot^ coooj OOO5TH OO COTH OO t^
M T-H (M T-H T-H T-H (M fOT-H COCO CO T-H (M CO (M (M (N COCOIM (M CO COCO
3 f
a OTHO 00
t^ OOOr-l M Tjn O5OOOO (M OO OOO O"3 COOOt^
1*
-' 0*
(W) H8AV jo qjdaa OOJOJfOOO
T-H (M T-H
COOlOr-H TjH
T-H fOT-H (M (M
OCOCOOO (M
T-H T-H (M T-H (M
COi-H COOJt^
(M<N (MTHTH
TH cOO(M
CM co "* co
< 0 o
H
lajmby H H
_ 0 ,-T 0 . O O ^T O O OOOOO OOOOO OOOO
<1H<1H<1 HH<1HH HHHHH HHHHH HHHH
a>
-tj
03 C.
Moody_ Mort
ester_
-u Moreeorge
land_ _ Fulsche_r. Kunmereman _
fax
OQ PrW.
ibbino_ Heerman .__ ralter
Brown_
&
W
s 3 §'sû ag rrotanch.ter Cox
ermi_t i d
>>M.a3|
Bart
Larenceh_ Poeuy
______ Kilobasa__ Hodges
delphia
^s
O 0 M Pl5--
td O flj flj t-i
MW§|0
wS-s|s2
'^^ by
line.
air
. 4J o :
O<1«ia2PH wj^gji
fej'de-ife MooMo <i2w^^ HUOSH J^<1^
1
iii iii iii *ii iii 111 111 111 111 111 ii iii iii iii i > i i i i
> iii
i ' i i i 8-41-34abc_ _ I10-dab2_41-1 10-43-3dcb_ _ Dr1ameaswdown
i T3 o3 o3 o3 J «5-° S ' 1 , I^J .Q J2 J2-T3 OT3 1-bcd__
l1 39-2
s3._2.O 0 c3 =«^2^2^^2 J2 o3^2-Q^2 .Q.O o O O
? s3 cS O ^2 cS J2 o O.Q 0 ^2-a^-Q s3 03.0 03^2^2
o3 CO O 00 T-H T3iO(M O 0 ^2 03.QOO T-H OO t CO>O CO
fS T-H (N fO(M (M ^ CO r-H COCO T-H ICO (M (M rH (M COCO (M
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TjH t^ fOTtHIO OOO1 COO5 O T-H OOO T-H CO O
CO-* ro ro ro co co co CO"* "* co "* "* TjH TjH
TfH 'i1 lOlO »O IOIOCO COCO cot^t^ t^ t^ 00
GEOLOGY 61
a few hours to a few days, all the coefficients of storage determined

in the basin probably are much larger than those computed and could
be determined accurately only by tests of several weeks' duration.
Data are cited for laboratory tests of aquifer materials in the following
paragraphs. Those tests were made to determine the specific yield
of the sediments. The aquifer tests described yield values for the
coefficient of storage, a characteristic which under water-table condi-
tions is closely related and approximately equal to the specific yield.
For simplicity of presentation, the laboratory term is employed in
the statement that follows.
Several selected samples of water-bearing materials from the basin
were analyzed in the Geological Survey's hydrologic laboratory.
The specific yields of the samples ranged from 25.5 to 30.4 percent.
In view of the preceding statement, it is estimated conservatively
that the average specific yield throughout the basin is not less than
20 percent; this value was used for all computations requiring values
for specific yield.
When water is pumped from a well,-the water level in the well
declines. The "specific capacity'' of a well is its rate of yield per
unit of drawdown and generally is determined by dividing the yield,
in gallons per minute, by the drawdown, in feet. High specific
capacities indicate an aquifer of high iânsmissibility; low specific
capacities, an aquifer of low transmissibility. The yield of a well
per foot of drawdown is a function also of factors other than trans-
missibility, such as the diameter of the well, its depth of penetration
into the aquifer, the effectiveness of the casing perforations or well
screens, and the effectiveness of well development.
Under water-table conditions, the specific capacity of even a fully
developed well is constant only when the drawdown is no more than
a small fraction of the saturated thickness of the aquifer. A com-
parison of specific capacities, however, is useful for estimating the
relative efficiency (of wells and the relative permeability of formations.
Drawdowns in irrigation wells in the basin that yield about 1,000
gpm range from about 8 to 40 feet; their specific capacities, therefore,
range from about 125 to 25. The drawdown is inversely proportional
to the permeability of the water-bearing material; hence, the draw-
down generally is small in wells that tap well-sorted gravel and coarse
sand and is much greater, for the same pumping rate, in wells that
tap less permeable materials, such as fine sand, silt, or clay.
All the wells tested were irrigation wells of similar diameter and
construction. Nearly all penetrated more than two-thirds of the
aquifer, and some penetrated the entire aquifer.
A study was made of the relation between specific capacity and
coefficient of transmissibility, based on data from the 24 aquifer
/
'
/
/
S8SgSSS§S85§ J \/
MIFOOT
SPECIDIN
GALCAPACI
PER
OF RANWLUTEDOFNSWITCNY,
EXPLANATION o
/
Well in alluviu Tl
O
/
Well in Ogallala fornnation
/
/
C /'
r
\ ;
/
/? I )
A \l\
( 1
1 \
1> /
/» <1
o o
< ()
\?
y
/
°0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
COEFFICIENT OF TRANSMISSIBILITY, IN THOUSANDS OF GALLONS PER DAY PER FOOT
FIOTJKE 28. Relation of specific capacity of wells tapping the Ogallala formation to the transmissibility of
that formation in the vicinity of the wells.
tests. Figure 28 shows that the relation between the two is fairly
consistent. Inasmuch as specific capacity was determined for many
wells during the inventory, the coefficient of transmissibility of the
aquifer in the vicinity of each well could be estimated from the curve
in figure 28. Coefficients of transmissibility were estimated in that
manner for 65 locations. Those considered most reliable were
plotted, and lines were drawn through points of inferred equal trans-
missibility (pi. 7). The lines suggest that the areas of higher trans-
missibility are coextensive with the areas of greater saturated thick-
ness in the Ogallala formation (pi. 8) and in the alluvium along the
stream valleys.
The rapid decrease in transmissibility along a line from Holyoke,
Colo., to Venango, Nebr., is inferred to be the result of a greater
depth to the water table and the presence of local bedrock "highs"
(pi. 6), which decrease the saturated thickness of the aquifer. Perme-
ability of the sediments below the water table also decreases in that
area, according to interpretation of logs of wells. In general,
transmissibilities are smaller along the outer fringes of the area
studied and over bedrock "highs" or ridges.
GEOLOGY 63
Some coefficients of transmissibility in table 8 do not fit the contour

lines on plate 7 because the wells tested penetrate less than hah" the
aquifer, or because the wells penetrate thick sections of relatively
impermeable clay, caliche, or fine or cemented sand, so that the com-
puted coefficients of transmissibility were low. For example, the
results of an aquifer test of well 7-40-28bbb, which penetrates only
about 50 percent of the Ogallala formation, indicated a coefficient of
transmissibility of 130,000 gpd per ft (table 7), though the well is
in an area having an average coefficient of 190,000 (pi. 7). The
results of an aquifer test of well 6-41-lbbb, which penetrates only
about 20 percent of the Ogallala formation, indicated a coefficient of
transmissibility of only 55,000 gpd per ft, although the well is in an
area having an average coefficient of about 180,000. The results of
an aquifer test of well 7-41-21abb, in an area having an average
coefficient of about 220,000 gpd per ft, indicated a coefficient of trans-
missibility of only 95,000 because the well penetrated thick sections
of relatively impermeable caliche and clay.
The maps showing transmissibility and saturated thickness (pis.
7, 8) were used as an aid in computing the subsurface flow across
the Colorado-Nebraska State line. These maps are useful also in
determining general areas favorable for developing irrigation wells;
however, the inherent weaknesses of the maps caused by the rela-
tively small number of control points and by the fact that areas of
anomalously low transmissibility are not revealed must be borne in
mind. A classification of aquifers according to transmissibility and
estimates of probable yields of properly constructed and developed
wells are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8. Classification of aquifers according to transmissibility and estimates of
probable yields of properly constructed and developed wells
Transmissibility Rating for Yield (gpm)

(gpd per ft) Irrigation
<25, 000 Questionable. _ <-100

25, 000-50, 000 Poor 100-400
50, 000-100, 000 Fair_ ________ 400-800
100, 000-200, 000 Good.______. 800-2, 000
>200, 000 Excellent-_--_ >2, 000
It is emphasized that adequate local test drilling is necessary to

pinpoint sections of maximum permeability and saturated thickness
and that complete penetration of an aquifer by a well is necessary for
maximum yield and minimum drawdown. If the water table
declines regionally, the saturated thickness will decrease, and, conse-
quently, the coefficient of transmissibility and possibly the yield of
wells will be reduced.
GROUND WATER
OCCURRENCE
The following statement concerning the occurrence of ground water
has been adapted in part from a more detailed discussion of the subject
by Meinzer (1923a, p. 2-102).
The rocks that form the outer crust of the earth generally contain
numerous open spaces or interstices; these interstices hold the water
that is below the surface of the land, a part of which is recovered from
wells and springs. The amount of water that can be stored in any
rock depends upon the volume of the rock that is occupied by open
spaces, that is, the porosity of the rock.
The rate of water movement within the zone of saturation is gov-
erned by the hydraulic gradient and by the type of material through
which the water flows. In general, the larger the minimum diameter
of the interstitial passages and the greater the ratio of void spaces to
solids in a given rock material, the faster water can move through it.
The diameter of the interstitial passages is governed by the size, dis-
tribution, and arrangement of the individual rock particles. A coarse
rounded gravel containing few fine particles or a rock containing large
fractures or solution channels is capable of transmitting large flows
rapidly; conversely, a dense fine-grained material, such as clay or
shale, transmits water very slowly. Thus, poorly sorted alluvial
gravel transmits water readily, whereas well-sorted silt and clay, such
as that of the White River group, transmits water very slowly.
Below a certain level, which in some parts of the basin is as much
as 350 feet below the land surface, the permeable rocks are saturated
with water. Wells dug or drilled into the zone of saturation become
filled with ground water to the level of the water table. Plate 2 is
a map of the Frenchman Creek basin showing the location of wells
inventoried and test holes drilled during this study, the depth to the
water table below the land surface, and contour lines depicting the
configuration of the water table. The areas of equal ranges of depths
to water are generalized because of the unavailability of topographic
maps.
A map (pi. 8) showing the saturated thickness of post-Oligocene
deposits was prepared for most of the basin from the bedrock-contour
and water-table-contour maps (pis. 5, 6) by subtracting the altitude
of the bedrock from the altitude of the water table at township corners
and interpolating the data between township corners.
Rocks above the zone of saturation are said to be in the zone of
aeration. As water from the surface percolates slowly downward
to the zone of saturation, part of it is held in the zone of aeration by
the molecular attraction between the water and the walls of the open
GROUND WATER 65
spaces through which it passes. In fine-grained material a moist

belt, known as the capillary fringe, extends upward from the water
table into the zone of aeration just above the water table. Although
water in the zone of aeration is not available to wells, much of the
water in the zone may be withdrawn by roots of plants and, if the
water table is at shallow depth and the capillary fringe extends to the
land surface, by evaporation from the soil. All the rocks penetrated
by wells in the basin are sedimentary; they include several types which
differ greatly in character and in their ability to store and transmit
water. The principal types are gravel, sand, silt, sandstone, siltstone,
claystone, and shale.
Gravel is superior to most other materials in its ability to yield water.
Coarse clean well-sorted gravel, such as that in a few places in the
alluvium of the lower Frenchman Creek valley and in discontinuous
beds in the Ogallala formation, has high porosity, permeability, and
specific yield ; consequently, it has the ability to absorb water readily,
to store it in large quantities, and to yield it to wells freely. Most
parts of the aquifers underlying the basin, however, contain silt,
clay, or sand mixed with the gravel, thereby reducing the porosity,
permeability, and specific yield.
Sand ranks next to gravel in its capacity to yield water. Although
its total porosity may be greater than gravel, it has smaller interstices
and will yield a smaller proportion of the contained water to wells.
Fine sand particles are easily carried into wells by the moving water
and thus may cause damage to pumps or clog wells. Proper well
construction, screening, and development are, therefore, especially
important where fine sand is the principal constituent of the aquifer.
The silt of the Sanborn formation, the siltstone and claystone of
the White River group, and the Pierre shale are the poorest water-
bearing materials in the basin. Although the porosity may be high
and the materials may contain considerable water, the interstices
between the individual particles are so small that water travels very
slowly and little is available to wells.
Sandstone generally is a moderately good water-bearing material,
but its water-yielding capacity depends upon the size of the grains,
the degree of sorting, the amount of cementation of the sand grains,
and the presence of fractures. A coarse well-sorted weakly cemented
sandstone generally yields water freely. An equally well sorted but
very fine grained sandstone yields water very slowly. A loosely
cemented sandstone having a comparatively large proportion of very
fine constituents, such as most sandstone in the Ogallala formation,
is undesirable as an aquifer because of the tendency of the small
grains to enter the wells and damage pumps.
The bodies of sand and gravel of the Ogallala formation constitute

the major aquifer in the basin, despite the fact that they have some
undesirable characteristics. The Recent alluvium in local areas
yields large quantities of water to wells. The alluvium, however,
underlies only a small part of the basin, whereas the Ogallala formation
underlies most of the area.
THE WATER TABLE
Meinzer (1923b, p. 22) defined the water table as the upper surface
of the zone of saturation except where that surface is formed by an
impermeable body. Within the zone of saturation, the direction in
which the water moves is determined by the hydraulic gradient,
which generally is toward streams, lakes, or other areas where ground
water is discharged. The direction of movement locally may be
reversed, as in the vicinity of a stream that is losing water to the
underlying ground-water reservoir over which it is flowing, or in the
vicinity of an artificial lake in which the water level has been raised
above the local water table (fig. 29).
Intermittent stream Artificial lake Natural lake
Intermittent ground-water Ground-water Ground-water
recharge recharge Swamp discharge
Perennial stream Ground-water
Ground-water discharge
discharge
FIGURE 29. Relation of the water table to the land surface and to bodies of surface water.
The rate at which ground water moves is slow as compared with

the velocity of water in streams. The frictional resistance involved
in movement of ground water through interstices of rocks is far
greater than that involved in surface-water flow. Hydrostatic head
and permeability are the important factors determining the velocity
of ground water. The rate of ground-water movement was computed
to range from about 50 feet per year in the less permeable materials
underlying the northern and western parts of the basin to 1,000 feet
or more per year in the most permeable materials along the alluvial
valleys in the southeastern part of the area. Ground water moves
through the relatively permeable materials across the Colorado-
Nebraska State line at the rate of about 300 feet per year.
If the piezometric surface is above the land surface, water will flow
from wells that penetrate the aquifer, but so long as the water level
GROUND WATER 67
in wells stands above the top of the aquifer in which the water was
confined, the system is considered to be artesian. Water-table con-
ditions dominate in the Frenchman Creek area, but artesian condi-
tions prevail locally, owing to the random arrangement of lenticular
beds such as sand, gravel, caliche, and clay (pi. 2) having a wide
range in permeability. A diagram illustrating lenticular beds and
both artesian and water-table conditions is shown in figure 30. The
water level in well 4, which taps aquifer A, coincides with the water
Piezometric surface
Piezometric surface of aquifer C
of aquifer Q
-.' :«V«»-'.''JL.- 'An.iifar /- "-i," ** '-i^: ' '^ ^Tf :
FIGURE 30. Digram illustrating artesian and water-table conditions.
table, a surface over which the pressure everywhere is atmospheric;

consequently, well 4 is a nonartesian, or water-table, well. The water
level in each of wells 1, 2, and 3 stands abov& the base of the confining
bed overlying the aquifer penetrated, and thus aquifers B and C are
artesian. Area a~a is one of artesian flow, and well 1 is a flowing well.
The lower static level in aquifer B indicates that water is moving
from aquifer A or C into aquifer B through a distant break in con-
fining beds or by the vertical leakage through confining beds shown
by means of vertical arrows. The high head in wells 1 and 2 indicates
that the recharge or intake area of aquifer C is at a relatively high
elevation, probably above the land surface shown in the cross section.
Aquifers such as B and C, which contain confined ground water, are
pressure conduits and exhibit interesting elastic phenomena.
The water table and the piezometric surfaces of local artesian
aquifers in the Frenchman Creek basin stand at approximately the
same elevation throughout the area because of breaks in the confining
beds and vertical leakage through the confining beds, which tend to
68 GROUND-WATEE GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
equalize differences in head. Plate 5 is, therefore, considered to be

a map of the water table, even though it is based in part on water
levels in wells that penetrate water that is confined to some degree.
SHAPE AND 8LOPE OF THE WATER TABLE
The depth to water in 38 selected wells was measured periodically,

during this investigation, and the altitudes of the measuring points
were determined in order to construct a water-table contour map
(pi. 5) and to record fluctuations of the water table. Of these wells,
30 were used for observation only, 4 were irrigation wells, and 4 were
stock wells. Periodic measurement of the water level in some of the
selected wells was begun during 1950 and 1952, but, in Nebraska,
measurement was begun during or before 1946. Measurements of
the depth to water in observation wells are given in table 30.
Water-table contour lines illustrate the inferred configuration of
the water table, just as topographic con tour., lines illustrate the shape
of the land surface. The water table generally is neither level nor
uniform but is an irregularly sloping surface. The general direction
of ground-water movement is at right angles to the contour lines, in
the direction of greatest slope, or hydraulic gradient, of the water
table or piezometric surface; the rate of movement is proportional to
the hydraulic gradient and, if the cross section is uniform, to the per-
meability of the water-bearing material.
The water-table contour map (pi. 5) indicates that ground water
in the Colorado part of the basin moves generally northeastward
and that the slope of the water table and the direction of movement
of ground water differ considerably from place to place. The slope
is at a maximum of nearly 50 feet per mile in the western part, where
the contour lines are closely spaced; it is at a minimum of about 6
feet per mile in the east-central part. The average slope in Colorado
is 16.5 feet per mile.
The water-table contour map indicates that ground water in the
Nebraska part of the basin moves generally southeastward. The
maximum slope is about 20 feet per mile in the southeastern part,
and the minimum is about 7 feet per mile in the northern part. The
average slope of the water table is 15 feet per mile along Frenchman
and Spring Creeks and 13 feet per mile along Stinking Water Creek.
The shape and slope of the water table are controlled by several
factors, including (1) the shape and slope of the underlying bedrock
floor, (2) local differences in the permeability of the water-bearing
materials, (3) discharge of ground water into streams, and (4) recharge
to the ground-water reservoir from surface reservoirs and ephemeral
streams and by infiltration of water through the permeable soils in
the sandhill areas.
GROUND WATER 69
The gradient of the bedrock surface and the permeability of the

materials lying above that surface and below the water table are the
principal factors controlling the configuration of the water table.
Thus, they govern the spacing of contour lines on maps that depict
the water table. If the bedrock surface were perfectly smooth and
of uniform gradient and if the water-bearing beds were of uniform
thickness and permeability, the contour lines on the water table would
be equally spaced. As none of these conditions is true of the basin, the
unequal spacing of the water-table contours (pi. 5) reflects irregularities
of surface and inequalities in gradient of the bedrock and inequalities
of thickness and permeability of the water-bearing beds,.as well as
nonuniform location of recharge and discharge areas and rates of
recharge and discharge. In places where irregularities in the bedrock
surface are not responsible, closely spaced contours on the water
table commonly indicate areas that are underlain by water-bearing
beds of low permeability; conversely, widely spaced contours may
indicate areas that are underlain by beds of greater permeability.
The slope of the water table throughout the basin is approximately
in the same direction and of the same degree as that of the bedrock
floor, which is a surface eroded on rocks of the Pierre shale or the White
River group. The average slope of the water table in the basin is
15.5 feet per mile and that of the bedrock floor is 16.5 feet per mile.
An interesting feature of the water-table contour map and its
relation to the bedrock contour map, other than the rough congruency
of the two maps (pis. 5, 6), is the closed water-table "high" that
coincides with the closed bedrock "high" south of Haxtun, Colo.
This feature is conclusive evidence that recharge in that area is
derived from very local precipitation. Because ground water moves
in all directions away from the highest point, the only possible source
of the water is the infiltration of precipitation on the area overlying
the bedrock "high." Although the fact that the ground-water
reservoir under much of the High Plains is recharged only by local
precipitation is fairly obvious now, much opposition to that theory
has come from various sources in the past.
A ground-water mound or divide extends from near Fleming,
Colo., southeastward to Holyoke, Colo. (See pi. 5.) The divide
is roughly congruent with a bedrock divide (pi. 6), which indicates
that the configuration of the bedrock is a principal factor controlling
the shape and slope of the water table in the Colorado part of the basin.
The ground-water divide continues northeastward to Venango, Nebr.,
and thence southeastward, where it forms the divide between French-
man and Spring Creeks. Another ground-water divide lies between
Spring and Stinking Water Creeks.
Little or no correlation is apparent between ground-water divides

and bedrock "highs" (pi. 6) east and southeast of Venango, Nebr.;
the lack of correlation indicates that the shape and slope of the water
table in this part of the area are controlled principally by the flow
of ground water toward and its discharge into the effluent streams.
Frenchman Creek becomes effluent in a reach fed by seeps and
springs in sec. 29, T. 7 N., R. 41 W., 2.5 to 3 miles east of the
Nebraska-Colorado State line. (See pis. 5, 10.) Of interest in this
respect is a statement by Hay (1895, p. 545): "The Frenchman has
its first water from springs just at the one hundred and second meridian.
East of that it has a perennial flow." Hay's statement indicates that
the point of effluence of Frenchman Creek has remained virtually
the same since 1895. East of the point of effluence, the flood plain
of Frenchman Creek lies below the level of the water table in areas
adjacent to the valley. A depression in the water table in this
vicinity is shown by the upstream flexure of the water-table contour
lines, which indicates that the ground water moves from adjacent
areas toward and into the valley. Spring and Stinking Water Creeks
also are perennial "gaining" streams because they are below the level
of the adjacent water table. The point of effluence of Spring Creek
is near the line common to sees. 19 and 30, T. 8 N., R. 38 W., and that
of Stinking Water Creek is in the NWK sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 36 W.
Sand Creek is effluent only in its lower reaches near its confluence
with Frenchman Creek.
The water-table contour lines just east of Enders Reservoir do not
have an upstream flexure, because the ground-water reservoir is
recharged by seepage from the surface reservoir. Recharge by
downward percolation of storm runoff through the permeable channels
of ephemeral streams also causes temporary straightening of the
water-table contour lines near the streams.
The water table in the sandhill areas lies at a relatively shallow
depth (pis. 1, 5), principally because the permeable surface materials
allow rapid recharge from precipitation; the water table is compara-
tively flat, partly because of the relatively high permeability of the
water-bearing materials. A low water-table gradient in an area where
recharge can be assumed to be substantial generally indicates materials
of high permeability and, consequently, materials capable of yielding
large quantities of water to wells. A steep water-table gradient com-
monly indicates materials of low permeability and, consequently,
materials capable of yielding only small quantities of water to wells.
FLUCTUATIONS OF THE WATER TABL.E
The water table is not a stationary surface, but fluctuates much

like the water surface in a lake or reservoir. Virtual equilibrium,
however, is approached over a long period of time because the amount
GROUND WATER 71
of water added annually to ground-water storage approximately

equals the amount discharged annually. The water table rises when
recharge exceeds discharge and declines when discharge exceeds re-
charge. Significant changes in ground-water levels (table 30) over a
period of time indicate the extent of depletion or replenishment of the
ground-water reservoir. Such fluctuations are natural, but declines
tend to be exaggerated when discharge from wells is superimposed
upon the system, if the reservoir is small and the discharge is great.
The factors controlling the rise of the water table in the basin are
the amount of precipitation on the area that percolates downward
to the water table and the amount of influent seepage that reaches the
ground-water reservoir from surface reservoirs and streams. All
influent seepage from streams in the area, however, depends also on
local precipitation because the streams are not through-flowing.
Likewise, subsurface inflow from the South Platte or Republican River
basins is impossible because bedrock and ground-water divides separate
these basins from the Frenchman Creek basin. (See pis. 5, 6.)
Several factors complicate the relation between the amount of
precipitation and the position of the water table, as indicated by the
level at which the water stands in wells. The soil moisture becomes
depleted by evaporation and transpiration during prolonged drought
and must be replenished to field capacity from subsequent precipitation
before any water can percolate downward to the water table. When
the ground is frozen, downward percolation of precipitation is inhibited
to the extent that very little, if any, of it reaches the water table;
during the summer, some of the rain is lost directly into the air by
evaporation as it falls and by evaporation from the land surface and
from foliage.
The factors controlling decline of the water table in the area are the
amount of water drawn from the ground-water reservoir by transpi-
ration and evaporation, the amount discharged into streams and
through springs and seeps, the amount pumped by wells, and the
amount of subsurface outflow to adjacent areas.
Major fluctuations of ground-water levels thus are related primarily
to recharge and discharge. The fluctuations caused by precipitation
are treated in the section on recharge; fluctuations caused by transpi-
ration and evaporation, effluent seepage, and pumping from wells
are treated in the section on discharge. Fluctuations of the water
table caused by these principal factors have trends that are measured
in periods of months or years. The water table fluctuates within
fairly definite limits, however, almost daily and even shorter intervals
of time on occasion. These minor fluctuations are caused largely by
changes in atmospheric pressure or, locally, by evapotranspiration.
Wenzel and Waite (1941, p. 43-45) discussed fluctuations of ground-

water levels caused by changes in atmospheric pressure as follows:
Where relatively impermeable layers, such as caliche [or clay] beds, occur between
the land surface and the water table, the transmission of changes in atmospheric
pressure through the ground to the water table may be greatly impeded. How-
ever, changes in air pressure usually may be transmitted directly down to the water
level inside the well casing, and thus a differential pressure sometimes is created
between the water inside and outside of the well casing that forces water either out
of or into the well. When the atmospheric pressure decreases the water level in
the well rises, and, conversely, when the atmospheric pressure increases the water
level in the well declines. The water table outside of the well may, however,
remain practically stationary while these fluctuations are occurring in the well.
Land B
surface
"Sand .'.
- Coliche'
rîr-or~---~
EZÊZ. Qiox _._=
Sand and
'e^-.-«*
.» -,
grovel ;
After Wenzel and Woite (1941, p.44)

FIGURE 31. Diagram of wells explaining effect of changes in atmospheric pressure. Changes in at-
mospheric pressure cause fluctuation of water level in well A. Changes in atmospheric pressure
cause "blowing" and "sucking" behavior in well B.
GROUND WATER 73
* * * there is a close correlation between the fluctuations in barometric pressure

and the fluctuations in water level. * * *
Where there is an impermeable layer at some distance above the water table
and where the well casing is perforated only below the water table [well A, fig.
31], the atmospheric pressure acts on the water level in the well, and the water
level may fluctuate with changes in barometric pressure much as it would if all
the material below the impermeable layer were filled with artesian water. How-
ever, if perforations occur between the water table and the impermeable layer
[well B, fig. 31], air may be forced through the well into the interstices of the
unsaturated material below the impermeable layer [and above the water table]
when the atmospheric pressure increases, and out through the well when the at-
mospheric pressure decreases. This may cause an appreciable movement of air
into or out of the well at its top, which in some wells is of sufficient velocity to
cause a whistling or roaring sound. The water level in such wells fluctuates
only slightly, if at all, in response to changes in atmospheric pressure. Locally
these wells are known as "blowing" and "sucking" wells, and because major
changes in atmospheric pressure usually are followed by changes of weather, the
wells occasionally are used to predict the weather.
Water-level fluctuations in some wells in Colorado are shown in fig-
ure 32, and those in some wells in Nebraska are shown in figure 33.
The hydrographs indicate that the water table fluctuates less where it
lies at depth than where it lies comparatively close to the land surface.
The annual recharge and discharge are equivalent to only a small
percentage of the amount of water in storage in the aquifers of the
Frenchman Creek basin; therefore, a period of several years of above-
or below-normal precipitation is required to effect a substantial
increase or decrease in total storage.
RECHARGE
Recharge in the Frenchman Creek basin is derived principally from
local precipitation and from seepage from canals and ditches, irrigated
fields, reservoirs, undrained topographic depressions, and streams.
If recharge exceeds discharge during a given period, ground-water
storage increases, causing a corresponding rise of the water table.
PRECIPITATION
All ground-water recharge in the basin is derived directly or in-

directly from precipitation, which ranges (pi. 4) from about 18 inches
annually at Fleming, Colo., to about 21 inches annually at Palisade,
Nebr., and averages about 19% inches for the entire basin. Part of
the precipitation runs off through surface channels, part is evaporated,
part is transpired by plants, and part percolates into the soil. When
the amount of water absorbed by the soil becomes greater than the
amount that can be held by capillary forces against the pull of
gravity, the remainder, about 220,000 -acre-feet annually, moves
downward to the zone of saturation and then flows slowly toward
points of discharge. The belt of soil moisture usually is largely de-
pleted by the end of the growing season, owing to the removal of
655012 O - 63 - 6
179
Sedgwick County
10-42-32ccd
Washington County
3-49-16ddd
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
FIGURE 32. Hydrographs for wells in Colorado and monthly precipitation at Halyoke, Colo.
PRECIPITATION, DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET
IN INCHES BELOW LAND SURFACE
much of the water by evaporation and transpiration. This moisture

deficiency must be satisfied before recharge is possible.
The amount of precipitation that reaches the ground-water reservoir
depends on several factors, which include (1) the amount and dis-
tribution of precipitation, (2) the composition and physical character
of the soil and underlying materials, (3) the amount and type of
vegetation, and (4) the shape and slope of the land surface.
The distribution of rainfall is important perhaps more important
than the amount of precipitation during the year. Much of the pre-
cipitation in the basin accompanies summer thundershowers that are
restricted to an area of a few square miles. The thundershowers are
characterized by a high rate of precipitation and do not last long;
therefore, much of the precipitation runs off.
Permeable materials, such as dune sand or sandy soil, absorb water
more readily than less permeable materials, such as soils derived from
loess, silt, clay, or shale. About one-third of the basin is mantled with
dune sand, which promotes infiltration and inhibits direct runoff.
(See pi. 1.)
SEEPAGE PROM RESERVOIRS, CANALS,^ AND IRRIGATION
Five reservoirs, all in the Nebraska part of the basin, have been
constructed on Frenchman Creek. The largest is Enders Reservoir,
which has a storage capacity of 75,000 acre-feet. The reservoirs and
the canals that carry water from the smaller reservoirs to irrigated
lands leak appreciably at times. The water-table contour lines in
the vicinity of Enders Dam indicate considerable leakage to the
ground-water reservoir from Enders Reservoir. Water from Enders
Reservoir flows downstream in Frenchman Creek. The first water
rights to the flow of Frenchman Creek upstream from Palisade, Nebr.,
belong to an irrigation district east of the area treated in this report;
therefore, only a relatively small amount of surface water is available
for irrigation from Arterburn Lake and from Kilpatrick and Enders
Reservoirs within the basin. Some irrigators along the stream valleys
use water from wells to supplement canal water.
The amount of recharge from canals and from irrigation with sur-
face water is small in comparison with recharge from other sources.
The greatest contribution to recharge of the ground-water reservoir
from canal seepage and return flow from irrigation is concentrated in
the vicinity .of Palisade, Nebr. When water is directed from the
stream into canals, leakage causes the water table to rise locally.
Pumping of irrigation wells that tap the alluvium also causes a local
decline in the water table. These fluctuations of the water table are
illustrated in the hydrograph of well 5-33-31 deb (fig. 33), where the
well-defined extremes of fluctuation coincide with pumping or with
surface-water irrigation.
GROUND WATER 77
Not all water used for irrigation is consumed by plants. The

water that is not transpired or evaporated passes downward through
the belt of soil moisture and reaches the zone of saturation. The
amount of return flow probably is insignificant, however, except in
areas of shallow water table that are underlain by very permeable
materials.
TOPOQRAPHIC DEPRESSIONS
The numerous undrained depressions in the surface of the High

Plains undoubtedly are factors in the disposition of rainfall and in
recharge to the groun<}7water reservoir. The quantitative effect of
recharge from these depressions, which differ considerably in size,
shape, and depth, is difficult to determine accurately. Some of the
depressions have relatively impervious floors and remain filled with
water for considerable periods of time after heavy rains, slowly losing
most of their water to the atmosphere by evaporation. Others,
whose floors are relatively free of fine silt and clay, lose water rapidly
by downward percolation.
STREAMS
Intermittent streams, which include all streams in the Colorado

part of the basin and many in the Nebraska part, lie above the water
table and lose water to the ground-water reservoir during periods of
flow; they are influent, commonly called "losing," streams (fig. 4).
The sandy beds of the intermittent streams are dry most of the time,
but during periods of heavy rainfall they carry large quantities of
water for short periods, some of which percolates downward to the
water table. The amount of water that percolates downward to the
water table depends on the rate and duration of the runoff, the amount
and type of sediment carried, and the permeability and gradient of
the streambed. Many intermittent streams drain into the areas of
dune sand, where the water is absorbed and contributes to recharge.
(See pi. 1, sec. 26, T. 4 N., R. 46 W.)
Frenchman, Stinking Water, and Spring Creeks are intermittent
influent streams upstream from their points of effluence (pis. 2, 10).
Downstream from their points of effluence the streams sometimes
contribute water to the ground-water reservoir during periods of high
flow. Much of the water, however, is stored only temporarily in
the beds of sand and gravel that flank the stream and drains back
into the stream soon after the flood flow has passed and before the
temporarily raised water table declines below the streambed. Tem-
porary storage of this type is termed "bank storage" and is a common
phenomenon along streams and reservoirs where water levels fluc-
tuate widely; of course, water also moves into and out of bank storage
along effluent streams.
Downstream from the points of effluence of streams the normal move-

ment of ground water in the basin is from the Ogallala formation
into the alluvium and, thence, into the streams. When a well near a
stream is pumped heavily, however, the direction of flow may be re-
versed locally and water may move from the stream toward the well.
In this way, the stream becomes a source of recharge to the ground-
water reservoir. This subject has been discussed by Ferris (1948),
R. H. Brown (1953), and others. The effect of a recharging stream
on the drawdown of a pumped well is shown in figure 34. The plot
of the drawdown for about the first 50 minutes of pumping is a straight
line, indicating that the water was being withdrawn from storage;
after 50 minutes, recharge to the aquifer from the stream becomes
apparent as the drawdown curve flattens, indicating a decrease in
the rate of drawdown. The effect of pumping water from wells in
the vicinity of streams in the basin is treated in the section on pro-
spective depletion of streamflow by pump irrigation.
1 !
>
24
LJ
^ 26 -\
Z ^
:
\1 1
| 28
^
^ NI
4
:
^
g30
II 7- 2640
^^J
kjP-~J J^ '^~-~zr
i_
^c Data curv i
<n As -
32
As=3 .Oft
0-1440 gp
^,
1 ^
r= 264x144Q_ 13 D.C 0(
3.0
g Pd per ft
Theoretics
L>
straight-lit ic cur ^
s
-V
34 i
1 0 10 100 10(
/=TIME, IN MINUTES, SINCE PUMPING STARTED
FIGURE 34. Effect of recharge from a stream on the drawdown of a pumped well.
DISCHARGE
Ground-water discharge is the withdrawal or loss of water from the
ground-water reservoir. Water is discharged from the basin by
transpiration, evaporation, streams, springs, seeps, wells, and sub-
surface outflow. Under natural conditions in any area, recharge
and discharge tend to equalize over a period of years, and the amount
of ground water in storage remains virtually the same. If discharge
exceeds recharge during a given period, storage decreases, and the
decrease is indicated by a decline of the water table.
GROUND WATER 79
TRANSPIRATION AND EVAPORATION
Much of the water that is taken into the roots of plants, directly
from the zone of saturation or from the capillary fringe above it, is
transpired from leaf surfaces. The depths from which plants lift
water differ greatly with the plant species, the type of soil, and the
availability of water. Meinzer (1923b, p. 48) states that certain
kinds of plants lift water from depths as great as 50 feet. The water
table generally fluctuates in response to transpiration of plants only
in areas where the water table is relatively near the land surface.
In the basin, plants in the stream valleys and in the sandhills, where
the water table is near the surface, transpire ground water extensively
during the growing season, and the water table declines. The decline
of the water level in wells 3-42-4ccc (fig. 32) and 7-41-32abb (fig.
33) during the growing season was caused principally by transpira-
tion and evaporation. The depth to the water table in most parts
of the basin is so great that no water is transpired or evaporated
from the zone of saturation or the capillary fringe.
Figure 35 is a much generalized index, adapted from Meyer (1928)
in accordance with data in table 9, to monthly mean transpiration as
related to monthly mean air temperature and season. Air temper-
ature is a major factor in determining transpiration rates, but several
other factors also contribute; some of these are species of plants, air
movement, depth to water, and hours of sunshine. Plant activity
virtually ceases below a temperature of about 40 °F. The transpira-
tion rate is relatively fast in spring and slow in fall, when the plants
become dormant. Plants in their normal habitat are good indicators
of available soil moisture. In the basin, and generally in arid and semi-
arid regions, a dense growth of trees generally indicates areas of effluent
perennial streams or areas where the water table consistently is at
shallow depth.
The American Society of Civil Engineers (1949, p. 135) in discuss-
ing quantitative transpiration data stated in part:
Cattails, tules, and other aquatic plants use several feet of water a year.
Of the upland plants, alfalfa and clover normally use from 12 in to 18 in a year.
Corn, millet, and potatoes use less than half as much. Small grains normally
use from 10 in to 15 in. * * * In dry climates, native vegetation feeding on
ground water [such as that growing on the flood plain of Frenchman Creek] uses
several feet a year. The water used by trees and brush growing on the river
bottoms and in the broad flat high water stream beds constitutes a serious draft
on ground water that definitely reduces the flow of streams.
Although the amounts of water transpired by plants vary from
place to place and in accordance with several variable factors, the
writers believe that the figures cited above generally are applicable
in the basin.
MARCH TO JU LY AUG JST TO SEPTEMBER^
A
'\
y k
*
,,0
01-
rvj
IIN
TNMONTHL
RCHES
ANSPIRAYTION,
\
/
^
/
\
^
/ \
/
/ \\
/
K) 50
/IONTHLY
60
MEAN AIR
70 80 80 70 60
TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
V
50 4
Adopted from Meyer (1928, p. 459)
FIGURE 35. Base curve of transpiration.
Ground water is evaporated directly from the soil mostly in low,

flat areas adjacent to streams and in areas near reservoirs, lakes, and
canals. A chart (fig. 36) based on conditions in the upper Midwest
(Meyer, 1928) has been used in estimating water losses by evaporation
from land areas in other parts of the United States. This graph takes
into account the monthly mean temperature, the monthly precipita-
tion, and the season of the year; for a given area, consideration of the
season automatically requires consideration of the hours of sunshine
and the mean monthly humidity. Coefficients should be applied
when the graph is used for other regions. The coefficient normally
used ranges from 0.6 for very sandy areas, which permit substantially
full infiltration of precipitation, to about 1.2 for areas of flat topog-
raphy, retentive soil, and low humidity (Meyer, 1928, p. 455-^58). A
coefficient of 1.0 was used in calculations of evaporation losses from
the land surface in the basin. The prevalence, of sandy soils, which
AUGUST TO DECEMBER
20 40 60 80 80 60 40 20
MONTHLY MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
Adopted from Meyer (1928, p. 455)
FIGURE 36. Evaporation rate from land areas at various temperatures and rates of rainfall.
00
should reduce the coefficient to less than 1.0, is considered by the

writers to be offset by the low average humidity, which should in-
crease the coefficient to more than 1.0.
An estimate of the amount of ground water consumed by evapora-
tion and transpiration in areas of shallow water table within the basin
is shown in tables 9 and 10. Although the estimate (item 4) of 26.2
inches per year for the consumptive use of water by evaporation and
transpiration is only approximate, it is reasonably close to 23.8 inches-
per year, which was computed for the North Platte valley by Lowry
and Johnson (1942, p. 1259).
TABLE 9. Climatologic data
1 2 3 4 5 6
Stream valleys
Imperial, Nebr. and sandhill areas
of shallow water Transpiration
table by plants, Evaporation
Month estimated and transpiration
(inches) (inches) (4+5)
Normal tem- Normal rain- Evaporation
perature (° F) fall (inches) from soil, estima-
ted (inches)
January 27 0. 46 0.6 0. 0 0. 6
February _ 30 . 62 . 6 . 0 . 6
March. 38 1. 16 . 7 . 0 . 7
April _ 49 2. 29 1. 1 . 8 1. 9
May - 59 3. 14 1. 6 1.7 3. 3
69 3. 60 2. 0 2. 4 4. 4
July____-___- 76 2. 74 1. 8 2.9 4. 7
August _ _ 74 2. 52 1. 7 2. 6 4. 3
September.. __ 66 1. 64 1. 1 1. 9 3. 0
October 51 1. 28 . 8 . 7 1. 5
November..-- 38 . 60 . 6 . 0 . 6
December-.. __ 28 . 68 . 6 . 0 . 6
TABLE 10. Summary of climatologic and ground-water data

1. Normal annual rainfall at Imperial, Nebr___.-__---_-_-__--___inches__ 20.73
2. Evaporation from soil_._--._-___________-_.___-_-__.__-__._do___- 13.2
3. Transpiration by plants...._________..._________.___._do_-_- 13.0
4. Evaporation + transpiration...__________________________..do_. 26.2
5. Recharge to ground-w ater reservoir, estimated. _______._____-_-_.. _ do. _ _ _ 1.0
6. Precipitation available for transpiration and evaporation (1 5)_-__do____ 19.7
7. Ground water consumed by evaporation and transpiration (4 6)__do_._- 6.5
8. Area:
Sandhills:
Colorado.________________________________________________.acres__ 27,500
Nebraska _________________________________________________dO-_._ 19,200
Stream valleys, Nebraska.......________________.-____--do___- 16,800
9. Total area.,_____________________________________._________--do___- 63,500
10. Ground water consumed by evaporation and transpiration, estimated
acre-feet.. 34,400
GROUND WATE.K. 83
STREAMS, SPRINGS. AND SEEPS
The basin includes many springs, seeps, and marshes in the valleys
of effluent streams. Gravity springs and seeps issue from the Ogallala
formation and alluvium, and the effluent streams act largely as drains
where the water table intersects the land surface. Water from a
gravity spring seeps from permeable materials or flows from larger
openings in rocks under the force of gravity, much as a stream flows
downgrade. Low areas in the sandhills become ephemeral depression
springs or water-table lakes during times of high ground-water levels.
Small perennial lakes and marshy ponds, which also are fairly common
in the sandhill areas, merely are extensions of the water table where
it intersects the land surface. The lakes and ponds provide water
for some livestock and shelter to wildfowl, but the consumption of
water by evapotranspiration is great.
The flow of Frenchman, Spring, and Stinking Water Creeks is
maintained downstream from their points of effluence by ground-
water discharge through springs and seeps along and in the stream
channels. The steady rate of ground-water discharge is shown by
hydrographs in figure 37. The minor fluctuations in the flow of
Frenchman Creek are caused by opening and closing the gates of
small reservoirs that furnish power for a grain mill and a hydro-
electric plant on the stream. Major fluctuations are caused by
runoff from precipitation. Annual records of flow in these streams
are published in Geological Survey water-supply papers.
On October 23, 1952, 18 streamflow measurements were made
of Frenchman Creek, 4 of Spring Creek, and 6 of Stinking Water
Creek, to determine the ground-water discharge into these streams.
A few check measurements were made on October 24, 1953, at or
near some of the points where measurements were made on October
23 (pi. 10; figs. 40-42). The streamflow measurements represent
ground-water discharge alone, because they were made after hard
frosts, so that transpiration and evaporation were at a minimum,
and because there had been no precipitation on the area for several
weeks. The average rate of increase of streamflow upstream from
Enders Reservoir was 2.5 cfs (cubic feet per second) per mile, and that
downstream from Enders Reservoir was 0.7 cfs per mile. The increase
in flow is greatest in a reach of the stream that is bordered on the
south by sandhills. The average rate of increase in the flow of
Spring and Stinking Water Creeks was 0.6 cfs per mile. The rates
of ground-water discharge were computed to be as follows: 79 cfs,
or about 57,000 acre-feet per year, into Frenchman Creek upstream
from Enders Reservoir; 105 cfs, or 76,000 acre-feet per year, into
Frenchman Creek upstream from Palisade, Nebr., and 30 cfs, or
22,000 acre-feet per year, into Stinking Water Creek upstream
October November December January February March April May June July August September
FIGURE 37. Hydrographs for Frenchman Creek at points near Hamlet, Enders, Imperial, and Champion, Nebr., and for Stinking Water Creek near Wauneta,
Nebr.; graph of daily precipitation at Imperial, Nebr., from October 1,1947, to September 30,1948.
GROUND WATEIR 85
from Palisade. The total ground-water discharge into the streams
upstream from Palisade is about 100,000 acre-feet per year, on the
basis of measurements made. Obviously, spot measurements made
on a single day are not necessarily representative of ground-water
discharge throughout the year, but the writers believe that results
obtained are in the right order of magnitude.
WEIXS
Most of the wells in the Frenchman Creek basin are drilled, range
in diameter from 4 to 18 inches, and are cased with steel pipe. A
few driven wells ranging from 1 to 2 inches in diameter have been
installed for stock and domestic use at places where the water table
is near the land surface.
A total of 776 wells were inventoried in order to estimate the total
use of ground water in the basin and to define the position and slope
of the water table. Of this number, 98 were drilled for irrigation;
2 were used for railroad supplies; 19 were used for public supplies;
268 were abandoned; 359 of relatively small discharge were used for
domestic, stock, and other supplies; and 30 were used only for water-
level observation. Detailed records of the wells are given in table 29
on pages 424-457 and a summary of the wells by type of use is given
in table 11.
Most of the water pumped from wells in the basin is used for irri-
gation, although only a small percentage of the wells are used for
this purpose. The water pumped for municipal, domestic, stock, and
industrial uses, however, is important to the economy of the area.
Some water is discharged by artesian pressure from three flowing
TABLE 11. Distribution of wells according to intended use
State and county
Use Colorado Nebraska Total
Logan Phil- Sedg- Wash- Yuma Chase Dundy Hayes Hitch- Perk-
lips wick ington cock ins
1 12 2 0 4 49 1 11 3 15 98
Public supply ...... 3 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 2 5 19
Water-level obser-
vation only....... 2 4 2 0 3 11 0 7 0 1 30
Domestic, stock,
railroad, and
48 49 21 18 56 87 25 17 5 35 361
26 57 18 13 34 66 5 9 3 37 268
Total inventoried- 80 126 43 31 97 218 31 44 13 93 776
Total in which
water level was
78 119 40 31 95 209 31 42 11 84 740
Total at which
altitudes were
established by
spirit leveling.. 77 122 40 31 95 204 31 42 13 89 744
wells. Irrigation and municipal wells are drilled, developed, and

equipped for large production; some are capable of yielding as much
as 2,500 gpm. The amount of water pumped from these wells of
large capacity in the area has increased considerably since 1946 and
will continue to increase as more farmers change from dryland farm-
ing to a combination of dryland farming and irrigation with water
pumped from wells.
The yields of domestic and stock wells are relatively small, ranging
from about 1 to 10 gpm. Several industrial wells were drilled along
the railroad right-of-way by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad Co. to supply water for steam engines. These wells yield
10 to 75 gpm, however, they have been pumped very little in recent
years because the railroads have been converting from steam to
diesel engines.
DOMESTIC AND STOCK WELLS
Most of the residents of rural areas and small towns obtain their
supplies of domestic and stock water from small-diameter drilled
wells equipped with cylinder pumps operated by electric motor,
gasoline engine, hand, or windmill. Some domestic wells are equipped
with jet pumps or small submersible turbines that pump water into
pressure systems. Most of the domestic and stock wells penetrate
alluvium, dune sand, or the Ogallala formation. An estimate of the
amount of water pumped daily from domestic and stock wells in
Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr., is given in table 12.
TABLE 12. Estimate of water pumped daily from domestic and stock wells in
Phillips County, Colo., and Chase County, Nebr.
Individual Population Total pump-

requirements ' or number 2 age 2 (gpd)
(gpd)
Domestic use (not including towns having

immicipal supplies) _ ______ 35 3 5, 100 180, 000
Cattle. ----------_--_-_-_--_________-___ 15 48, 800 730, 000
Hogs... _______ _____ __________________ 2 15, 100 30,000
Horses and mules _ ______ 10 1,000 10, 000
Poultry- --------_-_--___-_____-_____--__ 1/25 96, 400 4,000
Sheep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iu 3,400 5,000
Total___________________ __ ______ 960, 000
1 Data from Anderson (1951, p. 38).

2 Figures rounded.
31950; all others, 1952.
Most domestic and stock wells penetrate the water-bearing for-

mation only deep enough to obtain the needed supply. For this
reason and because logs of such wells generally are not available, no
attempt was made to inventory all the domestic and stock wells in the
basin. About 300 domestic and stock wells were inventoried, how-
GROUND WATEIB 87
ever, in areas of few or no irrigation wells where information was

needed to determine the position of the water table or the boundaries
of the ground-water reservoir.
MUNICIPAL WELLS
Nine municipalities in the basin have public water supplies, all of

which are obtained from wells. The average daily consumption of
the 9 communities aggregates about 950,000 gallons. Yields of
individual wells are reported except that for well 10-37-9cad, Madrid,
Nebr., which was measured. The wells that supply Palisade and
Wauneta, Nebr., tap alluvial sand and gravel in the Frenchman
Creek valley; the Ogallala formation is tapped by all other municipal
wells. All the municipal water-supply systems pump water directly
into the water mains, although some also pump part of the supply
directly into storage facilities. A summary of the municipal water
supplies is given in table 13.
Many of the smaller towns in the basin do not have public water-
supply systems. These towns are supplied from privately owned
wells, each home or enterprise generally having its own well. The
wells usually were drilled by cable-tool or standard hydraulic-rotary
methods and cased with perforated steel casing. Some of these wells
are equipped with hand, gasoline, or electrically powered cylinder
pumps and some those connected to pressure systems are equipped
with electrically driven cylinder, jet, or submersible turbine pumps.
TABLE 13. Summary of municipal water supplies
[Type of pump: Cy, cylinder; T, turbine; Ts, submersible turbine. All pumps electrically powered]
Storage facilities Static

Esti- water
State and mated Depth level Yield Type
municipality consump- Well of well (feet fePm) of
Type Capacity tion (gpd) (ft) below pump
(gal) land
surface)
Colorado:
( 8-49- 9ada 200 125 22 T
Fleming Elevated tank ..... 50,000 30,000 \ i 8-49- 9adc 165 86 12 Cy
1 8-49-lObbb 200 50 T
Haxtun .... .do..... ... .... . 125,000 /I 8-47-21ccc 233 150 565 T
8-47-29aad 225 500 T
223 T
Holyoke . .do..... ... ..... 85,000 200,000 /I 7-44- 7ddd
7-44-17bcc 265
129
139
500
625 T
Nebraska: T
Grant Standpipe ......... 80,000 150,000 /I 10-39-13bbd
10-39-14aac
185
225
155
155
375
675 T
6-38- 4bca 100 80 200 Ts
Imperial- Elevated tank 40,000 200,000 6-38- 5add 290 80 500 Ts
6-38- 5dab 312 90 690 Ts
Madrid - - Standpipe ......... 57,000 40,000 2 10-37- 9bdd 100 75 Cy
10-37- 9cad 267 102 200 T
Palisade 2 underground J 283,000
I 4-34-
75, 000 \ 4-34- lacblabb 100 22 300 T
reservoirs 100 23 500 T
Venango . Elevated tank..... 55,000 30,000 9-41- 7dbb 233 160 180 T
Wauneta. 3 underground } 440,000 100,000 /\ 2 5-36-1
5-36-1 lacb 65 14 350 T
reservoirs. Idbb 85 22 650 T
1 Used only during summer.

1 Used only for emergencies.
The principal towns in the Colorado part of the area that do not
have public water-supply systems are Amherst and Paoli. Wells in
these towns tap the Ogallala formation. The principal towns in the
Nebraska part that do not have public water-supply systems are
Enders and Lamar, where privately owned wells tap the Ogallala
formation, and Champion and Hamlet, where the private wells tap
alluvial sand and gravel in the Frenchman Creek valley.
The water pumped from privately owned wells in the towns not
having publicly owned water-supply systems is included in table 12
in the estimate of water used domestically.
INDUSTRIAL WELLS
Only very small amounts of water are used by industry in the

basin, and these supplies were not estimated. Industries requiring
water generally are supplied by municipalities. Trains now are
powered largely by diesel engines, and most of the railroad wells have
been abandoned or ceded to local municipalities. The Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., however, owns and operates two
wells, which are used principally for filling locomotive boilers, at
Wauneta, Nebr. These wells tap the alluvium and pump an average
of 80,000 gallons per month.
IRRIGATION WELLS
The first shallow irrigation well (7-39-33cca) in the area was a dug
well, 48 inches in diameter and 22 feet deep, constructed in 1913 in
the Sand Creek valley north of Champion, Nebr. The first deep
irrigation well (8-47-16ccc) also was a dug well, 48 inches in diameter
in the upper 170 feet and smaller in diameter from 170 to 200 feet,
constructed in 1918 near Haxtun, Colo.
No additional wells were constructed from 1919 to 1934. From
1934 to 1954, irrigation-well construction increased steadily. The
cumulative increase in irrigation wells constructed in the area from
1910 through 1953, based on reported dates of construction, is shown
graphically in figure 38. The irrigation wells are more numerous
between Holyoke, Colo., and Imperial, Nebr.; along the Frenchman
Creek valley between Hamlet and Palisade, Nebr.; along Stinking
Water Creek valley; and west of Grant, Nebr.
Most of the irrigation wells in the basin are equipped with deep-
well turbine pumps, but a few older wells, in places in the Frenchman
Creek valley where the depth to water is not more than about 25
feet, are equipped with horizontal centrifugal pumps. Two flowing
wells are used for irrigation. The power units for the pumped wells
are electric motors or internal-combustion engines. The percentage
of wells having power of each type is given in table 14.
CUMULATIVE_TOTAL
IM £ <J> OD o f5 £ o CD
10 r
O O O O O _Q_.. _ O O O
TABLE 14. Type of power used to operate irrigation pumps

Type of power Number Percent
of wells
Diesel engine 31 33
Electric motor 1 _ 24 25
Gasoline engine 15 16
Propane engine 11 12
Tractor-fuel engine ______ 13 14
Total. __________________________________________ 94 100
i Range principally from 25 to 40 hp; a 75-hp motor is used on well 10-39-17abd.
As reported by the irrigators, the acreage of land in the basin that

was irrigated with water from wells during 1953 is given in table 15.
Two wells that previously had been used for irrigation were not in
use during 1953.
The amount of water pumped annually from each electrically
powered well, from 1949 to 1953, inclusive, was estimated by dividing
the annual amount of electric power used by the average amount of
power required to pump an acre-foot of water. The average amount of
power required to pump an acre-foot of water in the area supplied by
the Highline Electric Association is about 143 kilowatthours. The
total ground water pumped for irrigation in the basin was estimated by
(1) assuming that the average amount of water (acre-feet per acre)
pumped by an electrically powered plant is equal to that pumped by a
nonelectrically powered plant and (2) by determining the average
TABLE 15. Reported number of acres irrigated with water from wells and average
number of acres irrigated per well in 1953
Average
State and county Acres Number number of
irrigated of wells acres per
well
Colorado :
15 1 15
Phillips. _------__ ___________________ _ _ 1,202 12 100
Sedgwick, _______ _ ___ 350 2 175
0 0 0
Yuma ________ 420 4 105
Total___.______________ ________________ 1,987 19
Nebraska:
Chase- _ _ _ _____ _ ____ 4,955 48 103
Dundy __________ ____ ___ _ ___ 140 1 140
801 10 80
Hitchcock _ _______ 390 3 130
Perkins _ ____ _ _____ 1,385 15 92
Total_________ _____ ___________________ 7,671 77
9,658 96 100
GROUND WATEiR 91
number of acre-feet per acre pumped by electric power and extrap-

olating that amount to include all land under irrigation with water
pumped from wells.
The total quantity of water pumped for irrigation in the basin for
each year from 1949 to 1953, inclusive, was calculated from power data
supplied for 24 pumping plants by the Highline Electric Association,
the Southwest Electric Membership Corp., and the Midwest Electric
Membership Corp., and from rates of pump discharge measured during
the investigation. Measured discharges from turbine pumps ranged
from 300 to 2,400 gpm.
The power input of some pumping plants was measured by timing
the rotating disk in the watthour meter with a stopwatch and applying
the equation
v Z.GRxKh
j\.w= -
i l
in which
Kw= power input, in kilowatts per hour;
Kh= constant for each watthour meter (generally stamped on the
name plate of the instrument) giving the number of watt-
hours represented by one revolution of the rotating disc in
the meter;
and
£=time in seconds, required for the rotating disc to make R
revolutions.
The kilowatthour consumption for each pumping plant was obtained
from the electric companies, and the total hours of pumping was cal-
culated for each plant by using the equation
Kwhr
H-~~T7-
Kw
in which
ff=hours pumped,
and
-Kw/w=kilowatthours consumed during the year.
The quantity of water pumped from irrigation wells for which power
consumption and pump-discharge data were available was computed
by using the equation
A= HQ
5,430
in which
yl=water pumped from well during year, in acre-feet;
H= hours pumped;
and
Q=pump discharge, in gallons per minute, as measured or re-
ported.
The annual average amount of water pumped per acre was determined
by dividing the quantity pumped each year by the number of acres
irrigated that year. The results of the computations, extrapolated to
include all the land reported to be under pump irrigation, are given in
table 16.
TABLE 16. Quantity l of water pumped from irrigation wells in the basin
Average Total
Number Water Land quantity of Total land quantity of
Year of wells pumped irrigated water applied irrigated water
(acre-ft) (acres) (acre-ft per (acres) pumped
acre) (acre-ft)
1949____________ 5 505 498 1. 01 4,605 4,600

1950____________ 6 1,097 578 1 QO 5,291 10, 000
1951-___-_-____- 8 682 943 . 72 6,959 5,000
1952____________ 10 2,417 1,078 2. 24 8, 556 19, 000
1953__._________ 17 3, 516 1,813 1. 94 9,658 19, 000
1 Estimated.
Most of the data given in table 16 are only approximate. The

reported acreages may be more or less than those actually irrigated;
some crops consume more water than others; and sandy soils require
larger applications of water than heavier soils.
The cost of pumping water from irrigation wells depends upon
both operating and fixed costs. Operating costs consist of fuel or
electric power, lubricating oil, and repairs and maintenance; the
costs are affected by overall plant efficiency, total pumping lift, cost
of fuel or electricity, and cost of maintenance. Fixed costs consist
of interest on the investment, depreciation, taxes, and insurance.
Fixed costs per acre-foot of water pumped decrease as the number of
acre-feet pumped per year increases because fixed costs accrue regard-
less of the length of time the plant is operated. The only costs
determined in the field were the power costs.
The Highline Electric Association furnishes electricity for irrigation
by either of two contracts. The applicant may pay a service charge
of $7.50 per horsepower per season plus 1.5 cents per kilowatthour
for all energy used each month; or he may pay a minimum seasonal
charge of $7.50 per horsepower, which is applied as a credit on charges
for electricity used during the season at the following rates:
Cost per kilowatts
Electrical energy used per horsepower
(kilou<iatts per horsepower per season) (cents)
First 150_ . _________ 5.0
150_. __________ 3.0
Third 150_. ._____ _ 2.0
Second 450_. ._______._ 1.5
More than 900_. ..________ 1.2
GROUND WATER 93
The amount of power required to lift 1 acre-foot of water a distance

of 1 foot, the cost of electric power and service required to lift 1 acre-
foot of water a distance of 1 foot, and the efficiency of pumps were
computed for 12 wells from power-cost data furnished by the Highline
Electric Association and from field data. The results of these com-
putations are shown in table 17. A comparison of the cost of pumping
ground water by the different types of power used in the basin is
given in table 18.
The average power consumed per acre-foot pumped per foot of
lift during the 1953 irrigation season was 1.77 kilowatthours; the
average lift was 81 feet; and the operating cost of pumping an acre-foot
of water per foot of lift, including service charge, was 8 cents for a
well that pumped 22 acre-feet and 3.5 cents for a well that pumped
325 acre-feet. The lower unit costs were attained by the consumption
of greater amounts of power during a comparatively short growing
season.
SUBSURFACE OUTFLOW
The water-table contour lines (pi. 5) indicate that ground water

percolates out of the basin in, the following places: (1) eastward
through the Ogallala formatiqnX across a section extending from
Palisade, Nebr., southward for 7 miles (D-C, pis. 5, 7); (2) southeast-
ward through the Pleistocene and Recent alluvium underlying
Frenchman Creek and adjacent bottom lands at Palisade, Nebr.
(D-E, pis. 5, 7); and (3) eastward through the Ogallala formation
across a section extending from sec. 18, T. 8 N., R. 35 W., Hayes
County, Nebr., to sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 38 W., Perkins County, Nebr.
(F-G, pis. 5, 7). Subsurface outflow between sections D-E and
F-0 (pis. 5, 7) is insignificant because of a ground-water divide between
the sections.
Subsurface outflow from the basin was estimated by means of a
modified form of Darcy's law, which may be written as:
Q=TIW
in which
Q= quantity of water, in gallons per day, passing through the
cross section being studied;
T= coefficient of transmissibility, in gallons per day per foot;
/=hydraulic gradient (slope of the water table), in feet per mile;
and
W= width of cross section, in miles, through which the water
moves, measured parallel to the water-level-contour lines.
CO
TABLE 17. Electric-power and service costs, consumption of power, and efficiencies of pumps for 12 irrigation wells in 1953
Energy con- Cost of Cost per

Billed Energy Total energy Pumping Water Pumping sumed per power and Cost per acre-foot Efficiency
Well horsepower consumed consumed rate (gpm) pumped lift (ft) acre-foot of service acre-foot per foot of of pump
(Kw) (Kwhr) (acre-ft) pumping lift (dollars) (dollars) pumping lift (percent)
(Kwhr) (cents)
6-40-18cbc_ __ ___ _ 19. 7 16. 3 24, 160 1,350 368 33 1. 99 512. 40 1. 39 4. 2 57

6-41-lbbb____ ___ . 11. 2 9.3 2,740 410 22 65 1. 92 114. 90 5. 22 8.0 60
7-39-27ddb_ ________ 35.8 29.6 18,990 1,250 148 86 1.49 584. 85 3.95 4. 6 76
7-40- 6bcc__ __ _ 25. 3 21.0 20, 680 870 158 497. 70 3. 15
28bbb__. ______ 23.6 19.6 27, 290 980 25 65 1. 67 596. 85 2. 39 3. 7 68
7-41-1 7aaa _______ 36.2 30.0 9,470 1,200 70 75 1. 80 395. 10 5. 64 7.5 63
18ddb__ __ 33.0 27. 4 11,990 1,000 80 89 1. 68 437. 80 5.47 6. 1 68
7-43-33acd--__ _ __ 26. 3 21. 8 46, 220 800 312 70 2. 11 894. 67 2. 87 4. 1 54
35bcc____ __ 24.6 20.4 30, 769 1,170 325 58 1. 63 655. 84 2.02 3. 5 70
7-44- 2ccd_ _ _ _ 48.2 40.0 12, 950 980 57 130 1. 75 517. 67 9.08 7.0 67
8-41-34abc _ ___ __ 38.6 32.0 34, 230 1,060 209 95 1. 72 863. 45 4. 13 4. 3 66
8-44-36bbd_ ________ 48. 2 40.0 16, 390 1,020 77' 126 1. 69 628. 11 8. 16 6. 5 67
30.9 25.6 21, 320 1,00? 173 81 1. 77 558. 28 4. 46 5.4 65
GROUND WATER 95
TABLE 18. Average power costs per foot of lift for engines and motors in pumping
an acre-foot of water
[Horsepower hours required at pump shaft i]
Horsepower Average cost Number of Cost per

Type of power hours per per unit of units of acre-foot of
or fuel Unit of power or fuel unit of power power or power or water per
or fuel fuel (cents) fuel used foot of lift
(cents)
Diesel. .............. Gallon................. M4.5 14 0.143 2.00

Electric..... ........ 1.21 1.5 1.72 52.58
Gasoline. ............ Gallon...... ............ 211.2 19 .186 3.53
Natural gas .......... 4.065 .025 32 .80
Propane. ............ 28.6 14 .242 3.39
Tractor fuel.. ....... Gallon. ___ .......... Ul.l 16 .187 2.99
1 Horsepower hours=Gallons per acre-foot times lift, in feet, times weight of water, in pounds per gallon;
divided by foot-pounds per minute times length of test, in minutes, times pump
efficiency; computation based on a pump efficiency of 66 percent.
_326,OOOX1X8.33
33,000X60X0.66
2 Data from tractor-testing laboratory, University of Nebraska College of Agriculture and U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture (Lambert, 1953).
' Data from tests of motors within the area.
« Data from pumping tests in Scott County, Kans. (McCall, 1944).
« Does not include service charge.
The foregoing formula may be rewritten conveniently in the form

Q=1.12X10~8 TIL (cosine a)
in which
Q= quantity of water, in acre-feet per year, passing through any
given cross section:
L= width of cross section through which the water moves, in miles;
and
a= angle between the given cross section and its projection onto
a cross section oriented normal to the direction of movement.
The subsurface outflow from the basin is shown in table 19.
TABLE 19. Subsurface outflow from the Frenchman Creek basin
T / L a Q
Section 1 (gpd per ft) 2 (ft per (miles) (degrees) Cosine a (acre-f t per
mile) yr)
c-z>..__. ______
D-E
50, 000 16 7 0 1. 0 6,300
250, 000 10 1. 75 0 1. 0 4, 900
**-<?________ 190, 000 10 28 37 . 8 48, 000
Total__._ 59, 000
1 See pis. 5, 7.
2 Average.
The water-table contour lines (pi. 5) indicate that ground water

moves across the State line from Colorado into Nebraska, through
the Ogallala formation along a 42-mile section (A-B, pi. 7). Sec-
tion A-B was divided into 9 parts, each part corresponding to a
different average value of transmissibility. Point A was designated

as station 0 and point B as station 42. Results of computations to
determine the subsurface flow across the Colorado-Nebraska State line
in the Frenchman Creek basin are shown in table 20.
TABLE 20. Subsurface flow across the Colorado-Nebraska State line in the Frenchman
Creek basin
T 7 L a Q
Station (gpd per ft) (ft per (miles) (degrees) Cosine a (acre-ft per
mile) yr)
0-4.0 ---__-. 50, 000 10 4.0 18 0 951 2, 100

4.0-8.5_ _______ 38, 000 12 4.5 25 906 2, 100
8.5-13.0_._____ 20, 000 14 4. 5 45 707 1,000
13.0-17.0. __._. 110, 000 14 4.0 50 642 4,400
17.0-19.0_ ____ _ 220, 000 13 2. 0 10 984 6, 3©0
19.0-24.5______ 280, 000 13 5. 5 0 1 00 22, 000
24.5-29.5 240, 000 13 5. 0 30 866 15, 000
29.5-34.5_ _____ 210, 000 13 5. 0 10 984 15, 000
34.5-42.0__ ___ 190, 000 13 7.5 0 1 00 21, 000
Total____ 89, 000
SUMMARY OF ANNUAL DIG CHARGE AND RECHARGE
A summary of the quantity of ground water estimated to be dis-

charged annually and the calculated rate of annual recharge from
precipitation is given in table 21. If it is assumed that the annual
recharge to the underground reservoir is in effect equal to the annual
discharge, the annual rate of recharge, all of which is derived from
precipitation on the basin, can be calculated. Thus, it was deter-
mined that the annual recharge is equivalent to a layer of water
0.9 inch deep over the basin or about 220,000 acre-feet. The annual
recharge is about 0.8 inch in the Colorado part of the area and about
1.0 inch in the Nebraska part.
QUANTITY IN STORAGE
Most of the recoverable ground water stored in the Frenchman
Creek basin is in the Ogallala formation and the alluvial deposits of
the stream valleys. The approximate quantity of ground water
stored within the area was determined by multiplying the volume of
saturated material by an assumed specific yield of 0.20, a factor which
is discussed in the section on aquifer tests. The volume of saturated
material was determined from the map of the area showing saturated
thickness (pi. 8).
Calculations indicate that about 33 million acre-feet of recoverable
ground water is stored in the Colorado part of the area and about
48 million in the Nebraska part, so that the total for the basin is
GROUND WATER 97
TABLE 21. Quantity l of ground water discharged annually, in acre-feet, and equiva-
lent rate of annual recharge from precipitation, in inches
Frenchman Creek basin
Colorado part Nebraska part Total
Ground-water discharge:
Subsurface flow 2 _ _ _ _ _ 90, 000 -30, 000 60, 000
Base flow of streams 3___ ____ None 100, 000 100, 000
Evaporation and transpiration 4 :
Sandhills. __ _ _ 15, 000 10, 000 25, 000
Stream valleys __ None 9,000 9,000
Pumpage from wells :
Domestic and stock _ _ 1,800 1,600 3,000
Industrial _____________ None 10 10
Irrigation _ _ ________ _ 4,000 16, 000 20, 000
Municipal ________________ 400 700 1,000
Total acre-feet 5___ _________ 111,000 107, 000 218, 000
Area of recharge _ acres 1, 648, 000 1, 252, 000 2, 900, 000
Equivalent recharge from precipita-
0.80 1.03 0.90
1 Estimated.
2 From tables 19 and 20.
' From page 83.
« From data in table 10.
5 Figures rounded.
about 81 million acre-feet. This vast amount of water is about 2%

times that capable of being contained by Lake Mead, the body of
water impounded by Hoover Dam on the Colorado River. The
quantity of ground water that is estimated to be in storage does not
include all the ground water in storage in the basin but only the
quantity that would drain by gravity. Even the full amount that
would drain by gravity could not be practicably recovered by pump-
ing from wells, but most of it could be.
WELL CONSTRUCTION
Most of the wells in the basin were drilled by cable-tool, standard
hydraulic-rotary, or reverse-rotary methods. The cable-tool method
is used to drill both small- and large-diameter wells and test holes.
The standard hydraulic-rotary method generally is used only for drill-
ing small-diameter wells and test holes, and the reverse-rotary method
is restricted to large-diameter wells.
Methods of constructing irrigation wells have been improved
greatly during the past 25 years. The first shallow irrigation well in
the basin, well 7-39-33cca north of Champion, Nebr., is 48 inches
in diameter and was dug in 1913 to a depth of 22 feet and curbed to
the bottom with concrete and brick; however, its measured depth in
July 1952 was 11.8 feet below the land surface. The static level of
the water was about 7 feet below the land surface both in 1913 and
in 1952.
The first deep irrigation well in the area, well 8^7-16ccc near
Haxtun, Colo., was dug in 1918 by hand, using shovels and sand
buckets, and cased with 48-inch plain concrete casing to the water
table at a depth of about 170 feet; a smaller casing was placed by
sand bucket below the water table to a depth of 200 feet. Fine
sand, which entered the bottom of the casing, caused much difficulty
and reduced the yield of the well. An electrically powered centrifugal
pump was placed in the well directly above the water table; however,
as the capacity of the pump exceeded the yield of the well, the draw-
down became too great for the suction lift. At a later time, the water
level rose 20 feet and the electric motor and pump were submerged.
A cylinder pump was installed in 1933 and used for 2 years to irrigate
fruit trees; the well has not been used since 1935.
Since about 1935 most of the irrigation wells have been constructed
by drilling a large-diameter hole into or through the water-bearing
formation, lowering a perforated metal casing, generally 18 inches in
diameter, into the hole, and packing the annular space between the
casing and walls of the hole with clean screened gravel. Such a well
is called a "gravel-packed" well. The perforated sections of the
casing are placed below the water table opposite the most permeable
zones in the water-bearing formation; care is taken to omit perfora-
tions in zones of silt and fine sand. The gravel used to pack wells
generally is uniform in size and slightly larger than the casing perfora-
tions, which commonly are of the "eyelid" type. Where the water-
bearing materials are relatively fine, the wells are packed with a finer
gravel or even with coarse sand. Upon development and completion,
the well is tested to determine the yield and drawdown, and a perma-
nent pump is installed with it's intake at an adequate depth below the
pumping water level.
A concrete pumphouse foundation and floor generally are con-
structed level with the top of the well casing. A 6-inch hole through
the concrete floor at the side of the casing sometimes is provided so
that the well owner can replenish the gravel pack if it settles as a
result of the pumping of fine material from the aquifer. A 1- or 2-inch
opening into the well casing, fitted with a threaded plug if desired, also
should be provided in the pump base or concrete floor so that the
depth to the water table can be measured with a steel tape.
Although methods of well construction in the area generally are
satisfactory, insufficient attention has been given to the selection of
screen size for gravel packing and to the proper methods of develop-
ment, with the result that the yield and life of many wells are reduced
and the cost of pumping thereby is increased.
GROUND WATER 99
A detailed treatment of well construction is not within the scope of

this report. It should be reemphasized, however, that, to obtain the
maximum yield from a well at the lowest possible pumping cost, more
attention should be given to proper design of well screens or casing
perforations, to use of properly graded gravel in gravel-packed wells,
and to adequate development of the well after the drilling is completed
and casing is installed. The several methods of drilling and devel-
oping wells are discussed by Code (1929), Tolman (1937), Rohwer
(1940), Bennison (1947), Wood (1950), and Meeks (1952).
EXPLORATION FOB GROUND WATER
Many methods of exploration are used to locate ground-water

supplies, including resistivity and seismic surveys and other geo-
physical methods. The most reliable method, however, especially in
the Frenchman Creek basin, is test drilling. The saturated-thickness
map (pi. 8), the depth-to-water map (pi. 5), the geologic map (pi. 1),
the fence diagram (pi. 2), and the transmissibility map (pi. 7) can
be used to delineate areas favorable to the development of pump irri-
gation. Plate 6 indicates areas of bedrock "lows," such as the trough
north of Frenchman Creek in T. 6 N., Rs. 38 and 39 W., and T. 7 N.,
R. 40 W., Chase County, Nebr., where, other factors being equal,
prospecting for irrigation supplies should be rewarding; and areas of
bedrock "highs," such as the closure southeast of Haxtun, Colo.,
where prospecting for irrigation-water supplies is likely to be unsuc-
cessful because the post-Oligocene deposits are relatively thin.
Use of the depth-to-water map (pi. 5) must include consideration
of the many variable and complex factors which enter into a definition
of a depth beyond which lifting water for irrigation is infeasible
economically. Water pumped from depths ordinarily considered too
great for economic recovery might be used advantageously for supple-
mental irrigation at critical times during the growing season. If a
cheap fuel, such as natural gas, becomes available in the basin, greater
pumping lifts will become economical; of interest in this regard is the
recent leasing activity of oil companies in northeastern Colorado.
Price fluctuation of marketable crops also is a factor, as is the fact
that more valuable crops might be grown in certain areas underlain
by soils particularly suitable to those crops. In short, defining a
maximum economic pumping lift becomes complex if not impossible.
At least one well in the basin, used to irrigate relatively valuable seed
crops, has been operated profitably at a pumping lift as great as 276
feet. Ordinarily, however, pumping lifts in the basin are considered
marginal if greater than about 200 feet.
Areas underlain by 100 feet or more of saturated materials (pi. 8)
can be considered potentially capable of yielding sufficient water to
sustain irrigation; the potential increases as the saturated thickness

increases. Areas underlain by very permeable water-bearing mate-
rials might yield sufficient water for irrigation even if the materials
were less than 100 feet thick; areas underlain by relatively imper-
meable water-bearing materials probably would not yield sufficient
water for irrigation even if the thickness were greater than 100 feet.
In all areas, topography and soil suitability also are limiting factors.
Data obtained from the saturated-thickness map and coefficients
of permeability obtained from aquifer tests were used to prepare
a map of the basin showing the inferred transmissibility of the aquifer
by means of contour lines (pi. 7). This map, when used in conjunc-
tion with the other maps, is in effect a water-yield map, and ideal
sites for irrigation wells of large capacity would be in areas of greatest
transmissibility subject, of course, to the suitability of topography
and soil.
Local test drilling is highly desirable in selecting the exact site for
an irrigation well. The lenticularity and wide range in permeability
of the beds constituting the Ogallala formation and the narrowness of
the underlying Tertiary stream channels make it possible to construct
wells of high yields close to those of much lower yields, and vice
versa. Therefore, lines of closely spaced test holes should be drilled,
if economically practicable, before the site of an irrigation well is
selected. The braided Tertiary streams that deposited the sand
and gravel of the Ogallala formation flowed generally eastward from
the Rocky Mountains, in a direction similar to that followed by
the present-day streams; thus, test holes should be drilled on a line
as nearly as possible at right angles to the stream courses that is,
in north-south or northeast-southwest lines in order to locate the
thickest saturated sections of permeable materials.
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER
By E. R. JOCHBNS and R. A. KRIEGBR
A reconnaissance of the chemical quality of ground water in the
Frenchman Creek basin was made during 1952 and early 1953.
Samples of water were collected, wherever possible, from wells used
for irrigation or municipal supply; most of the samples were repre-
sentative of water from the Ogallala formation, and a few were
representative of water from dune sand and alluvium. Previously,
samples of water had been collected from Frenchman Creek near
Enders and at Culbertson, Nebr., before the construction of Enders
Reservoir and from the reservoir after the closure of the dam in
October 1950. The locations of all sampling points are shown on
plate 9.
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATEiR 101
The samples were analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey with

methods common to the field of water chemistry (Am. Public Health
Assoc., 1946). For many of the samples of ground water, only
hardness, specific conductance, and concentration of sodium, which
are essential for rating the quality of the water for irrigation, were
determined.
The concentrations of the dissolved constituents and the hardness
given in tables of this report are in parts per million. A part per
million is a unit weight of a constituent in a million unit weights of
water. The specific conductance is a measure of the ability of the
water to conduct an electrical current. It is related to the con-
centration of dissolved solids and, therefore, can be used to estimate
the total mineralization of the water. Specific conductance is
expressed in reciprocal ohms (mhos) per centimeter X106 and is
referred to as micromhos per centimeter at 25°C. Percent sodium
is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the concentration of sodium
to the sum of the concentrations of the principal cations (calcium,
magnesium, sodium, and potassium), if concentrations are expressed
in equivalents per million. Parts per million can be converted to
equivalents per million by multiplying by specific factors. These
factors together with statements pertaining to the significance of the
various dissolved constituents in water are given in Water-Supply
Paper 1291 (U.S. Geol. Survey, 1958, p. 6-15).
SURFACE WATER
Twenty-six samples were collected from Frenchman Creek near
Enders and at Culbertson, Nebr., between March 1947 and September
1949. Eight additional samples were collected from Enders Reservoir
between December 1951 and June 1953. Results of chemical analysis
of these samples are shown in table 22 and are summarized as follows:
Extremes and averages of some of the properties of surface waters
Frenchman Creek
Enders Reservoir
Property Near Enders At Culbertson
Max Min Avg Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Specific conductance
micromhos at 25°C__ 389 355 370 402 358 383 628 374 482
Hardness as CaCO3 __-_____ppm__ 160 142 150 195 155 171 252 162 205
Percent sodium 26 20 23 26 8 17 39 6 20
Although these extremes and averages are based on only a few

samples and may be subject to error, the data for Frenchman Creek
indicate that the mineralization of the water increased downstream.
TABLE 22. Chemical analyses of surface water in Nebraska
O
[Results in parts per million except as indicated] to
Dissolved d
-^ 1
^ +J
o solids C3
q<5 O C3
o03 c
^^ § B O 'CT «o
22 M o N 3 £%
Date of collection Di(c
scharge o Fl(F)
uoride Pesodircent (micromh<
Si(SiO
) l2ica 1 P(
otas ium Bicarbonate Ca(
rbonate Sul(SOtfate Ch(C
loride Ni(NO
trate Haasrdnes Noncarbona Ca
as
ness Specicomfic
Magnesium Boron
(B)
Reonsidue evapora-tion
at Tons
peracre-fo t
(Fe)
Iron 180°C 25°C)
1 1 W
o n
Enders Reservoir Near Enders
Dec. 17, 1951. i 41, 240 25 0.04 39 13 21 221 17 3.0 0.8 1.0 230 0.31 152 0 23 375 7.7
139,400 30 .04 13 1 Q ftQ 234 147 20 358 7.9
38 17 203 10 3.0 .6 .32 0
10
33,780 26 .04 39 12 22 205 4.0 .9 2.4 .05 225 .31 148 0 25 367 7.6
July 24... . ___..- 32, 170 17 |... ... 144 20 361
Sept. 22....... ............ 18 37 23 919 20 3.0 2 9 08 99^ .31 0 25 377 8.1
30,200 33 14 23 207 0 18 3.0 142 0 26 355 8.2
Mar. 23, 1953 34,350 41 14 22 221 0 20 4.0 160 23 389 8.1
34,560 39 13 99 9Q6 23 4.0 151 0 24 374
Frenchman Creek Near Enders
0 9 971 07 1QQ 4A9

77 60 0.05 11 200 10 3 9 5.0 0 Q 11 8 7
Apr. 29 _ 1ft4. 1Q Ofift OK JO
89 58 .05 49 U 14 3.0 5.0 388 8 7
May27 . |0 on
73 60 .05 41 15 2Q 9 5.0 254 .35 15 8.7
Sept. 23 92.9 58 .02 50 17 7.2 220 91 9 ft .7 4 n .39 195 15 8 392
Aug. 9, 1848.. . - 74 65 .00 46 14 13 919 18 9 ft .9 0.04 282 .38 172 0 14 379 8.0
Aug. 30 63 63 00 43 14 14 919 14 9 ft .9 9 8 04 274 .37 16 373 8.0
Sept. 28 - 85 52 .02 44 12 16 0 3.0 3.8 ns 268 .36 159 0 18 358 8.2
3 «>no
Feb. 28, 1949..... ... __ 4Q .05 11 99 155 94. 370 7 a
211 0 3 (\ 4.5 00 34 0
Mar. 28 _ _.__. 115 49 .05 46 12 17 218 11 4.0 4.1 .00 OAQ .37 18 385 7.7
88 50 .08 48 13 220 16 3.5 .8 4 C 974 .37 174 0 16 399 7 Q
May 31. . . . ft9 n 4 9

83 52 50 13 15 220 19 3 273 .37 16 398 7.7
87 .04 44 11 25 914 91 4.0 .7 5.0 97ft .37 0 26 4A9 8.0
Sept. 26.. _ _ __ 68 51 .02 43 14 20 218 0 20 2.6 .8 5 A 974 .37 165 0 21 377 8.0
Frenchman Creek at Culbertson
Mar. 25, 1947 -------- 171 55 0.05 59 16 12 5.6 245 0 30 5.0 0.9 6.0 310 0.42 213 12 11 461 8.6
166 57 .10 61 16 6.2 5.6 209 16 28 5.4 .9 2.0 306 .42 218 20 6 449 8.7
May27 -- - 121 59 .05 61 17 12 6.0 221 17 31 5.4 .9 4.0 322 .44 222 12 10 474 8.8
Sept. 22 - -- 60 59 .02 60 20 12 228 14 34 4.0 .8 4.6 0.06 328 .45 232 22 10 467 8.5
Aug. 2, 1948 19 84 .10 61 21 33 280 0 56 11 1.0 6.7 .00 402 .55 239 9 23 550 7.9
A iinr Oft 23 67 .00 68 20 38 308 0 57 10 .9 6.0 .08 434 .59 252 0 24 628 7 Q
47 51 .02 46 16 54 287 0 44 7.0 .9 6.3 .11 366 .50 181 0 39 513 7.8
Feb. 28, 1949 ----- 335 39 .02 45 12 15 212 0 10 3.5 .8 4.4 .06 256 .35 162 0 17 374 7.6
256 44 .02 52 17 13 250 0 8.8 6.5 .8 4.8 .09 312 .42 200 0 13 465 7.5
Apr. 25 204 52 .08 55 15 26 256 0 30 5.5 .9 5.6 320 .44 199 0 22 470 7.9
May 31 ----------------- 190 53 .05 52 14 30 254 0 29 5.5 .9 4.8 330 .45 188 0 26 474 7.9
168 46 .02 49 12 28 226 0 32 5.5 .8 6.1 300 .41 172 0 26 454 7.9
63 55 .08 52 15 39 242 12 39 6.0 .9 7.0 356 .48 192 0 30 485 8.4
Reservoir contents, in acre-feet.
O
GO
The increase was probably the result both of evapotranspiration and

of influent seepage of relatively highly mineralized ground water,
though it might have been partly the result of inflow from Stinking
Water Creek.
The surface water is moderately mineralized and is of the calcium
bicarbonate type. The mineralization of the water was very uniform
near Enders, but varied significantly as the water discharge varied at
Culbertson.
GROUND WATER
Samples of water were collected from 71 wells, and the results of
analysis are listed in table 23. Water from 8 of the wells sampled was
used for public supply; 16, for irrigation; 23, for stock; and 18, for
domestic and stock. Water from four wells was not being used. Ex-
tremes and averages of some of the properties of the ground water are
given below:
Maximum Minimum Average
Specific conductance___micromhos at 25° C__ 1, 120 197 391
Hardness as CaCO3 ________________-_-ppm__ 436 60 157
Percent sodium.____________________________ 44 7 17
In most of the area the ground water is moderately mineralized and
is of the calcium bicarbonate type. Eight of the samples had specific
conductances of more than 450 micromhos at 25° C. They were from
shallow wells, most of which tapped dune sand or alluvium, in south-
western Chase County and northeastern Yuma County. The hard-
ness of the 8 samples far exceeded the average of 157 ppm for all
the samples.
DOMESTIC USE
Water for domestic use, particularly for drinking, should be clear,

pleasant to the taste, of reasonable temperature, and free from orga-
nisms that are capable of producing intestinal infections. Excessive
concentrations of certain chemical constituents in water may be very
undesirable. Departments of health from time to time have estab-
lished standards that govern the quality of water used under their ju-
risdiction. The only nationwide standards pertaining to the quality of
potable water supplies are the Drinking Water Standards of the U.S.
Public Health Service (1946). These standards were established in
1914 under the provisions of the Interstate Quarantine Kegulations
and were revised in 1925, 1942, and 1946. These standards apply
only to the waters that are used for drinking and culinary needs on
railroad cars, aircraft, and vessels in interstate traffic. However,
they have been adopted by the American Water Works Association
and by many States as recommended limitations for public water sup-
plies. Some of the standards that pertain to chemical constituents
TABLE 23. Chemical analyses of ground water
[Geologic source: A, alluvium; D, dune sand; O, Ogallala formation. Results in parts per million except as indicated]
Nharoncarbodna-te (manceicromhos
(BHicaCOarbonate) (reonevap-
sidueor180°
C)
atation S
Ma(Mg)
gnesium Carbonate
(COs) Disols oildvesd HaCaCOsasrdnes Specondcuicfti-c
Well Geologic Date of Ca(Ca)
lcium Potas ium
(K) O O CaCOs
nessas
source collection Si(SiO
) li2ca Sodi(Na)um CQ
Ch(CD
loride Fl(F)
uoride §. 1
a
"a B "S 25°C)
at
(Fe)
Iron -2 a
Q .2 1
3
02 I (S Kft
COLORADO
Logan County
6-48-25abb . 186 OOOO Jan. 19, 1953. 19 153 21 412

7-50-25CCC---. 173.9 on 25 241
8-49- 9cda 202 May 20, 1952.... 50 6.06 33 11 33 8.8 197 0 22 10 0.8 9.2 0.05 280 129 0 34 406 8.2 I
9-48-24ddd--_ 214 Jan. 14, 1953..... 9.8 166 11 365 S
Phillips County
~13-15dda_ 103.3 D Nov. 3, 1952..,.. 4.8 144 7 311

17daa _ 100 D Oct. 28- -- . 8.5 171 10 394
A 145 11 327
110 0 8
-43-18abb 230 O July 24, 1952 39 0.64 39 7.4 15 5.9 169 0 15 5.0 0.8 7.7 0.09 224 128 0 19 327 7.6
27bbb... 215 O 12 6.5 133 16 324
33acd 236 0 Oct. 10- ------ 12 159 14 368
35bcc--.. 198 0 45 .10 41 8.1 7.1 175 0 6.0 4.0 4.2 .04 220 136 0 13 316 7.7
-H- 7ddd... 223 0 July23..___ - 40 .06 37 8.4 13 6.0 147 17 14 .7 12 .07 234 127 6 17 340 8.0
17bcc.,- 265 O - .do. ------ 5.6 118 21 292
-43-27bbb._- 175 O 8.9 119 14 278
-47-36cbb... . 141.7 O 6.1 88 13 206
>-44-33bbc.... 0 Ton Id 20 128 25 338
Sedgwick County
10-43- 3dcb... don O PUmt Q 1 0^9 1Q 7.6 145 21 368

10-44-26bcc 258.0 1Q 18 310
O 130
10-45-30bcc.-- 285 O Jan. 14 ....... 7 Q 126 12 283
Oi Oi Cn O* Cn Cn Cn Cn
2: tm 5-49-25a b. 3-.4bab.50-.
O C^QdS3 &i p f\, cL CL Q
LoJSK
©CritO-ÔsÔOh-'GeOs O C*3 CO OS
I
OS tO COO »§s si
OS -JO, "-W
Depth (feet)
ooooooo 00
0
if
<H <H H«H
P O P
§_ P § 1 P
vTcK 1 p 'S, ;
SS J î Lk
^y ?
CC
? 1
>3 Ss'S,
13n to 1 1
Silica (SlOs)
8
p Iron (Fe)
o
*».
it». Calcium (Ca)
g
0 K Magnesium (Mg)
t»
w^ CD O U ;-">- . o5 t" 3 3 »5 x 3 *- 5
OS
- Sodium (Na)
Count
Chasey NEBRASKA Count
Washingtoyn
CountYumay Potassium (K)
-»cc to
00 I Bicarbonate (HCOs)
OJ
o CO o
Carbonate (CO3)
CO 1 Sulfate (SOO
o o
Chloride (Cl)
p P Fluoride (F)
CO
o g Nitrate (NOa)
0
k Boron (B)
Dissolved solids
(residue on evapo-
s ration at 180° C)
-" >: &9 H- -1 tC - rf*. to ^
l-'OC *- OJO. Hardness as CaCOs
M X § 3S X OSO1 5S 3 -"OS CC s oi
to Noncarbonate hard-
O to ness as CaCOs
sss SE5 £E 5 ^s ooEf 5Sg^ K GOO
Percent sodium
Specific conductance
W W to C*3 cri M MWO Oi CM to co (micromhos at
SCO OO>tÔ SP °*
~J OOCOCC ss » ^ 00 S oCO 26° C)
00 1 pH
31' 1 00
901
Sldac 27.0 A Jan. 26, 1953 63 230 37 738
6-39-30bbc - 218 O Sept. 23, 1952- . 166 16 399
6-40-3add 86.4 O Nov. 5 11 153 14 363
6ccb 240 O Sept. 30 11 137 16 319
17cdd .-- 115 O Dec. 12 -- 9.4 136 13 314
20cdc 17.4 O 170 37 683
6-41-lbbb 102 O 13 148 16 350
21ddd... 40 D Jan. 21, 1953.-- 58 292 30 836
7-37-23cbb 125 O Oct. 30, 1952 5.3 136 8 296
7-39-20aad 92 O Oct. 22- -- 23 175 22 447
27ddb_ - - - 292.4 O Nov. 12. 17 142 21 352
7-40- 5bbb-~ 260 O July 16 18 88 31 263
28bbb.-- 180 O 16 8.0 139 19 350
7-41- 3ddd.--. 70 O 147 16 353
18ddb--_ 235 O 15 6.3 135 19 339
21abb _ 220 O July 21 ns 136 19 330
25adb. 187 O Oct. 2 12 135 16 328
8-36-22dcc-__- 162.0 O Jan. 22, 1953 11 60 29 197
206.1 O 11 170 12 383
8-39-16cac - 95.0 O "117.8 145 10 313
8-40- 7ccc- _ _ 134.4 O .do 99 20 254
Dundy County
3-40-17bdd-... 29.5 D Dec. 8, 1952--- 7 9 292

4-39-22bcd 95 O Jan. 21, 1953 15 162 17 385
4-40-21bdb..- 59.6 D --do... ----- 9.6 141 13 333
4^2-22adb 71.6' D 20 1 79 20 421
Hitchcock County
-34- lacb - 100 A, O June 8, 1947- ... 64 0.60 56 15 20 234 8 26 5.0 0.7 6.0 0.09 326 201 0 18 448 8.4
Perkins County
-37-21cac _ -. 163.5 O Oct. 30, 1952 6.7 160 8 348

35adb - 95.8 O Jan. 22, 1953 - Q 7 189 10 429
-38-23bdd--_. 144 O Oct. 29, 1952 5.9 155 8 337
-M)-14cdd 127.4 O Oct. 22 . 5.3 126 8 280
-41- 7dbb.-- 233 O Jan. 26, 1953 23 136 17 326
13aba _ -. 181.2 O Oct. 28, 1952 19 156 21 394
0-39-13bbd-.. 185 O July 24 ---- 39 0.27 44 10 11 8.8 190 0 15 7.0 0.7 7.5 0.05 252 152 0 13 355 7.8
are given in table 24 along with abridged chemical analyses of water

used for public supply in the basin.
Iron and manganese in water, if present even in small amounts,
are objectionable because they stain utensils, fixtures, and fabrics.
Also, iron may cause turbidity in water and introduce an unpleasant
taste. Of the five public supplies analyzed for iron, that for Palisade,
Nebr., contained iron in excess of the standard and that for Grant,
Nebr., contained iron in concentrations only slightly less than the
standard. (See table 24.)
Fluoride in water in concentrations that exceed 1.5 ppm is associated
with the dental defect known as mottled enamel if the water is used
for drinking by children during calcification of the permanent teeth
(Dean and others, 1941). Recent investigations, however, indicate
that the incidence of dental caries is less when there are small amounts
of fluoride present in the drinking water than when there are none. The
concentrations of 0.7 to 0.9 ppm in most of the water analyzed is very
near the concentration of 1.0 ppm recommended by the American
Dental Association and by many State and local health agencies.
TABLE 24. Suitability of water from public supplies for domestic use
[Concentrations in parts per million]
Iron Magne- Snlfate Chlo- Flno- Nitrate Dis- Hard-

State and town ,~ Well (Fe) sium (S04) ride ride (NOs) solved ness as
&~ (Mg) (Cl) (F) solids CaCOa
Colorado:
Fleming,.. 8-49-9ada_____ 0.06 11 22 10 0.8 9.2 280 129
7-44-7ddd_ . .06 8.4 17 14 .7 12 234 127
17bcc 118
Nebraska:
10-39-13bbd_-_ .27 10 15 7.0 .7 7.5 252 152
6-38-4bca.._- .. 10 153
4-34-lacb______ .60 15 26 5.0 .7 6.0 326 201
9-41-7dbb_.___ 136
5-36-Hacb..... .05 14 19 5.0 .9 2.0 278 187
Drinking water si andards (U.S.

Public Health ServIce, 1946, unless
otherwise indicatecI)............... 10.3 125 250 250 2 1.5 344 <500
1 Iron plus manganese.

* Mandatory maximum for waters under the jurisdiction of the Public Health Service.
'Maxcy (1950).
* 1,000 ppm permitted if no better water is available.
Although a standard for nitrate has not been adopted by the U.S.
Public Health Service, Maxcy (1950) recommended that water having
a nitrate content (as NO3) in excess of 44 ppm be regarded as unsafe
for use in infant feeding. High concentrations of nitrate in drinking
water have been associated with cyanosis, which sometimes develops
in infants (Comly, 1945; Waring, 1949; Bosch and others, 1950).
High concentrations of nitrate in water may be an indication of con-
tamination by sewage or other organic matter, as nitrate represents
the final stage of oxidation in the nitrogen cycle. The nitrate con-
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATEiR 109
centrations of the water analyzed were much less than the recom-
mended maximum.
Hardness is the characteristic of water usually recognized because
of the increased quantity of soap required to produce a lather and
because of the deposits of insoluble salts formed when the water is
heated or evaporated. Calcium and magnesium cause most of the
hardness of water. Certain other constituents, such as iron, alumi-
num, strontium, barium, zinc, and free acid, also cause hardness;
however, they are not present in sufficient quantitites, as a rule, to
have any appreciable effect. Specific limits have not been set for
hardness, but the following gradations generally are recognized:
Hardness (ppm) Rating and usability
Less than 60_--_ Soft suitable for many uses without further
softening.
60-120- ________ Moderately hard usable except in some indus-
trial applications.
120-200________ Hard softening required by laundries and
some other industries.
More than 200_ _ Very hard softening desirable for most purposes.
The hardness of the water sampled ranged from 60 to 436 ppm;
however, most of the ground water, including water used for municipal
supply, had a hardness of 120 to 200 ppm.
IRRIGATION USE
Although water from the basin is being used successfully for irriga-
tion, an evaluation of water quality is necessary for sound planning
of future expansion. The samples that were analyzed are few, but
they are considered to be representative of the general quality of
the water in the area.
The water can be rated for irrigation by a method proposed by
Wilcox (1948). In this method, water is rated as to its suitability
for irrigation on the basis of its percent sodium and its specific con-
ductance. If the percent sodium is less than 48, the water can be
rated by the specific conductance alone. Because the maximum per-
cent sodium in all the water analyzed was 44, the following ratings
are applicable:
Specific conductance (micromhos per centimeter
at 85° C) Bating for irrigation
Less than 750_____________ Excellent to good.
750 to 2,000- ___---____-__ Good to permissible.
2,000 to 3,000- ____________ Doubtful to unsuitable.
More than 3,000_--________ Unsuitable.
Water in Enders Reservoir and lower Frenchman Creek, and most
ground water rate excellent to good. Water from four shallow
wells (32.5 to 49.0 feet deep) in southwestern Chase County and
northeastern Yuma County rates good to permissible.
In addition to rating water on the basis of percent sodium and

specific conductance, various investigators have rated irrigation
water also on the basis of boron content. The tolerance of various
plants to boron has been studied by Eaton (1935) and Scofield (1936).
According to Scofield, water having less than 0.33 ppm of boron is
suitable for irrigation, even of boron-sensitive crops. All the samples
analyzed had less than 0.33 ppm of boron.
PROSPECTIVE DEPLETION OF STREAMFLOW BY PUMP

IRRIGATION
The water-table contour map (pi. 5) and the saturated-thickness

map (pi. 8) indicate that a larger volume of ground water is discharged
into Frenchman Creek from the south than from the north. The
extensive dune-sand deposits lying south of and close to the creek
along most of the reach of perennial flow upstream from Enders
Reservoir constitute an excellent catchment area from which emerges
a large part of the ground-water discharge into Frenchman Creek.
The greater part of the land considered to be irrigable, however, is
north of Frenchman Creek.
Land areas generally suitable for irrigation were outlined from the
results of a reconnaissance land-suitability survey made by the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation. Areas in which pumping of ground water for
irrigation eventually may deplete the flow of Frenchman, Spring, and
Stinking Water Creeks are outlined by hachures on plate 10, and
individual areas were assigned identifying block letters from A to N.
A comparison of plate 10 with the water-table contour map (pi. 5)
indicates that, because of the location of ground-water divides, the
movement of ground water under blocks C and N is toward Spring
and Stinking Water Creeks, and the movement under all other blocks
is toward Frenchman Creek. A change in the ground-water divides
whereby pumping in blocks J and N could cause a depletion of both
Frenchman and Spring Creeks, might occur after years of pumping.
Pumping in some of the other blocks also might deplete the flow in
both creeks, but the depletion of the streams farther from the block
will be extremely small in comparison to the depletion of the nearer
stream. The net change in results at Enders Reservoir, however,
would be negligible (about 5 percent), and practically no change in
results would be noticed at Palisade because Frenchman, Spring, and
Stinking Water Creeks are all in the Frenchman Creek basin and
converge at Palisade.
In this study, it is assumed that all the water required for the irri-
gable lands within a block would be pumped from one source, located
at the centroid of that block (pi. 10).
PROSPECTIVE DEPLETION OF STREAMFLOW BY PUMP IRRIGATION 111
60 | I I I I I I I 187.6
01
o 73.0
^ 40 58.4 O
43.8
ro o 29.2
-o
1930 1940 1950 I960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

By U S Buraou of Reclamation(1952)
FIC-CKE 39. Estimated rate of development of irrigation with ground water.
In estimating the annual rate of irrigation development from

ground-water sources in the irrigable areas (fig. 39), the Bureau of
Reclamation assumed that only about half the irrigable land would be
developed, even after many years. The development may be re-
tarded during years of more than normal precipitation, when the
incentive to change from dryland to irrigation farming is lessened.
In a series of drought years, however, or even years of average pre-
cipitation, the estimated rate of development of irrigation wells may
be exceeded. Irrigation development is related also to the farm
economy, including low-cost power and the market price of crops.
The reconnaissance land-suitability survey indicated that topography
and soil are the principal factors, other than the availability of water,
that would control the development of irrigation.
The irrigable land along Spring and Stinking Water Creeks (block
C) was estimated to include 2,500 acres, all underlain by alluvium.
About 600 acres was irrigated during 1953, and it was assumed that
about 950 acres more, in small tracts, would be developed during the
next 50 years.
The irrigable land in the Frenchman Creek valley (block G] was
estimated to comprise about 2,600 acres, also underlain by alluvium
but having somewhat heavier soil than that along Stinking Water
Creek. The land in the valley is readily irrigable because it is level or
only gently rolling. About 1,100 acres was irrigated by water from
wells and from the stream during 1953; about 1,125 additional acres
is expected to be irrigated by ground water by 1999.
On the basis of the land-suitability survey, it was estimated that
irrigation in the remainder of the area in which pumping of ground
water for irrigation might eventually deplete the flow of Frenchman
Creek would be developed during a period of 40 years. This land is
underlain by the Ogallala formation, and about 50,000 acres is suitable
for irrigation. About 5,000 acres was irrigated by water from wells
during 1953, and about 20,000 additional acres is expected to be irri-
gated by ground water by 1989.
Thus, the estimates of rate of development were based on the
assumption that the development will be completed between 1989
and 1999. The computations of depletion, which follow, show only
a slight increase in acreage irrigated after 1989, the increase after
1989 being restricted to blocks C and G. The computations were
based on 6 periods of time, each being 10 years longer than the pre-
ceding one so that the last interval spans a 60-year period, from 1949
to 2008. Each period begins with data for 1949, even though some
land was developed before 1949. Depletion was not computed for
acreage in the stream valleys now irrigated by ground water pumped
from wells because, theoretically, wells in the stream valleys at the
time of this study already were obtaining indirectly more than 90
percent of their yield from the streams.
The approximate ground-water contribution (base flow) to the
flow of Frenchman, Stinking Water, and Spring Creeks had to be
determined to enable computation of the depletion in the streamflow
that might be caused by future withdrawal of ground water for irri-
gation. Therefore, the flow in those creeks was measured on October
23, 1952, at 28 places, including 7 permanent stream-gaging stations
(pi. 10). The date in October was chosen because previous heavy
frosts had minimized evapotranspiration and because the meagerness
of precipitation during the preceding weeks had minimized the
overland-runoff contribution to the streams. As Frenchman Creek
is fed primarily by ground water, any overland runoff is of short
duration and can be considered to be negligible. The streamflow
measurements on October 23, 1952, therefore, are thought by the
writers to represent the base flow, or the actual contribution of ground
water to the streamflow upstream from each point of measurement.
The base flow, so determined, was taken to represent the average
annual base flow; and the base-flow measurements were extrapolated
to derive the average annual discharge, in acre-feet, which then was
plotted on the hydrographs shown in figures 40-42. The computed
rate of flow at the gaging station downstream from Imperial, Nebr.
(at the proposed Harvey damsite) was 57,000 acre-feet per year,
ANNUAL STREAMFLOW, IN THOUSANDS OF ACRE-FEET PER YEAR
8 g & s s s §
xoiiiVOiaai JPIHJ ia AioajKvaa,is
12
EXPLANATION Confluence with Stinking
Water Creek
(£ A 20
UJ
Point of supplementary stream-
a: 10 flow measurement, Oct. 23,
1952
UJ
0.
Point on median line or center

£ of stream at base of per-
pendicular to centroid of block
5 10 15 20
DISTANCE, IN MILES, BELOW POINT OF EFFLUENCE
FIGUBE 41. Streamflow and its computed depletion in Spring Creek upstream from its confluence with
Stinking Water Creek, near Palisade, Nebr.
which compared favorably with the measured average annual rate

of flow of 55,000 acre-feet during the 7-year period 1946-52.
COMPUTATIONS
The computations of average annual depletion of streamflow that

may be caused by the development of ground water for irrigation
involve the following factors and information: (1) the distance of
the pumped well from the stream; (2) the coefficient of transmissi-
bility of the aquifer; (3) the specific yield of the aquifer (assumed to
be the same as the coefficient of storage); (4) the pumping time; (5)
the rate of development of ground water for irrigation (estimated);
(6) the pumping rate; (7) the annual consumptive use of water per
acre irrigated; (8) the rate of evapotranspiration; (9) the average
annual streamflow; (10) the Theis-Conover chart (fig. 43); and (11)
the nonequilibrium formula as applied by Theis (1941). Each of
O.
M
H-
C
O
tn
C omputed average annual P alisa de
AOF
YEAR
PER
TCIN
SHRETORUE-SFAEMNFDLTOSW,
ANNUAL streamflow; based on \ k28
measurements made on , ^
Oct. 23, 1952 . ^-
\. ^
-- -
^-~
^'
,-~- ^^-^
C onflijenc e w th ^--
- ann ual strec m-
Spr ngC:ree ***
^ stimflcated
>w byye,ar2(DOS
I
P^ EXPLANATION
1 ? A 27
Permanent stream-gaging
station
-1
I A26
t
1 Point of supplementary
streamflow measurement,
Oct. 23, 1952
26
^ L±
^-:
-^ ^
i Dep etior1 CU rve 1 or
25 **' = = =r- year 20 )8-
24 =^ -
^ A %
23 V* - -
^^
/
) 5 10 15 20 25 30
DISTANCE , IN MILES, BELOW POINT OF EFFLUENCE
FIGURE 42. Streamflow and its computed depletion in Stinking Water Creek upstream from Palisade, Nebr.
these elements in the computations will be treated in turn. As a

possible refinement to the computations a twelfth factor, namely,
the ratio between the solutions for depleting a stream of finite length
and a stream of infinite length, was examined. The ratio was not
used, however, for reasons stated in a following paragraph.
To simplify computations, it was assumed that all ground water
required in each block of irrigable land was pumped at one point.
The distance from that point (centroid of the block) to the stream
was measured (except for blocks C and G) along a perpendicular
(pi. 10) erected from the centerline of the stream if the distance was
3 miles or less; or from the median line of the stream if the distance
was more than 3 miles. This distance, in miles, is the factor a indi-
cated on the Theis-Conover chart (fig. 43) and the factor YQ in the
Muskat formula, discussed on page 120 in this study.
By means of the transmissibility map (pi. 7), a coefficient of 200,000
gpd per ft was selected for block G; 140,000 and 130,000 gpd per ft
for blocks C and N, respectively; and 175,000 gpd per ft for each of
the remaining blocks.
The specific yield of the aquifers, treated in a preceding section on
the hydrologic properties of water-bearing materials, was assumed
to be 20 percent for aquifers underlying all blocks of irrigable land.
For convenience, the pumping times were selected in 10-year
cumulative increments spanning a 60-year study period from 1949
to 2008, inclusive.
It was assumed that the withdrawal of water from the ground-water
reservoir through wells would be at a constant rate throughout the
year. Actually, however, pumping is sporadic and generally is
heaviest during the growing season. The water table declines during
the pumping period; when pumping ceases, the water table recovers
and approaches, reaches, or exceeds the original static level, according
to available recharge.
Data presented in table 16 indicate that the quantity of water
pumped per irrigated acre per year (1949-53) ranged from 0.72 to
2.24 acre-feet and averaged about 1.5 acre-feet. The aquifer tests
(figs. 26, 27) indicate that some of the water pumped percolates
downward and returns to the aquifer. Therefore, in this study, it is
assumed that annual net withdrawal of ground water is about 1 acre-
foot of water per acre irrigated.
When the withdrawal of ground water causes a regional decline of
the water table, the points of effluence of streams will move down-
stream, and evapotranspiration along the streams will be reduced.
Also, the space made available by the unwatering of sediments then
can be utilized in the capture and subsurface storage of a part of the
overland runoff previously rejected because of lack of storage space.
Because the computations indicate that the point of effluence of

Frenchman Creek will move downstream 5 miles by the year 2008
(fig. 40), a total of 500 acre-feet per year then will be salvaged as
a result of the regional decline of the water table, an amount about
equal to 1 percent of the average annual streamflow of Frenchman
Creek at Palisade, Nebr. Therefore, in this study, it is assumed
that the net effect of the reduction of evapotranspiration and the
increase in salvage of overland runoff caused by the point of effluence
having moved downstream will be negligible.
It was discovered during this study that the average annual stream-
flow could be derived fairly accurately from the flow measured on
October 23, 1952; and that it is about 57,000 acre-feet in Frenchman
Creek at the gaging station near Imperial, Nebr.; about 76,000 acre-
feet in Frenchman Creek at the gaging station at Palisade, Nebr.;
about 10,000 acre-feet at the mouth of Spring Creek; and about 22,000
acre-feet in Stinking Water Creek at the gaging station near Palisade,
Nebr. (See p. 112.)
Of the ground water pumped to irrigate the lands in each block
during each year of the six study periods, the percentage that should
be ascribed to depletion of streamflow was determined from the
Theis-Conover chart (fig. 43). To use the chart, it is necessary to
know or assume 'the following: (1) the distance a between the
center of pumping and the nearby stream, (2) the coefficient of trans-
missibility (T) of the aquifer, (3) the specific yield (S) of the aquifer,
and (4) the pumping time (i).
The example given in figure 43 indicates that a well (block B, pi.
10), 3.6 miles from a stream of infinite length, that has been pumping
for a period of 10 years from an aquifer having a coefficient of trans-
missibility of 175,000 gpd per ft and a specific yield of 20 percent is
obtaining 52 percent of its yield by diversion of flow that otherwise
would reach the stream.
The Theis-Conover chart was used in determining the percentages
for each block, which then were converted into rates (acre-feet per
year) of streamflow depletion at the end of each 10-year study period
and totaled as shown in tables 25 and 26.
The use of the Theis nonequilibrium formula for these stream-
depletion studies was based on the assumptions given in the section
of this report dealing with aquifer tests. The application of this
formula, as stated by Theis (1941), and the development of the
Theis-Conover chart, are restricted to aquifers that contact a line
source of infinite length. As the segments of the streams considered
in this study are finite in length, the ratio of depletion of a finite
stream to that of an infinite stream needed to be ascertained to
determine if any further refinement or adjustment of the depletion
S/T
-"
*" - ..irr6 ... ,in-5 >in-4 -i-irt-3
3 456789 00
Graphical solution of percent (P) of

pumped water taken from stream of
infinite length:
S=Specific yield (assumed = coef-
ficient of storage)
7= Coefficient of transmissibihty,
in gallons per day per foot
a = Distance, in miles, from pu
well to river
/ = Time, in years, since pumping
began
Example, Block B
» = 3.6 miles
S/r=0.20/175,000 = 1.14x'10-6
t= 10 years
P= 52 percent
DAYS
30 45 607590120150180 270
I I I I I I I I I
r=TIME, IN YEARS, SINCE PUMPING BEGAN

FIGUEE 43. Theis-Oonover chart for determining the percentage of pumped water being diverted from a stream of infinite length to analyze the effect
of a well on the flow of a nearby stream (Oonover, 1954).
O
§
<
H
0
H
hfl
TABLE 25. Depletion of streamflow in Frenchman Creek from the point of effluence to the gaging station near Imperial, Nebr., 1 and to the f
gaging station at Palisade, Nebr.2 ^
ra
ti
[Measurements in acre-feet per year] O
&
Depletion at gaging station near Imperial Flow at Depletion at Flow at 2
gaging gaging station gaging ^
station at Palisade station OD
Period of depletion Block ' near at ^
Total Imperial Palisade gj
at end of Block G Total at end of ^
A B D E F H I J K L M period period C
655 30 260 265 94 c

£1^0 i1, ftftft 74,000 E|
1949-58. _____________ -- 125 35 10 135 35 25 OUU 55,000 220 2,000
1959... - _ 260 1,795 65 640 875 85 35 460 890 115 110 5,300 52, 000 445 5,800 70, 000 2
1969-78 405 3, 100 105 1,050 1,650 140 70 865 1,720 210 240 9,600 47,000 670 10,000 66,000 ^
4,280 135 1, 385 2, 415 1AC QQK 62,000 ^
1979-88 ________________ 505 185 1UU 1,280 2,590 305 395 14,000 43,000 O*7O 14,000
1989-98 520 4, 800 150 1, 485 2, 870 205 130 1,525 3,170 365 530 16, 000 41,000 1,120 17,000 O»/, WVJ
EQ nnn .J
^
1999-2008. 525 5, 075 150 1, 535 3, 120 205 140 1,655 3,525 395 615 1 / , VAAJ
17 nnn 40, 000 1,125 18, 000 58,000 ^
^
1 Streamflow in Frenchman Creek at gaging station near Imperial is assumed to have been 57,000 acre-feet per year (projected from base-flow measurements made on Oct. 23, 1952).
2 Streamflow in Frenchman Creek at gaging station at Palisade is assumed to have been 76,000 acre-feet per year (projected from base-flow measurements made on Oct. 23,1952).
3 See plate 10 for area of block, in acres, and distance from centroid of block to median line of stream, in miles.
o
i
TABLE 26. Depletion of streamflow in Spring Creek from the point of effluence
to the mouth of Spring Creek 1 and depletion of flow in Stinking Water Creek
from the point of effluence to the gaging station near Palisade, Nebr.2
[Measurements in acre-feet per year]
Depletion at mouth of Flow at

Spring Creek Flow at Depletion upstream gaging
mouth of from gaging station station
Period of depletion Spring near Palisade near
Block s Creek at Palisade at
Total end of end of
period period
N c< Block C * Total
1949-58------_-_ 95 45 100 9,900 140 300 21, 700

1959-68--------- 260 95 400 9,600 280 600 21, 400
1969-78_-----_-- 445 140 600 9,400 425 1,000 21, 000
1979-88__----___ 610 190 800 9, 200 565 1,400 20, 600
1989-98--------- 685 235 900 9, 100 710 1, 600 20, 400
1999-2008_._-___ 725 240 1,000 9,000 710 1, 700 20, 300
1 Streamflow at mouth of Spring Creek is assumed to have been 10,000 acre-feet per year (projected from
base-flow measurements made on Oct. 23,1952).
2 Streamflow in Stinking Water Creek at gagin? station near Palisade is assumed to have been 22,000
acre-feet per year (projected from base-flow measurements made on Oct. 23. 1952).
s See plate 10 for area of block, in acres, and distance from centroid of block to median line of stream,
in miles.
4 Assumed that 25 percent of block C will cause a depletion of Spring Creek, and 75 percent will cause
a depletion of Stinking Water Creek.
computations appeared warranted. J. G. Ferris, of the Geological

Survey (personal communication to V. C. Fishel, Jan. 6, 1953),
recommended the use of two steady-state formulas developed by
Muskat (1937, p. 178, 191). The required ratio is expressed as
Qf /Qt in which Qf is the flow intercepted by a well that induces in-
filtration from a nearby line source (stream) of finite length and Qi is
the flow intercepted by a well that induces infiltration from a nearby
line source of infinite length.
From Muskat (1937, p. 191, equation 16) the steady-state flow
from a finite line source to a discharging well that induces infiltration
therefrom is given by:
2irk(pe pw)
l°Se-~\ -
4?7 I (1)
'w L.C
where r02 =x02 -\-y02; and where x0' y0' and c are as shown by figure 44.
Also from Muskat (1937, p. 178, equation 8), the steady-state
flow from an infinite line source to a discharging well is given by:
(2)
/z loge 2d/rt
where
d=Y0 in terminology of equation (1) and
figure 44.
Well
Finite line source 1

-c
FIGURE 44. Diagram showing system corresponding to the flow from a finite-line source into a well.
After Muskat (1937, p. 187).
Trial computations of the ratio Qf/Qt substituting appropriately

in equations (1) and (2), yielded values in the range 0.90 1.00.
Inasmuch as Muskat's formulas are for steady-state conditions, and
throughout much of the study periods analyzed in this report pumping
would not have reached steady state, the computed values of Qf/Qi
would be too low. Thus, true values of the ratio generally would
approximate unity, obviating the need for their use in additional
refining of the depletion computations.
When the upper part of Frenchman Creek no longer is effluent,
wells in parts or all of blocks A, B, F, and M will intercept more
water that otherwise would have reached the stream, and the water
655012 O - 63 - 9
table will continue to decline. Eventually, sufficient natural dis-

charge thus should be intercepted to balance the amount pumped.
This "change in point of diversion" will not change the overall effect
of the pumping in depleting the flow of Frenchman Creek.
The total of the rates of depletion of Frenchman Creek upstream
from Enders Reservoir for the end of each study period is shown in
column 13 of table 25 and the sum of the rates of depletion of French-
man Creek upstream from Palisade, Nebr., in column 16. The total
of the rates of depletion of Spring Creek upstream from its confluence
with Stinking Water Creek is shown in column 4 of table 26, and the
sum of the rates of depletion of Stinking Water Creek upstream from
Palisade is given in column 7.
The total depletion of streamflow in Frenchman Creek upstream
from Enders Reservoir (column 13, table 25) subtracted from the
streamflow at the gaging station near Imperial, Nebr., during 1949
gives the amount of residual streamflow per year at that gaging
station (column 14) or the amount of residual streamflow per year
entering Enders Reservoir. The total depletion in Frenchman Creek
upstream from Palisade (column 16, table 25) subtracted from the
streamflow at the gaging station at Palisade during 1949 gives the
amount of residual streamflow per year at the Palisade gaging station
(column 17). The total depletion for Spring Creek upstream from
its confluence with Stinking Water Creek (column 4, table 26)- sub-
tracted from the streamflow at its mouth during 1949 gives the amount
of residual streamflow per year at the mouth of Spring Creek (column
5). The total depletion for Stinking Water Creek upstream from
Palisade (column 7, table 26) subtracted from the streamflow at the
gaging station near Palisade during 1949 gives the amount of residual
streamflow per year in Stinking Water Creek at the gaging station
near Palisade (column 8).
A summary of tables 25 and 26 is given in figures 40 to 42. The
streamflow by the year 2008 can be estimated from figures 40 to 42 by
subtracting the depletion curve from the base-measurement curve
of October 23, 1952, which represents average streamflow.
CONCLUSIONS
The preceding computations of the depletion of streamflow indicate
that the assumed irrigation development would reduce the average
annual ground-water discharge into Enders Reservoir by about 30
percent by the year 2008. The point of effluence will move from its
present position downstream as much as 5 miles, along the median
line of Frenchman Creek upstream from Enders Reservoir, or about
a fourth of the initial 21-mile length of the median line. As the rate
of streamflow in 1949 at the gaging station near Imperial was 57,000
SELECTED REFERENCE'S 123
acre-feet per year and the computed depletion of streamflow at that

station after a 60-year period is 17,000 acre-feet per year, the residual
streamflow will be 40,000 acre-feet in the year 2008.
The computed depletion of streamflow in Frenchman Creek at the
gaging station at Palisade, at the end of the 60-year period, is 18,000
acre-feet per year; thus, by the year 2008, the residual streamflow in
Frenchman Creek at the gaging station at Palisade would be about
60,000 acre-feet per year.
The computations of depletion of the flow in Spring and Stinking
Water Creeks indicate that the streamflow at the gaging station near
Palisade would be reduced about 10 percent by the year 2008. The
present point of effluence would be moved 1 or 2 miles downstream
along the median line of Spring Creek, whereas the point of effluence
of Stinking Water Creek would remain approximately at its present
(1953) location. The streamflow at the mouth of Spring Creek on
October 23, 1952, was at the rate of 10,000 acre-feet per year. The
computed depletion of streamflow at the end of the 60-year period was
1,000 acre-feet per year; thus, by the year 2008, the residual stream-
flow at the mouth of Spring Creek would be about 9,000 acre-feet
per year. The streamflow of Stinking Water- Creek at the gaging
station near Palisade on October 23, 1952, was at the rate of 22,000
acre-feet per year. The computed depletion of streamflow, for the
end of the 60-year period, was 1,700 acre-feet per year; thus, by the
year 2008, the residual streamflow at the gaging station near Palisade
would be about 20,000 acre-feet per year. The combined streamflow
of Frenchman and Stinking Water Creeks at their confluence near
Palisade was at the rate of 98,000 acre-feet per year in 1952. The
computed depletion of streamflow at the confluence of these 2 streams
near Palisade at the end of a 60-year period was 20,000 acre-feet per
year; thus, by the year 2008, the residual streamflow of Frenchman and
Stinking Water Creeks near Palisade will be about 78,000 acre-feet
per year. This is the amount that will be available for diversion at
Palisade.
The preceding estimates represent streamflow contributed wholly
from ground water. During some periods of heavy precipitation, the
actual streamflow will be greater because of overland storm runoff.
Therefore, the streamflow into Enders Keservoir by the year 2008
should exceed the estimation, 40,000 acre-feet per year, and the
streamflow average at the confluence of Frenchman and Stinking
Water Creeks should exceed the estimation, 78,000 acre-feet per year.
SELECTED REFERENCES
American Public Health Association, 1946, Standard methods for the examination
of water and sewage: New York, Am. Public Health Assoc. and Am. Water
Works Assoc., 9th ed., 286 p.
American Society of Civil Engineers, 1949, Hydrology handbook: Am. Soc. Civil
Engineers, Manuals Eng. Practice, no. 28, 184 p., 68 figs.
Anderson, K. E., 1951, Water well handbook: Missouri Water Well Drillers
Assoc., 200 p.
Bennison, E. W., 1947, Ground water, its development, uses and conservation:
St. Paul, Minn., Edward E. Johnson, Inc., 509 p.
Bjorklund, L. J., and Brown, R. F., 1957, Geology and ground-water resources
of the lower South Platte River valley between Hardin, Colorado, and Pax-
ton, Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1378, 431 p., 4 pis., 17
figs.
Blair, R. W., 1951, Subsurface geologic cross sections of Mesozoic rocks in north-
eastern Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Chart OC-42, 2 sheets.
Bosch, H. M., and others, 1950, Methemoglobinemia and Minnesota well sup-
plies: Am. Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 42, no. 2, p. 161-170.
Bradley, Edward, and Johnson, C. R., 1957, Geology and ground-water hydrology
of the valleys of the Republican and Frenchman Rivers, Nebraska: U.S.
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1360-H, p. 589-713, pis. 37-43, figs. 74-81.
1957, Ground-water resources of the Ladder Creek area in Kansas: Kansas
Geol. Survey Bull. 126, 192 p., 11 pis., 21 figs.
Brown, L. A., Romine, D. A., Burdick, R. T., and Kezer, Alvin, 1944, Land types
in eastern'Colorado: Colorado Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 486, 45 p., 2 pis., 27 figs.
Brown, R. F., 1950, Ground water in the vicinity of Brush, Colorado: Colorado
Water Conserv. Board Circ. 2, 31 p., 2 pis.
Brown, R. H., 1953, Selected procedures for analyzing aquifer test data: Am.
Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 45, no. 8, p. 844-866.
Burbank, W. S., Lovering, T. S., Goddard, E. N., and Eckel, E. B., 1935, Geologic
map of Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey.
Cardwell, W. D. E., 1953, Irrigation-well development in the Kansas River basin
of eastern Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 295, 72 p., 3 pis., 5 figs.
Code, W. E., 1929, Construction of irrigation wells in Colorado: Colorado Agr.
Expt. Sta. Bull. 350, p. 1-22.
1943, Use of ground water for irrigation in the South Platte River valley of
Colorado: Colorado Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 483, 44 p., 1 pi., 17 figs.
Comly, H. H., 1945, Cyanosis in infants caused by nitrates in well water: Am.
Med. Assoc. Jour., v. 129, no. 2, p. 112-116.
Condra, G. E., 1907, Geology and water resources of the Republican River valley
and adjacent areas, Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 216,
71 p., 13 pis., 3 figs.
Condra, G. E., and Reed, E. C., 1943, The geological section of Nebraska:
Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 14, 82 p., 25 figs.
1950, Geologic map of Nebraska: Nebraska Geol. Survey.
Condra, G. E., Reed, E. C., and Gordon, E. D., 1947, Correlation of the Pleistocene
deposits of Nebraska: Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 15, 69 p., 15 figs.
Conover, C. S., 1954, Ground-water conditions in the Rincon and Mesilla Valleys
and adjacent areas in New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper
1230, 200 p., 9 pis., 15 figs.
Dane, C. H., and Pierce, W. G., 1936, Dawson and Laramie formations in the
southeastern part of the Denver Basin: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 20, no. 10, p. 1308-1328, 1 pi., 2 figs.
Dane, C. H., Pierce, W. G., and Reeside, J. B., Jr., 1937, The stratigraphy of the
Upper Cretaceous rocks north of the Arkansas River in eastern Colorado:
U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 186-K, p. 207-232, pis. 64, 65.
SELECTED REFERENCES 125
Darton, N. H., 1899, Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of
Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian: U.S. Geol. Survey
19th Ann. Rept., pt. 4-C, p. 719-785.
1905, Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources
of the central Great Plains: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 32, 432 p., 72 pis.,
18 figs.
Darton, N. H., and others, 1915, Guidebook of the Western United States, Part C,
The Santa Fe Route, with a side trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado:
U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 613, 200 p., 42 pis., 25 maps.
Dean, H. T., Jay, Philip, Arnold, F. A., Jr., and Elvove, Elias, 1941, Domestic
water and dental caries: Public Health Repts., v. 56, p. 716.
Eaton, F. M., 1935, Boron in soils and irrigation water and its effect on plants, with
particular reference to San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Dept. Agriculture
Tech. Bull. 448, 132 p.
Elias, M. K., 1931, The Geology of Wallace County, Kans.: Kansas Geol. Survey
Bull. 18, 254 p., 42 pis., 7 figs.
1937, Geology of Rawlins and Decatur Counties, Kans., with special refer-
ence to water resource;3: Kansas Geol. Survey Mineral Res. Circ. 13, 25 p.,
2 pis., 2 figs.
Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of Western United States: New York,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 534 p., 173 figs., map.
Ferris, J. G., 1948, Ground-water hydraulics as a geophysical aid: Michigan Dept.
Conserv., Geol. Survey Div. Tech. Rept. 1, 12 p.
Frye, J. C., and Fent, O. S., 1947, The late Pleistocene loesses of central Kansas:
Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 70, pt. 3, 23 p., 2 pis., 3 figs.
Frye, J. C., and Leonard, A. B., 1952, Pleistocene geology of Kansas: Kansas
Geol. Survey Bull. 99, 230 p., 19 pis., 17 figs.
Galbreath,' E. C., 1953, Vertebrata A contribution to the Tertiary geology and
paleontology of northeastern Colorado: Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., art.
4, 120 p., 2 pis., 26 figs.
George, R. D., 1913, Geologic map of Colorado: Colorado Geol. Survey.
Goddard, E. N., chm., and others, 1948, Rock-color chart: Washington, Natl.
Research Council (republished by Geol. Soc. America, 1951).
Hague, Arnold, and Emmons, S. F., 1877, Descriptive geology: U.S. Geol. Explor.
40th Parallel (King), v. 2, 890 p.
Hay, Robert, 1895, Water resources of a portion of the Great Plains: U.S. Geol.
Survey 16th Ann. Rept., pt. 2-F, p. 535-588.
Hill, D. R., and Tompkin, J. M., 1953, General and engineering geology of the
Wray area, Colorado and Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1001, 65 p., 1 pi.,
JO figs.
Jacob, C. E., 1947, Drawdown test to determine effective radius of artesian well:
Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 112, p. 1047-1064, 8 figs.
Johnson, W. D., 1901, The High Plains and their utilization: U.S. Geol. Survey
21st Ann. Rept., pt. 4-C, p. 601-741.
Judson, S. S., Jr., 1950, Depressions of the northern portion of the southern High
Plains of eastern New Mexico: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 61, no. 3,
p. 253-274.
King, Clarence, 1878, Systematic geology: U.S. Geol. Explor. 40thParallel
Rept., v. 1, 803 p.
Lambert, W. V., 1953, Summary of results of the Nebraska tractor tests: Nebraska
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 397.
Lee, W. T., Stone, R. W., Gale, H. S., and others, 1915, Guidebook of the Western
United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone
Park: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 612, 244 p., 50 pis., 29 route maps.
Lohman, S. W., 1953a, High Plains of west-central United States, general aspects,
Chap. 4 of U.S. Cong., House Comm. Interior and Insular Affairs,'Subsurface
facilities of water management and patterns of supply type area studies, p.
70-78.
1953b, Sand Hills area, Nebraska, Chap. 5 of U.S. Cong., House Comm.
Interior and Insular Affairs, Subsurface facilities of water management and
patterns of supply type area studies, p. 79-91.
Lovering, T. S., 1929, Geologic history of the Front Range, Colorado: Colorado
Sci. Soc. Proc., v. 12, no. 4, p. 59-111, 7 figs.
Lovering, T. S., Aurand, H. A., Lavington, C. S., and Wilson, J. H., 1932, Fox
Hills formation, northeastern Colorado: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists
Bull., v. 16, no. 4, p. 702-703.
Lowry, R. L., and Johnspn, A. F., 1942, Consumptive use of water for agriculture:
Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Trans., v. 107, No. 2158, p. 1243-1266, 2 figs.
Lugn, A. L., 1934, Outline of Pleistocene geology of Nebraska; Pt. 1, in Lugn, A. L.,
and Schultz, C. B., The geology and mammalian fauna of the Pleistocene of
Nebraska: Nebraska State Mus. Bull. 41, v. 1, p. 319-356.
1935, The Pleistocene geology of Nebraska: Nebraska Geol. Survey Buil.
10, 2d ser., 223 p., 2 pis., 38 figs.
1939, Classification of the Tertiary system in Nebraska: Geol. Soc.
America Bull., v. 50, no. 8, p. 1245-1275.
Lugn, A. L., and Wenzel, L. K., 1938, Geology and ground-water resources of
south-central Nebraska, with special reference to the Platte River valley
between Chapman and Gothenburg: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper
779, 242 p., 16 pis., 21 figs.
Mather, K. F., Gilluly, James, and Lusk, R. G., 1928, Geology and oil and gas
prospects of northeastern Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 796-B, p. 65-124,
5 pis.
Maxcy, K. F., 1950, Report on the relation of nitrate concentrations in well waters
to the occurrence of methemoglobinemia: Natl. Research Council Bull.,
Sanitary Engineer, p. 265, app. D.
McCall, K.D., 1944, Growth of irrigation in Scott County, Kansas: Kansas
State Board Agriculture Report, v. 63, no. 262, 31 p., 14 figs.
McLaughlin, T. G., 1946, Geology and ground-water resources of parts of Lincoln,
Elbert, and El Paso Counties, Colo.: Colorado Water Conserv. Board,
Ground-Water Ser. Bull. 1, 139 p., 6 pis., 15 figs.
1948, Ground water in the Julesburg area, Colorado: Colorado Water
Conserv. Board Circ. 1, 20 p., 2 figs.
Meek, F. B., and Hayden, F. V., 1851, Descriptions of new species and genera of
fossils collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Territory; with some
remarks on the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of the Northwest:
Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci. Proc. 1857, v. 9, p. 117-148.
1861, Description of new Lower Silurian (Primordial), Jurassic, Cretaceous,
and Tertiary fossils, collected in Nebraska Territory, with some remarks on
the rocks from which they were obtained: Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci.
Proc. 1861, v. 13, p. 415-447.
Meeks, T. O., 1952, Developing and testing irrigation wells: U.S. Soil Conserv.
Service, Region 6, Bull. 114, Geol. Ser. 4., 42 p.
SELECTED KEFERENiCEIS 127
Meinzer, O. E., 1923a, The occurrence of ground water in the United States, with
a discussion of principles: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 489
321 p., 31 pis., 110 figs.
Meinzer, 0. E., and Wenzel, L. K., 1942, Movement of ground water and its
relation to head, permeability, and storage, in Hydrology (Physics of the
earth, pt. 9): New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., p. 444-477.
1923b, Outline of ground-water hydrology, with definitions: U.S. Geol.
Survey Water-Supply Paper 494, 71 p., 35 figs.
1942, Occurrence, origin, and discharge of ground water, in Meinzer,
O. E., ed., Physics of the earth, pt. 9, Hydrology: New York, McGraw-Hill
Book Co., p. 385-443.
Meyer, A. F., 1928, The Elements of hydrology: New York, John Wiley & Sons,
522 p.
Moore, R. C., 1933, Historical geology: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
673 p., 413 figs.
Muskat, Morris, 1937, The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media:
New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 763 p., 284 figs.
Newell, F. H., 1895, The public lands and their water supply: U.S. Geol. Survey
16th Ann. Kept., pt. 2-E, p. 457-533.
Osborn, C. A., Dermeyer, R. D., and Nesbitt, A. P., 1947, Geologic report of the
Wray damsite, North Republican Unit, Missouri Basin Project: Indianola,
Nebr., U.S. Dept. Interior, Bur. Reclamation, 10 p., 7 pis., 3 figs.
Paulsen, C. G., 1952, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1947: U.S.
Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1102, 651 p.
Presc.ott, G. C., Jr., 1952, Geology and ground-water resources of Cheyenne
County, Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 100, 106 p., 8 pis., 10 figs.
1953, Geology and ground-water resources of Sherman County, Kansas:
Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 105, 130 p., 11 pis., 12 figs.
Rankin, C. H., Jr., 1933, Study of well sections in northeastern Colorado: Am.
Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 17, no. 4, p. 422-432.
Rapp, J. R., Warner, D. A., and Morgan, A. M., 1953, Geology and ground-
water resources of the Egbert-Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, Laramie County,
Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1140, 66 p., 3 pis., 4 figs.
Rogers, R. F., and Wolfanger, L. A., 1917, Soil survey of Chase County, Nebr.:
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Bur. Soils, Advance Sheets-Field Operations, 66 p.
Rohwer, Carl, 1940, Small irrigation pumping plants: U.S. Dept. Agriculture
Farmers Bull. 1857, 30 p.
1950, The hydraulics of water wells: Fort Collins, Colo., U.S. Soil Conserv.
Service, 15 p., 4 figs.
Schuchert, Charles, and Dunbar, C. O., 1941, A textbook of geology, pt. 2,
Historical geology: 4th ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons, 544 p., 17 pis.,
343 figs.
Scofield, C. S., 1936, The salinity of irrigation water: Smithsonian Inst. Annual
Report, p. 275-287.
Smith, H. T. U., 1940, Geologic studies in southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geol.
Survey Bull. 34, 212 p., 34 pis., 22 figs.
Theis, C. V., 1935, The relation between the lowering of the piezometric surface
and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using ground-water storage:
Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 16th Ann. Mtg., pt. 2, p. 519-524.
1941, The effect of a well on the flow of a nearby stream: Am. Geophys.
Union Trans., 22d Ann. Mtg., pt. 3, p. 734-738.
Tolman, C. F., 1937, Ground water: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 593 p.,
189 figs.
Twenhofel, W. H., 1924, The geology and invertebrate paleontology of the
Comanchean and "Dakota" formations of Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey
Bull. 9, 135 p., 23 pis.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1958, Quality of surface waters of the United States,
1953: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1291, 472 p.
U.S. Public Health Service, 1946, Drinking water standards: Public Health
Reports, v. 61. no. 11, p. 371-384.
Van Tuyl, F. M., Parker, B. H., and Fenwick, W. H., 1938, Geology and oil
resources of eastern Colorado: Mines Mag. [Colorado] v. 28, no. 5, p. 177-184.
Waite, H. A., Reed, E. C., and Jones, D. S., Jr., 1946, Ground water in the Re-
publican River basin in Nebraska: Nebraska Water Resources Survey
Water-Supply Paper 1, pt. 4, 38 p., 4 pis., 4 figs.
Waite, H. A., and others, 1948, Progress report on the ground-water hydrology
of the Republican and Frenchman River valleys: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 19,
83 p., 1 pi., 5 figs.
Waring, F. H., 1949, Significance of nitrates in water supplies: Am. Water Works
Assoc. Jour., v. 41, no. 2, p. 147-150.
Wenzel, L. K., 1942, Methods for determining permeability of water-bearing
materials, with special reference to discharging-well methods, with a section
on direct laboratory methods and a bibliography on permeability and laminar
flow, by V. C. Fishel: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 887, 192 p.,
6 pis., 17 figs.
Wenzel, L. K., Cady, R. C., and Waite, H. A., 1946, Geology and ground-water
resources of Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply
Paper 943, 150 p., 12 pis., 14 figs.
Wenzel, L. K., and Waite, H. A., 1941, Ground water in Keith County, Nebraska:
U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 848, 68 p., 8 pis., 2 figs.
White, C. A., 1878, Report on the geology of a portion of northwestern Colorado:
U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr. 10th Ann. Rept., 60 p.
Wilcox, L. V., 1948, The quality of water for irrigation use: U.S. Dept. Agri-
culture Tech. Bull. 962, 40 p.
Williams, C. C., and Lohman, S. W., 1949, Geology and ground-water resources
of a part of south-central Kansas, with special reference to the Wichita
municipal water supply: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 79, 455 p., 34 pis., 31
figs.
Wood, I. D., 1950, Pumping for irrigation: U.S. Soil Conserv. Service Tech.
Paper 89, 40 p.
BASIC DATA 129
BASIC DATA
"Sample logs" are those for which well cuttings were studied by
qualified geologists. Listed in the following pages are the sample
logs of 102 test holes. Seventy-two of the test holes were drilled
for or by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in the Frenchman Creek
basin. Nineteen were drilled for the U.S. Geological Survey in the
divide area between the South Platte and Frenchman Creek basins
in 1949 during the field investigations for a report on the geology
and ground-water resources of the lower South Platte River valley
between Hardin, Colo., and Paxton, Nebr. (Bjorklund and Brown,
1957); the samples from those test holes were studied by geolo-
gists on that project. Three of the test holes were drilled by pri-
vate drilling contractors for municipal, stock, or domestic water
supplies. Eight were seismograph shotholes or oil-test holes for
which well ciittings were studied microscopically by Nebraska
Geological Survey geologists. The well cuttings from all test holes,
other than those drilled in 1949 or otherwise noted, were collected
and studied by Cardwell and Spiegel. The locations of test holes
used in constructing the fence diagram (pi. 2) are shown on plate 6.
The sample logs are grouped in table 27 in alphabetical order ac-
cording to counties and in numerical order within counties, first
in Colorado and then in Nebraska.
The logs of 972 seismograph shotholes, test holes, and wells

presented in table 28 also are in alphabetical order by counties
and in numerical order within counties, first in Colorado and then
in Nebraska. The location of test holes used in constructing the
fence diagram (pi. 2) is shown on plate 6.
All drillers'logs are of seismograph shotholes unless otherwise

noted. The logs of seismograph shotholes are of doubtful value in
subdividing lithologic units; their principal value is that they re-
cord the depth to the top of bedrock at the site of the shothole.
The term "caliche" is siibstituted for "magnesia," "magnesia

rock," and "gyp rock," which are terms used by the drillers to
describe certain calcareous beds. The term "sandstone" is used
here as a substitute for the drillers' terms "sandstone," "sand
rock," and "sandyrock;" the term "sandstone" is used variously
for all sandy rocks from hard "mortar beds" to fairly well com-
pacted or cemented sand. Formational names have been added to
the drillers' logs.
Records of wells are presented in table 29 and measurements

of water levels in observation wells are presented in table 30.
___________________Toble 27. Sample logs of test holes ______________
LOGAN COUNTY, COLO.

Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-49-31ccc
[Drilled for U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952. Surface altitude, 4,344.7 ft]
Soil, silty, clayey,.medium-brown--------_-------_----------__ 5 5

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft to hard, white to buff; contains grains ranging from
sand to very fine gravel and thin layers of clay _------_---___- 18 23
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey_________________________ 2 25
Caliche; interbedded with clay, sand, and gravel __..-__...__.._. 18 43
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose ______________________ 22 65
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff; interbedded with clayey silt; contains
some very hard zones _____________________________________ 37 102
Clay, hard, brown; contains some caliche __-___--_______-_____- 11 113
Chadron formation:
Clay, silty, hard, green.....__...-_---..-----_--.___-_-.... 19 132
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green to gray with yellow stain;
interbedded with yellow clay..--________-_-___----------_--- 10 142
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow..__________________________________ 26 168
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow, gray, green, and pink _____________.-' 14 182
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow, light-blue, and pink. __----___-_-_.__ 20 202
Clay, hard, plastic, light-blue......._._-..-_-....-.-_-_--.__-- 12 214
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray _--_-.--_-__--__-_.-.-___-----.- 8 222
8-48-laaa
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy, silty, brown _..._.___________._.__..____..-..___- 4 4
Silt, clayey, brown __________________________________________ 3 7
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel _____________________________ 1 8
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty_.___-____._----_-__-----_- 2 10
Sand, medium to coarse, loose; contains very fine to very coarse
sand----_--_-__-_-----_-_---___-____-_--------___---_--_- 4 14
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, hard, white to buff; contains thin layers of clay___ 17 31
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _________.--___-__-___ 7 38
Caliche, hard to soft, buff; contains sand, gravel, and clay _-.____ 14 52
Caliche, clayey, sandy, gravelly, soft, buff _----_-------_--_-__- 9 61
Sand, very fine, to mediuir gravel, loose_______-_---_--_-_-___ 28 89
Clay, soft _______________________________________________ 2 91
Sand, very fine, to medium; gravel, loose ______--_._____-----_- 8 99
Clay, sandy, soft, buff to white ____________--_-___-__.--___-__ 3 102
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, clayey; interbedded with
layers of clay..---__-_____-______________-_.__-_--_--__-_- 17 119
Sand, fine, to fine gravel, loose; contains some layers of caliche- 12 131
Clay, sandy, soft, buff -_---___--___-_---_---_--___-------___- 5 136
Caliche, clayey, buff to white; contains sand and gravel.__.-_.___ 4 140
Clay, soft, buff_---_._-_______________________---_-._--_--_ 5 145
Clay, sandy, silty, light-tan ________----__-_-.--_---_-_------_ 11 156
Sand, medium to coarse, clayey; loose; contains very fine sand
to very fine graveL-----___--_-_-__--_-_--_-___--_-__---.__ 8 164
Clay, sandy, gravelly, hard, tan___________--____________-____- 4 168
Clay, sandy, gravelly, hard, tan; interbedded with caliche ________ 4 172
BASIC DATA 131
Table 27. Sample loss of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-48 -laaa Continued
Ogallala formation Continued

Clay, sandy, gravelly, hard, tan_____...._______________--_____ 10 182
Clay, sandy, silty, hard, tan.._..._._._.._...____.....______._ 22 204
Sand, medium to coarse; contains very fine sand to very fine
gravel and thin streaks of clay and caliche-_--_--__--_------_ 15 219
Caliche, sandy, soft, buff; contains thin streaks of hard caliche... 23 242
Caliche; interbedded with clay and sand-_-------_----------.__- 20 262
Brule formation:
Silt, clayey, sandy, light-brown; contains some layers of clay and
slightly cemented zones.-.__._--.--._-__---._--.--_---...__ 20 282
Siltstone, clayey, light-brown_________________________________ 42 324
Chadron formation:
Sandstone, fine-grained, light -green and blue.. _________________ 4 328
Clay, silty, hard, light-brown__----__________-________________ 9 337
Clay, silty, hard, light-blue; contains thin layers of white caliche. 15 352
Clay, hard, dense, light-blue; contains thin layers of white caliche. 30 382
Clay, hard, dense, light-blue, light-gray, pink, brown, andpurple__ 41 423
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray; and dark-gray shale_______-.____ 9 432
8-49-9daa
[Test hole for municipal well for town of Fleming (at site of observation well 8-49-9daa)
drilled by William Shocke, 1953. Surface altitude, 4,227.2 ft]
Soil, sandy, black ------__---___.____________________________ 3 3

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, clayey, red_________________ 17 20
Gravel, fine, loose, pink; contains very fine sand to medium gravel _ 6 26
Sand, medium, silty, slightly clayey, gray; contains coarse sand
to medium gravel _________________________________________ 8 34
Gravel, fine, silty, clayey, light-brown; contains very fine to very
coarse gravel-____________________________________________ 4 38
Gravel, fine, loose, pink; contains very fine sand to medium
grave) ____________________________________________________ 10 48
Gravel, fine, slightly clayey, fairly loose, pink; contains very fine
sand to medium gravel.-___-__-____________________________ 6 54
Sand, fine, silty, clayey; contains very fine sand to fine gravel____ 4 58
Sand, fine to coarse, loose, tan to pink__--_----_____-._________ 6 64
Sand, fine, fairly loose, tan; contains very fine sand to medium
gravel and water-worn pebbles of caliche____________________ 6 70
White River group:
Clay, silty, calcareous, sandy, medium-hard, tan _______________ 3 73
Clay, silty, calcareous, sandy, medium-hard, light-brown;
contains water-worn pebbles of caliche ______________________ 3 76
Silt, clayey, soft, gray _______________________________________ 6 82
Silt, clayey, calcareous, soft, light gray-green__________________ 14 96
Silt, clayey, slightly calcareous, soft, light pinkish-tan __________ 6 102
Silt, clayey, slightly calcareous, soft, light reddish-brown _______ 7 109
Silt, clayey, very calcareous, soft, light-gray_-.________________ 1 110
Silt, clayey, and gravel, medium gray_._--____________________ 8 118
Gravel, medium, loose; contains pebbles of caliche and medium to
very coarse sand._________________________________________ 6 124
Sand, medium, silty; contains streaks of red sandy clay and
pebbles of caliche______._____._..___.._.__._._.____.____.. 4 128
Sand, medium, silty, very calcareous, slightly cemented,
gray-green; contains pebbles of caliche.._____________._._._. 4 132
Table 27. Sample logs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-4 9 - 9daa-Continued
White River group-Continued

Caliche, very sandy, clayey, medium-soft, gray-green; contains
water-worn pebbles of caliche--_____-_---__._-__--_---__-. 31 163
Caliche, very sandy, silty, clayey, medium-soft, gray-green;
contains water-worn pebbles of caliche.____________________ 46 209
Clay, calcareous, medium-soft, gray__--------__-------_---_- 2 211
Sand, coarse, calcareous, medium-loose, gray-green; contains
pebbles of caliche________________________________________ 26 237
Sand, fine, calcareous, medium-loose, gray-green; contains
pebbles of caliche________________________________________ 2 239
Sand, fine, silty, calcareous, medium-loose, gray-green________ 1 240
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose, blue-green __________________ 6 246
Pierre shale:
Clay, medium-hard, gray and dark -blue _-___-_---_----__-_-_- ____2 248
8-49-31ccc
Soil, silty, clayey, brown _-______-___--____---___------_---- 3 3

Silt, clayey, buff; contains caliche______-___--_---------_---_- 3 6
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard, buff _______-_--____-_---_----_ 11.5 17.5
Sand, medium to very coarse, loose; contains very fine sand to
coarse gravel ___-_____-_____--___-__--__---__-_--------_ 23.5 41
Clay, sandy, hard, light-tan ________________-__--._--____-_-- 6 47
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff___________._-___--_.___-___--_--- 4.5 51.5
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose--.-----..------------ 5.5 57
Silt, clayey, sandy, gravelly..__......_-_----_---_-----_.---- 8 65
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose.______.__.._-_.-____ 12 77
Silt, clayey, sandy..________...--_____-_-__--..-.--.-----_-- 7.5 84.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose.._______________________ 11.5 96
Clay, sandy, brown; interbedded with layers of fine sand _______ 9 105
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff; interbedded with layers of sandy clay. 33 138
Sand, very fine to coarse____-_-_-._______.-_._----..._.--_-- 6 144
Sand, very fine to coarse, partly cemented with caliche____.____ 8 152
Sand, very fine to coarse..-_-___----__--_---___.-----_-----_ 2 154
Brule formation:
Siltstone, sandy, buff-._...._.____.__----------_____--_. 14 168
Silt, clayey, tan__...__.....__..____.__..___.-.-.-._ 18 186
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains come caliche....._--._----- 7 193
Claystone, tan; contains caliche..__._._--__--_-_-----_------ 26 219
Chadron formation:
Clay hard, dense, light-green and yellow.----_---------------- 23 242
Clay, hard, dense, light-green and yellow; interbedded with
layers of fine sand and claystone.---------..--------------- 16 258
Clay, dense, and claystone, light-blue, tan, green, yellow, and
pink_________...._.____._______.__________.__----- 82 340
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray._______.______-__._______----_ 9 349
BASIC DATA 133
Table 27. Sample Ions of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-50-4dab
[Test hole drilled for U.S. Geological Survey, 1949. Surface altitude, 3,812 ft]
Pleistocene and Recent deposits, undifferentiated:

Clay and sand, hard; brown___._______________________________ 7.5 7.5
Sand, fine to medium, light-brown_____________________________ 13.5 21
Gravel, medium, sandy, pink to tan______________._.___________ 2 23
Gravel, medium; contains fine sand and clay, tan to pink-tan _____ 20 43
Gravel, fine to medium; contains fine to coarse sand; pink to tan__ 20 63
Gravel, medium to coarse, and medium sand, pink to tan __-___- 40 103
Gravel, very fine to medium; contains coarse to medium sand;
stained yellow-brown with iron oxide ________----___-__-_-__. 112
Gravel, fine to medium, and siltstone, of Brule formation,
reworked, tan.____________________________________________ 11 123
Clay; contains medium to fine sand; buff to yellow. ______________ 5 128
Gravel, medium and coarse; and pink to tan sand, course ________ 3 136
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _________________________ 7 143
Sand, medium to fine; contains 20 percent fine to very fine
gravel; pink to tan.___--_______--_---__--__------____--__-- 10 153
Sand, medium to fine; contains 30 percent fine to medium gravel;
pink to tan._______________________________________________ 10 163
Gravel, coarse to medium, pink to tan; contains tan fine sand___._ 15.4 178.4
Pierre shale:
Clay and shale, yellow to brown...____________________________ 1.6 180
Shale, blue to black....._____________________________________ 3 183
9-50-4dd

Sand, fine to medium, brown____._---_--._.-_._._._._____..... 23 23
Sand, fine to medium; contains fine gravel and siltyclay; brown... 10 33
Sand, medium; contains some fine sand and fine gravel; brown ... 10 43
Sand, medium; contains some fine sand, brown _________________ 20 63
Sand, fine to medium; contains clay, buff to tan _________________ 10 73
Sand, very fine, light-brown..__._--_.--....-_..-..-.___...__. 7 80
Sand, course, and very fine gravel, pink to tan ...._-...__-__..- 13 93
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan _...._...._..__..__________ 10 103
Gravel, fine to coarse, pink to tan; contains tan to buff layers of
clay at 116.5 and 119.4 ft --.--.-__-_-_--.__._--_.__------ 33 136
Clay, tan to buff.--------......_----------------_-_------_-.- 1.5 137.5
Gravel, fine to coarse, pink to tan. ___________^__________ ______ .5 138
Clay, tan tobuff____________________________________...... 1 139
Gravel, fine to coarse, pink to tan.._______._....__...__._._.__ 4 143
Clay, sandy, tan to buff --.-----.------.-____.-_----___-..__ 34 177
Gravel, fine to medium; contains sandy clay, pink and blue
reworked clay of Chadron formation, and tan siltstone of Brule
formation .-._.-.___________..-.--____-_______________..._ 68 245
Gravel, medium to coarse; contains sandy clay, pink and blue
reworked clay of Chadron formation, and tan siltstone of
Brule formation.......___..______.......__________________ 31 276
Pierre shale:
Shale, black, hard __......._.._._._.__......._........_._._.__ 4 280
Table 27. Sample IORS of test holes Continued __________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-50-10bcc
[Test hole drilled for U.S. Geological Survey, 1949. Surface altitude 3,863 ft]

Sand, fine to medium, brown _________________________________ 100 100
Gravel, fine to very fine, pink to tan _____-_.__--____--__-__-_- 3 103
Gravel, medium, pink to tan; contains yellow to brown clay______ 8 111
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue to black....____.._......-...-.----__...-.___ 12 123
9-51-34bbb

Sand, fine to medium, light-tan.____._..-_._.-_-._..---_.__--- 43 43
Sand, medium to coarse, light-tan _.._.____._.__.__.--____--._ 10 53
Gravel, fine to medium; contains 30 percent medium sand,
light-tan...__..._..__..___.........._..__..--.-._...-- 10 63
Gravel, fine to medium; interbedded with layers of tan clay...... 10 73
Gravel, fine to coarse, pink to tan ____.___.___.___-_._-____--. 21 94
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy, cemented, very hard, light-gray __-.___-_-__-__-_. .5 94.5
Shale, black to blue-black _.-..__-...-____---------------- 8.5 103
9-51-34bc

Sand, very fine to medium; contains 10 percent coarse sand,
light-brown___-_____-__________________-_---_---_-------- 50 50
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains 20 percent fine gravel, pink
to tan .--.-._..-______...__.....__....._.__--...-.- 3 53
Gravel, fine to medium, and tan clay._.__-.___-_-_------.__--- 10 63
Gravel, fine to coarse__-_-_____-_____-______--_----_-------- 20 83
Sand, very fine to fine________________-_________-__--_---_-_- 10 93
Gravel, medium and coarse, pink to tan _____._--_-_---_------_ 10 103
Gravel, medium and coarse; contains 30 percent very fine sand.. 10 113
Gravel, medium and coarse, pink to tan _______________________ 3.5 116.5
Clay, tan __---__---___-____________--_-___.__._..-.__... 1 117.5
Gravel, medium and coarse, pink to tan-__-____-_____--_-_---_ 9.5 127
Pierre shale:
Shale, black to blue-black -----__---------------._-------__ ____5 132
10-48-lccc

Sand, fine, and tan clay___..._.._____._______________________ 5 5
Clay, light-tan ____________________________________________ .5 5.5
Sand, fine to medium brown _________________________________ 21 26.5
Sand, medium; interbedded with coarse gravel, pink to tan ______ 11 37.5
Sand, medium; and fine to coarse gravel; contains interbedded
clay___________________________________________________ 41.5 79
Chadron formation:
Clay, tan to yellow _________________________________________ 4 83
Clay, tan to yellow and pink--.---..--.------------._--------- 20 103
BASIC DATA 135
Table 27. Sample has attest holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-48-llacd

Sand, medium and fine, and fine gravel; cemented from2.5to3ft __ 30.5 30.5
Gravel, fine to medium, and fine sand, tan______________________ 12.5 43
Sand, medium to coarse, and gravel, fine, pink to tan _-_---_____- 28.5 71.5
Clay, very slightly sandy, white to light-gray_-_-_-_-__--------- 3.5 75
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan_-_----___-__-___-_-__--_- 58 133
Gravel, very fine to fine; contains 30 percent medium to coarse
sand -..._..__._...___._..._.___.._..__-.-------._---.._- 10 143
Gravel, medium and coarse to very fine; contains medium to
coarse sand and tan reworked siltstone of Brule formation _____ 10 153
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains medium to coarse sand
interbedded with layers of clay._________________-___--_____. 10 163
Gravel, fine to medium, and fine to coarse sand, pink to tan ______ 30 193
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ____________________________ 10 203
Sand, very fine to fine, and medium gravel, tan----_-_-__-___._- 20 223
Gravel, coarse to very coarse, pink to tan______________________ 49 293
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow to brown --____--_-_-_____--____-_-_____________. 3 296
10-48-14ba

Sand, coarse to medium, brown_________________________,______ 13 13
Sand, fine to coarse__________________________________________ 10 23
Sand, coarse, and fine gravel, light-tan________________________ 25 48
Gravel, fine to very coarse, and medium sand___.______________ 22 85
Chadron formation:
Clay, tan to light greenish-gray __-----__-____-________________ 8 93
Clay, light greenish-gray. ____________________________________ 12 105
10-49-23bbb

Soil____ __ -___--__.________________________________ 3.5 3.5
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _________________________ 9.5 13
Gravel, medium to very coarse, pink to tan (cemented47-49ft)____ 40 53
Gravel, medium to very coarse, and pink to tan pebbles.______-._ 10 63
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan; contains pink and blue
reworked clay of Chadron formation and fine to medium sand__. 15
Chadron formation:
Clay and silt, pink and gray to blue and green___________________ 5 93
10-49-23bc

Sand, very fine to medium, light-brown to tan. ______ ____-___.__- 13 13
_________________Toble 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued__________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-49-23bc-Continued
Pleistocene and Recent deposits, undifferentiated Continued

Silt and very fine sand, tan to brown.. ___-__--_---_---___---_-- 10 23
Silt and very fine to coarse sand---_-_-_.-_---------.--.-----. 10 33
Sand, medium to coarse, and fine gravel, pink to tan...-__-.-__. 10.5 43.5
Gravel, medium to coarse..__..._..-_.--._--._-------_-.---_- 19.5 63
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan........_-_-.-----------.-__ 6 69
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _.____-____-__--------___ 18.5 87.5
Clay, sandy, light-tan..._......._.....__..-._......_---_-.._. 25.5 113
Silt and sand, green to green-brown..___-._---__-_--_-_._-.--- 3 116
Gravel, medium-pink to tan __________________________________ 28.5 144.5
Chadron formation:
Silt and clay, blue and light-gray.._..----..-_.-.__------------ 8.5 153
lO-49-23cbb
[Test hole drilled for U.S. Geological Survey, 1949. Surface altitute, 3,745 ft]

Sand, fine to medium, light - to medium-brown __________________ 23 23
Sand, fine to medium, light-to medium-brown; contains yellow
to brown clay _____________________________________________ 11.5 34.5
Gravel, fine to medium, gray to pink to tan____-_--_--_-____--__ 8.5 43
Gravel, medium to coarse, gray to pink to tan -_____--_-__.___-_ 46.2 89.2
Chadron formation:
Cle.y, pink.______......____..__________...____ 3.8 93
Clay, pink and blue .----....._._....___..........-__-....-__. 10 103
10-49-23ccc
Okgocene to Recent deposits, undifferentiated:

Sand, fine to medium, brown----_--_-_---_-----___-----_------ 58 58
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _.___._-__--___--__-____. 50 108
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan__.__...._--___.-__---__-___ 1.5 109.5
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan ______--_____-__-____-___ 13.5 123
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan; contains tan reworked
siltstone of Brule formation._._....__.._..._...-......._... 20 143
Gravel, fine, pink to tan, and brown coarse sand and clay .__._.__ 10 153
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan; interbedded with light-tan
clay _.__._..______.____._._.______...____.___........____ 10 163
Sand, fine and very fine, and clay, tan ____._____-___--__._.__-. 7 170
Clay, sandy, blue....___.................--_-_....-__-.-..- 3 173
Clay, blue to blue-gray....__._.____...__.__-__.__.______._-._ 17 190
Gravel, medium to coarse; contains chips of blue clay__-__.____. 18 208
Pierre shale:
Shale, black to blue-black ..---.--.-.-...-__--.-.----------.- 6 214
10-49-26bcc

Sand, fine to medium, brown,_._____..________..__.-__-__.__
Clay, sandy, brown ..__..___.._____.._____..__.__..____.__.._ 5 13
Sand, medium to fine, and dark-brown clay__---._._-.-___.--.-. 10 23
BASIC DATA 137
Table 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-49-26bcc-Continued
Pleistocene and Recent deposits, undifferentiated-Continued

Clay, interbedded with fine to coarse gravel and fine to coarse
sand, light-tan_----_--___..__.___...______.__.._.______..._ 20 43
Sand, very fine to fine; interbedded with tan to brown clay _-__-_-- 40 83
Sand, very fine to coarse, and fine gravel, interbedded with
light-tan clay_____..__..______--.---....._._._.-______-...- 20 103
Sand, very fine to coarse; interbedded with tan clay...-._...____- 12.5 115.5
Clay, sandy, white to light -tan. _....__.__.___........___.___... 3.7 119.2
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan.._.______________________ 10.8 130
Clay, sandy, tan____-__---__________-_-____________.__________ 3 133
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan.___________--____________ 20 153
Gravel, very fine to fine, and coarse sand__--___--_--_________- 30 183
Gravel, fine to coarse _ _____________________________________ 51.5 234.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow to brown with dark-gray streaks-___-_---_---_----_ 9.5 244
Shale, blue to black __-_-----------_--______.-----_______._. 6 250
10-49-26cc

Sand, fine to medium; contains light-brown clay __-----______--_- 33 33
Sand, fine to coarse; contains tan clay.________--__-_-___-_----- 30 63
Sand, coarse; and very fine to fine gravel, pink to tan ____________ 10 73
Sand, fine to medium; contains some coarse tan sand ____________ 30 103
Gravel, fine to medium, and tan sand___________________________ 40 143
Sand, medium to coarse, and very fine gravel --___----__------_- 20 163
Sand, fine to coarse, tan------_-_------_-_----------_---_----- 10 173
Gravel, fine to medium; interbedded with light-tan to buff clay -.__ 16 189
Clay, sandy, light-tan to buff __________________________________ 19 208
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan _---__________---_________-. 6 214
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue to black .--.___--_-_--_---_-_-_---__.____-___-.- 9 223
PHILLIPS COUNTY, COLO.
6-43-36ddd
[Drilled for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952. Surface altitude, 3,589.0 ft]
Dune sand:
Soil, dark-brown; contains very fine to medium sand.____________ 1
Sand, very fine to medium, buff; contains silt, some caliche, and
clay-__--________-_-________-_-___-____-----_--,_--____--_ 17 18
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand and very
fine gravel_________-_-__________---_______--__-_____------ 14 32
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; contains streaks of gray clay. _ 2 34
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, well-rounded, loose, stained green __ 3.5 37.5
Ogallala formation:
Clay, silty, soft, gray ----_--_--_---_-_-__---_--_----_--__---- 2 39.5
Caliche, hard, white------___--_--_----___--_-------__---_-_-- 4 43.5
Clay, silty, plastic, gray..____-_____--_______--_-_-___-_------ 3.5 47
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel, loose ___________________________ 4.5 51.5
Caliche, hard to soft, white to buff _-_--_-_---_------------_-__- 17.5 69
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, calcareous ___---___-_-_-___ 3 72
655012 O - 63 - 10
________________Table 27. Sample lofls of test doles Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6 -43 -36ddd Continued

Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, calcareous, cherty.________ 3
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, calcareous, cherty, loose... 2
Sand, very fine,to very fine gravel, cherty ___-___-__----_--_- 3
Caliche, hard, white to buff __._....._____-_.__--____--_._--_- 3.5
Clay, soft, brown to buff __________-__------_-----------_---_ 6.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, slightly cemented __________ 2
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, slightly cemented; contains
thin streaks of clay_____________-_--------_--_---_____----_ 10
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, slightly cemented___________ 4
Clay, silty, hard, brown _____________________________________ 2
Silt and sand, cemented-_.___________________________________ 6
Clay, silty, soft, brown ______________________________________ 5
Silt and sand, cemented...___________________________________ 6
Sand, clayey, slightly cemented._.____________________________ 11
Clay, soft, brown; contains some caliche.______________________ 19
Clay, soft, brown; contains some very fine to coarse sand _______ 10
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; contains clay.___--_-___-__ 3
Caliche, clayey, sandy, buff_______________________--_____-_-_ 7
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; contains thin streaks of clay____ 5
Clay, silty, brown; contains very fine to coarse sand.___________ 4.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel ______..___._.____-_.__-____-___ 11.5
Caliche, buff; contains very fine to coarse sand ________________ 12
Clay, silty, soft, tan; contains very fine to very coarse sand _____ 6
Sand, fine to coarse, loose; contains very fine to fine gravel and
a streak of clay at 224 ft________._____.-_____---_-_-__--_._ 14
Clay, silty, soft,tan to green_-_-___-____-_---_-_-_____--_---_ 6
Caliche, sandy, white to buff _____________.-________--_____---_ 5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, partly cemented_-___------_--_- 7,5
Clay, silty, plastic, light-brown ______________________________ 4.5
-Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, silty, clayey ______________ 12.5
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, tan __________________________________ 12.5
Sand, very fine to coarse; interbedded with clay and caliche______ 10
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, partly cemented ___________ 7
Clay, sandy, soft, tan________________________________________ 5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel. __________________ _________ 5
Clay, sandy, soft,tan___.____________________________________ 10
Caliche; interbedded with sand and silt ________________________ 9
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty_______.____.____._________ 3
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty; interbedded with clay ______ 3
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty_____-__-_________________- 6
Caliche, hard, white_________________________________________ 2
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains some caliche________.__ 4
Clay, soft, yellow to tan .__________._______-_--____-__-__--_ 6
Sand, very fine to very coarse, calcareous.-.._______-___.-___ 2
Caliche, hard, buff__________________________________________ 1
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel ___________.-____---____----_-__ 8
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, yellow to light blue-gray; stained with limonite______ 7.5
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray________________________________ 2.5
6-47-6bbb
Soil, clayey, dark-brown; contains very fine sand to coarse

gravel..._____________________________________________ 2
BASIC DATA 139
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-47 -6bbb Continued
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel...___________________________ 1 3
Clay, sandy, gravelly, soft, light-brown________________________ 5 8
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, clayey ______________________ 17 25
Clay, soft, light-brown; contains very fine sand to fine gravel ____ 11 36
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose____________________'______ 16 52
Sand, very fine, medium gravel _______________________________ 10 62
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, clayey _____________________ 33 95
Clay, sandy, gravelly, hard, light-brown _______________________ 7 102
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; contains thin layers of clay
and some coarse gravel ___________________________________ 24 126
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, light-brown ___________________________ 2 128
Sand, very fine,to coarse gravel______________________________ 2.5 130.5
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown to buff; contains some gravel______ 11.5 142
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, buff _______________________________ 13 155
Caliche, sandy, hard, white to buff __________________________ 10 165
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _-_----_--__-.__----_--___.__________ 2.5 167.5
Chadron formation:
Clay, hard, plastic, green ____________________________________ 4.5 172
Clay, hard, plastic, green; contains some white caliche.________ 4 176
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 16.5 192.5
Clay, silty, hard, plastic, light blue-green with yellow stain______ 9.5 202
Clay, silty, hard, plastic, light blue-green and tan with some
yellow stain .____________________________________________ 4 206
Clay, hard, plastic; contains thin streaks of white soft caliche and
thin stringers of blue-green fine-grained sandstone ___________ 27 233
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray, and dark-gray shale_____________ 4 237
7-43-33adcl
Soil, silty, dark-brown--------_-_----------_---------_---____ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Silt, sandy, calcareous, tan___________________________________ 6 8
Clay, silty, soft, gray__________________ ___________________ 9 17
Sand, fine to coarse, loose, tan; contains reworked pebbles of
white hard caliche___._____________________________________ 10 27
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, gray; contains streaks of white hard
caliche___________________________________________________ 10 37
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel, tan __________________________ 2 39
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, gray ______________________________ 1 40
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel, loose, tan ____________________ 8 48
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, calcareous,medium-hard, tan _ 5 53
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray; contains streaks of very fine
to medium gravel and red-brown soft clay.. __________________ 7 60
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, tan. 3 63
Clay, medium-hard, plastic, brown..___.....______.._____.___. 3 66
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray ---__.______-__-___________ 3 69
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, calcarious, medium-hard,
light-tan __---_------_-_---_____.________________________ 5 74
Sand, very coarse, to coarse gravel, tan ______________________ 10 84
Clay, medium-hard, plastic, brown; contains streaks of gray
hard caliche ______________________________________________ 5 89
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, medium-hard, red-tan _______ 9 98
Clay, sandy, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, tan to red-brown. __ 18 116
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
1 -43 -33adc 1 Continued

Clay, calcareous, medium-hard, plastic, gray__________________ 1 117
Clay, sandy, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, tan to red-brown __ 6 123
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained, calcareous,
medium-hard, gray; contains layers of gray to tan caliche. ____ 4 127
Clay, calcareous, medium-hard, blocky, gray__________________ 6 133
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, tan to green _______ 16 149
Clay, sandy, soft, red-brown to gray; contains streaks of fine
to coarse gravel __________________________________________ 14 163
Sand, medium, to fine gravel, loose, tan; contains thin streaks
of gray-green soft clay ___________________________________ 30 193
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, soft, tan to gray---------------- 12 205
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose ___---____-._______ 40 245
Clay, silty, soft, brown ______________________________________ 8 253
Caliche, siliceous, very hard, white___-__---__---_---_---__--_ 1 254
Gravel, very fine to very coarse, loose; contains medium to very
coarse sand and pebbles _____________________-._______._- 28 282
Clay, sandy, soft, brown ._________________-_-_---_-----______ 2 284
Silt, micaceous, soft, brown______________________-__-___-____ 10 294
Sand, medium, to fine gravel, loose, tan to green -_-_____-._-__ 11.5 305.5
Silt, micaceous, medium-hard, brown; contains thin streaks of
sand______--____________________________________________ 1.5 307
Sand, coarse to very coarse, loose, tan_____-__________________ 6 313
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonite stain, hard, yellow...-___-__--.________________ ____9 322
7-43-33adc2
Soil, sandy, silty, dark-brown _______________________________ 3 3

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, tan______________.._____._.______ 9 12
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains reworked pebbles of white
hard caliche______________________________________________ 18 30
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, soft, light-gray. _________.._.__ 8 38
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel; contains streaks of gray soft
clay__ ____________ __________________._________ 11 49
Siltstone, clayey, medium-soft, tan _________________________ 3 52
Clay, silty, calcarious, medium-hard, tan to gray.._.________ 11 63
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, tan _______________________________ 3 66
Clay, silty, light-brown______________________________________ 2 68
Clay, sandy, calcareous, medium-hard, gray__________________ 3 71
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, hard, red-brown ___________ 4 75
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, tan___ ____________ 8 83
Clay, medium-hard, plastic, light-brown to red-brown________.__ 8 91
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, hard, red-brown ___________ 11 102
Clay, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, brown _________________ 21 123
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, silty, loose, tan __________ 3 126
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, brown ____________________________ 4 130
Clay, sandy, calcareous, medium-hard, gray_____.___________ 7 137
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, tan to green ______ 14 151
Clay, sandy, soft, red-brown _________________________________ 4 155
Clay, silty, sandy, red-brown; contains streaks of white hard
caliche __________________________________________________ i 156
Sand, medium, to fine gravel, loose, green ____________________ 4 160
Clay, soft, plastic, gray _____________________________________ 2 162
BASIC DATA 141
Table 27. Sample lops of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-43-33adc2 Continued

Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, clayey, slightly cemented __ 7 169
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, tan to green.__,__ 29.5 198.5
Caliche, clayey, hard, gray __________________________________ 1 199.5
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, tan ______________..._...________ 7.5 207
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel, silty, loose, tan____._________ 7 214
Clay, calcareous, soft, plastic, light-gray _____-_____-__-___.-. 8 222
Caliche, hard, white_______________..______..___.___________. 1 223
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, tan...------------ 19 242
7-44-7bbb
Soil, sandy________.________________________________________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Sand, clayey; contains some caliche __________________________ 5 7
Caliche, sandy, white _______________________________________ 1 8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; contains some caliche ______ 10 18
Clay, sandy, bufL.__.._.._._______.._._..______._.._..___.__ 2 20
Silt, sandy, brown ..__.__.___.___._______.____.____________ 2 22
Silt, sandy, brown; contains caliche _______ ____________________ 1 23
Clay, silty, sandy, brown ____________________________________ 6 29
Sand, very fine to very coarse ____________________________ 6 35
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________________________ 3 38
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose _________________________ 4 42
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose; contains caliche _________ 3 45
Limestone, hard____________________________________________ l 46
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose; contains caliche._________ 6 52
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, cemented; contains streaks of
caliche______________________________________________ 2 54
Clay, sandy, soft ___________________________________________ 4 58
Sand and silt, cemented, greenish-brown; contains streaks of
caliche ____________________________________________ 8 66
Silt, slightly cemented; contains sand and gravel ______________ 2 68
Caliche, well-cemented; contains sand, gravel and thin streaks
of clay _______________________________________________ 12 80
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _____________________ 39 119
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose; contains streaks of
clay . _________ 5 124
Clay, sandy, soft, brown __________________________________ 9 133
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose_________________________ 9 142
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose ___________________ 6.5 148.5
Caliche, hard, white to buff_______________________________ 3.5 152
Caliche, hard, white to buff; contains layers of very fine grained
to fine-grained sandstone _________________________________ 13 165
Silt, sandy; cemented in thin streaks _______________________ 7 172
Silt, sandy; cemented in thin streaks; contains caliche_________ 10 182
Silt, sandy; cemented in thin streaks; contains caliche and thin
streaks of chert_________________________________________ 4 186
Clay, dense____________________________________________ 6 192
Silt, sandy, clayey; cemented in thin streaks, light greentotan.. 10 202
Clay and silt, sandy, light-green to tan; contains caliche and
dense clay_______________________________________________ 20 222
Caliche, hard, white ________________________________________ 2 224
Silt, sandy, brown to green __________________________________ 5 229
Silt, sandy; cemented in streaks, brown to green_______________ 21 250
________________Toble 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-44 -7-7bbb Continued
Ogallala Continued
Caliche, white to gray; contains streaks of sand.....____.____.__ 256
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow-green; contains some brown shale ____ 262
7-44-36ddd
Soil, clayey, sandy___________________________________________ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and caliche; interbedded ___________________________ 3 5
Clay, hard, plastic; contains streaks of sand.____-_--___----_--. 23 28
Clay; contains sand, gravel, and caliche._______________________ 5 33
Sand, very fine to very coarse ____---_---------------_-------- 3 36
Caliche, hard, white to buff; contains sand and gravel______._____ 12 48
Limestone, hard_---__-_-____________________________________ 1 49
Caliche, hard, white to buff; contains sand and gravel.___________ 3 52
Caliche, clayey; contains sand and gravel _-------__-__-_-___--- 11 63
Gravel, very fine to medium, loose; contains very fine to very
coarse sand_____________________________.___---____----__- 9 72
Silt, partly cemented; contains sand and caliche__---__-__-_--__- 10 82
Caliche, hard, buff; contains silt, sand, gravel, and layers of sand
and gravel________________________________________________ 9 91
Clay, sandy, hard, brown; contains gravel and caliche....________ 13 104
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains clay and caliche..__----. 8 112
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, well-cemented in streaks;
contains clay and caliche .____...______.-.___._----___-----. 4 116
Caliche, hard, buff; contains sand and gravel _______-.___--__.__ 2 118
Clay, sandy, hard, brown _______________-_______------_______- 4 122
Clay, sandy, hard, brown; contains thin layers of sandstone and
hard caliche ______________________________________________ 11 133
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel, clayey___.--_---_--__--.------- 7 140
Clay, sandy, hard, brown _--_____-________-_--__--------_--___ 2 142
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, clayey_____________--_--_- 7 149
Clay, silty, hard; contains sand and gravel ___-___--_-_-_--____- 10 159
Sand, coarse, to fine gravel__________________________________ 13 172
Sand, coarse, to medium, gravel __-__-__---__--_--_---_--_---_ 23 195
Silt, clayey, sandy......._________------__-___-__---__.--. 9 204
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel ______----_--_--_--_-------. 22 226
Clay, silty, sandy, brown -------____--_-__---_--------_-_-_--- 12 238
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, silty __-_____-_-_-__--_-_-_ 8 246
Clay, sandy, hard, brown _------_-----_-------__------_------- 6 252
Clay, sandy, hard, brown; contains steaks of sand and caliche.____ 6 258
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel_______.__--_-_-__---__--_-__-_- 4 262
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey ___________.-__-_.__--___ 11 273
Clay, silty, sandy, micaceous, hard_____________________.__-_._ 13 286
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel________________________________ 6 292
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel _-_--_-_------.------_------. 10 302
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ .5 302.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel____ _____.-_--__.---------_---_ 8 310.5
Clay, sandy, hard, brown _____________________________________ 13.5 324
Caliche, cherty, hard, white ___________ _______-_____________ 2 326
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow, and brown shale _.______--___-__-_._ 3 329
BASIC DATA 143
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-45-36ddd
Pierre shale Continued

Soil, sandy, silty...._________._._.__-_________..-_---__- 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, clayey, buff ________________________________________ 2 4
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel__._________-________-__-_. 1.5 5.5
Clay, sandy, hard, buff to light-brown; contains caliche _________ 8.5 14
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel--_-_____-_------____-_-___- 2 16
Clay, hard, plastic; contains caliche and silt ___________________ 6 22
Clay, hard, plastic; contains caliche, silt, gravel, and sand ..-_-. 3 25
Clay, soft, light-brown; contains sand and caliche ...__.._-_.--_ 12 37
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel, loose ._______.--___________-_. 5 42
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, cemented; contains layers
of caliche ________________________________________________ 3 45
Sand, very fine', to medium gravel, loose..____________________ 10 55
Caliche -_____-----------____________________--_____________ .2 55.2
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose._____________________ 7.8 63
Caliche..._______________________________........___.. 1 64
Clay, sandy, soft; contains gravel_--__-_--__--__-_.___________ 9 73
Clay, sandy, partly cemented; contains gravel....._._..._______ 6 79
Clay, sandy, cemented; contains gravel................____.__. 5 84
Caliche, sandy, clayey, hard, buff; contains layers of clay .-.--_. 6 90
Clay, sandy, soft, plastic, medium-brown.___.-_--_______---___ 4 94
Clay, hard, plastic; contains sand, gravel, and caliche.__________ 12 106
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose_--____--_____________ 18 124
Clay, silty, sandy, soft -._-.-__..._.......______________... 4 128
Sand, very fine to very coarse_________-_-_--_-_-_-__-__-_--_ 4 132
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel ____________________________ 2 134
Clay______________________________________ .2 134.2
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel____________________________ 2.8 137
Clay, sandy, soft, plastic_____________________________________ 3 140
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel____________________________ 14 154
Clay, soft, plastic__-_---____._______________________________ 4 158
Clay, soft, plastic; contains layers of sand---___-_-__-___-_--_- 4 162
Clay, soft, plastic___________________________________________ 2 164
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel-_--__-_-_-----_________--__ 7 171
Caliche, very hard, white; contains sand and gravel__________-_. 1 172
Caliche, hard, white; contains sand and gravel _________________ 2 174
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose_-__-_-__----______--_____ 5.5 179.5
Caliche and clay, sandy, partly cemented -__------_-_____-___-- 4.5 184
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel_ ______________________________ 5 189
Silt, sandy, clayey____.-__-__________________________________ j 8 197
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose-__--_-_-_______---___ 14 211
Clay, hard, plastic, light-brown ______________________________ 3 214
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel__-_-____---______-____---_- 7 221
Silt, sandy------__--------____________________-_______-_-.-_ 2 223
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel ____-_--_-_--___--______-__-_-- 19 . 242
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel___________________________- 10 252
Clay, very sandy, soft, buff __________________________________ 3 255
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel -_-_--____-_-__-_-_--__--__-_- 3.5 258.5
Clay...______-._____..._________--.---_____-.__. .2 258.7
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel ___...______--_____.-___-__--_ 7.3 266
Clay, soft, medium-brown -_.-_-_-__-._._.____--_____________ 4 270
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel ______________.-___________-._ 4 274
Clay, silty, sandy, hard.. ___________________________________ 24 298
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray.-----_._....______ ___4 302
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-46-laaa

Soil, sandy, clayey, silty, dark-brown.______ ___________-__..- 2
Ogallala formation:
Silt, clayey, buff-______.._.______-_--_.--_-_----__-- -- 2
Sand and gravel _-__________________-_-___----__------------- 1
Silt, sandy, clayey, tan __________________________-__-_----__- 5
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel______________--___---__------_- 6
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; contains nodules of caliche;
interbedded with clay_______________________________________ 19
Clay, soft, tan; contains sand and gravel ________________-_----- 4
Caliche, hard, white; interbedded with sandy and gravelly clay._._ 11
Gravel, very fine to fine; contains medium sand to coarse gravel.. 8
Clay, hard, plastic, gray-_---__________---_---__-------------- 2
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel .._________-___-_._---.__----- 5
Caliche, clayey, sandy, gray; contains some streaks of clay ..-___ 22
Clay, silty, soft, tan; contains some cemented zones -_______--_- 11
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel ---_____-_-------.-_------- 5
Clay, hard, brown _______-__________----__-----___--__--_---- 4
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel ________---____-____-__-__- 4
Clay and caliche.__-_-_______.-__________-__-_--___-__------- 6
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel_________________-_-_____--_---- 5
Caliche, sandy_______________________________________________ 3
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel ..______.________-__--____- 6
Brule (?) formation:
Clay, hard, plastic, brown _____________.___-______--_-_-_--__ 12.5
Siltstone, sandy; interbedded with brown to gray clay ____________ 3.5
Clay, hard, plastic, brown ____________________________________ 5
Chadron formation:
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green ___________________--_--__--.- 14
Sand and gravel ____________________'__________-_-_____---_-_ 1
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green _________________.____._-__--- 4.5
Sand and siltstone, green ___-__________----__-_-_--____---__-- 1.5
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green _______________________________ 9
Siltstone and chert, hard, green ______________-___--_--___--_-- 1.5
Sandstone, silty, green_______________________________________ 25
Chert and sandstone, very hard, green _______________--_-___-_- 3
Clay, silty, soft, light-green ._______________.___----_---_-_._ 8
Clay, hard, dense, light-green, gray, and light-pink --_-___------ 32.5
Clay, limonitic, hard, plastic, gray, green, and pink _____________ 20
Clay, hard, plastic, gray, green, and pink with yellow
limonitic stain ___________________________-___-_---_---___- 14
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray ________________________________ 6____
7-46-36ddd
Soil, clayey, sandy, dark-brown _______________________________ 6

Ogallala formation:
Clay, hard, plastic, medium-brown ____________________________ 3
Caliche; contains clay, sand, and gravel----..._________________ 1.5
Clay, hard, plastic, medium-brown; contains silt ________________ 7.5
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly ___________________________________ 4
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, buff _-__--_-__-__-_-__-__-_-_-_-___-_ 5
BASIC DATA 145
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Gravel, very fine to medium----_-----_--_-_---_-_------_---_- 1 28
Clay, hard, plastic, medium-brown______._._____--___._------- 4 32
Caliche, sandy, buff ____.______________ -- 2 34
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, contains clay-------------- 14 48
Clay and caliche; contains sand and gravel __-_...__-___.-___--- 5 53
Clay, sandy, gravelly, soft, brown._____--___-_--._---__--__--- 2 65
Caliche, buff-. -- -.-_---.-..-. 2 67
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, loose _____________________ 7.5 74.5
Silt, clayey, sandy,,...______________________________________ 2.5 77
Caliche, hard, white __---.__-____--_._-_..__--_-.----__--_._- 2 79
Caliche, soft, buff to tan; contains sand and clay _--__--.______-- 18 97
Clay, silty, dark-brown ______________________________________ 2 99
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic __-_____-______-__----__-__--__----_ 5 114
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey_______--____-____----__- 18 132
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, slightly cemented ___________ 7 139
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, clayey ____________________ 3 142
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel ________.-______---__--___-- 10 152
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, partly cemented _.-._____.__- 14 166
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey; contains some medium
gravel _________.___..___.....____.....___-_-.-__----__- 11 177
Caliche, hard, white; interbedded with buff to tan hard clay;
contains sand and gravel--------__-_-_--_--___-_---------_- 13 190
Chadron formation:
Clay, silty, soft, light-green to tan; contains thin layers of green
sandstone.____-__________________________-_--__--__--_---- 4 194
Clay, hard, plastic, green ____________________________________ 4 198
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, yellow; contains layers of brown shaly
clay -----___---__--____.________________________________ 5 203
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray, and dark-gray shale --_-________ 4 207
7-47-laaa
Soil, sandy, silty, dark-brown; contains some very fine gravel ___
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loojse_______.________________ 2
Caliche, hard, buff; jicjntainsôme^ sand and gravel____________ 5 13
Caliche, clayey, buff; contains some sand and gravel .________. 5 18
Sand, fine,to medium gravel, loose_,_________________________ 12.5 30.5
Silt, sandy, tan; contains some caliche.______________________ 3.5 34
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, light-green; contains thin layers
of caliche ______________________________________________ 7.5 41.5
Caliche, sandy, hard, white to buff ---__---___-__-_-___-_--.. 7.5 49
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose _______________________ 3 52
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, well -cemented ____________ 3 55
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose ____________________ 4 59
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; interbedded with silt _____ 19.5 78.5
Brule(?) formation:
Silt, sandy, partly cemented with calcium carbonate.__________ 13.5 92
Sand, silty, cemented with caliche in thin zones. ______ ______ __ 20 112
Sand, silty; contains some gravel and layers of caliche ________ 11 123
Siltstone, clayey, dark-brown ______________________________ 129
Table 27. Sample tofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-47- laaa Continued
Brule(?) formation Continued

Sand, very fine to coarse, loose.______________________________ 2 131
Siltstone and caliche._.______________________________________ 5 136
gravel ._--____-___._____ ______________________________ 4 140
Sandstone, silty, and caliche._________________________________ 4 144
Siltstone, clayey, tan; contains sand, gravel, and layers of silty
clay ---------.____-_____________________________________ 8 152
Clay, silty, soft, buff ________________________________________ 20 172
Siltstone, clayey, tan and green; contains some caliche and is
interbedded with green silty clay.___-_-_-_---__-______-_____ 40 212
Chadron formation:
Clay, silty, dense, green, gray, and blue-green; contains some
caliche ___________________________________________________ 20 232
Clay, hard, plastic, dense, gray, blue-green, pink, and varicolored. 67 299
Chert, hard; interbedded with clay ____________________________ 1 300
Clay, hard, plastic, dense, varicolored--__-__----______.______ 17 317
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray ____---_____-__---________-_____ 5 322
7-47-10cbb
[Test hole for stock well drilled by Shocke Drilling Co., 1953. Surface altitude, 4,004.5 ft]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample)_________________________________________________ 61 61
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel __________________________________ 2.5 62.5
Sand, fine, to fine gravel, silty; contains some clay .-__----____. 9.5 72
Sand, fine, to fine gravel, clayey; contains nodules of caliche ____ 8 80
Clay, silty, buff _____________________________________________ 8 88
Clay, silty, buff; contains sand and gravel ______________________ 8~ 96
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains nodules of caliche _______ 8 104
Silt, clayey, buff; contains sand and gravel _____________________ 16 120
Clay, silty, gravelly, buff to light-green________________________ 4 124
Brule formation:
Siltstone, light-green; contains sand and gravel _________________ 4 128
Silt, sandy, light-green...____________________________________ 16 144
Silt, clayey, light-green______________________________________ 6 150
7-47-36ddd
Soil, clayey, silty, sandy, brown...____________________________ 1.5 1.5

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, gravelly...___________________________________ 2.5 4
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey; contains nodules of
caliche _____________________._________________________ 25 29
Silt, sandy, soft, brown___________-_____----__.____.____. 6 35
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty; contains some partly
cemented zones ------__-.__..___________________._._______ 8 43
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown; interbedded with sand and gravel .. 23 66
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown; contains caliche and gravel _______ 6 72
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, clayey _________________________ 5 77
Clay, soft, light-brown; contains sand and gravel___________,____ 5 82
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, clayey_____.________________ 15 97
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown----__--__----__--___.___________ 6 103
BASIC DATA 147
Table 27. Sample loflS of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-47-36ddd Continued

Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel;contains very fine sand to
coarse gravel and some thin layers of clay___-_-____-___--___ 14 117
Clay, soft, tan to green; contains thin layers of gravel..__---___- 6 123
Sand, medium to very coarse; contains very fine sand to fine
gravel and thin layers of clayl------_------__-----_---_---_- 12 135
Sand, medium to very coarse; contains some cemented zones.____ 15 155
Silt and sand, fine --_-_-_---_--_--_-___--_-_-_-----_--------- 3 158
Sand, medium to very coarse _____---__------___-___----_----_ 4 162
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel; contains some cemented zones. 12 174
Clay, silty, sandy..___________---__-_----_____---__--__.._.- 3 177
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, partly cemented;interbedded
with clay ____.....____..___________________ 15 192
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, silty; well-cemented -__-.___. 14 206
Clay, silty, sandy, tan; contains some thin streaks of caliche..__. 33 239
Pierre shale:
Clay, soft, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray. ... ___--__------__- 3__ 242
8-42-32dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, very silty, soft, green _._--.____._-_._..--___-.--__.-__- 3 3
Clay, very silty, soft, green; contains streaks of white soft
caliche.__._..____._._____________________________________ 4 7
Sand, very fine to very coarse, clayey, brown ___---_-_---_-___- 5 12
Sand, very fine, silty, lightly cemented, brown-_------_---_--__- 4 16
Caliche, sandy, soft, tan -..._____________-.._..__-------- 6 22
Sand, very fine to very coarse, clayey, brown ._--___..---_-.___ 1 23
Caliche, silty, soft, gray to white ____________________________ 3 26
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _-________-__________------___---___- 5 31
Clay, sandy, soft, red-brown __--______________---___-------_- 6 37
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose, tan __________--_-____. 7 44
Clay, silty, soft, red-brown __________________________________ 2 46
Sand, very coarse, to coarse gravel, loose, tan ________________ 5 51
Clay, silty, soft, red-brown __________________________________ 3 54
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, white___._______________________ 9 63
Sand, very fine, silty, lightly cemented, brown____--__-_-_--__-_ 6 69
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, tan to white _____________________ 3 72
Sand, very fine, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, tan ___-.---___- 11.5 83.5
Caliche, sandy, soft, white ___________________________________ 2.5 86
Sand, very fine, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, tan; contains
layers of medium to very coarse sandandbrown soft silty clay.. 8 94
Clay, silty, sandy, calcareous in streaks, soft, tan ______________ 33 127
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel, loose, green to tan _______ 26 153
Clay, silty, sandy, lightly cemented in streaks, soft, brown;
contains thin layers of white soft caliche_--__--_--_____-__--- 19 172
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose, green to tan_____________. 10.2 182.2
Sand, very fine, cemented, tan ________________________________ .8 183
Caliche, sandy, siliceous, very hard, white________--___-_______ 3 186
Sand, very coarse, to very coarse gravel, loose, pink to tan _____ 31 217
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, brown _________-_-______.-___----____- 12 229
Caliche, sandy, hard, white.___-_-_____--_______-_____-______- 1 230
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, tan ______________________ 4 234
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonite stain, hard, yellow to green _____________________ ___8___ 242
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-44-6bbb
[Drilled for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952: Surface altitude, 3,794.9 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Soil, clayey, sandy..__--___-___-____-_---_---------___------- 2
Clay, soft, white to tan; contains sand, gravel, and caliche.._--__. 8
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose; contains caliche ___--___ 12
Sand, fine to coarse, loose; contains caliche _-_-----_---_---____ 10
Sand, fine to fine gravel ________.__-_.___._____-_____-------_ 10
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel--_______------_-_------_----_---_ 8
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; contains clay _____________________ 2
Clay, sandy, soft,tan ________________________________________ 8
Clay, sandy, soft, tan; contains streaks of caliche--____--__---_. 2
Clay, sandy, soft,tan ________.______-_---_--__-_-_----------- 10
Clay, soft, buff; contains layers of white to buff hard sandy
caliche _______-__________-____--__-_-_---_----_---_------- 13
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose__--_---_----------------- 4
Clay, sandy, soft, tan; contains caliche..-__--_----------------- 26
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains thin streaks of clay...... 9
Clay, silty, sandy; contains caliche-_-_------------------------ 9
Caliche, clay, sand, and gravel.._____--___------.._-------__--- 5.5
Clay, sandy, soft, buff; contains chert.-----___------__--_-----_ 3.5
Caliche, soft, buff; contains clay and sand ________--___-_--_--_- 8
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel______----_-__-_-_---__-------_- 10
Caliche, clayey, sandy.-___--___-_--__-------------__-_-----_- 8
Sand and gravel; contains caliche and chert_____________________ 6
Sand, medium to very coarse; contains caliche._________________ 7
Clay, sandy, soft, buff to green-gray--------------------------- 14
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains streaks of clay_-_------------ 7
Sand, fine to medium.____--_-_______--__-___--___--_-_-__---_ 20
Sand, medium to coarse ______________________________________ 5
Clay and caliche; contains thin layers of sand---_---_------_---_ 15
Sand, medium, to fine gravel; contains thin layers of caliche.____ 10
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; contains layers of caliche
and chert--__-_----._.-._-_____--__----.---_----_-_------- 16
Caliche and clay; contains chert______.___-.-_._--_______-__.._ 4
Sand; contains layers of caliche and clay ___.__--___--___.-_---_ 8
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow.___-__-__-_-_-______--_----_-_--_-- 5
8-45-6bbb
Soil, silty, dark-brown---_____--___-__-_-__--_---_-_----_.--- 1

Ogallala formation:
Silt,calcareous, tan ___________.._.____._.-_-____-.___._.-_.. 1
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, tan ______________________ 10
Clay, sandy, calcareous, soft, red to brown_____-_-._.-__--.___- 8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; loose, tan __--_---___------. 2
Silt, sandy, micaceous, soft, brown _-___--_-____----_--_-_----- 4
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; loose, tan ___-_--___-_-___-_--__ 23
Silt, soft,tan__---.__._________________-------_---------.. 6
Silt, sandy, clayey, soft, tan; contains streaks of white hard
caliche-____-__-_____.--__....____-_._-_________________._ 39
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose, dark-gray-_---__--__---._ 6
Silt, sandy, clayey, calcareous, soft, tan to gray-___-____-_______ 3
Caliche, sandy, medium-soft, gray----------------------------- 5
BASIC DATA 149
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-4 5-6bbb Continued

Gravel, medium, to very fine sand loose, tan__________-____-__ 5 113
Caliche, sandy, very hard, white _-__-_______________-___-_---_ 1.5 114.5
Clay, silty, soft, gray-green__________________________________ 2.5 117
Gravel,medium,to very fine sand loose, tan ___________________ 2 119
Silt, sandy, clayey, calcareous, medium-hard; contains
medium-hard streaks of caliche; tan to gray------------------ 21 140
Chert, very hard, white---__-_-__--_-.------------_---------- 2 142
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray-_----___--------_--------__ 12 154
Silt, soft, tan; contains streaks of cemented fine sand ___________ 14 168
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose, tan__--___-__----___-__--_-__. 12 180
Chert, sandy, very hard, gray_---_----_-_--_--_------____--_-_ .5 180.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose, tan__.________________________ 2.5 183
Chert, sandy, very hard, white to gray-_-____--------_--_---._- 2 185
Silt, medium-soft, brown -___------_---___.-____--_-__-_----. 10 195
Chert, sandy, very hard, gray ------_---_-__--.__-_--_---_---- .2 195.2
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray__-------_-------------__-_- .8 196
Silt, sandy, calcareous-_--_------------__-_-----------_-----_ 12 208
Brule formation:
Siltstone, medium to very hard, green; contains streaks of white
hard caliche ._-...._-.-_________-_---_.___________________ 1 209
Siltstone, hard, gray-green__________.______________--_._.-___ 44 253
Siltstone, hard, tan_____--_--__-.-_________-----__...-.-_--__ 20 273
Claystone, brown...__...---__--._-.-....----_--_-.---_---- .2 273.2
Siltstone, hard, tan __________________________________________ 36.8 310
Chadron formation:
Claystone, silty, hard, olive-green ____________________________ 5 315
Siltstone, clayey, medium-soft, blue-green___------_____.______ 6 321
Siltstone, clayey, medium-hard, white--_--__-_---------____--- 20 341
Silt, medium-soft, blue-green ________________________________ 9 350
Pierre shale:
Clay, medium-hard, yellow limonite stains_-_--_----___-------- 25 375
Shale,hard, dark-blue-_-----_--_----_..----_---_-----_-_--_. 5 380
8-47-laaa
Soil, clayey, dark-brown_____________________________________ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Silt, clayey, buff; contains sand and gravel -_.--_--_--___-_----- 2 4
Silt, clayey, sandy; contains white chert and caliche...._________ 1 5
Clay, sandy, hard, white to gray___._-_________________________ 8 13
Clay; interbedded with silt, sand, and caliche; contains slightly
cemented zones___________________________________________ 6 19
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose; contains some white caliche ____ 3 22
Clay; interbedded with caliche and sand; contains slightly
cemented zones___________________________________________ 18 40
Sand, very fine to very coarse ________________________________ 3 43
Caliche, sandy, buff; contains thin streaks of clay_______________ 15 58
Clay, hard; contains silt, sand, gravel, and caliche______________ 13 71
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose -___-__----__--__-__-__ 15 86
Clay, sandy, hard, gray-green ____--________.-____--_-________ 16 102
Sand, very fine to coarse------__-______-___-___-___._-________ 5 107
Clay, sandy, soft, gray...___._____-__-___--_____--__-____- 5 112
Clay, hard, plastic; interbedded with bentonitic clay_______-_____ 5 117
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, gray.--__--______.__.____-_.-..__._._ 5 122
_________________Table 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness
(feet)
8 -47 - laaa Continued

Silt, clayey; contains sand, gravel, and some bentonitic clay_____- 2
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose..__________------_--_ 22
Clay, silty, hard, gray and brown________._______._____-_------ 5
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel___________________--__-_------- 4
Clay, silty, hard, brown and green; contains some layers of
caliche and sand________________________________----------_ 37
Sand, medium to coarse, loose; contains very fine sand to
fine gravel.._____________________________________________ 8
Silt, clayey; contains some sand....___________________________ 18
Caliche, silty, sandy, white to gray __----__-__---_-_--_--__---- 7
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, well cemented with caliche; hard.. 15
Clay, silty, brown to green ___________________________________ 2
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel_____________________-_------_-- 6
Clay, silty, soft, tan; interbedded with very fine to medium sand-- 4
Sand, very fine to coarse.__..__..-__________________---__--_- 10
Brule formation:
Silt, clayey, sandy, tan .__.....____............___.__---.-._.. 20
Silt, clayey; interbedded with thin layers of sand ________________ 22
Chadron formation:
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, light-green to gray-white __._---___-. 18
Clay, bentonitic, limonitic, hard, plastic, white to gray.-----..--. 20
Clay, hard, plastic, white to gray and pink__.-__--__-_--__------ 4
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow, yellow-green, and light blue-gray. ___. 16
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow, blue, and pink ______________________ 10.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray _______-_____________---_----__- 4.5
8-47-29aad
[Test hole for municipal well for town of Haxtun. Drilled by L. L. Canfield,
Surface altitude, 4,040.8 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Gravel, fine to medium, pink, gray, and black mottled; contains
sand and silt-_-----__-___--_-____-________--____-_______--
Silt loam, sandy, micaceous, buff-tan; contains roots and organic
matter in upper section ____________________________________ 13
Sand, coarse, pink and gray; contains gra vel_-___._. ______ ______ 7
Sand, fine to coarse, and buff-brown silt; contains gravel and clay_ 2
Caliche, sandy, calcareous, porous, friable, buff _.-_-_-------_-_ 4
Clay, sandy, calcareous, weakly compacted, friable, buff; contains
a small amount of fine to medium gravel and a few calcareous
concretions up to 1 in. in diameter.__________________________ 9
Caliche, sandy, slightly plastic, light-brown___-______.-_--_____ 12
Gravel, calcareous, tan-gray; contains medium to coarse sand
pebbles._----__-_-_____________________________-_--___-__- 20
Clay, sandy, firm, light-gray; contains medium to coarse sand __. 6
Caliche, firm, friable, buff-gray, contains minor amount of
medium sand._____________________________________________
Sand, slightly silty, argillaceous, friable to loose, gray; contains
some gravel ______________________________________________ 3
Caliche, sandy, friable, light-gray..._____-___-_-__--_----__--- 4
Sand, medium to coarse, loose, gray--_-___---__----_-------_-_ 10
Sand, medium to coarse, argillaceous, highly calcareous, porous,
compact, friable, buff -__-_.-________-__---__-__-__-_-----_- 23
BASIC DATA 151
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-47-29aad Continued

Caliche, silty to slightly sandy, micaceous, plastic to firm,
light-buff....__..__---.---.._-._---._-._---.___..-__. 17 142
Sand, fine to medium, slightly clayey binder, very friable, tan;
contains water-worn pebbles of clay and small pipy calcareous
concretions in the lower section. ---_-___--__--___---_----___ 15 157
Caliche, plastic to firm, light-gray; contains fine sand ___________ 3 160
Gravel and sand, slightly calcareous clay binder, fine to medium
sand at top to medium and coarse gravel at base, loosely
compacted, gray, tan, and brown ____-_-________-__--_-_____- 15 175
Clay, sandy, calcareous, firm to hard, brown to buff..___________ 10 185
Gravel, coarse, subrounded, buff ___________________.____. 7 192
Clay, sandy, calcareous, firm to hard, tan_______.______________ 6 198
Gravel (reported).__._______________________________________ 17 215
Clay (reported)_______--.----.------.--___..______.-. 2 217
8-47-Slccc
Soil, silty, clayey.-_-____---__-____-__-__--__--___________.__ 4 4

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, clayey _-__-_---_-___------_ 7 11
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose.--_---__.--__-_--___--- 28 39
Clay, soft, tan; contains sand and gravel ---_--__--__---_---_-__ 8 47
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel____--___--__--___-._-____-_--_- 4 51
Clay and caliche, buff; contains sand and gravel....-_-__-___--__ 30 81
Caliche, soft, white......__.---------_-_.--_--.---____. 8 89
Caliche, hard, buff; contains sand, gravel, and thin layers of clay. _ 17 106
Clay, silty, soft, tan _.___________________________..______ 11 117
Sand, medium to coarse; contains very fine sand to medium
gravel____________________________________________.._ 4 121
Sand, medium to coarse, well-cemented; contains very fine sand
to medium gravel__--_________-_--_-_-__-_-_____--__--___-_ 4.5 125.5
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, tan ____._-__-_______._______-____ 16.5 142
Clay, silty, hard, tan; interbedded with caliche.__-___-_---_-___- 33 175
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green; interbedded with sand, gravel,
and caliche ..._____-__________-___-___.____.____________-. 6.5 181.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, cemented with caliche ____.. 3 184.5
Sand, medium to very coarse, clayey, loose; contains very fine
sand to very fine gravel-_-___-_---_--___.___________-____-_ 15.5 200
Caliche, sandy, gray _________________________________________ 4 204
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose __________________________ 10 214
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty_____________________.__________ 8 222
Clay, silty, tan ______________________________________________ 13 235
Chadron formation:
Clay, hard, plastic, gray to light-green _______________________ 27 262
Clay, hard, plastic, light-gray, pink, and yellow ________________ 5 267
Chert, yellow.___-_.---.-_____________________________ 1 268
Clay, hard, plastic, light-gray, pink, and yellow____.__-.________ 4 272
Clay, hard, gray, yellow, pink, and blue __--_-_____--___-_______ 2 274
Chert.. _______________________________________________ 1 275
Clay, hard, gray, yellow, pink and blue_______._________________ 19 294
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray_-________-_-_---__--_---___-____ 4 298
Toble 27. Sample logs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-42-32ccd

Soil, silty, light-to dark-brown_-_----_---_--_-_-------------- 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, soft, white-______________----__---------_----_ 1 3
Sand, coarse, to very coarse gravel, loose, green ______________ 6.5 9.5
Caliche, sandy, soft, white to gray_--___----_--_---_-..--------_ 2.5 12
Siltstone, sandy, soft, brown..___________---__-__--_-_---__--_ 4 16
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, brown ___________.______-__---_--_---_ 8 24
Gravel, very fine, to pebbles, loose; contains very fine to very
coarse sand ___-______________________-____--_---___-_--.._ 15.5 39.5
Clay, silty, hard, red-brown_______-_..___--__.___---_.--__--_ 6.5 46
Clay, silty, soft, brown --...._._-_...-..-_-_-._-----_---.__-- 3 49
Caliche, sandy, clayey, soft, white to tan__-_-______-__-__-_---_ 9 58
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose, green _____-___.___.-___. 8 66
Clay, silty, soft, gray..___..._..____-----___----_._-------- .5 66.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, loose, tan; contains pebbles. _ 6.5 73
Clay, silty, soft, tan____-_-____-_.__-__----_--_------_------- 12 85
Caliche, silty, hard, white_______________-___--_-_-____-__---_ 6 91
Clay, sandy, soft, tan.......______________..____.-_-----. 1 92
Gravel, very fine, to pebbles, very loose, tan to pink; contains
very fine to very coarse sand_________--_-____----___---___- 34 126
Caliche, silty, medium-hard, gray to white_____________-__-___- 11 137
Caliche, sandy, hard, gray..._____________--___-_.--___------_ 1 138
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray to white; contains layers of
gray soft to hard silt --___-___---_-_-__--_----------_----_- 44 182
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, medium-hard, tan ___________ 22 204
Chadron formation:
Clay, silty, soft, olive-green -____---_--_--____-----__-------- 10 214
Silt, slightly clayey, soft, olive-green --.__--_-_-----_--------- 18 232
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, hard, olive-green; contains
streaks of white hard caliche and green clay._____-______--_-_ 12 244
Sand, very fine to medium, slightly cemented, tan._._________._. 6 250
Clay, soft, plastic, olive-green ___--__--_----___----_-_-_---_- 6 256
Clay, silty, limonite stain, hard streaks, yellow to green _____._. 12 268
Clay, limonite stain, hard, mottled yellow, gray, green, mauve,
and red ....___________________.___-.._-__..__.-_-.... 5 273
Pierre shale:
Shale, hard, black..________________________________________ 9 282
SEDGWICK COUNTY, COLO.
9-47-lddd
Dune Sand:
Soil, sandy, brown._.___.______..___..___._____-____----__.

Sand, medium, loose; contains very fine sand to medium gravel __
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, medium-soft, white to brown _--_-_.--___-_-_. 1 10
Gravel, very coarse, to very fine sand,loose; contains pebbles and1
cobbles -___-_- -________________________--__--___-_-_- 28 38
Clay, silty, soft, red-brown __________--____-__----_---_--_. 46
BASIC DATA 153
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-47 - Iddd Continued
Ogaliala formation Continued

Sand, very fine., silty, loose, tan; contains fine to very coarse
sand..______._________...___ 8 54
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, tan___-._.____-____-----. 18 72
Silt, sandy, soft, tan; contains layers of white soft bentonite and
white hard caliche.__-_____--______-_____---_-_------_---_- 8 80
Silt, medium-hard, gray-green-_____-__-__---__--___-__------ 2 82
Caliche, sandy, soft, white _-_-.__-__-__-_-_-___-_--____------ 5 87
Caliche, siliceous, very hard, white___-___--__------__-------_ 2 89
Caliche, sandy, medium-soft, white; contains streaks of hard
caliche.-...-.-----_----_..-__..---__.---__-_----------_- 12 101
Silt, clayey, calcareous, medium-soft, tan ._-._____--_-_----__- 5 106
Clay, plastic, soft, brown __.____.._.-..___-_.___.______---__- 10 116
Sand, coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very fine
gravel__-_____--___---_-_------_----_------__-----------_ 8 124
Sand, very fine, silty, loose, tan ______________________________ 4 128
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, tan___-_______--______.-_ 5 133
Caliche, medium-hard, white to tan ....____....____...__.---_- 1 134
Silt, sandy, calcareous, soft, tan; contains thin streaks of brown
soft clay and white hard caliche ____________________________ 14 148
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, tan _.__..._.-_-._.__-..._-_.-..--_--_ 15 163
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, soft, tan__._-.-____-----_--_--- 6 169
Sand, fine, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very fine gravel
and pebbles_________-______-______-____--_--__---_-_-_-__- 8 177
Clay, silty, medium-soft, tan__--_____-_____----___---_.__---- 7 184
Clay, very calcareous, soft, white ____---__--__-_..-_---_-_---- 4 188
Bentonite, soft, white--------.------------------------------- 2 190
Clay, sandy, silty, calcareous, medium-soft, tan .__---___-____- 11 201
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, loose, tan.____--_____---__ 2 203
Clay, sandy, silty, calcareous, medium-soft, brown.-.-.-------- 3 206
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, cemented, tan.-------.--------. 14 220
Clay, sandy, silty, medium-hard, brown __-.._.____._...___-._. 5 225
Sand, very fine, loose, tan; contains fine sand to fine gravel--..-. 20 245
Silt, sandy, medium-soft, brown; contains thin streaks of white
hard caliche.-------------------.------------------------- 33 278
gravel_---_-.-------_---__----..----._-_--_--_-__-------- 13 291
Silt, slightly clayey, micaceous, medium-hard, gray-green __-_-. 16 307
gravel.----..--..-._--....--_.._.....-._....__-__..-_-__- 5 312
Brule formation:
Siltstone, slightly clayey, micaceous, medium-hard, brown ______ 20 332
10-42-32ccd
Soil, silty, sandy._-_..______________________________________ 2 2

Ogaliala formation:
Limestone, hard, white to orange--___---_._---__.-___--______ 1 3
Caliche, hard, white-___--.--_-___........___________________ 7 10
Caliche, sandy, soft, buff to tan_._____________________________ 13.5 23.5
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, medium-brown-__-----__._.______--__- 17 40.5
Sand, fine, to fine gravel------------.-.-_._--_-.-__._.---.-- 8.2 48.7
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, medium-brown___.___--_._-___._..--__ 3.3 52
Sand, coarse to very coarse, silty; contains very fine to medium
sand and very fine to medium gravel _-__-_-----_--_-_-----__ 11 63
655012 O - 63 - 11
Thickness
(feet)
10 -42 -32ccd Continued

Clay, soft, brown; interbedded with green to brown sandy, silty
caliche __________ _________________________________________ 13
Clay, plastic, brown ____-_.__...____________--__-_--___-____-- 16
Silt, clayey, and clay, silty, sandy--------_--_-_-__---_----_--_ 13
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains some coarse gravel.--... 50
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, brown to buff ____._---___-_---__-_--__ 11
Caliche, soft, white; interbedded with white chert -_-----__--__-- 3
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, tan .-.__---___-_-.___---_-----_--__-- 5.5
Silt, clayey, hard, medium-brown -____---,--__--_--_--__--_-_- 4.5
Caliche, sandy, silty, soft, gray..----------------------------- 13
Clay, silty, sandy, buff.--...____----_---_-_--------_-----_-_- 13
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, calcareous, well-cemented ______ 15
Clay, soft, gray.._________________________________--------- 13.5
Clay, silty, sandy,tan --_____.___-_-----_.--_-_-_-----_--___- 11.5
Sand, fine to coarse, loose; contains very coarse sand to very
fine gravel and thin layers of clay and silt _____---__---__-__- 29
Silt, clayey, hard, green; contains thin streaks of caliche________ 9
Sand, fine to coarse, well-rounded; contains some very coarse
sand to fine gravel ________________________________________ 3
Silt, clayey, soft, buff__-____.__---_--_------------------__--- 8
Sand, fine to coarse, well-rounded, frosted; contains very coarse
sand to very fine gravel and some caliche._._________________ 18
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand to very
fine gravel _______________________________________________ 4
Silt and caliche _____________________________________________ 2
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand to very
fine gravel _-._-.-._____-_.-_-._--._____.._.-._.__________ 8
Brule formation:
Clay, silty, soft, gray to green___----_--__---__-__-__--_______ 16.5
Clay, dense, brown, and buff silt, sandy_______________-________ 2
Chadron formation:
Sandstone, very fine grained, quartzitic, light-green -__-._-_-___ 1
Silt, clayey, hard, gray to green _--_-_--__--_-_--_-____-----_- 26.5
Silt, sandy, soft, green; contains partly cemented layers._-_--___ 10
Silt, clayey, sandy, soft, green; contains some caliche and
limonitic stains at 397 ft __-___------____-_--____.__.--_._ 20
Silt, clayey, hard, white to gray-_---___-_-_-_-_--------_-_-__- 6
Sand, very fine, silty, white to gray---------------------------- 26
Clay, limonitic, plastic, yellow___-_--_--------_-----_-------__ 8.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, well-cemented, blue_.______ 4.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, blue--_---__---__-_--_--._ 5
Clay, plastic, varicolored with light shades of blue, purple, green,
and tan___________________________________________________ 8.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow, light-blue and dark-gray, and dark-gray
shale. ____________________________________________________ 11.5
10-43-6bbb
Soil silty, sandy, dark-brown _____-_----____--_----__--_---___ 1

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft to hard, buff; contains sand and gravel..-.-____-___ 4
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _..____.._.__...______ 17
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose _-.-_-__-----_--._.-__- 32
BASIC DATA 155
Table 27. Sample JQfls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-43-6bbb Continued

Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,well cemented with caliche ----- 1.5 55.5
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, tan_--_-________-__-___-__---___-_-- 8.5 64
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel _________________________________ 13 77
Clay, sandy, hard, tan _______________.____________-_--___----- 20 97
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel _________________________________ 29 126
Caliche, hard...._____.______-.-.._______..-.-__..-- 1 127
Clay, soft, tan; contains sand, silt, and gravel.__________________ 55 182
Clay, soft, tan; interbedded with caliche; contains sand, silt, and
gravel_._.________________________________________.. 31.5 213.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel _-_-______--_-_--___--_-_--___--_ 5.5 219
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly, buff_______________________________ 23 242
Silt, clayey; contains sand and gravel _________________________ 10 252
Clay, sandy, soft, tan; interbedded with buff caliche_.._--_____--- 11 263
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel ________-_______-__--_--_-_- 21 284
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,clayey__-______-_________-_- 2 286
Clay, sandy, soft, white to brown __________.______--__-_--___-_ 6 292
Clay, sandy, soft, white to brown; contains some brown to green
dense clay...___________________________________________ 16 308
Sand, very fine.to fine gravel__________________________________ 2 310
Clay, sandy, soft; interbedded with thin layers of sand and gravel __ 11 321
Clay, sandy, soft, tan to buff _-_--___--____------___-_--_-__--- 13 334
Caliche ________.________________.-_-.________.__ 1 335
Clay, sandy, soft, tan to buff __________________________________ 17 352
Clay, sandy, soft; interbedded with dense clay___________________ 9 361
Sand, very fine, to fine graveljcontains some clay and streaks of
caliche..__________________________________________________ 26 387
Clay, sandy, soft, tan to brown; contains some dense clay ________ 13 400
Caliche, hard, white______________________..._._____._________ 4 404
Brule formation:
Clay, dense, dark-brown; contains tan hard silty clay -___-_--_--_ 18 422
Clay, silty, hard, tan_________________________________________ 83 505
Chadron formation:
Clay, hard, dense, blocky, light-green, gray, and white; contains
thin layers of red sandstone-__-_--__--__-__-__---_.---___-_- 37 542
Clay, hard, dense, blocky, green, gray, yellow, and brown with
some red stain ____________________________________________ 38 580
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, light-gray, yellow-green, and dark-gray..--_. 18___ 598
10-44-31ccc
Soil, silty, dark-brown ______________._______________...____-. 2.5 2.5

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, calcareous, red brown ____________ 15.5 18
Sandstone, silty, red-brown, and gray soft sandy caliche; contains
streaks of red-brown soft sandy clay ____---__--------_--_--_ 27 45
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, red-brown; contains streaks of white
soft caliche______._.______._.____.___.__.______--_--__._-- 10 55
Caliche, sandy, clayey, soft, gray..-____-_-----___---____-__--- 2 57
Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, loose, red-brown _________________ 13 70
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel.loose, tan---___------_--__------ 2.5 72.5
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, brown --_--_______-__-__--------_----- 1.5 74
Gravel, very fine to very coarse; contains very fine to very
coarse sand-___----__-___-_-___-___-_________--__._____-__ 17 91
Thickness
(feet)
10-44-31ccc Continued

Silt, clayey, medium-hard, brown. ________ _---_--_--_--_-_-___ 3
Clay, plastic, medium-hard, gray-green; contains streaks of
white hard caliche ________________________________________ 9
Silt, clayey, micaceous, medium-hard, red-brown ______________ 3
Clay, blocky, hard, brown_-_--_---_---_----_---__-----_-____- 11
Silt, clayey, micaceous, calcareous, medium-hard, light-gray;
contains streaks of white hard caliche_________---__--_-_____ 9
Caliche, hard, white________________________-__-____________- 3
Clay, blocky, medium-hard,tan ______________________________ 3
Caliche, sandy, clayey, medium-hard, gray; contains streaks of
white hard caliche.________________________________________ 22
Clay, silty, sandy, micaceous, calcareous, hard, tan .__-._______ 18
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,cemented, hard, tan to green _____ 7
Caliche, sandy, clayey, medium-hard, gray __-_-_--_-_____-_-_- 12
Clay, sandy, calcareous, medium-hard, gray to brown __________ 3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,cemented, medium-hard _____ 7
Clay, silty, sandy, medium-hard, tan--_--_-__----------_--_-_- 3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,silty, slightly cemented, tan __ 26
Silt, sandy, medium-hard, tan ________________________________ 2
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,loose, tan to gray ___.-__._______ 8
Silt, micaceous, medium-hard, tan. _________._-_____-___-__-_. 2
Clay, blocky, hard, gray; contains tan medium-hard micaceous,
sandy silt ________________________________________________ 21
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,cemented, tan to green __________ 14
Silt, sandy, micaceous, medium-hard, gray to brown____________ 7
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty, loose, green ___-_---_--.__ 25
Brule formation:
Silt, slightly clayey, micaceous, hard, gray-green ___----__--___ 67
Chadron formation:
Caliche, hard, white_________________________-_---___________ 2
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, tan to light-gray tinged with pink;
contains red-brown claystone _____-----___-__-------_-.__-_ 20
Siltstone, clayey, calcareous, very hard, white _________________ 4.5
Siltstone, clayey, very hard, light-green__------_-------___-_-_ 2
Siltstone, clayey, calcareous, very hard, light-gray; contains
light-green and gray claystone ____________-_.----_-______-_ 13.5
Siltstone, clayey, very hard, light-gray; contains gray claystone__ 10
Claystone, very hard, gray, green, and tan; contains pink
claystone-_____________________ _ ____________ -____-____- 52
Silt, clayey, soft, light blue-green ____ __-_-____-_-_.-________ 4
Claystone, very hard, red-brown, tan, and green .-.____-_______ 8
Pierre shale:
Shale, black with limonite stain_____-_-------___-_-___--_-____ 2
10-44-36ddd
Soil, silty, sandy.___________________________________________ 2

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, clay, and sand; interbedded -.__--_---_-----_-_-___-__ 2
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel;contains some caliche_________ 5
Clay, sandy, soft____________________________________________ 4
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains reworked nodules of
caliche ________________________________________________
Clay, sandy, silty, brown _-___-___________--___--_---_-___-
BASIC DATA 157
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-44 -36ddd Continued

Sand, very fine, to medium gravel_____----_-__________________ 10.5 41.5
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _____________________________________ 8.5 50
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel--_------__-_-_-_---_--_--_-_ 5 55
Clay, silty, soft, dark-brown; contains some sandy layers _.__-._ 23 78
Clay, hard, plastic, brown.___________________________________ 2.5 80.5
Clay, sandy, brown __________________________________________ 3.5 84
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose; contains very coarse sand to
fine gravel_-._'--___--____________________________________ 14 98
Clay, silty, sandy, hard ______________________________________ 2 100
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose____-_--__-___-__-______ 14.5 114.5
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ .5 115
Clay, sandy, gravelly, hard, plastic____________________________ 9 124
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 2 126
Clay, hard, plastic __________________________________________ 10 136
Clay, sandy, soft, brown; contains some gravel and caliche .-.___ 4 140
Caliche, white; interbedded with clay __________________________ 7 147
Clay, silty, sandy, brown_____________j_______________________ 5 152
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, buff-_----_._________________________ 12 164
Silt and clay, sandy, buff.____________________________________ 5 169
Silt, clayey, sandy, hard, green to tan _-___--_-______-__-_____- 8 177
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel,loose; contains very fine to
medium sand and fine to medium gravel _--_-_--_______--___- 12 189
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel,well-cemented; contains very
fine to medium sand and fine to medium gravel ---_____--__-__ 5 194
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel,loose; contains very fine to
medium sand and fine to medium gravel ---_-___-___-_----___ 3 197
Silt, sandy, hard,tan ________________________________________ 5 202
Caliche, silty, sandy, tan_____________________________________ 2 204
Silt, clayey, sandy, hard, tan -_-----_---__-_________-_________ 3 207
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel,clayey _________________________ 9 216
Clay, silty, hard, tan ________________________________________ 3 219
Clay, silty, hard, tan; contains thin stringers of caliche....______ 3 222
Clay, silty, hard, tan ________________________________________ 1 223
Silt, clayey, sandy,tan_______________________________________ 10 233
Caliche, buff to gray; interbedded with silty clay._______________ 7 240
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,clayey; interbedded with
blue-gray caliche and some fine gravel ._---__-__.___________ 24 264
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, clayey, well-cemented;
interbedded with blue-gray caliche and some fine gravel. ______ 1 265
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,clayey; interbedded with
blue-gray caliche and some fine gravel-_--__-._____.--___._ 8 273
Silt, sandy; interbedded with cherty, sandy caliche __.__-_-_-.___ 19 292
Caliche, sandy, hard, white; contains thin streaks of clay ________ 32 324
Sand, very fine, to fine graveljcontains caliche and chert._______ 9 333
Clay, sandy, soft, plastic; contains some caliche-_-------_-__-__ 41.5 374.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow .-....-_._._...................._..____7.5 382
10-45-7bbb
Soil, silty, dark-brown_______________________________________ l 1

Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, calcareous, red-brown ___________________________ 5 6
Table 27. So mple lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness
(feet)
10-45- Tbbb C ontinued

Sand, very coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to coarse
gravel___________________________________________________ 13
Clay, sandy, soft, red-brown.________________________________ 3
Silt and sand, very fine, cemented/ medium -hard; contains
stringers of gray hard caliche._____________________________ 12
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, tan --__-_---________ 3
Silt and sand, very fine, cemented, medium-hard; contains
streaks of red-brown soft clay _____________________________ 13
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, red-brown _.-__----____________-__ 10
Gravel, very fine, loose; contains very fine sand to fine gravel __ 3
Clay, sandy, soft; contains streaks of cemented silt and very fine
sand; tan to red brown ____________________________________ 10
Silt, clayey, sandy, medium-soft, gray --__-.__-____-___--__.-- 2
Silt, clayey, sandy, medium-soft, red-brown.__________________ 7
Sand, coarse, loose; contains very fine sand to fine gravel ______ 43
Clay, silty, sandy, medium-soft, gray... -___-__.-__-____-__-_- 16
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, ,loose, tan _____________________ 9
Silt, sandy, soft, brown______________________________________ 18
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, white __.-__---_..______________ 7
Clay and caliche, silty, medium-hard, gray to brown -_---.__--_ 50
Sand, medium, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very fine
gravel___________________________________________________ 10
Clay, sandy, calcareous, medium-hard, tan to gray_.--_-__---.- 10
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, partly cemented, tan.__--._ 22
Silt and sand, very fine, cemented, tan ________________________ 9
Sand, very fine; contains fine to very coarse sand and tan hard
cemented silt ____________________________________________ 30
Clay, sandy, silty, medium-hard, brown.-_-___________________ 24
Sand, coarse; contains very fine sand to fine gravel, slightly
cemented, tan ____________________________________________ 14
White River group:
Clay, silty, medium -hard, brown _____________________________ 38
Clay, silty, medium-soft, brown; contains thin layers of
red-brown hard claystone --___-____--____--_______________ 20
Clay, silty, medium-soft, brown to red-brown; contains thin
layers of red-brown hard claystone _________________________ 24
Clay and silt, micaceous, medium-soft, brown _________________ 160
Caliche, hard, white ___________________________________ ___ .5
Clay and silt, micaceous, medium-hard, brown ________________ 10.5
Siltstone, white to gray, and brown very hard claystone __________ 2
Sandstone, silty, clayey, hard, blue-green; contains streaks of
brown claystone and white siltstone.._______________________ 39
Claystone, hard, olive-green to brown with limonitic stain __.-_. 54
10-46-36ddd
Ogallala format'
Soil, silty, sandy, dark-brown.. ______________________________
Silt, calcareous, light-gray __________________________________
Sand, very coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to medium
gravel and streaks of gray caliche__________________________
Gravel, medium, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very
coarse gravel____________________________________________ 46
Clay, sandy, medium-hard,tan ______________________________ 17
BASIC DATA 159
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-46 -36ddd Continued

Sand, coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to fine gravel... 24 95
Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, medium-soft, tan __--___-___-____ 7 102
Silt, soft; contains very fine sand, tan _________________________ 15 117
Sand, coarse, loose, tan to green; contains very fine sand to fine
gravel ....___.__.._____________-______--___---_-_-_- 23 140
Caliche, siliceous, very hard, white.-.__--.._--_-______----_-_ 2 142
Clay, sandy, soft,tan__._-_--_-_______-__--___-____-___---_- 2 144
Silt, clayey, sandy, medium-hard, gray-to red-brown; contains
streaks of white medium-hard caliche __ ___-___-_-______---__ 31 175
Sand, very coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very fine
gravel___________________________________________________ 3 178
Clay, medium-hard, plastic, brown ___________________________ 16 194
Sand, very fine, cemented, medium-hard, tan; contains fine to
very coarse sand __________________________________________ 6 200
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, medium-hard, tan _________---__ 29 229
Sand, medium, silty, slightly cemented, tan; contains very fine
sand to very fine gravel _________________________________ 16 245
Sand, very fine, slightly cemented to loose, tan; contains fine to
very coarse sand _________________________________________ 9 254
Sand, coarse, loose, tan to green; contains very fine sand to very
fine gravel; interbedded with streaks of brown soft clay ___.__- 58 312
Sand, very fine, silty, calcareous, cemented, tan _______________ 14 326
Silt, clayey, soft, tan ___--_-___-___-_______--___-__--___--__- 6 332
Sand, very coarse, loose, tan; contains very fine sand to very
fine gravel_______________________________________________ 13 345
Brule formation:
Siltstone, slightly clayey, very hard, gray _--_-___--__----_-_-- 7 352
10-47-Slccc

Soil, sandy, silty, dark-brown _--_-_--_-_-___________-___-____ 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, clayey, soft, white to red-brown. _ ______________ 6 17
Gravel, fine, loose; contains very fine sand to pebbles __________ 28 45
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, tan _______________________________ 9 58
Caliche, hard, white___-________-___-________-___________-___ .3 58.3
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, tan _______________________________ 6.7 65
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, gray_____--_-_________-_-____-_ 10 75
Sandstone, medium-soft, brown; contains streaks of white hard
caliche __________________________________________________ 20 95
Silt, sandy, clayey, calcareous, soft, red-brown ________________ 31 126
Sand, very fine, loose, tan; contains fine to very coarse sand ____ 12 138
Clay, silty, soft, brown ____________________-_____-_----_---_ 11.5 149.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty, loose, tan ________________ 15.5 165
Caliche, medium-hard, white_-______-________-__-_--_____-___ 1 166
Silt, sandy, medium-soft, tan----_-___________-__-_-_-____--__ 6 172
Sand, very fine, loose, tan; contains fine sand to very finegraveL. 24 196
Clay, silty, soft, brown; contains steaks of sand ________________ 10 206
Sand, fine, loose, tan; contains very fine to very coarse sand ____ 2 208
Clay, silty, sandy, medium-soft, gray-green to brown__________. 11 219
________________Toble 27. Sample Ions of test holes Continued_________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Sand, very fine, loose, tan; contains fine sand to medium gravel._ 23 242
Silt, medium-hard, brown.___________________________________ 2 244
Sand, very fine, loose, tan; contains fine sand to medium gravel._ 30 274
Clay, silty, soft, red-brown __-_-----__-_----__-_-----_-_-_--- 2 276
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose, tan; contains thin streaks
of red-brown clay-------_------._------------------------- 14 290
Brule formation:
Silt, clayey, micaceous, medium-hard, tan__---___-___--__----- 74 364
Chadron formation:
Siltstone, hard, gray-green.___________________----------_____ 30 394
Siltstone, hard, tan; contains streaks of maroon and green
claystone. __________________________.__..__..____--.. 17.7 411.7
Siltstone, clayey, hard, tan; contains streaks of maroon and
green claystone___._.____.___...__..._-___.________.______ 52.3 464
Siltstone, clayey, hard; contains streaks of blue-green claystone. _ 72 536
Sandstone, very fine grained, clayey, silty, medium-soft, white
to tan___.________________________________________________ 2 538
Claystone, sandy, hard, blue-green and white _...--_--_--._-_-- 28 566
Claystone, sandy, hard, blue-green and white; interbedded with
pink clay... .. __________________________.---..__--- 35 601
Pierre shale(?):
Clay, hard, yellow __________________________________________ 1 ___ 602
ll-42-32ccd
Soil, silty, sandy, brown _____________________________________ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, hard, white to buff; contains very fine sand to fine
gravel ___________________________________________________ 3 5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel_-________.___--__.._-_-______._- 21 26
Silt, clayey, hard; contains very fine to very coarse sand _______ 6 32
Clay, silty ___ __________________________ 4 36
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 1 37
Clay, silty _________________________________________________ 1.5 38.5
Clay, hard, plastic, gray-green___.___________________________ 2 40.5
Caliche, hard, buff __________________________________________ 2.5 43
Silt, hard, tan; contains very fine to very coarse sand_._._______ 13.5 56.5
Sand, fine, to fine gravel,loose__-____________________________ 14 70.5
Clay, hard, plastic, tan; contains fine sand to medium gravel;
interbedded with layers of sand and gravel-__________________ 10.5 81
Sand, medium to very coarse, loose; contains very fine sand to
fine gravel _______________________________________________ 17.5 98.5
Clay, silty, hard, gray________-____.________________________ 7.5 106
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel_silty___________________________ 19 125
Clay, silty, hard; contains very fine to very coarse sand ________ 10 135
Silt, hard, tan; contains very fine sand to fine gravel.___________ 11 152
Clay, silty, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse
sand; interbedded with dense clay_ _______ ___________________ 21 173
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty________._________________. 5 178
Clay, silty, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse
sand___..__________________________.___________ 6 184
gravel ___________________________________________________ 3 187
BASIC DATA 161
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
11 -42 -32ccd Continued

Clay, silty, hard, light-brown, and clayey silt; contains very fine
to very coarse sand..._____________________________________ 17 204
Caliche, hard, white; contains some white chert _____ ____________ 7.5 211.5
Silt, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand____ 7.5 219
Chert, white______________________________________________ 2 221
Silt, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand
and buff hard caliche_______________________________________ 11 232
Silt and clay; light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand
and caliche _______________________________________________ 16 248
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,silty; interbedded with
sandy silt___._____________________________________________ 4 252
Silt, hard, tan to green; contains sand, gravel, and caliche._______ 6.5 258.5
Caliche, hard, buff_..________________________________________ 1 259.5
Silt, hard, tan to green; contains sand, gravel, and caliche;
interbedded with silty clay_--______-__-____________-___.____ 12.5 272
Silt, sandy, hard, tan; contains some large pebbles; interbedded
with lenses of clay.._______________________________________ 13 285
Sand, very fine, medium to gravel _____________________________ 4 289
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, well-cemented.._____________ 2.5 291.5
Clay and silt; contains very fine to very coarse sand ____________ 17.5 309
Sand, fine, to very fine gravel,well -cemented; interbedded with
soft sandy to silty clay ______________________________________ 11 320
Clay, hard, plastic, tan; contains very fine to very coarse sand
and some caliche ...._...________________________________ 12 332
White River group:
Silt, clayey, tan; contains very fine to coarse sand and caliche.... 40 372
Silt, clayey, tan; contains lenses of brown dense clay _______...__ 10 382
Silt, clayey, tan; contains lenses of very fine to very coarse sand _ 4.5 386.5
Sand, medium to coarse; contains very fine to very coarse sand __ 9.5 396
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green _______________________________ 6 402
Claystone, hard, green; contains maroon hard clay ..__--_____.__ 10 412
Clay, silty, hard, gray-green _-___.__.._____________.__..____ 7 419
Clay, plastic, and hard green claystone; contains layers of gray
and maroon hard clay ______________________________________ 23 442
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, gray to tan_______________________ 40 482
Clay, hard, plastic, white to green________________.____________ 30 512
Clay, hard, plastic, green ____________________________________ 17 529
Clay, silty, calcareous, very hard, white to gray .__.._______..__ 22 551
Silt stone, hard, white to light-green; contains layers of white hard
silty clay _______.__..._________________________.... 14 565
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow and light-gray with limonitic stain .__. 17 582
Sandstone, very fine grained, hard, light-blue..________________ 13 595
Sandstone, fine-grained, very hard, royal-blue to blue-gray ______ 4 599
Pierre(?) shale:
Clay, silty, hard, light-blue___________________________________ 14 613
ll-45-8ddb

Soil, sandy, black; contains fine to medium gravel.__.__.__._._.. 6 6
Gravel, coarse, pink to tan ___________________________________ 1 14
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _______________________ 19 33
__________________Table 27. Sample logs of test holes Continued__________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
11-45 -8ddb Continued

Clay, light-brown to black; contains silt. _________________ 8.6 41.6
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ________-_--_-_--__-.. 2.3 43.9
Brule formation:
Clay and siltstone, light-tan ____________________________ 9.1 53
ll-45-17dcd

Soil, sand, and gravel, black to tan ___________________________ 5.5 5.5
Sand and gravel, tan to light -brown __-----_---_---------_---__ 11.5 17
Silt and sand, fine, gray _..___.__..___...______._________.___ 6 23
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ___----_---__--_-__----_-__ 12 35
Gravel, medium, pink to tan _________________________________ 8 43
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ___________________________ 10 53
Gravel, medium; interbedded with tan sand and clay ---_-_-_--__ 7 60
Clay and silt, light-tan to gray .......____._.______-__._____-. 7.5 67.5
Gravel, fine to coarse.______________________________________ 9 76.5
Clay and silt, light -gray to brown _____________----___--_-___- 8 84.5
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan _---_--__---_----_------___ 17.5 102
Silt; contains pink to tan very fine sand _______________________ 17 119
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ___________________________ 4 123
Gravel, fine to medium, calcareous cement, pink to tan _________ 6.2 129.2
Brule formation:
Silt; contains very fine sand and light-gray to tan clay---------- 23.8 153
ll-46-19aaa

Road fill.----------_-..__..-..-_________-__--_-----__----_- 8.9 8.9
Gravel, medium and coarse, pink to tan .-__.____--...__..._.__ 4.1 13
Silt; contains medium to coarse sand; tan to brown _-..-_--.____ 8 21
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan to light-gray _-__-.-__-.-_-. 7 28
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan ________________________ 5 33
Gravel, medium; contains coarse sand, pink to tan ____-__--_--- 8.6 41.6
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _-_-_._.___._-.--_-..__. 7.4 49
Clay, interbedded with silt and fine sand, tan to light-brown .__.. 7.5 56.5
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan; interbedded with tan clay.-.- 6.9 63.4
Sand, fine to msdium; contains silt and clay, tan to light-brown __ 25.5 88.9
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to tan ___________________________ 4.5 93.4
Sand, medium; cemented with calcium carbonate, tan to
light brown ______________________________________________ 10 103.4
Sand, fine to medium, and silt, tan_----_-------_--_--_--_----- 4 107.4
Gravel, medium, pink to tan _________________________________ 11 118.4
Sand, medium to coarse, cemented with calcium carbonate;
contains fine to medium gravel, pink to tan __________________ 5 123.4
Gravel, fine to medium, cemented with calcium carbonate _______ 10 133.4
Gravel, fine to medium, cemented with calcium carbonate;
contains medium to coarse sand, pink to brown ------_-_-____ 19.6 153
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to brown _-_--__-_-__--___--__-. 8 161
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to brown_---_--_-----___---__. 6 167
Sand, medium to coarse, light-tan; contains calcareousnodules __ 4 171
BASIC DATA 163
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
11-46-19aaa Continued

Siltstone, pink to tan___-_____-____---__--____________-----___ 2 173
Gravel, medium, pink to tan __________________________________ 2.5 175.5
Sand, coarse, and fine gravel,pink to tan to brown ______________ 4.3 179.8
Gravel, fine to medium, pink to brown __________-___-__------__ 5.5 185".3
Gravel, medium to coarse, cemented with silica, pink to tan -_-.- 29.7 215
ll-46-19add

Soil, silty, black; contains some gravel ________________________ 4.5 4.5
Clay, iron-stained, gray _____________________________________ 6 10.5
Gravel, medium to coarse, pink to tan _________________________ 6.7 17.2
Brule formation:
Siltstone; contains some clay, gray to tan ______________________ 25.8 43
Siltstone, sandy, slightly clayey, gray to tan ___..__._.._.._._._ 40 83
Chadron(?) formation:
Clay, light-gray-to light-green ______._.._._.._._____________ 10 93
Clay, light-gray-to light-green; contains trace of tan siltstone _._ 20 113
Clay, light-gray to white _____________________________________ 23 136
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow to brown; contains concretions _____-__---_--_----_ 17 153
Shale, hard, laminar, black___-_--__--_--____-____-____-__-__- 10 163
ll-46-19ddd

Silt, black; contains fine to coarse sand and medium gravel...... 8.5 8.5
Gravel, medium to coarse..._________________________________ 3.5 12
Brule formation:
Siltstone, tan to light-brown.....-.-.-..-..._.........---_---. 11 23
WASHINGTON COUNTY, CQLO.
4-49-laaa
[Drilled for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952. Surface altitude 4,153.2 ft]
Soil, silty, clayey, dark-brown.--_.___..__._____._____ 2

Silt, clayey, buff...-_........--._..._..._.__..._..... 2
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel;contains caliche and clay. 4
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _____________________________ 2 10
Clay, hard, plastic, brown____________________________ 6 16
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,clayey_._____________ 2 18
Silt, sandy, gravelly, brown .-_--_-__.________________ 14 32
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty___________________ 2 34
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose._______________ 9 43
Clay, silty, soft, brown ______________________________ 14 57
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;contains silt and clay- 7 64
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose________________ 73
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4 -49 - laaa Continued

Silt, clayey; contains sand and gravel_.____-____-___-_-__-_-_-_ 4 77
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose_-_-_____-_--__--------- 15 92
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel_____________--_.--_-_------- 15 107
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, brown _________________----__-__---_- 19 126
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,clayey.--------------------- 11 137
Silt, sandy,tan_._______________....._.______.______----_---- 6 143
Caliche --------_.._._._.____________..._____..__--_-_-.-- 4 147
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel-.-..____-.___-_-----__---_-_ 3 150
Brule formation(?):
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, brown; contains some caliche _-_-____-_ 12 162
Silt, clayey, brown; contains sand, gravel, and caliche.-------.-- 40 202
Caliche, hard, white .__.__..._..____........__--..--__------ 9 211
Chadron formation(?):
Clay, hard, plastic, light-green, yellow, and light-blue; contains
thin layers of blue silt stone _--._____-______--__-------__--- 12 223
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray _--___-_---.-------------------- 3 226
4-51-laaa
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, clayey, brown._-_____-._.________-__----__--_--_-- 4
Silt, clayey, light-brown -----_--___..._._._------.-___------ 29 33
Sand, fine to medium; contains some very fine to very coarse
sand--_-_-----_-------------...-----_-_--------.__.-__- 4.5 37.5
Silt, clayey, light-brown ___-_______.-_____-__-_-_--___-_--_-- 13.5 51
Sand, very fine to very coarse--__-___.__-_--_____---____--__- 3 54
Silt, clayey, light-brown _____-____-._____-_-__-_--___-_---_-- 2 56
Silt, sandy, buff ___..________.__.._______ 10.5 66.5
Clay, silty, hard, buff----.-.---._____---__-.__.___-------- 3.5 70
Silt, clayey, sandy, buff_--._-______-_-----------._---_-_-__- 11.5 81.5
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel;interbedded with thin layers
of silt---_____________-.__________-- - 4.5 86
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; interbedded with layers of
caliche___________________________________________________ 2
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, gray, with limonitic stain, and light-brown
shale ...________________.__________________ 14 102
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow to yellow-gray__________-__----_-_-_ 2 104
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray________________________________ 8 112
YUMA COUNTY, COLO,
3-42-4ccc

Soil, sandy, dark-brown______________________ 1 1
Clay, sandy, fossiliferous, gray to green .-_--.. 9
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty .--___---_. 15
BASIC DATA 165
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-42 -4ccc Continued
Ogallala formation:
Clay, soft, light-gray________________________________________ 10 25
Clay, sandy; contains caliche_._______________________________ 6.8 31.8
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains some caliche_-___-____- 20.2 52
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, calcareous __--_-__---_-__-____ 14 66
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, calcareous; contains streaks of
clay_____________________________________________________ 3 69
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, calcareous _---___-__-_-___-___ 6 75
Caliche, sandy, white__._.___________________________________ 19 94
Caliche, sandy, clayey, cemented, buff to brown ________________ 11 105
Sand, very fine to medium, calcareous ________________________ 10 115
Caliche, sandy, clayey, white to buff __________________________ 20 135
Sand, very fine to coarse.-________________________________.__ 2 137
Sand and caliche, slightly cemented; interbedded with thin
streaks of brown dense clay__-_-__-________________________ 15 152
Sand, very fine, to fine loose gravel; contains caliche ___________ 12 164
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, well-cemented; contains caliche _. 5 169
Sand, very fine, to fine loose gravel; contains caliche ______ 6 175
Siltstone, calcareous, dark-brown __----------__-_-___________ 9 184
Sand, silty; contains caliche.......___________________________ 5.5 189.5
Clay, silty, dense, dark-brown _______________________________ 2.5 192
Sand, silty, calcareous ______________________________________ 8 200
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains caliche ________________ 9.5 209.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, partly cemented; contains caliche _ 2.5 212
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains caliche _______________ 1 213
Caliche, hard----_-_________________________________________ l 214
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; contains some thin layers of
clay._______________ ________________________________ 26 240
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, light-brown___..______________________ 11 251
Sand, very fine to very coarse_-_.____________________________ 11 262
Silt, sandy, clayey, soft, tan to green__-_____-.________________ 10 272
Sand, fine to medium, loose; contains coarse sand to fine gravel-. 14 286
Clay, silty, sandy; contains thin layers of sandstone__.__________ 8.5 294.5
Clay, sandy, soft, tan; contains thin layers of caliche and streaks
of dense hard clay ________________________________________ 22.5 317
Sand, fine, to very fine gravel _____________________________ 4.5 321.5
Clay, hard, tan -------__----_-______________________________ 7.5 329
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel ________________________________ 8.5 337.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains streaks of clay_________ 3.9 341.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow ___________________________________ 8.5 350
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray________________________________ 4.5 354.5
3-42-31bdd
Dune sand:
Sand, very fine to coarse..___________________________________ 12 12
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains some very coarse sand to fine
gravel-----_-------------_----___________________________ 9 21
Ogallala formation:
Clay, hard, buff to brown with limonitic stain; contains sand,
gravel, and caliche________________________________________ 30
Caliche, hard, buff __________________________________________ 12 42
Caliche, hard, buff; contains streaks of sand _-----_.___________ 8 50
Clay, silty, hard, medium-brown _____________________________ 5 55
.166 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
Table 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued_________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-42-31bdd Continued

Sand, very fine, to fine gravel and caliche; partly cemented ___ _ 6.5
Caliche, hard, buff_______....--_....._--___.---_.._.--------- .5
Clay, silty, soft, and caliche; buff ____.-_--_---_----__------_-_ 6
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff ________________-__-_--_-__----_____ 15
Caliche, cherty, hard, white-------__--_-----_------_---------- 3
Sand, fine to coarse, calcareous; contains very fine sand to fine
gravel-____-_________________.__.-__________-_____----_--- 6.5
Clay, silty, hard, medium-brown .-___.-_.--___-----__----_-_-. 5.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, calcareous; contains thin layers of
clay.-.-_...-__...___.._._..._......_....._.__.__...-_---- 14
Sand, very fine to very coarse, calcareous; contains some very
fine to medium gravel and thin layers of clay----------------- 14
Clay, interbedded with sand and caliche ---------__----_---_---- 6
Clay, and caliche; contains very fine to coarse sand ------------- 21
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains buff caliche--__-__-__-_- 9
Sand, very fine to very coarse, cemented.---------------------- 10
Sand, very fine to medium, loose; contains coarse to very coarse
sand -_....-_...._...._....-.-.--_-_.__-_.._.....-_-.-_.-- 38.5
Clay, soft -_.-_-...-.....--....--..._.-_..-_.._._-........-- .5
Sand, very fine to medium, loose; contains coarse to very coarse
sand ______---__.___.-_---__----____-----..-______.______. 6
Clay, sandy, soft, white to_gray; contains some caliche and thin
layers of chert ____..__.____..____..____.___.___.___.__._._ 9
Clay, sandy, soft, gray to buff______._________-________--__-_-- 16
Clay, silty, soft, gray to buff..---.....__-_...----_.-------__-_ 16
Caliche and sand, very fine to very coarse _____________________ 5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, greenish-yellow to gray-------------------- 11
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray__-_____--------------__-_------- 5
4-44-6bbb
Dune sand:
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, dark-brown ___---_-___--___---- 6
Clay, silty, white to gray ----.--__..._-___------_-------____-- 2
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose .__-__--.__----_--_------_ 18
Ogallala formation:
Clay, silty, gray..___________________________________________ 7
Clay, hard, gray to brown; contains caliche-___--_---_----_-__-- 6
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, light-brown...------- -__-___----.---.- 5
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly ______.__.._______-_______---_____- 3
Silt, clayey, sandy ___________________________________________ 19
Clay, hard, brown _-__--_-____-______--______--_______-______ 1
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,clayey, loose.__._-__-.-_---____- 6
Caliche, cemented, hard, white to buff .-------_---_-_-.----__-- 5
Clay, silty, sandy, plastic ____________________________________ 10
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose_.._._--___.----__--------_- 5
Clay, silty, sandy, buff-_--__.---.....--_----_------_---_-.--- 8
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained; interbedded
with layers of caliche -___._.--__._.___----__----_------__-- 23
Sand, very fine to very coarse, clayey, loose _.__-_-______-__-_- 11
Caliche, hard, buff---_--.____________-_-_-____-.-_-_--------- 5
Silt, clayey, sandy, tan ---__..__......-_--_--------__------.-- 8
BASIC DATA 167
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4 -44 -6bbb Continued

Caliche, hard, white to buff-----_---___-_-__-__-_-_-_-____--_- 2 150
Silt, compacted, tan; contains sand and gravel __________________ 6 156
Clay, silty, sandy, gray; contains some caliche _________________ 6 162
Clay, sandy, plastic, gray-green______________________________ 5 167
Clay, sandy, plastic, tan _____________________________________ 5 172
Clay, sandy, silty, plastic, tan ________________________________ 10 182
Clay, silty, sandy, calcareous ________________________________ 9 191
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose._--_--_--____-____-___ 18 209
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly, tan.______________________________ 5 214
Caliche, hard, white to gray __--____-____-.--_--__-____---____ 8 222
Caliche, soft; contains thin streaks of silty to sandy clay-__-_--._ 20 242
Silt, clayey, gray to tan; interbedded with dense clay ._-_______._ 20 262
Silt, clayey, sandy, gray to tan________________________________ 10 272
Silt, clayey, gray to tan; contains some caliche and thin layers
of clay ____--__--__-__._______._______________.____ 11 283
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel____________________________ 2.5 285.5
Clay, hard, plastic, light-brown...____________________________ 6.5 292
Clay, hard, plastic, light-brown; contains some dense blocky clay
and thin layers of sand....___._._________________.__.._.___ 14 306
Silt, sandy, clayey.........__________________________________ 18 324
Sand, very fine to very coarse-__-..._.___..___.._-._.__.._.._ 4 328
Caliche, gray to buff.._-._-.._.__________________._____.__.__ 6 334
Clay, silty, hard, light -brown.....__.__._.....___. .._.._._.__. 3 337
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel _..___..__._._____________.__.__ 6 343
Caliche, silty; contains thin layers of dense clay________________ 12 355
Sand, very fine to medium; contains caliche -_____--__-_________ 4 359
Caliche, sandy, hard, white to gray. ________ ___________________ 10 369
Pierre shale: ^
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow to yellow -green. _-------___-__-_-___ 3 372
4-46-6bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to coarse............._______._.._.__________- 6 6
Silt, sandy, gray; contains some gravel________________________ 1 7
Sand, very coarse, to very fine gravel;contains very fine sand to
fine gravel -___-.-_----.--_-_____-__-__.__.___________ 3 10
Clay, silty, hard, gray _______________________________________ 6 16
Clay, silty, brown; contains sand and gravel.__________________ 3 19
Caliche, hard, buff; contains sand and gravel __________________ 8 27
Clay, soft to hard, brown; contains some sand and caliche__-_-___ 9 36
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand to fine gravel. 6 42
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel___________________.____.__._ 10 52
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel; contains thin streaks of caliche _ 2.5 54.5
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown ________________________________ 10.5 65
Sand, very fine to very coarse, partly cemented; contains silt and
caliche___________________________________________________ 2 67
Clay, sandy, light-brown; contains streaks of plastic hard clay ___ 9 76
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty; partly cemented with
caliche-__________________________________________________ 8.5 84.5
Caliche, clayey, buff___._____________________________________ 3.5 88
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,clayey__________________________ 4 92
Clay, soft, tan; contains sand, gravel, and some caliche _________ 17 109
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Clay, hard, plastic, gray---_-_-_-____---_--_-_---_------.._--- 3.5 112.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel __-_--___----------_----__------ 2.5 115
Clay, micaceous, hard, plastic, gray to brown; contains sand and
gravel...__..________.._.._.._._...._____.__.__..__._____ 18 133
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,clayey, partly cemented._____ 9 142
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, brown __________-_-__-___--_____-_- 10 152
Clay, silty, micaceous, hard, brown; contains some layers of sand. 10 162
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly, hard, brown ______________________ 2 164
Sand.--------_---.-_._--__-_______.__.__._..___.-.__-.___._ 2 166
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly, hard, brown .__..__.._._..___..___ 15 181
Sand, fine, to fine gravel,clayey..____________________________ 8.5 189.5
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, gray to brown; contains thin streaks of
caliche __________________________________________________ 9.5 199
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel-___--__---_--------_--_----_--- 3 202
Silt, sandy_--______-_____________________________-___-___.__ 5 207
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, tan__--___--_--.--------__----------_ 7 214
Caliche, sandy, gravelly _--___-__--__--------_--__---_---_--- 9 223
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel _--_-_------_--__----_-_---- 14 237
Clay, silty, soft, tan; interbedded with caliche.-.--..-_-_-_-_--- 2 239
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,loose __-___-_--_------_-------_ 17 256
Caliche and clay; white to gray; contains very fine to very coarse
sand_____________________________________________________ 18 274
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel;contains some clay and
caliche _----.--_--__-_____________________-___-___-___.__ 9 283
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, tan-_-_--__---_--___---_-_-___----- 5 288
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff to gray.--..-...-..-_---------_-.-_- 34 322
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard, buff to gray; contains thin streaks
of brown and green clay._______-________-_-___---____-_-_-_ 18 340
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, tan _-_--_-___-____--__-__--_---_----_ 2 342
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, tan; interbedded with thin, layers of sand
and caliche_______________________________________________ 31.5 373.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, soft, plastic, yellow, and yellow shale_---_---_-------._-_ 4.5 378
5-43-36ddd

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, compact ___-__---__---__-____ 2 2
Silt, clayey, fossilliferous, gray __-_-__-_-- _---_----_--_--__-- 10 12
Clay, silty, limonitic, gray..__-__-_-___-__-__---_-----_-___-- 12 24
Clay, silty, sandy, gray._____________________________________ 7 31
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty_____--__-__--___-_--_-___- 1 32
Caliche, hard, buff; contains sand_._-_____-__-_-__-__-__-.___- 3 35
Ogallala formation:
Limestone, sandy, white to gray -_______--_-__----__--_------_ 1 36
Caliche, clayey, sandy, hard, gray _________-____-_-__--___-.__ 2 38
Caliche, sandy, hard, gray-green ______________-____--__--___. 30 68
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, plastic, gray___________---_---_-_ 8 76
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose _-__-----__----.----_--_--_ 12 88
Caliche, sandy, cherty, hard, white to buff __-_--_____-__--_____ 11 99
Clay, dense, dark-brown; contains some sand and caliche _______ 6 105
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained, calcareous. _ 20 125
Sand, fine, to medium gravel -__-__--___--____-_---___-__-_.-_ 7 132
Clay, sandy; interbedded with sandy caliche.--.__.-.___________ 14 146
BASIC DATA 169
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Siltstone and caliche; sandy __-_-_-__-__-______-_-____________ 2 148
Clay, silty, soft_____________________________________________ 4 152
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel_-_-__________-______________ 14 166
Clay, silty, calcareous; contains streaks of caliche and sand...-. 15.5 181.5
Clay, sandy, hard, light-brown...._._______._________... ...... 9 190.5
Caliche, sandy/white_--_-----_-_-____________-______________ 1.5 192
Caliche and sand, very fine to very coarse; contains streaks of
clay at 198.5 ft.__.._._..._._....._........._..__..._...__. 13 205
Caliche, hard and soft streaks, white __________________________ 3 208
Clay, silty, sandy, soft.........._......_._..__...._..___.__.. 4 212
Silt and sand; consolidated ___________________________________ 3 215
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,slightly cemented, greenish stain_. 9.5 224.5
Clay, sandy, calcareous..-__--_----___-________--______.__-__ 8.5 233
Caliche, buff to brown ------------__-__--__----_-________-___ 11 244
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;contains streaks of clay at
255 ft.........___....._._.._..__.---------........-... 22 266
Caliche, sandy, hard, white........_..._.._........__..._..._. 7 273
Sandstone, very fine grained to medium-grained, silty; contains
thin beds of clay ......._._______________________________ 14 287
Clay, sandy, calcareous, soft, buff ____________________________ 17 304
Clay, sandy, soft, buff _-----_._-._._._......._________.___._. 5.5 309.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse; interbedded with clay and sandy
clay..... ._ ----_.--_-.-_.__._..__......__________. 12.5 322
Sand, very fine to very coarse, clayey, calcareous ..._.__.__.... 10 332
Pier re shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray ___________________ 10.5 342.5
Clay, hard, plastic, dark-gray ________________________________ 4.5 347
CHASE COUNTY, NEBR.
5-36-2aac
Ogallala formation:
Silt, tan; contains very fine sand to fine gravel _________________ 12.5 12.5
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel;contains nodules of caliche_____ 2.5 15
Silt and sand, very fine to coarse, partly cemented,
medium -brown. ___________________________________________ 2.2 17.2
Caliche, hard, buff; contains streaks of sand, gravel, and silt _.__ 23.8 41
Caliche and siltstone, hard; contains very fine to coarse sand ____ 6.7 47.7
Caliche and silt, soft -----__---_-____________________________ 3.3 51
Silt, sandy, hard to soft; contains some caliche _.______________ 2 79
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,silty, slightly cemented ______ 9.5 88..S
Caliche and silt; contains very fine to medium sand _____________ 15.5 104
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained, gray-green
contains some very fine gravel _____________________________ 7 111
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,slightly cemented.___________ 4 115
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,silty _.-_--_-_._____________ 1 116
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose_______________________ 5 121
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel ________________________________ 8.8 129.8
Silt, clayey, buff ----_--__----__.____________________.__.____ 1.2 131
Silt; interbedded with siltstone and very fine grained 'to
coarse-grained sandstone --_----___._______________________ 12.3 143.3
.655012 O - 63 - 12
Toble 27. Sample lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-36 -2aac Continued
Ogallala formation continued

Silt, clayey, soft, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse
sand. .__...._..__......_______....._____-___-___. 17.7 161
Siltstone, tan; contains thin layers of caliche--___-_-__--_______ 10 , 171
Sandstone, very fine grained to fine-grained; interbedded with
siltstone and silt......._.._.____.__..... ...._.---- 10 181
Silt, clayey, hard; contains some caliche.___--__-_---_-___----- 8 189
Sand, very fine to very coarse, partly cemented; contains some
silt and gravel...__..-._...____._---_...----- ... 25 214
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray, and yellow shale.-.-...- 3 217
Clay, plastic, dark-blue .._.___..-.-_------.----------------- 4 221
5-36-36ccc
Sanborn formation:
Silt, soft, tan.___.____._..._...___.__...-.--.__-.--- 22 22
Silt, soft, tan; contains some caliche_-___------__--_---------- 14 36
Ogallala formation:
Limestone, hard, buff and white ___-___-__--_--_--_----.----_--. 2 38
Caliche, hard to soft, buff to white _..__----------------------- 16 54
Silt, tan, and sand, very fine to very coarse; slightly cemented.._ 22 76
Chert, glassy, translucent _.....__.._......-_.--.--.----_.--- 1 77
Silt, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand and
caliche ._____.__..__._______________________.. 35 112
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains silt, caliche, and some
very fine to medium gravel _-___-_-_-__-_--_---___--__----- 10 122
Silt and siltstone; tan-_-_-____-_-_-______-_-------_---------- 10 132
Silt, cemented in layers; contains very fine to very coarse sand.. 10 142
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty-__---_-----.-_------------- 8.5 150.5
Silt, sandy; contains some caliche_--____________--__---_------ 11 161.5
Caliche, nard___.____________________________-_____._- 0.5 162
Silt, sandy; interbedded with thin layers of fine sand and hard
caliche _-__-__________________________--______-__-__----. 33 195
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose; contains some
light-green silt ________________________________________ 19 214
Clay, silty, hard, brown to light-green; contains some caliche ___ 9.5 223.5
Sand, very fine to medium, slightly cemented; interbedded with
silt and caliche_--__-_______________-______-_-_--_------_- 8 231.5
Clay, hard, brown to light-green; contains some very fine to
medium sand and caliche ____-____-___-___-__-------------- 2.5 234
Clay, hard, light-green, and silt; contains very fine to medium
sand and caliche __________________________________________ 24.6 258.6
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty; and clayey, sandy silt _____ 13.4 272
Clay, silty, dense, light-green to brown; contains very fine to
coarse sand and caliche ___-____-_-__-._ ___.-_-___-_--__. 20 292
Clay, hard, green to brown; and sandy hard green to brown clay. 13.5 305.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel;contains green silt and clay -___-. 7 312.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray_____-.__-------___ 6.2 318.7
BASIC DATA 171
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-37-9bbc
[Drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952. Samples studied by C. T. Jamison,

geologist U.S. Bureau of Reclamation]

Sand, fine to medium, silty, light-brown___-__-__-____-__------- 7 7
Sand, fine, silty, dark-gray _--------__-----.-----_------_------ 13.5 20.5
Sand, fine to coarse, clean, brown __________---_____-_-___-___- 5 25.5
Sand, fine, silty, dark-gray---_----_---------__-__----------_- 1 26.5
Sand, fine to coarse, clean, brown.....__..____._..___-.---..__ 2.8 29.3
Ogallala formation:
Sand, fine to coarse, silty, gray; contains a few slightly cemented
zones .__..__..__..._..___-._.._____________..-. 15.4 44.7
Sand, fine to medium; contains some brown silt _.___--__-_____-- 1.3 46.0
Sand, medium to coarse, brown; contains small amount of graveL. 6.8 52.8
Clay, buff; contains small amount of fine sand __-_--_--__--___-_ 5 57.8
Sandstone, hard, gray; contains a few soft seams._______________ 3.8 61.6
Sand, fine, light-gray; contains a small amount of silt. -___-___--_ 3.7 65.3
Sand, fine, silty, gray--------_----------_--------------.----- 1.7 67.0
Sand, fine to medium; contains a few cemented zones __-_______-- 2.5 69.5
Sand, fine, silty, light -green ____--_________--_____------_-_--- 4.5 74
Sand, fine to coarse, silty, gray ___-________--__--_---____-__-- 4 78
Sand, medium to coarse, clean, light-brown ____________________ 5.4 83.4
Sand, fine to coarse; contains some brown silt -__-__-----------_ 3.3 86.7
Clay, buff; contains small amount of sand -._----___------__-_-- 2.5 89.2
Sand, very fine, buff --_-__-_---__-__--__----___---------_-_-- 1.6 90.8
Silt, light-green; contains large amount of chalk _-__-__-______-- 2.7 93.5
Sandstone, hard, gray.----.-._-__--___-------_-_______-_----- 1.2 94.7
Sandstone, soft, gray _________________________________________ 0.7 95.4
Sandstone, hard, gray -------_--_-_---_--_-----------_---_.--- 2.7 98.1
Sand, fine, light-brown; contains some silt--_--__------_-------- 1.9 100.0
Sand, fine to medium, cemented; contains some fine gravel;
contains minor solution channels 1/16 in.in diameter___________ 6.4 106.4
Sand, fine, silty, light -brown ________________-__._-_---__..-- 5.8 112.2
Clay, buff-._______.-._______________________._--.___._-- 1.1 113.3
Sand, fine, silty, light -brown _--------_-------------___------- 11.6 124.9
Sand, fine, light-brown ________________________--_...___.. 2.4 127.3
Silt, light-brown----------_.--__---.._-----.-__.-----_...-- 1.7 129.0
Clay, lean, light-brown _.--.__-----_-__----------.-_------.-- 2.5 131.5
Sand, fine, silty, light-brown _-_-___--____-_----.__--_-_-_-__-- 15.9 147.4
Sand, fine, silty, gray; contains a few slightly cemented zones _.__ 5.1 152.5
Sand, fine, slightly cemented, gray__-____-__-______--___--___-_ 3.7 156.2
Sand, fine, silty, light -brown -_-------_--------__-.---__---__-- 1.8 158.0
Sand, fine to medium, light-brown _____________________________ 4.5 162.5
Sand, fine to coarse, silty, light-brown _________________________ 7.1 169.6
Clay, silty, gray__.__-_-_---________-__________________-___-_ 1.1 170.7
Sand, medium, light-brown...______..____._.___.__________._-. 7.0 177.7
Silt; contains layers of medium to coarse sand; brown _-_-_-.-_-_ 4.3 182.0
Pierre shale:
Shale, weathered, yellow.._-----___-__-_------__--_-----_--.-- 2 184
5-37-31ccc
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, clayey ___ 4 4
Silt, clayey, soft, tan 58 62
Thickness
(feet)
Sanborn formation Continued

Clay, silty, soft, tan.._______________________________________ 40
Silt, clayey; contains some sand and caliche __--_--_-__-_--___- 24
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, silty, soft to hard, buff to white.--...----------- 16
Caliche, sandy, white to buff; interbedded with thin streaks of
very fine to very coarse sand__-___.---------~---------------- 15.5
Sand, cemented _._...___.-.__-_--_-__---___-----_-_----_---- 1
Caliche, sandy, white to buff; interbedded with thin streaks of
very fine to very coarse sand.------------------------------ 2.9
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained _-..-.--_-_- 1.6
Caliche, sandy, white; contains thin stringers of very fine to
very coarse sand --_-___--_______-__--_---_----__-__------ 22
Silt, sandy, calcareous _________...________--___-___-__---__- 4.5
Caliche, silty, soft, white to buff__.__-______-------_-_--_---_- 3
Caliche, silty, hard, white to buff; contains streaks of silty sand
and clay-.--..._-_.._.__--.__.--..-_..----_--.---_-_-_-- 1
Caliche, silty, soft, white to buff..---------------------------- 6.5
Caliche, silty, hard, white to buff; contains streaks of silty sand
and clay.----____--______-______________------______--____ 1
Caliche, silty, soft, white to buff____------_----------_-----_-- 1
Silt, sandy, gravelly, calcareous; interbedded with caliche....... 12.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,silty, calcareous, loose _____ 4.5
Caliche, sandy, silty, hard, buff to white..___.-_-_--__-_-._-__- 13
Caliche, sandy, cemented in thin zones, buff to white--.-...----- 13
Sand, very fine to coarse, gravelly, calcareous, cemented in
zones, light-green -__._____._...___.______._.___.--_-__-.. 10.2
Caliche, white; contains light-green very fine to coarse-grained
sandstone _____--__-__________.___________--_-___-___-_-__ 4.8
Sand, very fine to medium -__--_-___--__---_--_--_-----_-_--- 2
Caliche; interbedded with very fine sand and greenish-brown
dense clay ______-____.-____.-.._________--______________- 10
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, greenish stain; interbedded
with thin streaks of caliche.-_-._.----_____------__-_---_-_- 11.7
Silt, clayey, sandy, calcareous, hard_.--_____.-________-____-- 13.3
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty; contains nodules of caliche
and thin streaks of green clay __...__-___-_--_--____-__-___- 19.9
Clay, silty, brown_____-___._-__--_____-___.__----__-___--_-- 4.7
Caliche, soft, white __----------__----.-._-----_____._-- 1.4
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, calcareous __--___-.-____- 7
Silt, sandy, hard, gray._______-_-_._____-_-__-__-____--__-__- 2
Silt, clayey, and sand, very fine to very coarse, cemented _______ 5
Clay, silty, sandy,tan__--.________.-^___-___--______--_____- 14.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, loose ___-__._-______--_---__-- 16
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, silty, hard, yellow to tan; contains sand _.---._-_--___-__- 14.5
Clay, hard, yellow to tan _____________________________-_--.. 4.7
Clay, hard, dense -_----_.__-_____-___--__-__--___-_--_---__- 1
Clay, hard, yellow to tan__-______..__._______________________ 9.3
Clay, hard, yellow to tan; interbedded with layers of white to
green caliche..._-_______-_______-___.____-_--___---_-__.- 5
Clay, hard, yellow to tan.______...________.-_..._._.-___-___ 3
Pierre shale:
Clay and shale, ferruginous, hard, yellow to light-blue _______-_- 17.4
Shale, hard, dark-gray____________.__________________________ 5
BASIC DATA 173
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-37-35ddd
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, dark -brown___.__.._______________________________ 4 4
Silt, soft, dark-brown to tan __________________________________ 48 52
Silt, soft, dark-brown to tan; contains clay _^____-_____________- 10 62
Clay, plastic, tan; contains some silt __________________________ 20 82
Clay, plastic, tan, contains silt and very fine to coarse sand _____ 10 92
Silt, soft, tan; contains very fine to coarse sand ________________ 20 112
Silt, cemented in thin zones, soft, tan; contains some very fine to
coarse sand and caliche_.__________________________________ 26.5 138.5
Ogallala formatiop:
Caliche, soft, white to buff; contains very fine to coarse sand ____ 13.5 152
Caliche, hard to soft; interbedded with brown silt; contains very
fine to very coarse sand___________________________________ 11.5 163.5
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel,loose __________________________ 13.5 177
Silt, clayey, soft, tan; contains very fine to fine sand ._____--__-_ 5 182
Caliche, hard, buff; interbedded with brown hard clay ___________ 12.5 194.5
Caliche, hard, white; contains very fine to very coarse sand and
thin layers of chert-___-----_-__-__-______-_-__--______--__ 7.5 202
Caliche, hard to soft, white to buff; contains very fine sand to
very fine gravel... ________________________________________ 10 212
Caliche and siltstone, hard; contains very fine tb very coarse
sand-_-------_-_--_--__._________________________i_______ 12 224
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose; contains silt and
streaks of caliche _________________________________________ 7 231
Caliche and silt; contains very fine to very coarse sand _________ 11 242
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel; slightly cemented to loose;
contains silt and streaks of green clay_....---_--_-_--_--_-__ 20 262
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,loose____________-_____________- 9.7 271.7
Caliche, hard, white to buff; contains very fine to very coarse
sand _--_--___-.__-----_.______________________________ 2.6 274.3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose; contains green and
brown silt ________________________________________________ 7.7 282
Silt, cemented in zones; interbedded with caliche and very fine to
fine sand _________________________________________________ 20 302
Silt and caliche; contains very fine to coarse sand; interbedded ._ _
with very fine to coarse sand _-__--___-__-_._______________ 21 323
Sand, very fine to medium, loose; contains some cementedzonesL- 5 328
Caliche, hard, white _______________________________________ 1.2 329.2
Clay, silty, green; contains very fine to medium sand ___________ 8.8 338
Caliche and silt, hard, gray; contains very fine to medium sand_._ 14 352
Silt, hard, gray; contains very fine to very coarse sand and brown
slightly cemented very fine grained to very coarse grained
sandstone ________________________________________________ 12 364
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 1 365
Silt, hard, gray--___-____-.._____________________________ 6.5 371.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty; interbedded with gray hard sandy
clay and caliche_.____-__._________________________________ 10.5 382
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, clayey, gravelly ___________ 10.5 392.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, tan, yellow, and light blue-gray with yellow stain-._ 9.5 402
_________________Toble 27. Sample logs of test holes Continued___________
Thickness
(feet)
5-38-Slccc
Ogallala formation:
Soil, silty, clayey, dark -brown. _._._____..___..__.__..._____._ 2.5
Silt, clayey, sandy, dark-brown _______________________________ 2.5
Caliche, silty, sandy, soft, gray___.__________________________. 12.5
Silt, sandy, soft, light-brown _________________________________ 8
Silt, clayey', sandy, light-gray; contains small limonitic
concretions _______________________________________________ 6.3
Caliche, silty, sandy, soft ____________________________________ 11.2
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly; interbedded with
clayey silt________________________________________________ 4.5
Limestone, hard, dense, buff _________________________________ 3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel^loose; contains nodules of
caliche___________________________________________________ 10.6
Clay, silty, sandy.___________________________________________ 0.9
Caliche, sandy, hard to soft, white, buff, and brown .._.......... 13.4
Silt, sandy, calcareous zones, medium-brown __________________ 9.1
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;partly calcareous.___________ 4
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 11
Chert, white ________________________________________________ 1
Silt, brown, and very fine to coarse sand_______________________ 2
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 13.5
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard, white __________________________ 2
Clay, silty, sandy, medium-brown; interbedded with caliche ______ 14
Caliche, sandy, hard to soft, buff to light-brown ________________ 10
Silt and sand, very fine, to fine gravel,calcareous ______________ 11
Caliche, sandy, silty, gravelly, white to buff-----_--_----------_ 5
Caliche, hard, white to buff._-._____________________________ 1
Silt, sandy, soft, medium-brown ______________________________ 3
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, hard, brown ______________________ 10
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 1.5
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, hard, brown ______________________ 12.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel;contains streaks of caliche;
green ----_-------._______________________________________ 10.2
Silt, hard, brown --_------.---_______________________________ 2.8
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains streaks of caliche, green _____ 9
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, and hard white caliche.___.-__--__. 7.5
Caliche, hard, white_________________________________________ 1.5
Sand, very fine to medium, hard, green _-_.___-.--_-___________ 9.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,calcareous, loose.._________ 13
Clay, silty, soft, green.___....______..._.____.._.__._....._.. 1.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,calcareous, loose.___.______ 1
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,green _.__..____.__._______ 8.5
Clay, silty, green ___________________________________________ 3.5
Sand, very fine, pink_________________________________________ 15.8
Clay, silty, green; contains brown claystone____________________ 3.2
Sand, very fine to fine, cemented, pink and gray ________________ 9
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,well-cemented, pink and
green ----_--------_._____________________________________ 10
Sand, fine, to fine gravel^loose, green_________________________ 8.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonite stain, yellow.__________________________________ 5
Shale, blue._________________________________________________ 6.5
BASIC DATA 175
Table 27. Sarcple Ions of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-39-31ccc

Soil, silty, brown____-_______________________________________ 3 3
Silt, sandy, tan______________________________________._______ 9 12
Caliche, soft, gray __________________________________________ 3 15
Sand, very fine, silty, brown__________________________________ 3 18
Clay, silty, brown___________________________________________ 4 22
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, gray.-.______________________________________ 3.5 25.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,gray _______________________ 12 37.5
Sand, very fine, calcareous, hard, green _______________________ 10.5 48
Caliche, sandy, gray_._______________________________________ 3 51
Sand, very fine, silty, calcareous, tan _________________________ 1 52
Siltstone, soft, brown ________________________________________ 3 55
Sand, very fine; contains streaks of hard clay; brown.-_-_____-_- 24 79
Sand, very fine; contains brown clay_--___--__--______--______. 8 87
Sand, very fine,to very fine gravel-_.-_____-_--______--_______ 7.5 94.5
Clay, sandy, brown __________________________________________ 3 97.5
Caliche, partly silicified, hard, white._._______________________ 7 104.5
Sand, very fine, calcareous, loose, tan.________________________ 8 112.5
Caliche, soft, white__________________________________________ 7 119.5
Sand, very fine, clayey, tan___________________________________ 5 124.5
Caliche, sandy, gray.--_________-_____________________________ 1.5 126
Sand, very coarse, calcareous --_-__---__--_-_-_______-______- 11.2 137.2
Caliche, sandy ______________________________________________ 2.3 139.5
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, well-cemented, black _________ 4 143.5
Sand, medium, to medium gravel,loose, black .--______-._______ 15.5 159
Caliche, sandy, hard, white___________________________________ 7 166
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty_---__-__---______-________ 3 169
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 1 170
Sand, very fine, silty,tan_.-_-________________________________ 7.5 177.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse ________________________________ 1.5 179
Caliche, sandy, gray--_-_-----_______________________________ 1 180
Sand, very fine, silty, hard, tan _______________________________ 8.5 188.5
Caliche, sandy, hard, white-_.____--_--_______________________ 8.5 197
Caliche, cherty, very hard, white_____.________________________ 6 203
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, gray_________________ 6.5 209.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel;contains gray cemented layers of
clay and caliche___________________________________________ 22.5 232
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;contains green hard cemented
layers....________________________________________________ 10 242
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel;contains green lightly cemented
layers...__-_._..._.._______._.._..__.______.._..____..._. 25 267
Clay, sandy, hard, red-brown; contains green hard claystone_-__. 11 278
Clay, sandy, hard, light-gray to tan ___________________________ 19 297
Claystone, hard, brown ______________________________________ 8.2 305.2
Sand, fine, to very fine gravel,loose, gray _-_-_-_-----_----_--- 3.8 309
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonite stain, hard, yellow _____________________________ 6 315
Shale, hard, blue____________________________________________ 7 322
________________Tab I e 27. Sa nple logs of test holes Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6-36-llaad
Alluvium:
Sand, very fine to fine.______ _________________________________ 5
Sand, very fine to fine; contains medium sand to fine gravel and
some silt_________________________________________________ 22
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;contains nodules of caliche.-.. 14
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel _____--_----_--------_------- 5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, white, and very fine grained greenish-gray sandstone --- 7
Silt, clayey, sandy, white; interbedded with well-cemented
fine-grained sandstone and light-brown plastic clay. _____._..__ 9
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel _____________________________ 9
Silt, soft, gray; contains some very fine sand ___________________ 5
Sand, very fine, to me,dium gravel _____________________________ 6.5
Sandstone, very fine grained to medium-grained, greenish-gray
to white___________________________________________________ 14.5
Silt, cemented in layers, tan; contains very fine to medium sand ._ 14
Sand, very fine to medium gravel; slightly cemented in layers.___ 36
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonitic, plastic, yellow_-___--_--__----________________ 4
6-38-21aaa
[Drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1951. Surface altitude, 3,293.2 ft]
Dune sand:
Sand, fine, well-sorted; contains very fine sand _______._-_.--___ 6
Caliche, soft, white __________________________________________ 0.5
Sand, very fine; contains fine sand to medium gravel ._______-_-- 13
Clay, silty, brown ___--___-_______---_--_----_-__----_-_----_ 3.5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft, white-______-____________-_-.-----__--_-__----- 13
Sand, fine to medium; contains silt __-__-__-_-----_------_----- 7
Caliche, soft, white ----___--______-_-___----__----__------_-- 3
Clay, brown; contains silt and sand ________-_--_-__-_------___- 7
Sand, coarse, cemented with calcium carbonate _________________ 6
Clay, sandy, brown __________________________________________ 4
Gravel, fine; contains very fine to very coarse sand _-__-__----__ 11
Clay, sandy, tan _____-___________________-___-____-_--___---_ 2
Gravel, very fine to fine; contains fine to very coarse sand and
medium gravel_________.________-_______-_____-_--_---_--- 10
Clay, sandy, light-brown _____________________________________ 2
Sand, very coarse; contains very fine to coarse sand and very fine
to medium gravel. ___________________________________________ 3
Clay, brown; contains sand and silt__-___-_______-_-_----_-_-_- 5
Sand, fine; contains very fine to very coarse sand and very fine to
fine gravel________________________________________________ 6
Caliche, soft, white __________________________________________ 2
Clay, silty, brown ___________________________________________ 3
Caliche, hard, gray; contains fine sand_________________________ 1
Gravel, very fine to fine________________________-_-__--__----_ 4
Clay, silty, brown ___________________________________________ 6
Sand, very fine to fine, tightly cemented._______________________ 6
Clay, silty, calcareous, brown ________________________________ 8
Caliche, very hard, white____________-_____--___-__-_-___--__- 3
BASIC DATA 177
Table 27. Sanple lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-38-2 laaa Continued

Caliche, soft, white........._-___.______-___-____--_________- 14 149
Sand, very fine; contains fine sand and clay_________--_-__-___-_ 10 159
Clay, silty, hard, tan _-_-____-_________-____-___-___--_-__-__ 3 162
Sand, medium, calcareous; contains very fine to fine sand _..__-_ 11 173
Caliche, soft, white__________________________________________ 9 182
Caliche, siliceous, hard, white....__.____.___._____.___._._.._ 1 183
Sand, very fine, cemented with calcium carbonate..._._...___.-. 11 194
Caliche, silty, hard, white.___________________________________ 10 204
Sand, very fine, calcareous; contains silt.---_--_.-.---_---_---- 21 225
Clay, silty, calcareous, soft, gray-brown ______________________ 10 235
Siltstone, tan; contains thin streaks of brown clay_-_____---__-_- 17 252
Sand, very coarse; contains very fine to medium gravel _________ 9 261
Clay, sandy, calcareous, gray________.__________j_____________ 28 289
Sand, very coarse; contains very fine gravel... _________________ 10 299
Clay, sandy, soft, gray.______________________________________ 5 304
Sand, medium to coarse; contains fine sand,green_______________ 18 322
Siltstone, hard, tan __________________________________________ 4 326
Clay, silty,tan--_--__----_-----____-_-_____-____-____--___-- 1 327
Gravel, fine to medium ----_-_--__-__---____-__-___________-_ 2 329
Clay, silty, tan___-_________--______________________________- 7 336
Caliche, hard, white----___--___-_-___________-__-________--- 1 337
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains very fine sand^ green ________ 19 356
Clay, silty,tan______________________________________________ 8 364
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue-gray....---_-___-__-____-__-___--__--_____-___-_- 6 370
6-38-30aaa
[Modified from log of seismograph shothole. Samples studied microscopically by M.G.

Christenson, Nebraska Geological Survey]
Dune sand:
Soil and sand, fine to medium.________________________________
Ogallala formation:
Marl, silty, sandy, very well indurated in part, light-gray .-.__-. 10
Sand, very fine to fine,brown; contains some medium sand and
medium light brown very calcareous silt____-_______-__-__-_. 10 20
Silt to Siltstone, very calcareous, pale-brown; contains very fine
to coarse sand____________________________________________ 10 30
Marl, silty, sandy, well indurated in part, very light gray with a
slight brown tint _________________________'_____._____.____. 10 40
Siltstone, calcareous, light-brown____________-____________.__. 10 50
Siltstone, calcareous, light-brown; contains a very small amount
of sand __________________________________________________ 10 60
Siltstone, calcareous, very light brown; contains a very small of
amount of sand____________________________________________ 10 70
Siltstone, slightly micaceous, calcareous, very light brown;
contains a very small amount of sand________________________ 10 80
Siltstone, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, very light brown;
contains a very small amount of sand_-________-_-___--__-__. 20 100
contains a small amount of medium to coarse sand.___________ 10 110
contains medium to coarse sand __________-___-____-___.--_. 20 130
Siltstone, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, light-gray with a
slight tint of brown; contains medium to coarse sand ___.___._. 10 140
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6 -38 - 30aaa Continued

Siltstone, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, pale-brown;
contains medium to coarse sand_____________________________ 10 150
Gravel, fine to medium, and slightly micaceous, very calcareous,
pale-brown Siltstone______-______-_____--___-___--______-_- 10 160
contains some fine gravel __________________________________ 30 190
contains interbedded fine to coarse sand and some fine gravel ._ 10 200
Sand, fine, to medium gravel;contains a little calcareous silt__-_. 10 210
Siltstone, very sandy, micaceous, calcareous, pale-brown;
contains some fine to coarse sand __-_-____-__-_-_--__-___-._ 10 220
Siltstone, very sandy, micaceous, calcareous, light-gray; contains
some fine to coarse sand ___________________________________ 10 230
Sand, fine to coarse; contains pale-brown calcareous, micaceous
very sandy siltstone_________________________ _______________ 10 240
Sand, fine, to medium gravel;contains a trace of calcareous silt__ 10 250
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains medium light-brown calcareous
silt.______________________________________________________ 10 260
Siltstone, very calcareous, poorly indurated, light-gray, and fine
sand to medium gravel __-________-__-____-___--__-__-___-__ 10 270
Siltstone, clayey, very calcareous, poorly indurated, light-gray;
contains some fine sand to medium gravel_--__---__--___--__- 10 280
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains light-gray poorly indurated
very calcareous clayey siltstone______--__-___-___--__--__--_ 10 290
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains light greenish-gray poorly
indurated very calcareous clayey siltstone----_-_-_------_-__- 20 310
Clay, silty, moderately to very calcareous, medium-hard,
light-gray; contains sand and gravel _________________________ 10 320
Pierre shale:
Shale, clayey, slightly micaceous, moderately to very calcareous,
medium dark-gray___-___________-__-_______-------__--___- 10 330
Shale, clayey, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, medium
dark-gray.________________________________________________ 75 405
6-40-6bbb
Soil, sandy; contains a little clay ______________________________ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to very coarse, calcareous; contains some caliche. 4 6
Caliche, buff________________________________________________ 4 10
Sand, fine,to coarse gravel,loose.__________-___-____-__-___-- 20 30
Silt, sandy, partly cemented __________________________________ 2 32
Clay, sandy, gravelly, buff to brown; contains thin streaks of
caliche ___________________________________________________ 9 41
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard, buff.--_-__--_-_-_-___-___------ 1.5 42.5
Clay, silty, sandy, brown; contains thin cemented zones..-------- 19.5 62
Clay, silty, sandy, brown; contains thin streaks of caliche and
chert.__________________..___._..._.______.__..___.-_.... 10 72
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard _________.__.--__---__---__..___ 16.5 88.5
Chert, white..---,-,._----___-_____--_________________.______ 1 89.5
Clay, silty, sandy, light -brown _______..___.___._______.____... 2.5 92
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, hard _..._.-.._-..__..__-__._.___.__. 31 123
Clay, sandy, gravelly, soft.______.___..__.._______________.._. 8.5 131.5
BASIC DATA 179
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-40-6bbb Continued

Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose__-_---________________ 6 137.5
Clay, silty, hard, light-tan .._...____________....________..___ 28.5 166
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains some gray clay ......... 4.5 176.5
Clay, sandy, dense, dark-brown......._____..._______.._..____ 5.5 182
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,calcareous.-..-._---_-___--__-_- 8 190
Caliche, sandy______________________________________________ 4.5 194.5
Sand, coarse to very coarse, silty, loose; contains some gravel _. 7.2 201.7
Clay, silty, sandy,tan ___-._._._.___________..______._.._____ 6.3 208
Caliche, sandy ______________________________________________ 3 211
Sand, very coarse, to very fine gravel silty, loose; contains fine
to medium gravel and very fine to coarse sand___-___---__-___ 18 229
Clay, silty, soft _____________________________________________ 3 232
Clay, silty, soft; contains thin streaks of sand and gravel ________ 9.8 241.8
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains some gravel; interbedded with
soft clay-_---------___-_..--__--...__.__--_....____..._... 10.2 252
Silt, sandy, tan______________________________________________ 12.5 264.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty; interbedded with silt ___.._. 9.5 274
Clay, plastic, tan..._________________________________________ 10.2 284.2
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty; contains some caliche and
clay. _____________________________________________________ 25.8 310
Clay, silty, soft _____________________________________________ 2 312
Clay, silty, sandy, soft; interbedded with thin layers of sand and
fine gravel _______________________________________________ 5 317
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow, and dark-brown shale __...___.___...____ 5 322
6-40-31ccc

Soil, sandy, silty, light-brown ________________________________ 3 3
Clay, silty, sandy, dark-gray_________________________________ 9 12
Caliche, sandy, soft, light-gray_--__-__--__--_________________ 5 17
Clay, sandy, soft, tan ________________________________________ 6.7 23.7
Sand, very fine, loose, tan ___________________________________ 0.5 24.2
Caliche, sandy, soft, white____________________________________ 1.8 26
Clay, sandy, soft, tan ________________________________________ 2 28
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to medium, loose, tan__________________________ 3 42
Caliche, soft, white______..__________________________________ 1 43
Clay, sandy, soft, gray_______________-_-_--_____-___.-_____- 6 49
Sand, very fine to very coarse, cemented, brown__--__--______-- 10 59
Sand, very fine, cemented, brown _____________________________ 9 70
Clay, very sandy, gray to brown ______________________________ 2 72
Caliche, soft, white_--_-__-_________________________________ 10.5 82.5
Sand, medium,to coarse gravel.loose__________________________ 5.5 88
Clay, silty, soft, green.______________________________________ 6.5 94.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel; cemented, brown ___________ 5.5 100
Caliche, soft, white___.--____________________________________ 1 101
Sand, very fine, cemented, green______________________________ 1 102
Sand, very fine, cemented, brown _____________________________ 2 104
Sand, very fine, cemented, hard, brown; interbedded with sandy
clay._____________________________________________________ 6 110
Thickness
(feet)

Caliche, sandy, soft, light -gray to green. _.__...___....____..__ 10
Sand, very fine, cemented, hard, gray-_-_--------_---__-_--_-_ 2
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, tan; contains thin
streaks of caliche....__._..____..___.__...._..____.__._.__ 12
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel.silty, loose, green..._______ 8
Caliche, hard, white_._____._________________________________ 1
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel.loose, green stain _-_-.___-- 6
Sand, very fine; contains tan hard cemented streaks of caliche _-- 3
Sand, very fine, cemented, hard, brown; contains streaks of clay. _ 7
Sand, very fine,loose, tan ___________________________________ 3
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,silty, loose, red to buff ----- 12
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel.silty; contains brown
cemented streaks of clay_______.___________________________ 8
Clay, sandy, soft, red to tan.__.-._____,._____________________ 4.3
Clay, sandy, calcareous, soft, light-gray----.-_----_-.------.-- 9.2
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, green___________________________ 8.5
Clay, sandy, soft, tan.-______._______________________________ 14.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose, green.-..---....--_----_-. 21
Clay, sandy, soft, tan_._________.____________________________ 2.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose, green..___---__-_--_____-- 7.5
Clay, sandy, soft,tan.--__-____-___._________________________ 6
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose, green__-__--__.___________ 18
Sand, very fine to medium, silty, clayey, calcareous, cement
soft, brown_______________________________________________ 18.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, clayey, calcareous, lightly
cemented, brown__________________________________________ 12.7
Sand, fine, to fine gravel, loose, dark-gray to black_____________ 8.3
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, calcareous, brown ________________ 3
Clay, sandy, soft, tan.-___.________._________________________ 2.5
Sand, fine, to fine gravel, loose, dark-gray to'black_____________ 7
Sand, fine, to very fine gravel, loose, dark-gray to black;
contains layers of gray hard caliche ________________________ 5.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, loose, brown; contains
layers of caliche and clay.----_--_---_---------__-----_-_-- 9
Brule formation:
Clay and siltstone, very hard, cream to pink ___________________ 9
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonitic stain, soft, yellow.---------------------------- ___3_____
6-40-36ddd
Dune sand:
Sand, very fine to fine, silty__________________________________ 10
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, frosted and well-rounded
grains.. _______________________ ___ __---_---___--__. 1
Silt, sandy, tan _____________________________________________ 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, white______________________________________________ 2
Silt, and caliche; contains some cemented Eones______-___---___ 16
Silt, sandy, tan and gray, and caliche.-...--_--__---_-..._-_.__ 16.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel; contains silt and caliche __._.__.. 9
Caliche, silty, sandy ________________________________________ 4.5
Siltstone, sandy, and silt..____..__..__._._.._._______________ 10
Siltstone and caliche, hard to soft...__________________________ 13.5
BASIC DATA 181
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Silt, sandy, hard, light-brown_----_-_------__--------_-------- 7.5 92
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, and caliche.._________-_--_. 2 94
Silt, sandy, hard, light-brown............___.-._--___--.-__--- 9.5 103.5
Sandstone, very fine to fine-grained __-._____.___--_______-__-- 4 107.5
Silt, clayey, hard, gray.-.-----.---,----_--_------------.----- 3.5 111
Silt and caliche, sandy..___._..____.____...._.._-.__._-_.__-- 12 123
Caliche, hard to soft, gray,wlth some yellow stain ______________ 3.2 126.2
Caliche, sandy, hard, gray..._________________________________ 9.4 135.6
Caliche, sandy, soft, gray-_---_-___--______--------___ ------ 5.4 141
Sandstone, very fine to coarse-grained, greenish-gray, and
gray caliche ______________________________________________ 7 148
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, calcareous ________________ 13 161
Caliche, sandy, and silt; contains some cemented zones _________ 10 171
Silt, sandy, gravelly, hard; contains some cemented zones _.___-- 36 207
Sand, very fine, to medium, gravel, loose..-.------------------- 5.7 212.7
Silt, sandy, gravelly, calcareous ______________________________ 14.3 227
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel _-_-----_.._.._--.____._-_.----- 8.5 235.5
Silt, sandy, gravelly; interbedded with sandstone-____.__________ 25.5 261
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose.--_-------__------.--- 3 264
Silt, sandy......----.---....---.---__-.-..------_---.------ 5 269
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose; contains silt -____--__-__-- 10 279
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, slightly cemented...______._- 6 285
Silt, sandy, hard; contains some cemented zones.---___---_----- 16 301
Silt, clayey, sandy; contains some cemented layers--________---- 10 311
Silt, clayey, sandy, tan; interbedded with siltstone --..._____---- 12.5 323.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, gravelly, greenish stain; contains
fragments of limonitic shale_-_-_-__.._-._._-..-..__---_---- 10.5 334
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow, light blue-gray and pink; contains
__ dark-brown shale ___---________._-__....___--_...-___-___. 7 341
7-36-6bbb
Soil, sandy, silty, light-brown _--__--__-________-_________--_- 0.8 0.8

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine; contains some fine sand ___-_---_--_-____-_---- 10.2 11
Caliche and clay; contains some medium sand to fine gravel __-._ 13.2 24.2
Caliche; contains slightly cemented fine-grained sandstone...... 0.8 25
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel, loose ____________________________ 14.7 39.7
Caliche, buff_________________________________________------ 1.3 41
Caliche, buff; interbedded with layers of white to light-brown soft
to hard clay-------_----------_----..---__---_.-------_--.- 13 54
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel__________...________________ 4 58
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown _-___-_-_______-___-___-_-_----- 3 61
Clay, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to medium sand ______ 22 83
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose; contains cemented
streak at 96.5 ft___________________________________________ 15.4 98.4
Sandstone, fine-grained, and hard light-brown clay .____.___.--_ 5.6 104
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose; contains some thin
cemented streaks.-__--_.___-___-__-___..._________..___--. 20.4 124.4
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, light-brown....-..__--._._._____-__ 11.1 135.5
Sand, fine to coarse; interbedded with well-cemented fine-grained
sandstone and hard clay__--_--___-__-________.._____-___-__ 7.1 142.6
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel _--- ---.__-______--_________.___ 2.4 145
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown, and fine-grained sandstone ... 6 151
Silt, sandy, gravelly, light-brown and fine-grained sandstone
buff...._______-.__.--..-.---.---___------.--. 9.3 160.3
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose; interbedded with
fine-grained sandstone and white soft clay.--------------- 8.7 169
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; interbedded with thin layers of
clay and sandstone ____________________________________ 15.8 184.8
Caliche, hard, white, and soft buff silt _._.__._.._._____... 8.7 193.5
Clay, soft, white _-____-_________________--_.__----_-__-- 5.5 199
Sandstone, very fine to medium-grained, well-cemented,
light -brown ___________________________________________ 201
Brule(?) formation:
Silt, sandy, light -brown __________________________________ 5 206
Clay, silty, sandy, some cemented zones, white to buff -.___. 34 240
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy, some limonitic stain, hard, yellow-brown __.__. 11 251
7-37-29dda
[Modified from log of seismograph shothole. Samples studied microscopically by V. H.

Dreeszen, Nebraska Geological Survey]
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, grayish-brown .-.__-.--_- ------- -..._
Silt, coarse, to very fine sand, slightly calcareous, very light
yellowish brown; contains some secondary nodules of lime_._._ _______ 10
Silt, fine to very coarse, moderately calcareous, very pale
yellowish-brown; contains large nodules of lime ___-_.___-__- 10 20
Silt, fine to very coarse, slightly sandy in part, slightly
calcareous, medium light-gray_--------_--_-_-------------- 10 30
Silt, fine to very coarse, slightly sandy in part, slightly
calcareous, light yellowish-gray-___----___--------_------- 10 40
Silt, fine to coarse, very pale yellowish-gray--.-.------------- 10 50
Marl, silty, well-indurated in part, white.--------------------- 10 60
Marl, silty, well-indurated in part, white; contains a little very
fine to medium sand __-_..___..___..-__-___---_-_--------- 10 70
Sandstone, very fine grained to medium-grained, silty very
calcareous, whitish-gray; contains a few rootlets----__--._-- 10 80
Marl, silty, well indurated in part, whitish-gray; contains very
fine to fine sand-_-_-__.____--..-.-__-__---_-_----_------- 30 110
Silt, slightly clayey, moderately calcareous, pale reddish-brown;
contains very fine to medium sand _-_____-----__-----___-_- 30 140
Sandstone, very fine grained to coarse-grained, moderately
calcareous, very light brown; contains some rootlets and a
few reworked granules of reddish-brown clay___..___._--____ 10 150
Siltstone, very calcareous, very light brown; contains very fine
to fine sand..____________________________________________ 30 180
Siltstone, very calcareous, very light brown; contains very fine
to very coarse sand _-..__--__-_-.______--____-_-___---___ 20 200
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains a few yellowish weathered
grains -_--___---.__.__.--__-_..____..____._________-____ 10 210
Sand, fine to very coarse; contains some fine to medium gravel__ 30 240
Pierre shale:
Shale, clayey, slightly silty, iron-stained, moderately
calcareous, pale-yellow.--__-____--__-_---__------__------ 10 250
BASIC DATA 183
Toble 27. Soifiple lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-37-29dda Continued
Pierre shale(?) Continued

Shale, clayey, slightly siny in part, moderately calcareous,
medium dark-gray.......__________________________________ 180 430
Shale, slightly clayey, slightly silty in part, moderately
___calcareous, medium-gray.--____-----___-_______.--...__..-. 15___ 445
7-37-35daa
[Drilled for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1952. Syrface altitude, 3,085.7 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine to fine; contains a small amount of buff silt....... 2.6 2.6
Sand, very fine to fine, medium-brown; contains some medium
sand to fine gravel.______.__._-_______.__.-.___________..-_ 1.9 4.5
Silt, soft, tan; interbedded with very fine sand to medium gravel
and caliche..______________________________________________ 13.5 18
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose; contains nodules of
caliche ___________________________________________________ 20.5 38.5
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained, silty,
fossiliferous, light-brown ____-__.-.._..___-.___...____...-_ 3.7 42.2
Caliche, silty, hard, and very fine grained to very coarse grained
light-brown sandstone.._____..__....__._._._....._.___._._. 6.5 48.7
Caliche, hard to soft, white ___________________________________ 18.3 67
Sandstone and sand, very fine to coarse, well-rounded grains;
green-brown ______________________________________________ 5 72
Silt, sandy, gray; interbedded with sandstone and caliche..._..___ 7.4 79.4
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose ..._._-....-___-___.-._ 4.6 84
Caliche, sandy, buff, and sandy silt -____.__._.-._____.._____.._ 15.5 99.5
Silt, clayey, soft, light-brown _________________________________ 7.3 106.8
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly, loose ___._____-._ 11 117.8
Silt, clayey, sandy, hard, tan to light-brown, and sandstone. _._.__ 15.2 133
Sand, very fine to very coarse, slightly cemented; interbedded
with thin layers of white to brown soft clay _-_..._._.__..____- 11.5 144.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose...________..____..__.._____ 4 148.5
Silt, clayey, sandy, hard, brown ....__.____.___..._..._..__..__ 8.5 157
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly, loose......___--._ 11.2 168.2
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly, cemented......... 2.8 171
Sand, very fine, to very coarse, silty, gravelly, loose. ........... 7 178
Silt, sandy, gravelly, hard, brown __.__..__....___.__..._._._.. 10 188
Silt, sandy, gravelly, cemented, hard, brown.......__._._._.____ 1 189
Silt, sandy, gravelly, hard, brown ___._..__......__.___._____._ 2 191
Silt, clayey, sandy, white _____________________________________ 2.5 193.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, contains some clayey layers... 25 218.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, some limonitic stain, plastic, tan ________________________ 20 238.5
Clay, plastic, blue ___________________________________________ 2.5 241
7-38-2aaa

Soil, sandy, medium-brown ___________________________________ 1.2 1.2
Silt, sandy, light-brown .....__._.__.____..______.._._____._.. 4.8 6
Clay, hard, medium-brown, and very fine to fine sand ___________ 10 16
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, buff, and sandy soft white clay._____----_---___ 15 31
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-38-2aaa Continued

Clay, soft, white, and hard medium -brown clay; contains some
20 51
3 54
12.7 66.7
10.6 77.3
Caliche, hard, light -brown ___________________________________ 3.7 81
9 90
Clay, sandy, hard ___________________________________________ 2.7 92.7
Sand, fine, to medium gravel _________________________________ 5.3 98
8 106
10.8 116.8
1 117.8
7.2 125
Clay, sandy, gravelly, brown _________________________________ 9.3 134.3
3.7 138
3 141
15 156
Caliche, hard, white _________ _ ____________________________ 1 157
5.3 162.3
8.7 171
Sandstone, fine -grained ______________________________________ 6.2 177.2
2.7 179.9
6.8 186.7
Clay, sandy, hard, light -brown; contains some cemented zones ___ 2.3 189
9.4 198.4
1 199.4
5.3 204.7
20.8 225.5
Pierre shale:
25.5 251
4.4 255.4
7-38-9dcd
[Modified from log of seismograph shothole. Samples studied microscopically by M.G.

Christenson, Nebraska Geological Survey]
Ogallala formation:
Sand, fine to coarse, and slightly micaceous, light -brown,and silt
10 10
Silt, slightly micaceous, light -brown, and fine to coarse sand,
20 30
Silt, slightly micaceous, very slightly calcareous, light -brown;
10 40
Silt, very calcareous, light pinkish-gray, and fine sand to medium
gravel ________ ___ _________________ 10 50
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains a little light pinkish-gray
30 80
10 90
10 100
40 140
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains pale -brown very
30 170
Marl and silt, very calcareous, light -gray to pale -brown; contains
10 180
BASIC DATA 185
Table 27. . Sample iofls of test holes-^Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet
7 -38 -9dcd Continued
Ogallala formation:
Silt, very calcareous, pale-brown; contains a little interbedded
sand, gravel, and marl_----------------------------------- 10 190
Sand, fine to coarse; contains a little fine gravel and some
pale -brown very calcareous silt ________________-------_--- 10 200
Marl, silty, light-gray; contains a little interbedded sand .._---- 10 210
Pierre shale:
Clay, silty, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, light
yellow-brown; contains some fragments of free lime ____._--- 10 220
Clay, silty, slightly micaceous, very calcareous, brown-yellow;
contains some fragments of free lime_-_.--_----_----------- 10 230
Clay, silty, slightly micaceous, limonite-stained, very
calcareous, brown-yellow; contains some fragments of free
lime......... . 10 24 °
Clay, silty, slightly micaceous, limonite-stained, calcareous,
brown-yellow; contains some fragments of free lime ______--- 10 250
Shale, very limonite stained, very calcareous, medium
dark-gray...- ..-. -- -- 1° 26 °
Shale, lightly limonite stained, very calcareous, medium
dark-gray.-------- - -- - - - 1° 27 °
Shale, dark-gray ------------------------------------------
7-38-16ddd
[Drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1951. Surface altitude, 3,288.2 ft]
Soil, silty, black ___________________________________________ 1.3 1.3

Ogallala formation:
Silt, tan ------.---.-...-.........--------------_----------- 4.7 6
Sand, very fine to medium.---..._.---__-__..----__---------- 3 9
Caliche, soft, white. ____-_--___________.____....______.___.. 21 30
Silt; contains very fine sand and calcium carbonate, hard; tan ___ 35 65
Sand, medium; contains very fine sand to fine gravel _-._____-__ 5 70
Gravel, very fine to medium..____-__---__---_-----------__-- 2 72
Clay, silty, brown...._........_........_.._---_....------_- 15 87
Gravel, fine to medium._---_____-______.__.._...._..__._.... 3 90
Caliche, hard, white_....._-.-__-..._.-_-....__..---------__ 1 91
Clay, silty, brown _-_------_-_-------_--_--------_______-__- 12 103
Caliche, hard, white________________________________________ 1 104
Clay, silty, brown __________________________________________ 13 117
Clay, silty, brown __________________________________________ 5 123
Siltstone, soft, brown _______________________________________ 2 125
Gravel, very fine to medium.________________________________ 3 129
Sand, very fine; contains silt and fine sand _-_---_---_-_.----_- 10 139
Sand, coarse; contains very fine sand to fine gravel ---_____-___ 9 148
Caliche, soft, white_________________________________________ 1 149
Gravel, medium; well-sorted, contains fine gravel-_.___--____- 3 152
Siltstone, hard, green_______________________________________ 2 160
Clay, silty, soft, green.----.._______________________________ 3 163
Clay, sandy, green _________________________________________ 14 179
Clay, silty, brown __________________________________________ 17 196
Clay, silty, brown __________________________________________ 5 203
Sand, very fine; contains fine sand to very fine gravel --______-_ 9 212
655012 O - 63 - 13
Toble 27. Sample lo.qs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-38 - 16ddd Continued

Siltstone, hard., brown..______________________________________ 40
Sand, fine; contains very fine to medium sand__ ______ ___________ 6
Caliche, hard, white._________________________________________ 1
Sand, very coarse; contains medium sand to very fine gravel;
cemented with calcium carbonate; .hard __._-_---__-________
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 2
Sand, very fine; contains fine to medium sand; cemented with
calcium carbonate; hard______________________._____________ 10
Caliche, hard, light-green --_-____-_--_-___--_-.-_-___________ 5
Pierre(?) shale:
Clay, sandy, hard, yellow._._-__________-__-__-__--__________. 36
7-38-36ddd
Soil, silty, sandy, brown______________________________________ 1.3

Ogallala formation:
Silt, sandy, soft, buff________________________________________ 6.7
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff to white; contains well-cemented zones _ 13
Caliche, sandy, soft to hard, white to buff ______.-----__-_______ 27
Silt and caliche, sandy, light-brown to gray _____________________ 13
Silt, sandy, gravelly, tan _____________________________________ 8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _______________________ 2
Silt, sandy, light-brown ______________________________________ 13
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _______________________ 3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, silty _______________________ 4
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose _______________________ 5.5
Silt, clayey, sandy, soft, light-brown____.____- -_-------__--____ 18.5
Caliche and sand, very fine, to medium gravel. _________________ 2
Sand, very fine,to medium gravel_____________________________ 4
Silt, clayey, sandy; contains slightly cemented zones ____________ 13.5
Clay, white-----_.___________________________________________ 0.5
Silt, clayey, sandy; contains slightly cemented zones ____________ 6.5
Silt, sandy, soft, white to brown, and white caliche_______________ 19.5
Caliche, sandy, gravelly, white, and sandy tan silt ______________ 7.8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose .___--_-___--__________ 8.9
Silt, sandy, tan, and caliche...._______________________________ 23.3
Caliche and silt, white to green-gray; contains very fine to very
coarse sand and thin stringers of sandstone __________________ 11
Silt, clayey, hard, tan; contains sand and gravel; slightly cemented
in zones __________________________________________________ 19
Silt, clayey, brown...________________________________________ 6
Silt, clayey, brown; interbedded with very fine to very coarse
sand._____________________________________________________ 4
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, loose _____________________ 12.8
Silt, sandy, soft, buff_________________________________________ 8.4
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty ___________________________ 7.8
Silt, sandy __________________________________________________ 1
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty ___________________________ 7.8
Silt, sandy, buff ______________________________________________ 2.2
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty ___________________________ 10
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, silty; interbedded with layers
of silt ____________________________________________________ 9.6
BASIC DATA 187
fable 27. Sample loas of test doles Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
Brule(?) formation:
Silt, clayey, sandy____-_________. 40.4 341
Silt, clayey, sandy, gravelly, hard. 11 352
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow.____________ 356
Clay, plastic, blue_______________ 361
7-40-5bbcl
Ogallala formation:
Soil, silty, dark-brown.______________________________________ 2.5 2.5
Silt, blocky, light-gray; contains streaks of organic material...-. 1.5 4
Caliche, sandy, buff; interbedded with light-brown plastic clay.... 23.3 27.3
Clay, sandy, plastic, light-brown; interbedded with thin streaks of
plastic clay..--_-...--------.---.-.-----.-..-_----.---.--- 18.7 46
Sand, fine to medium, calcareous..---_--_-.----_--_-------..-- 3 49
Clay, silty, sandy, soft, plastic, light-brown... _________________ 7 56
Sand, fine to coarse, well-cemented; contains some caliche __-._. 10 66
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, slightly cemented _____-______--_- 3.5 69.5
Clay, silty, hard ._.--_.....-.-__--.---.-....._-.__...-_---. 1.5 71
Clay and caliche _____---____________-__-__--_____---___---_- 5 76
Clay, soft, buff, and hard light-brown silty clay_--_------_-_--_- 30.6 106.6
Caliche, hard, buff; interbedded with clay ..__...__.____._-.-._- 18.4 125
Silt, clayey, and fine to coarse sand ___________________________ 6 131
Silt, hard, and very fine to coarse sand, cemented ___-_---_---__ 15 146
Clay, soft, and fine to coarse sand ____________________________ 4 150
Sand, medium, to fine gravel _________________.._________------ 1.5 151.5
Clay, silty, soft, medium-brown ______________________________ 14.5 166
Clay and sand, fine to coarse ________-_-__---_____-____-____-- 1 167
Sand, medium to very fine gravel, loose _______________________ 4 171
Sand, medium, to medium gravel, black and green ______________ 6 177
Clay...___.._____.__..____.._________._____. 1 178
Sand, medium, to medium gravel, black and green..._-.__.--_--. 3 181
Sand, very fine to medium, cemented __________________________ 1 182
Caliche, silty, hard, green ___-_-_-_--_-__----______--_-_--_-_ 2 184
Clay, silty, hard, medium-brown_____.______________._______.. 8 192
Sand, very fine to medium___-_______-___.________.___________ 9 201
Silt, clayey, sandy___________________________________________ 14 215
Caliche, hard-_._--_--_--__-____---__----__-.__-__-.-___--__ 0.5 215.5
Sand, fine, cemented______________________________.__________ 4 219.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel._______________________________ 10.5 230
Brule(?) formation:
Silt, clayey, medium-brown __________________________________ 11 241
Sand, medium, to fine gravel; interbedded with silt ______________ 9 250
Sand, fine,to very fine gravel ________________________________ 10.5 260.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonitic, hard, yellow____________-____-_______-_____-_- 15 275.5
Clay, soft, plastic, blue--_____--__-___-____________________-. 1 276.5
7-40-5bbc2
Soil, silty, dark-brown; contains streaks of organic'material. ______ 1.5 1.5

Silt, sandy, light-brown ______________________________________ 3.5 5
188
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7 -40 -5bbc2 Continued
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, well-cemented, hard, buff__---__----_-----__-- 3
Caliche, sandy; interbedded with thin layers of light-brown soft
sandy, gravelly clay _-_-__-____-____--___-_-__-___-----__- 3
Clay, soft, yellow-brown, and soft silt ________________________ 3
Sand, fine, to medium gravel ________________________________ 10.1
Clay, silty, medium-hard, light-brown; interbedded with
light-brown caliche.._____________________________________ 12.4
Caliche, sandy, gravelly _________________-____--_----_--_-__ 3.5
Clay, hard, light-brown; interbedded with thin layers of soft
clay and silt _____________________________________________ 11
Silt, clayey, sandy..._______________________________________ 6
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose.__-_-.__--_-_---_-__- 9.1
Clay, hard, medium-brown __-___________--_.___--___------_- 14.9
Clay, hard; contains fine sand; interbedded with caliche_-__-_-__ 10
Caliche, very fine to coarse sand___ --_--_-_--------_-----_-- 6
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, loose _________________________ 4
Caliche, hard; interbedded with thin beds of white soft clay -.__- 16.5
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, slightly cemented ______________ 3.6
Caliche, soft to hard, buff to light -brown.. -_---_----__--_----_ 11.2
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, calcareous; interbedded with
light -brown soft clay. -___________----_---_--------..---_--- 8.7
Clay, silty, sandy, gravelly, soft __------_---_-_-__---_---_-_- 7.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, loose --_--_-_------------------ 3.9
Clay, sandy, hard __________________________________________ 8.1
Sand, fine to coarse, loose ____________________-_-___..__----- 4.8
Clay, sandy, hard, medium-brown; interbedded with white soft
clay-----.-------.----------..-----.-----:--------------- 5.7
7-40-12aaa
Soil, silty, sandy, dark-brown _______________________________ 1.5

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, silty, medium-hard, buff __--_____----_--_-_---_---_- 0.5
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff ___________________________________ 11.2
Clay, sandy________________________________________________ 2.8
Sand, very fine to medium; interbedded with hard caliche _______ 4
Caliche, hard, buff -----________________-__--__---__---_.__- 1
Sand, medium; interbedded with caliche; slightly cemented______ 2
Sand, medium to coarse; interbedded with caliche._____________ 6.5
Clay, sandy, soft, medium-brown __-_____---_-____---__--_-_- 1.5
Caliche, soft to hard_-_-____-___________---___----_____--._- 1
Caliche, brown; interbedded with stringers of brown clay and
thin beds of brown cemented coarse sand ___________________ 9
Sand, fine to medium, medium-brown. ________________________ 10
Clay, sandy, light -brown _________________-_-___-_-____--.__- 8.7
Sand, medium to coarse, pink; contains some very coarse sand
to fine gravel---_---__-____--__---__-------_--_----_-____ 15.5
Clay, light-brown _________________-____-__--__----_. ._-. 7.8
Sand, fine to medium; contains thin stringers of caliche _.-_____ 13.1
Sand, fine to medium; contains some very fine sand _--___--____ 5.9
Clay, soft, light-brown--_--_---_-_--_---_---___--_---------- 3.5
Sand, coarse; contains medium sand to fine gravel _____________ 5.5
Sand, fine to coarse ________________________________________ 7.6
Clay, plastic, gray; contains some caliche ____-__---__-----___ 2.4
BASIC DATA 189
Table 27. San.ple Ions of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Sand, medium to coarse______________________________________ 1.5 122.5
Sand, medium,to fine gravel--_-------._--_-_________-_______ 2.8 125.3
Sand, very fine to fine, cemented... ______ ______________________ 4.2 129.5
Sand, medium; contains fine to coarse sand ____________________ 1 130.5
Sand, coarse,to fine gravel __________________________________ 0.5 131
Clay, hard to soft; contains cemented zones of sand __----_---___ 7.5 138.5
Sand, fine, cemented; interbedded with hard to soft clay __---_--_ 14.5 153
Sand, fine to medium, slightly cemented _______________________ 2 155
Sand, fine, cemented-________________________________________ 5 160
Sand, fine to medium, loose; interbedded with cemented layers;
contains some coarse sand _________________________________ 16.5 176.5
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very fine to medium gravel;
bed grades downward from very fine to coarse________________ 25.5 202
Sand, fine to medium, slightly cemented; contains some very
fine sand _________________________________________________ 8 210
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel.___-_---___--_---___.______- 13.7 223.7
Clay, silty, plastic, buff to light-brown _____.___.___.___»._____ 5.3 229
Sand, coarse; interbedded with buff plastic clay--_----_---_---_- 2 231
Sand, medium to coarse, loose to cemented; interbedded with buff
plastic clay_________________~______________________________ 30 261
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy, plastic, yellow-brown ____________________________ 30 291
Shale, hard, plastic, dark-blue________________________________ 10 301
7-40-36ddd
Soil, silty, clayey, dark-brown________________________________ 1.5 1.5

Ogallala formation:
Clay, silty, dark-brown ______________________________________ 2.5 4
Silt, sandy, gravelly, tan ____________________________________ 13 17
Silt, sandy, gravelly, tan; contains thin stringers of caliche ______ 4 21
Silt and sand, very fine to very coarse; contains very fine to
medium gravel ____-----_-----____________________________ 3 24
Caliche, hard, white ________________________________________ 4.5 28.5
Silt, sandy, tan; contains cemented layers_.-_______-___________ 2.5 31
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 6.3 37.3
Silt, sand, and caliche; contains slightly cemented zones__._---_. 6.2 43.5
Silt, sandy, gravelly, light-brown _____________________________ 9.5 53
Sand, coarse,to medium gravel.______________________________ 2 55
Silt, sandy, gravelly, light-brown _____________________________ 6.5 61.5
Silt, soft; contains cemented zones _-_-_---_-_-________________ 9.5 71
Silt, clayey, sandy, medium-brown; interbedded with caliche and
silt stone. ---___--_-_--__--________________________________ 11 82
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel, loose________________________ 13.5 95.5
Silt, calcareous, hard; contains thin layers of siltstone-____-__-_ 15.5 111
Silt, hard, and hard to soft white caliche---__--__._____________ 10 121
Caliche, soft to hard, white; interbedded with silt and
greenish-gray fine-grained sandstone _______________________ 10 131
Caliche, soft to hard, white; interbedded with thin layers of
sandstone ----___.--_.___-_______________-___-___-__--____ 10 141
Caliche, white, and silt ______________________________________ 5 146
Silt, sandstone, and caliche; contains very fine to coarse sand____ 19.2 165.2
Sandstone, very fine grained to coarse-grained; interbedded with
stringers of silt and caliche ________________________________ 7.3 172.5
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-40 - 36ddd Continued

8.5 181
5.5 186.5
2.5 189
5 194
1 195
31 226
9.5 235.5
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand to very fine
gravel ___________________________________________________ 5.5 241
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand to very fine
gravel, silt, and caliche. ______________ ____________________ 10 251
5.5 256.5
Silt, sandy, soft, buff _______________________________________ 14 270.5
5.5 276
5 281
18 299
12 311
1 312
3 315
16 331
20 351
30 381
5.6 386.6
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow, and dark-brown shale _ _ __ _ _____ 12.9 399.5
Clay, plastic, blue.. ________________________________________ 1.5 401
7-42^35dca
Dune sand:
2 2
17 19
Ogallala formation:
3 ' 22
5 27
9 36
7 43
9 52
4 56
7 63
10 73
8 81
14 95
7 102
4 106
5.5 111.5
3.5 115
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, brown to gray; contains streaks of
7 122
7 129
2 131
6 137
6 143
BASIC DATA 191
Toble 27. Sarr.ple logs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-42-35dca Continued

Clay, silty, brown to buff; contains very fine to fine sand and
caliche.-------.--.--------------------------------------- 5 148
Clay, silty, sandy, brown..___________________-__--_.__-..--_-- 5 153
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose------_---------------- 6 159
Silt, hard, tan; contains sand, clay, and caliche ----------------- 4.5 163.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose------.---------------- 6 169.5
Clay, hard._____..____-------- - -- - 1 HO.5
Sand, fine to very coarse, loose; contains gravel---------------- 11.5 182
Sand, very fine to coarse, gravelly; contains thin streaks of
silt and clay.-__.._____..__-----__-------- . - 10 192
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose_---.----_------------- 18 210
Clay, silty, sandy, calcareous, tan ____________________________ 6.5 216.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, cemented zones; contains some
silt and caliche.------------------------------------------- 8.5 225
Clay, silty, sandy,tan ................ r ...................... 14 239
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel----.---.------.------------ 12.5 251.5
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, tan to green _-_--___--_--------_----_- 14 265.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose ---_____-----_----_------- 5.5 271
Caliche, hard, white, and hard sandy, silty clay --__--._---_----- 4 275
Sand, fine, to fine gravel;partly cemented __.____-.-__----_---- 10 285
Clay, sandy, hard, tan _-_._--.-----_---_-_-_----------------- 11 296
Clay, soft, white, and tan silt _._------_--.__----------------- 6 302
Clay, hard, plastic, tan .....-.-.-...-_--._--..-.------------- 4.5 306.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty.._---_--___---_-.--_------ 5.5 312
Clay, silty, hard,tan --.-----.-----------.----_-------------- 2 314
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains caliche.----.--_---_.--- 12 326
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy, hard, plastic, yellow-tan _--___----_-__________-_- 29 355
Clay, hard, plastic, blue to blue-gray.__.-.__--____----_----__- 7 362
8-38-14cbd
[Modified from log of seismograph shothole. Samples studied microscopically by V.H..

Dreeszen, Nebraska Geological Survey]
Dune sand:
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dark grayish-brown ._---__--__--__
Sand, fine to coarse, slightly silty, well-rounded, light
brownish-gray ----__----_---_----_---------_--__-----.---- 10
Ogallala formation:
Marl to limestone, silty, white and very light brown; contains
very fine to fine sand __________-,____-____-_----___---.---- 10 20
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty, very calcareous in part, very
pale brown; contains some fine sand, very fine to fine gravel,
and a few rootlets ----___--_-----_----__------___---------- 10 30
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel; contains some darkly stained
grains-.--_.-._-_-.--__---_._---_----___--_.---.------.--. 10 40
Silt, slightly clayey to slightly sandy, moderately calcareous,
pale reddish -brown _______-____-___---__--_-_--_-_-_--_._-- 10 50
Sand, fine, to fine gravel,very silty, moderately to very
calcareous, very pale reddish-brown ________________________ 10 60
Silt, slightly clayey,'very calcareous in part; contains very fine to
fine sand in part and zones of whitish limy nodules _____________ 50 110
Silt, slightly clayey, very calcareous in part, pale-to
reddish-brown; and very fine to coarse sand; contains zones of
whitish limy nodules _______________________________________ 20 130
_____Toble 27. Saif.ple logs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8 -38 - 14cbd Continued
Oga.lla.la. formation Continued

Sand, very fine to very coarse, and slightly clayey silt,very
calcareous in part, pale-to reddish-brown; contains zones of
whitish limy nodules...____._._._..._.._...._.._____-__-_._ 10 140
Sand, fine, tp medium gravel,slightly silty_-_-_--__----_------- 10 150
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, and sandy silt; very calcareous;
pale-brown; contains a little medium to coarse sand _____..___ 10 160
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, slightly silty, moderately
calcareous, very pale brown.__._.--__--_--_.__--_---------- 10 170
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,very pale brown._________________ 10 180
Silt, moderately clayey, very calcareous in part, light-to
reddish-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand in part-. 10 190
White River group:
Silt, clayey, moderately calcareous, pale-brown-_--___-.------- 20 210
Silt, clayey, slightly calcareous, pinkish-brown---------------..- 10 220
Silt, slightly clayey, slightly calcareous, very light
brownish-gray_------.---_-_-_---_-----___--------_--_---- 10 230
Clay, slightly calcareous, light-green and greenish-gray _--.__-- 20 250
Clay, very calcareous, light-green to light-gray---------------- 10 260
Pierre shale:
Shale, clayey, moderately calcareous, some limonite stain,
medium dark-gray._-_.____________________________________ 10 270
Shale, clayey, moderately calcareous, some limonite stain,
medium-gray__-___-___-_._-___--__.__..--___._.__-.-__-.. 10 280
Shale, clayey, moderately calcareous, medium-gray.------------ 20 300
8-39-lccc
Dune sand:
Soil, silty, very sandy, brown.________________________________ 1 1
Sand, very fine to medium, silty, loose, tan _---.__-----_-_.---_ 16 17
Sand, very fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, loose, tan___ 3 20
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, soft, pink ____________________________________ 3 23
Clay, sandy, hard, brown..___________________________________ 1 24
Caliche, hard, gray._________________________________________ 3 27
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,,silty, loose, pink ____________ 10 37
Caliche, sandy, clayey, hard, gray to pink.-..-_--___-____--__.- 8.5 45.5
Clay, silty, sandy, calcareous, hard, tan ._____________-..___.__ 20.5 66
Sand, very fine, to pebbles, silty, loose .--_-_------_---.___--_- 6 72
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel cemented, green.___-.__-_--- 12 84
Clay, silty, calcareous, very hard, gray -__----.-__----__---._. 7 103
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, green ---.--___-.____ 1 104
Caliche, silty, siliceous, very hard, white..-.____-____-_..___-- 2.5 106.5
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, gray-green ..---..-_____-__-____- 8.5 115
Clay, silty, soft, brown --__--_______-_-._-__.---_----__--__-_ 4 119
Sand, fine, to very coarse gravel,loose, green _________________ 19.8 138.8
Clay, silty, soft, red-brown .-_______--_-___-----_.---__---___ 6.2 145
Sand, very fine to medium, clayey, cemented, hard_-_-_--_-_-___ 4 149
Sand, fine, to pebbles, cemented, medium-hard_--------__------ 4 153
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, gray-green __-___.-___--___-_-_._ 10 163
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, brown to red-brown; interbedded
with white very hard caliche_._--____--_---__---__---___--_. 11 174
Clay, silty, very hard, gray to brown _--_-_--_-_--------_--___- 10.5 184.5
BASIC DATA 193
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-39-lccc Continued

Caliche, sandy, silty, siliceous, very hard, white________________ 10.5 195
Silt to medium sand ; cemented, medium hard, tan, contains thin
layers of caliche ---___--___.--_--____________________-.__- 38 233
Caliche, silty, hard, gray.-_-____--_._._.__.._____._.___.____. 9 242
Brule formation:
Siltstone, hard, gray-green __.__._._______._________.._______. 50 292
Silt, soft to hard, light-gray; contains limonite stain at bottom of
bed ___________________________________________________ 11 303
Chadron formation:
Sandstone, very fine grained, hard, blue-gray.------------------ 1 304
Sandstone, very fine grained to fine-grained, clayey, calcareous,
limonite stain, hard, gray ___---_--_---__________________-_- 28 332
Sandstone, very fine grained to fine-grained, clayey, limonite to
red stain, hard-.---..............._-..-.-....-.-._--..._._ 5 337
Sand, fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, loose,
yellow -green._____________________________________________ 12 349
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel,loose, white; contains many
subrounded grains of quartz ________________________________ 8 357
Sand, very fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, loose, tan ___ 8 365
Clay, sandy, soft, green ______________________________________ 4 369
Sand, very fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, loose, tan __. 8 377
Claystone, limonite stain, hard, light gray-green to dark-gray
mottled with red.----....-._....__-._._-__-.______.__-..,.. 12.5 389.5
Pierre shale:
Shale, hard, blue..___________________________________________ 2.5 392
8-39-15cbb
[Modified from log of oil-test hole. Surface altitude 3,375 ft. Samples studied micro-
scopically by Nebraska Geological Survey]
Dune sand and Ogallala formation, undifferentiated:

(No sample)_________________________________________________ 200 200
Sand, coarse, and gravel; contains a few granules of light-gray
calcareous silty clay and a few fragments of marl ____________ 10 210
calcareous sandy, silty clay, a few fragments of marl, and some
pale -brown very calcareous clay ____________________________ 10 220
(No sample)_________________________________________________ 10 230
calcareous sandy, silty clay, a few fragments of marl, and some
pale-brown very calcareous clay___________________________ 60 290
Pierre shale:
Shale, clayey, iron-stained, weathered light-gray; contains a few
pieces of medium-gray unweathered slightly calcareous shale _ 10 300
Shale, clayey, silty, micaceous, moderately to very calcareous,
medium -gray. -----_-------_-_-_-______________________--- 60 360
Shale, clayey, silty, micaceous, very calcareous, medium
dark-gray; contains some free calcium carbonate ____________ 70 430
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-39-35ccc
[Modified from log of seismograph shothole. Surface altitude, 3,334.0 ft samples studied
microscopically by V. H. Dreeszen, Nebraska Geological Survey]
Dune sand:
Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, medium grayish-brown;
contains a little medium sand___________-_--_-___-__-_-----_ _______ ______
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone, very fine to medium-grained, silty, very calcareous,
whitish-gray._____________________________________________ __--___ 10
Sandstone, very fine to very coarse grained, silty, very
calcareous, whitish-gray; contains very fine to fine gravel.___. 10 20
Silt, calcareous in part, pale-to reddish-brown; contains very
fine to coarse sand ________________________________________ 10 30
Siltstone, very pale whitish-brown, very calcareous; contains very
fine to medium sand and a few rootlets ______--___-__-___--._ 10 40
Sand, fine,to medium gravel;slightly" silty and calcareous _._-_-_ 20 60
Silt and sand, fine to coarse,light reddish-brown_________---___- 10 70
Silt, moderately clayey, sandy in part, moderately calcareous;
contains some white limy nodules _____-_-_--___--___---_---- 10- 80
Silt, sandy, reddish-brown, and sandy calcareous white
silt st one._________________________________________________ 10 90
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, slightly calcareous;
pale-brown _______________________________________________ 10 100
Sandstone, very fine to coarse-grained, silty, and sandy
siltstone; very calcareous; very pale brown-_---_--__--__-___ 10 110
Sand, fine, to medium gravel, silty, moderately calcareous, very
pale brown .........^..................................... 10 120
Marl, silty, well-indurated in part, white; contains very fine to
fine sand--_-.________-______._____________________----.__ 40 160
Silt, moderately to very calcareous, white to very pale brown;
contains very fine to fine sand and zones of limy nodules.._____ 20 180
Silt, white to very pale brown, and very fine to fine sand;
moderately to very calcareous; contains zones of limy nodules . 10 190
Sandstone, very fine grained to very coarse grained, silty,
moderately calcareous, soft, reddish-brown.-___--__-__-___-_ 10 200
Sand, fine, to medium gravel _________________________________ 20 220
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel_-_--__-_---_---------------__- 10 230
Sand, very fine to very coarse, slightly silty, slightly calcareous _ 10 240
Marl, well-indurated in part, white; contains slight to moderate
amounts of very fine to fine sand________-_-___-_-__-__-___._ 10 250
Pierre shale:
Shale, clayey, slightly calcareous, pale grayish-yellow __________ 10 260
Shale, clayey, some limonite stain, moderately calcareous, very
light gray to medium dark-gray________---_--_-______-__--__ 10 270
Shale, clayey, slightly silty in part, very calcareous, medium-to
medium dark-gray____-_-_-----_-_--__----_-----_-__-___-__ 60___ 330
8-41-ldaa
Soil, silty, dark-brown__-_____________-__-__-_-_-___--------- 0.5 0.5

Ogallala formation:
Silt, sandy, clayey, calcareous, tan________--__-_-___-__----__- 6.5 7
Sand, medium, to very coarse gravel; contains pebbles _.___-___. 7.5 14.5
Clay, sandy, soft, gray to brown ________--_--__-_-__-___--__-_ 13 27.5
Sand, fine, to fine gravel,loose _______________________________ 7 34.5
BASIC DATA 195
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-41 -Idaa Continued

Clay, sandy, calcareous, hard, brown to gray_-__--___--____--__ 11.5 46
Sand, very fine, to very coarse gravel,loose ___________________ 23 69
Sand, very fine, to pebbles ___________________________________ 10 94
Clay, sandy, hard, gray..___-_...___._..._._.._____.____...__ 2 96
Caliche, sandy, white, and very fine sand; cemented; hard _______ 18 114
Clay, sandy, soft, gray----------___--_---_____---___--___-___ 4 118
Caliche, sandy, hard, white; contains streaks of hard cemented
very fine sand ____________________________________________ 12 130
Sand, very fine, tightly cemented, tan--__________-_____-____-__ 21 151
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, green_____________________________ 3 154
Sand, very fine, clayey, green-gray; contains layers of white hard
caliche_________________________________________________ 22 176
Clay, sandy, hard, tan ----___---__--___-__-_-__________-_---_ 11 187
Sand, very fine, clayey, cemented, brown; interbedded with
streaks of white medium-hard sandy caliche____--______--__-_ 28 215
Brule formation:
Siltstone, sandy, very hard, gray-green________________________ 42 257
Chadron formation:
Siltstone, clayey, hard, red___________________________________ 4 261
Sandstone, very fine to coarse-grained, subrounded to rounded
grains, very hard _________________________________________ 28 289
Clay, sandy, limonite stain, hard, orange; contains red and green
mottled claystone__________________________________________ 7 296
Pierre shale:
Shale, hard, blue ____________________________________________ 16 312
DUNDY COUNTY, NEBR.
4-41-lbbb
Dune sand:
Soil, silty, and very fine sand; brown __________________________ 5
Clay, silty, soft, brown ______________________________________ 3
Clay, sandy, hard, tan _______________________________________ 12 20
Clay, very sandy, tan ________________________________________ 2 22
Sand, very fine to medium, loose, tan__________________________ 5 27
Caliche, sandy, soft, white.___________________________________ 5 32
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _____________________________________ 2 34
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, silty, cemented, brown ________________________ 3 37
Clay, sandy, hard, light -gray _________________________________ 3 40
Sand, very fine, silty, slightly cemented, brown. _______ _________ 2 42
Clay, sandy, soft, tan to gray _________________________________ 3 45
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _____________________________________ 11.5 56.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, clayey, cemented, hard, brown;
contains streaks of caliche _________________________________ 59 115.5
Chert, very hard, white______________________________________ 0.5 116
Sand, very fine to medium, silty, calcareous, hard, green.__-_-__ 6 122
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, calcareous, hard, brown.___ 17 139
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, calcareous, hard, brown;
contains layers of caliche __________________________________ 144
________________Table 27. San.ple Ions of test holes Continued_______________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-41- Ibbb Continued

Sand, very fine, to fine gravel, silty, cemented _________________ 8 152
Clay, sandy, soft, brown ___________ __________________________ 5 157
Sand, very fine, to fine graveljloose..-.--.-------------------- 4.5 161.5
Caliche, hard, white ...________.'.....________..__--.-__.__ 0.5 162
Sand, very fine, silty, cemented, hard, green ___________________ 8 170
Clay, hard, green; contains siliceous layers__-_.-----_.-------- 2 172
Clay, very silty, cemented in layers, hard, brown--_---__-----__ 20 192
Sand, very fine, silty, cemented; contains brown hard layers of
caliche...._______________________________________________ 8.5 200.5
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel,loose _---_--_-__-_-__._-----_-- 1.5 202
Sand, fine, to fine. gravel,loose, cemented in streaks, green _____ 8 210
Clay, sandy, silty,tan ______.__..___.__________________----__ 19 229
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, brown_-_-_--___-___.__--_--_-- 3 232
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,green _______________-___------- 10 242
Sand, fine,to fine grave],loose ________---__---_-.-_---___---_ 2.5 244.5
Clay, soft, brown_-___________________j_______-._____-_------ 1 245.5
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose ___________________________ 4.5 250
Caliche, and fine-grained sandstone; lightly cemented __.--.-___ 12 262
Caliche, hard, buff ______________i.________-_-_-_____- ------ 10 272
Caliche, hard, white, and very fine grained sandstone ___--_--_-- 2 274
Clay, sandy, hard, brown____________________________________ 10.5 284.5
Sand, medium; contains very fine to very coarse sand ___________ 8 292.5
Sand, medium; contains very fine to very coarse sand and thin
layers of caliche __________________________________________ 3 295.5
Sand, medium; contains very fine to coarse sand__________--____ 6.5 302
Sand, medium; contains very fine sand to fine gravel; cemented in
thin zones __-_--_--__________________________-____--_-___- 12 314
Clay, hard to soft, tan, gray, and yellow; contains some thin
streaks of dense caliche _____________-_-_-_________--_---_- 10.5 324.5
Sand, medium, to medium grave^loose.-.-----------.----.---- 6.5 331
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow to light-green, and yellow shale ___________ 4.5 335.5
Shale, light blue-gray_______________________________..-_-_._- 1.5 337
HAYES COUNTY, NEBR.
5-33-6bbb
Sanborn formation:
Silt, soft, tan; contains very fine sand___-___---_-_-_-___---_--. 59.3 59.3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy, hard to soft, white to buff ___--___-____-------_. 12.7 72
Caliche, sandy, hard, buff ---_-_________--_-_-__.____---_--_-. 10.8 82.8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel;contains some well-cemented
z one s ---------___---_-_-_-____-----_---_________-__---_-. 14.9 97.9
Silt, sandy, soft, tan; contains some caliche _____----___-__---_. 6.8 104.5
Sandstone, very fine grained to medium-grained, silty; contains
some siltstone _______________________..-_____-__---_-_-_-_. 6.5 111
Caliche, silty, sandy, white _______________.__-_______--___-_.. 8.8 119.8
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly, loose ____________ 5.5 125.3
Silt, cemented in zones: contains very fine to coarse sand and
some caliche______________________________________________ 16.7 142
BASIC DATA 197
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-33-6bbb Continued
Ogallala formation:
Silt, clayey, sandy, soft, gray_________________________________ 6.5 148.5
Silt, sandy, soft, light-brown; interbedded with thin streaks of
sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 21.5 170
Caliche, silty, calcareous, hard to soft, white_--_----__-___-____ 12 182
Caliche, soft, white, and sandy silt _.._._._____._.______._._._. 10 192
Caliche, calcareous, hard to soft, white ________________________ 4.3 196.3
Sand, very fine, silty, light-green, and soft white caliche_-_--____ 5.7 202
Caliche, hard, white _________________________________________ 23 225
Silt, hard, gray; contains very fine to coarse sand. ______ ________ 7 232
Silt, hard, brown and gray; contains very fine to coarse sand _____ 10 242
Silt, soft, tan to gray; contains very fine sand to very fine graveL. 13.5 255.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,silty; partly cemented in
zones_____________________________________________________ 19.1 274.6
Silt, sandy, soft, gray ________________________________________ 7.4 282
Sand, very fine to coarse; contains very coarse sand and silt_.___ 10 292
Silt, sandy, soft, green _______________________________________ 10 302
Sand, very fine to coarse, green; contains some silt and caliche___ 10 312
Silt, soft, green, and very fine sand____________________________ 20 332
Silt, hard, green; contains very fine sand_______________________ 6 338
Caliche, hard, white, and sandy soft tan silt ___________________ 17 355
Sand, very fine, to fine; gravel silty, loose _____________________ 10.6 365.6
Pierre shale:
Clay, soft, yellow, and dark-brown shale; contains some
pale-blue plastic clay ______________________________________ 6.4 372
6-34-6bbb
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, hard, dark-brown__________________________________ 2.7 2.7
Silt, soft, light-brown ________________________________________ 7.3 10
Caliche, white to buff; contains very fine to coarse sand .-___-___ 9.2 19.2
Silt, sandy, soft, light-brown; contains some caliche. ____________ 25 44.2
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to medium graveljloose _______________________ 11.9 56.1
Silt, clayey, soft; contains some very fine to fine sand and caliche. 10.5 66.6
Sand, very fine,to coarse gravel______________________________ 0.8 67.4
Silt, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand____ 13.6 81
Silt, sandy, hard, light-brown; interbedded with streaks of caliche. 9.5 90.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose _______________________ 6.5 97
Silt, light-brown; contains very fine to coarse sand and some
caliche ___________________________________________________ 14 111
Silt; contains very fine sand to fine gravel______________________ 18.5 129.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty________________________________ 2.9 132.4
Clay, plastic, light-brown; and sandy blocky medium -brown silt. _ 8.6 141
Silt, clayey, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand __ 10 151
Sandstone, fine-grained ______________________________________ 2 153
Silt, clayey, light-brown; contains very fine to very coarse sand__ 8 161
Silt, sandy, light-brown; contains some caliche _________________ 4.2 165.2
Silt, clayey, sandy, plastic, medium-brown _____________________ 5.8 171
Silt, white; contains very fine to coarse sand _______----___--___ 20 191
Silt, sandy, and fine-grained sandstone_._______________________ 15.2 206.2
Caliche, sandy, white; interbedded with thin streaks of light-brown
silt; contains some cemented zones _________________________ 216
Table 27. San.ple lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-34 -6bbb Continued

Silt, clayey, sandy, light -brown.... _..__..___.___.___.____.__. 5 221
Silt, clayey, buff; and very fine sand to very fine gravel; hard____ 20 241
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty, hard __-_----_--------_--_ 6 247
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel^loose __________________________ 12.4 259.4
Silt, sandy, soft, gray..._.______.._._..__.._____.____.___.___ 6.6 266
Sand, very fine to very coarse; interbedded with white to blue soft
clay and streaks of sandstone___________________--____-____- 4 270
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose; contains very fine to
medium gravel ___________________________________________ 6.7 276.7
Silt, hard, medium-brown; contains very fine to medium sand____ 14.3 291
Silt, clayey, sandy, medium-brown to white __-____----------_-- 7 298
Silt, sandy, hard, greenish-gray-___--__-_--______-_-------__- 2.3 300.3
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, loose_______________________ 16.3 316.6
Silt, tan; contains some very fine to medium sand __---__-_-____ 6.9 323.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, hard, plastic, yellow-brown_.___________________________ 6 329.5
Clay, plastic, blue ..._.__...__..__...._..._.....__.._._...__ 1.5 331
6-34-31ccc
Soil, silty, brown; contains some fine sand.________-____---_-__ 4 4

Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose; contains some silt and
nodules of caliche________________________________________ 17 21
Sand, very fine, to gravel, silty; contains some thin cemented
layers and nodules of caliche___________________---__--__-__ 24.5 45.5
Caliche, hard to soft, buff; interbedded with very fine grained to
medium-grained sandstone.._______________________________ 8.5 54
Sandstone, very fine grained to medium-grained, gray-green;
contains some caliche _____________________________________ 13 67
Silt, soft, green; contains some very fine to coarse sand ________ 4 71
Silt, slightly cemented brown; contains some very fine to coarse
sand.______._____________________________________________ 20 91
Silt; interbedded with very fine sand to fine gravel__--_---_____. 13 104
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, gravelly__________________ 12.5 116.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, yellow and light blue-gray_______________________ 4.5 121
7-34-6bbb
Dune sand:
Soil silty, medium-brown; contains some very fine sand_________ 1.3 1.3
Sand, very fine to fine; contains some silt _____________________ 8.7 10
Sanborn formation:
Clay, silty, soft, light-brown, and silt _________________________ 11 21
Silt, light-brown; contains some very fine to fine sand __________ 52 73
Clay, silty, hard, light-brown ---_________________-__-_-_.____ 19 92
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, white; contains very fine to medium sand __.__---_-____ 17 109
Sand, very fine to medium ___________________________________ 2 111
Sand, very fine to coarse, calcareous _________________________ 5.5 116.5
Silt, sandy, and caliche ______________________________________ 10.5 127
BASIC DATA 199
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose.___--___--._________-_ 31.5 158.5
Silt, clayey, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to medium sand;
interbedded with caliche and fine-grained sandstone.._..___.__ 12.5 171
Silt, hard, medium-brown; contains very fine to coarse sand.____ 6 177
Silt, sandy; interbedded with very fine sand to very fine gravel ... 11.5 188.5
Silt, ciayey, sandy; interbedded with fine-grained sandstone...._. 2.5 191
Silt, clayey, sandy; interbedded with caliche and siltstone________ 20 211
Silt, clayey, and sandy caliche __.__-.______.____._._.__...__._ 5 216
Clay, sandy, gravelly, light-green; interbedded with light-brown
sandy, gravelly silt._______________________________________ 9 225
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel_.___________________________ 19 244
Silt; interbedded with caliche and sandstone ____________________ 17 261
Silt, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to coarse sand ________ 20 281
Silt, hard, medium-brown; contains very fine to medium sand___. 29.5 310.5
Caliche, sandy; interbedded with greenish-gray and white
fine-grained sandstone_____________________________________ 10.5 321
Silt, sandy, hard, gray-green.________-.__--____-_._________._ 20 341
Silt, sandy, hard, gray-green; contains cemented zones_____--__- 20 361
Silt, sandy, hard, white.._____________________________________ 5.2 366.2
Sand, medium to very coarse, calcareous ______________________ 4.8 371
Silt, sandy, hard, white ______________________________________ 20 391
Sandstone, fine-to medium-grained, calcareous.---.._--__-_--._ 10 401
Silt, white, and very fine to coarse sand _______________________ 10 411
Sand, fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, white to
light-green--___-_-__--____________--__--_--_______-_-____ 5 416
Sand, very fine to very coarse, well-rounded grains, white to
light-green; contains some light-green to pink silt and very fine
to fine gravel____________-_-_-__________-_._-______-___-._ 5 421
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow and yellow-brown shale _-__--___--.-__________-__ 8.5 429.5
Clay, plastic, dark-blue______________________________________ 2 431.5
8-35-31ccc
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, medium-brown; contains some very fine to medium
sand___________________________________________________
Silt, light-brown; contains thin clayey zones... _______________ 78 86
Silt, hard, orange-brown; contains streaks of white clay _______ 17 103
Ogallala formation:
Clay, silty, soft, light-gray; contains thin streaks of caliche and
some very fine to coarse sand ____________________________ 13 116
Silt, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to medium sand ____ 12.5 128.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose.___________________ 0.5 129
Silt; contains very fine to medium sand ______________________ 9 138
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose _________________________ 5.7 143.7
Clay, hard, light-brown, and very fine to coarse sand _________ 6 149.7
Sand, fine to very coarse, loose; contains very fine to medium
gravel ..._.._.__..._________._____________.____________ 4.3 154
Clay, hard, light-brown; contains very fine to coarse sand _____ 31 185
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose.__--___-__-_-_.________-_ 15.7 200.7
Clay, silty, sandy, hard, light-brown ________________________ 209.5
Sandstone, fine-grained, and soft white clay; contains some layers
of fine to coarse sand____________________________________ 217.5
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Clay, sandy, hard, light-brown; interbedded with gray soft clay.-. 12 229.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel...._----__-___--__---------- 20 261
Silt, clayey, sandy; contains some caliche-----------------.-.-- 23.2 284.2
Sand, very fine to very coarse, slightly cemented; contains some
very fine to medium gravel ________________________________ 6.8 291
Sandstone, fine-grained, buff; interbedded with white soft sandy
clay and light -gray silt ________________________-_-----_--_- 18 309
Silt, light-gray, and very fine to very coarse sand; contains some
thin well-cemented layers. ______________---_____---_-_----_ 22 331
Silt, clayey, sandy, white to light-brown _______________________ 20 351
Silt, clayey, hard, light-gray to white; contains very fine sand to
very fine gravel and streaks of white clay._-_____---_-----__- 14 365
Pier re shale:
Clay, hard, yellow-brown, and dark-brown shale.-..__-_-__-_-._ 29 394
Clay, hard, blue.-------.____________________________________ 7 401
HITCHCOCK COUNTY, NEBR.
3-35-2aaa
Sanborn formation:
Silt, clayey, soft,tan ________________________________________ 102 102
Silt, clayey, soft, tan; contains thin streaks of caliche ----..__-_- 10 112
Silt, clayey, soft, tan ________________________________________ 20 132
Silt, clayey, soft, tan; contains very fine sand -___.______--___-- 30 162
Silt, soft; contains very fine to fine sand ___-----_____----_--_-_ 10 172
Silt, soft; contains very fine sand to very fine gravel and some
caliche.....-.__.__.._...__..___..______.._._.________.___ 21 193
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,slightly cemented ___-_-----.-_-_ 6.5 199.5
Caliche, soft, white__________________________________________ ' 0.3 199.8
Limestone, hard, white ---_.________---_----________-_---__-- 2.2 202
Silt, and caliche; hard; white --.__..-_----___-_._-_---_---_-._ 21 223
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,silty; contains some cemented
zones ____________________________________________________ 9 232
Sand, very fine to fine graveljloose--_---_-------._---__--_--_ 3.2 235.2
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,well-cemented __________________ 5.8 241
Silt, sandy, soft, tan, and silty, sandy hard caliche -__--__--_-.- 23.5 264.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose; interbedded with gray soft sandy
silt and very fine to very coarse sand ----_-___-__------_-_.- 17.5 282
Caliche and silt; sandy; gray..._________-_--.________--_-_-_-- 10 292
Silt, sandy, soft, tan to gray ---__--_-------_--.---_._----__--_ 10 302
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel, light-green; contains silt and
some caliche.----____-_-------._.__---_____---__-____.____ 3 305
Silt, soft, gray to light-green -_-__---_-_-_--_-__-_-____-_--_-- 7 312
Sand, very fine, to fine graveljinterbedded with layers of silt -__- 18 330
Silt, clayey, sandy, and some caliche; yellow to tan; interbedded
with thin layers of sand ____________________________________ 36.5 366.5
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, light-green to tan, and
sandy, gray silt ________..._.__._.______.__....________.___ 15.5 382.0
Sand, very fine to very coarse, well-cemented; interbedded with
silt and caliche.___________________________________________ 6 388
BASIC DATA 201
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-35-2aaa Continued

Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty, loose, light-green..._--___ 4 392
Sand, very fine, to fine graveljinterbedded with light-green silt. _ 11.7 403.7
Pierre shale:
Clay, soft, plastic, yellow to light blue-gray-.--.---.-.---._--- 6.6 410.3
4-34-2aaa
Alluvium:
Silt, soft, light-brown to gray-.--.-... ....__.__.__...__._.___ 22 22
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty, fossiliferous; contains
nodules of caliche ________________________________________ 30 52
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty; contains nodules of caliche
and some thinly cemented zones _________-_-_.--____-_____- 20 72
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose; contains nodules of
caliche...______________________________________.-___._ 13 85
Sand, very fine to very coarse; contains very fine to medium
gravel ---_---____-_____--___-_____________._.__.________ 6 91
Pierre shale:
Clay, soft, light-gray to dark-blue with slightly yellow stain ____ 1 92
Clay, soft, plastic, gray to dark-blue; contains yellow streaks... 4.8 96.8
4-34-6bbb
Sanborn formation:
Silt, clayey, soft, tan _______________________________________ 79 79
Silt, Soft, tan; contains very fine to coarse sand and caliche.---. 4 83
Silt, soft, and sandy white caliche.__..__.....--_________.._.- 16 99
Ogallala formation:
Sand, fine, to medium gravel,loose; contains silt and caliche.... 2 101
Caliche--__-.......__------_._--__________.-_____.______._ 1 102
Silt, soft, brown; contains very fine sand to fine gravel and
caliche__..-....._...__...._..__...--..__.....___________ 9.5 111.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,silty, loose.._.--_.__._--_.- 5.5 117
Silt, clayey, soft, light-brown; contains sand and caliche. _______ 25 142
Caliche, white to gray, and silt; contains very fine sand to very
fine gravel -----_---_---._-___._--_______-__--________-__ 10 152
Caliche, soft, white; interbedded with light-green silt and
light-green very fine grained to medium-grained sandstone ... 10 162
Caliche, soft, white, and medium-brown silt; contains some
cemented zones __________________________________________ 10 172
Caliche, hard, white; interbedded with light-brown to light-green
soft silt; contains very fine sand to fine gravel _-._..-._.-..- 52 224
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose-...-....-.__..._._--- 6.5 230.5
Caliche, hard, and sandy silt; light -green___________________ 23 232 8
Silt, cemented in zones, soft, light-green; contains very fine to
very coarse sand____________________________________.____ 9.2 242
Silt, clayey, sandy, light-green; contains some white caliche .__. 13 255
Sand ______________________________________________________ i 256
Silt, clayey, sandy, light-green; contains some white caliche .__. 1.5 257.5
Sand ______________________________________________________ 2 259.5
Silt, clayey, sandy, light-green; contains some white caliche .-.- 6.5 266
Silt, clayey, hard, yellow to tan ______________________________ 10 276
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, tan __________________________ 6 282
655012 O - 63 - 14
Toble 27. Sanyle lofls of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Silt, clayey, sandy, hard, yellow to tan; contains some streaks of
silt stone_________________________________________________ 20 302
Silt, clayey, plastic, and tan and gray caliche; sandy____________ 25 327
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,silty; interbedded with layers
of silt _-_---__-__--____________________-_------_____---_- 13 340
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, hard, yellow to light-gray. -___--_-------_-_-_--- 4.5 344.5
Clay, plastic, hard, dark-gray____-_________------_-__--_---_- 2.5 347
4-34-26ddd
Sanborn formation:
Silt, clayey, dark-brown to tan _______________._________.---_-. 22 22
Silt,tan ____________________________________________________ 20 42
Silt, clayey, soft, tan______________________---_-_-___-__---._. 25 67
Silt, clayey, soft, tan; contains very fine sand---_-----_-__--___- 4 71
Silt, soft, tan; contains some sand, gravel, and pebbles _.._---__- 26.5 97.5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft to hard, white ___________________________________ 4.5 102
Caliche, sandy, silty, soft, buff_--_----_---_--_------_-.------- 16.5 118.5
Caliche, hard, white_____________________________-______------ 3.5 122
Caliche and siltstone; gray____________-______---__-_--._-_-_-_ 4 126
Silt; contains very fine to coarse sand and some caliche.___-_._._ 9 135
Silt, cemented; contains very fine to coarse sand________________ 6 141
Silt; contains very fine to coarse sand and some caliche._________ 1 142
Sandstone, very fine to medium-grained, and white to gray caliche- 18 160
Silt, clayey, gray, and caliche.___--__------_--_-_--_--__------ 7 167
Silt, hard,tan, and caliche-____--_-_-__--_____-_.__---__---_-_ 7 174
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, loose ____________________________ 2 176
Silt, clayey, soft, tan, and caliche _---_--.___--__-_______------ 13 189
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty, frosted wellr-rounded grains,
loose.____________________________________________________ 10.5 199.5
Silt, sandy, soft, gray ________________________________________ 8.5 208
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty; contains some slightly cemented
zones.___________________________________________________ 6.5 214.5
Caliche.____________________-_________-___-_----_-__._.-_-- 0.5 215
Sand, very fine to coarse, silty; contains some slightly cemented
zones... __________________________________________________ 19.3 234.3
Silt; contains very fine to very coarse sand_____________________ 3.7 238
Silt, clayey, hard, tan, and siltstone._-_______.-_-.___--_.--_--- 4 242
Silt, clayey, hard, tan, and siltstone; sandy .__--_---___._._-___. 25.5 267.5
Sand, very fine to very coarse; interbedded with silt and caliche __ 4.5 272
Silt, sandy, soft, gray._______________________________________ 6.8 278.8
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,and silt; gray to green_.__-.__ 19.9 298.7
Pierre shale:
Clay, plastic, light-green, light-blue, and yellow __________.-__-. 4.3 303
Clay, plastic, dark-blue _______---_-__-___________-___-------- 5 308
BASIC DATA 203
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
PERKINS COUNTY, NEBR.
9-37-36ddd

Soil, silty, soft, chocolate -brown ______________________________ 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Clay, silty, calcareous, hard, red-brown; contains streaks of
white soft sandy caliche___-_-_--___--__-___-_--_--__-_-_-_- 19 26
Caliche, very sandy, silty, medium-hard, tan_------_---_------- 4.5 30.5
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, well-rounded, loose, clean,
dark-gray ________________________________________________ 2.5 33
Caliche, very sandy, clayey, silty, medium-hard, tan__---_------ 7 40
Clay, silty, medium-hard, red-brown_-__---_-_---__-----_-_-_- 12 52
Sandstone, very fine grained, silty; contains tan medium-hard
calcareous fine sand to medium gravel _______.__.-____-__--- 16 68
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel.loose, green ________________ 6 74
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose, green to pink..-___._--. 6.5 86.5
Clay, silty, calcareous, medium-hard, gray to tan ______________ 3 89.5
Caliche, very sandy, silty, medium-hard, tan_---_--_----------- 4 93.5
Clay, silty, hard, green _____________________--______--_-__--- 4.5 98
Clay, silty, hard, brown_____________________________________. 5 103
Sand, very fine, silty, cemented, tan.------..------------------ 1 104
Clay, silty, hard, brown_____-_______--_-____--__-_---_-.____- 8 112
Siltstone, sandy, hard, brown--__--__-_--__-_-_--__------__-..- 6 118
Caliche, sandy, hard, white_________._________________________ 3.5 121.5
Sand, very fine, to pebbles, loose, green to gray _____-_-_.____._ 30.5 152
Clay, sandy, calcareous, soft, light-brown _-_---_-__-__--_-_--- 6 158
Caliche, sandy, silty, hard, white to brown _____________________ 5.5 163.5
Clay, sandy, soft, light-brown _--_--.--______--_----__--__---- 7.5 171
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel,loose, green ____._--__-__-_-. 4 175
Clay, sandy, soft, green-gray._._-___-__--__-_--___--__--._--- 6 181
Clay, sandy, soft, red-brown ___-____----____--___.--____-_--- 5 186
Caliche, sandy, silty, hard, white to brown _____________________ 9 195
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,loose, green _________._-_-_._-_- 17 212
Sand, very fine, silty, cemented, soft, brown ___________________ 10 222
Caliche, sandy, hard, white.__________________________________ 1 223
Clay, sandy, soft, light-gray to brown _--____-____-__--___----_ 10 233
Caliche, sandy, soft, white to gray__________________________.._ 5 238
Caliche, sandy, soft, white, cemented____-_____--__-___---__-_- 11.5 249.5
Caliche, sandy, silty, cemented, soft, gray to tan ________.-_--__ 2.5 252
Clay, sandy, silty, soft, red-brown ____________________________ 8 260
Caliche, sandy, silty, hard, white_____-_-_____----__--_---____- 3.5 263.5
Caliche, sandy, silty, soft, white to brown; interbedded with brown
soft clay- --..-.--- --------- --- -- - --- 17-5 281
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, loose, tan--_----_----_---_ 5.5 286.5
Caliche, silty, sandy, medium-hard, white; interbedded with thin
layers of brown soft clay_________________________.______--_ 4.5 291
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, tan_______.-________- 11 302
Caliche, very sandy, silty, soft, white to tan_________.___.--_- 26 328
Brule formation:
Siltstone, sandy, calcareous, soft, gray-green _-_-____.____----_ 14 342
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-40-3add
[Modified from log of oil-test hole. Samples studied microscopically by Nebraska

Geological Survey]
Dune sand:
Sand, fine, to fine gravel,quartzitic; contains some silt and soil 20 20
(No sample)___-________-____-___-____--_-_-__-----_-_----- 10 30
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; becomes progressively coarser with depth ____ 110 140
Sand and gravel; becomes progressively coarser with depth;
contains trace of lime..--____--___-__--__-___-___-------_ 60 200
(No sample)_______________________________________________ 100 300
Gravel, very coarse; contains a few calcareous granules.----_- 10 310
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, silty, sandy, moderately calcareous, light-gray with a
slight greenish cast, and quartzitic sand and gravel _________ 20 330
Clay, silty, sandy, slightly calcareous, light-gray with a slight
greenish cast, and quartzitic sand and gravel -___--_-_______ 10 340
Clay, silty, sandy, very slightly calcareous, light-gray with a
slight greenish cast, and quartzitic sand and gravel _._-_-___ 94 434
Pierre shale:
Shale, slightly calcareous, dark-gray ______--_------__----___ 434
10-36-9ddd
[Modified from log of oil-test hole. Samples studied microscopically by E. D. Gordon,

Nebraska Geological Survey]
Dune sand:
Sand, fine to medium, light-brown; contains some coarse sand
and a little dark-brown sandy silt ___________________________ 10 10
Sanborn formation:
Sand, fine, light-brown; contains some medium to coarse sand and
a little dark-brown sandy silt __________________--_---___--_. 20 30
Sand, fine to medium, light-brown; contains some coarse sand and
a little dark-brown sandy silt _______________________________ 10 40
Sand, very fine to medium, light-brown; contains some coarse
sand and a little dark-brown sandy silt----------------------- 20 60
Sand, very fine to medium, light-brown; contains some coarse
sand, a little dark-brown sandy silt, and very small amounts of
caliche and lime-cemented sand.. _.__________-_-__--_-_____- 30 90
Sand, fine to medium, silty, light-brown; contains some tiny
fragments of caliche and lime-cemented sand _.___-.--_------. 10 100
Sand, silty, somewhat calcareous, light-brown to tan; contains
considerable amounts of caliche and lime-cemented sand_______ 30 130
Sand, very fine, somewhat silty, slightly cemented with calcareous
cement, well-sorted, light-brown to tan-_.----_---_--------_- 10 140
cement, well-sorted, light-brown to tan; contains a little caliche _ 10 150
cement, well-sorted, light-brown to tan; contains caliche and
lime -cemented sand ___-_-_______.-.--__.___________--____- 20 170
Sand, very fine to medium, somewhat silty, slightly cemented with
calcareous cement, well-sorted, light-brown to tan; contains
caliche and lime-cemented sand. ______._________---____-_--- 10 180
Tertiary deposits undifferentiated:
Sand, fine to coarse, lime-cemented, light-gray to tan; contains
abundant caliche----_-_-__-_-_--____--__------_---------__- 10 190
BASIC DATA 205
Table 27. Sample lo.qs of test holes Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
Tertiary deposits undifferentiated Continued

Sand, coarse, lime-cemented, felspathic, light-gray to tan
tinged with pink; contains abundant caliche __________________ 10 200
Sand, coarse, very limy, cemented, felspathic, pink to tan;
contains abundant caliche__________________________________ 30 230
Sand, medium to coarse, limy, cemented, felspathic, pink to tan;
contains abundant caliche __________________________________ 10 240
Sand, fine to coarse, calcareous, light-pink to gray; contains
considerable caliche ______________________________________ 20 260
Sand, medium to very coarse, calcareous, light-pink to gray;
contains considerable caliche and a little fine gravel _________ 20 280
Sand, medium, to fine gravel, calcareous, light-pink to gray;
contains considerable caliche and a little tan silt _____________ 10 290
contains considerable caliche and a little pinkish-tan sandy
silt stone-_-----__-_-_--____-_____________________________ 40 330
contains white caliche, granular marly limestone, and a little
pinkish-tan sandy siltstone___ ______________________________ 10 340
Gravel, fine, to coarse sand, pink to gray; contains white caliche_ 10 350
Gravel, fine, to coarse sand, pink to gray; contains white caliche
and some medium gravel __________________________________ 10 360
Gravel, fine, to coarse sand, pink to gray; contains white caliche,
light - to greenish-gray silty sandstone, and some medium
gravel___________________________________________________ 20 380
Sand, medium, to fine gravel, light-pink to gray; contains a
little white caliche________________________________________ 20 400
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel, pink to gray to brown; contains
a small amount of caliche _________________________________ 10 410
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel, pink to gray to brown; contains
much pink to tan silty sandstone and a small amount of caliche. 10 420
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel, slightly calcareous, pink to
gray to brown; contains much pink to tan silty sandstone and a
small amount of caliche ___________________________________ 10 430
Sand, coarse, to fine gravel, pink to gray; contains some medium
gravel and a little caliche _________________________________ 20 450
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel; cemented in part with lime;
pink to gray; contains a little caliche._______________________ 50 500
Gravel, fine to medium, pinkish-gray to brown; contains a
little caliche _____________________________________________ 10 510
Gravel, medium, to coarse sand, pinkish-gray to brown; contains
a little caliche.___________________________________________ 10 520
Gravel, medium, to coarse sand, pinkish-gray to brown; contains
a little caliche and very small amounts of tan silty clay.______ 20 540
Sand, medium, to medium gravel, angular grains, light-pink to
gray__ _ ___ __ _ _____ 10 550
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel, angular grains, light-pink to
gray.. __ ____ _ _______ _______ 15 565
Pierre shale:
Shale, slightly calcareous, somewhat silty, light grayish-yellow
(coarse gravel cave) ______________________________________ 5 570
Shale, clayey, somewhat silty, slightly calcareous, medium
dark-gray (coarse-gravel cave)____________________________ 10 580
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-38-36aaa
Sanborn formation:
Soil, silty, brown___________________________________________ 4
Caliche, silty, sandy, soft, white to tan -----_--__--_-----_-__- 13
Sand, very fine, to pebbles, loose, green _--__---_----_---_-_-_ 10
Caliche, silty, sandy, soft, white to tan _______________________ 8
Clay, sandy, hard, gray _____________________________________ 3.5
Clay, silty, hard, red-brown.________________________________ 15.5
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine,to pebbles, loose, green _____________________
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel, dark gray______---___-_-__-
Clay, sandy, medium-hard, tan to brown _----_----_-_-_---____ 16
caliche, sandy, soft, white----___----_---_-_--_--------_--__- 6
Clay, silty, hard, red-brown_._______________________________ 10
Caliche, sandy, hard, pink to white ___________________________ 14
Clay, sandy, hard, brown_---_-_-_--_-_---_-__--_--_--_---___ 6
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel,loose, pink to tan ___________ 18
Clay, sandy, hard, brown__-_-__-__-_---_-----__---_---_-____ 6.5
Caliche, sandy, soft, white to gray -_--___----------__----_-._ 4.5
Caliche, sandy, hard, gray______-__-----_--__-------_--___--_ 5
Clay, sandy, hard, brown....___--_-_-----___--__------____-- 17
Caliche, sandy, hard, white_____--_-__--__-__-_-_--------_-_- 1
Clay, sandy, hard, tan _--_-------_-_--_-_--__--___---_--_--- 2
Caliche, sandy, hard, white...._---_.._-_---__-___-------__-_ 1
Clay, sandy, hard,tan -_--___.__--_----__---_-----.___---_._ 8
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel,loose, green--_-_------_---_-__- 23
Clay, sandy, hard, brown; contains streaks of white hard
caliche __________________________________________________ 13
Clay, sandy, hard, browrt____________________________________ 17
Caliche, sandy, hard, white..________________________________ 5
Clay, sandy, hard, tan ______________________________________ 2
Caliche, sandy, hard, white_________________________.-___.__ 16
Sand, very fine to medium, cemented, tan _____________________ 3
Caliche, sandy, hard, white.______-----_-__-_______-_________ 8
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, green__-___-_----___,___ 3
Clay, silty, soft, gray-green_______-___-_---__-----___-______ 7
Caliche, sandy, silty, soft, white to gray __---_-__--__--_-_____ 13
Clay, sandy, very calcareous, soft, gray --_-__-_----_---______ 20
Sand, very fine, to medium, and cemented gravel, green ________ 16
Clay, sandy, soft, brown ________-_-----__-_-________________ 3
Sand, very fine,to fine gravel,loose, green ___________________ 7
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,slightly cemented, green to tan __ 33
Clay, silty, hard, brown_____________________________________ 10
Clay, silty, hard, tan; contains layers of very fine to medium
sand ____________________________________________________ 13
Sand, very fine to medium, silty, tightly cemented, green to tan-- 10
Sand, very fine to coarse, loose, green __-__---._-.--____--___ 17
Caliche, silty, medium-hard, white. ______ ____--_-_-_---_--___
Sand, very fine to very coarse, loose, green___________________
Chadron formation:
Clay; hard, yellow, green, and red, and limonite-stained very
hard green claystone_____________________________________ 6.5
Pierre shale:
Clay, limonite-stained, hard, yellow_-_-------_-_-_---________ 7.5
Shale, hard, blue _-__---________-__---_-__---__-____._______ 3
BASIC DATA 207
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-41-36ddd

Soil, silty, sandy, chocolate-brown. ____________________________ 2.9 2.9
Ogallala formation:
Sand, very fine, to pebbles, silty, brown _-----_----_---_---_--.- 0.6 3.5
Sand, medium, to medium gravel,loose, tan ____________________ 4.5 8
Clay, sandy, soft, brown _______-_-____________--._-___-___---- 0.5 8.5
Sand, very fine, to very coarse gravel,loose, tan.-..------------ 41.5 50
Clay, sandy, soft, brown---_...___--_..__.-._.-___---_--__---- 4 54
Caliche, sandy, clayey, medium-hard, gray to tan ___-.____..___- 7 61
Gravel, medium, to sand medium, loose, tan .___-.__-___-_.-_-- 10 71
Clay, silty, soft, brown _-__-___--__--__--___---_-.-___-------- 13 84
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, tan _.--._-__.-___.--- 1 85
Clay, silty, medium-soft, tan...... __-..-..-_---___-__---__--.- 51 136
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,slightly cemented, tan _._.___.__-- 8 144
Clay, silty, calcareous, medium-soft, gray to brown _____________ 29 173
Sand, very fine to very coarse, silty, slightly cemented, tan ______ 2 175
Clay, calcareous, soft, gray-green; contains thin streaks of white
hard caliche and red-brown soft silty clay ____--___----____-_- 14.5 189.5
Clay, soft, red-brown ____________._________--__--__.___.._ 7 196.5
Sand, very fine, to very fine gravel,loose, tan ._-___-___-___--_- 5.7 202.2
Caliche, silty, soft to hard, white to gray ---_--_--__--__--_.---- 5.8 208
Clay, silty, medium-soft, gray-green __________________________ 6 214
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, white to gray and silty
medium-soft gray-green clay...__--___._--_-----_-----_---_ 21 235
Clay, silty, hard, brown; contains white hard caliche, opalized
pebbles, and layers of green hard claystone__.____-.__--_.-_-_ 21 256
Sand, very fine, to fine gravel,cemented, green to tan ___________ 12 268
Clay, silty, hard, white to brown_______________________________ 7 275
Brule formation:
Siltstone, hard, gray-green _-__.-__--_--_-_---_--.-------_---_ 7 282
Silt and clay; sandy; gray green to light brown___-____-__--__.__ 12 294
Sand, medium, to fine gravel;cemented, well-rounded to
subangular grains-_-_-_-_----__----_-___---___--------_-_-_ 9 303
Silt, sandy, soft, brown to gray; interbedded with thin lenses of
dense clay..______-.______________----------- 19 322
Chadron formation:
Clay, dense, brown to green, and hard white caliche; interbedded
with very fine sand to very fine gravel ___________--__-.__-___ 20.5 342.5
Sand, very coarse, green; contains medium to coarse sand and
caliche .___________________________________- 9 351.5
Clay, plastic, light-green to brown.._..-_-___________ __________ 14.5 366
Sand, very coarse, to very fine gravel..________.---_---._----_- 1 367
Clay, plastic, light-green to brown_______. _____________________ 5 372
Clay, soft, tan-.--.---.--__..__-----__.___-__---.-._--_ 10 382
Clay, dense, hard, green to brown __-_--__.__________-___--__-_ 15 397
Sandstone, clayey, very dense, hard, white; contains layers of
green hard claystone.__-.____--__-__---_------------------_ 16.5 413.5
Claystone, orange limonite stain, dense, hard, white; contains
layers of yellow hard clay ..._-.-__----_--------_-_--------- 28.5 442
Sandstone, very fine grained to coarse-grained, cemented, hard,
tan.............................__-.-.--._---_-----.----- 2 444
Clay, silty, hard, red-brown, and hard green claystone----------- 19 463
Pierre shale:
Shale, hard, blue...__-.---------------------_------.-__-... 9 472
_________Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells__________
LOGAN COUNTY, COLO.
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-48-5aaa
[Surface altitude, 4,165 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; clayey______________________________________ 110 110
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and white _______________________________________ 40 150
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 55 205
6-48-5bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___________-___--__-_-------_---------------- 70 70
Clay, sandy, and sandstone_---_----_----.-------------------- 90 160
Clay, gray and green --_----___----_-----_-----_---_--_---_-- 40 200
6-48-19ccc
[Surface altitude, 4,181ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-.---..-------------------------------------- 120 120
Clay, green and yellow..-_----__---_--_---------------------- 30 150
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ----------------------------------------- ----- 55 205
6-48-19ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____-_-------.-_---.------------------------- 130 130
Clay, brown and green; contains streaks of sandstone ----------- 20 150
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue -------------- . . - 55 205
6-48-20ddd
Ogallala formation and White River group, undifferentiated:

Gravel.--.------.-__-------------------------------------- 80 80
Sand and sandy brown clay ..._____-____.____.__________-_.--_ 90 170
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue..--..-.__.__....._.__.--.- -- ------ 30 200
BASIC DATA 209
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-48-22ccc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel...__-_-_-__-.__-.__._______._____._.._._._.___.._____ 170 170
Chadron(?) formation-:
Limestone and aandy brown clay____----_--__--_--.-----___---- 10 180
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue....................__..__.__.._...__...__...._.. 30 210
6-48-22ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.______________________________________________ 170 170
Clay, sandy, brown and gray.__________________________________ 40 210
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue...__...__..__.__...____-...--.________..._ 10 220
6-48-23dcd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..-__---.-----_.-.--------_--_---------------- 160 160
Clay, sandy, green -_---_-----_---_--_--_--------------------- 30 190
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ------------------------._-....------------ .--- 10 200
6-48-25aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay _._.._.---___----._-__--_---__-_-------- 160 160
Clay, green, and hard sandstone------------------------------- 45 205
6-49-2aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay---------------------------------------- 165 165
Clay, green ------------------------------------------------- 40 205
6-49-3aaa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..--..-.---------------------------------------------- 5° 50
Clay, sandy, brown, and sand..--__----_--------_-------------- 150 200
______Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-49-3bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__.._.__......______....____...__________._._ 140 140
Clay, sandy, gray ...._.____._...___._.__..__._._.._.________ 60 200
6-49-4bbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel._-.-_----._........_.....__.._-.-_-...--_._-_.--___- 50 50
Clay, sandy, brown__.___.--__-.___.-_____---__-_____----__.- 60 110
Clay, gray and green _.__..__.._____.__.__--__-_-___-----_._- 90 200
6-49-5bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay _____-_____--____---------__------_---- 80 80
Chadron( ?) formation:
Clay, brown .__.-.__...._...._._...___.----_-_-------------- 40 120
Clay, white, and soapstone ___________________________________ 40 160
6-49-9bbb
Ogallala formation;
Sand and gravel_________.___.___________________-____--.---- HO 110
Clay, sandy, gray .__________________-__---.__--------------- 90 200
6-49-16bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--_----__-_-__-__-------.--------.------------ HO 110
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and white __._________________-.___-------------- 40 150
Clay, green _--__.--__----__--_---_------------------------- 55 205
6-49-18aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...____----__--__---_------------------------ 120 120
Clay, sandy, gray .______----_____-_-_---__------------------ 50 170
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _____.________ - 30 200
BASIC DATA 211
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflroph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-49-19aaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown_________________________________________________ 30 30
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 30 60
Clay, brown__---__--____-_____________.___..___..____....... 20 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, white ------_-----__-___--_-_--________________________ 40 120
Clay, green _________________________________________________ 50 170
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue..._________________._-.--..-__..__._.._.__.__. 30 200
6-49-19d
[Test hole]
Soil....____________.______..._______________ 5
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay.__._.__..___.__._____._______.____________...__ 55 60
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 10 70
Pierre shale and White River(?) group, undifferentiated:
Shale, blue__________________________________________________ 280 350
6-49-30ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _____---_-____-__-__---_--____-__-___-______- 50 50
White River(?) group:
Clay, brown, yellow, and green _______________________________ 20 70
6-49-31ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel --___----______-__-_--___--_-_-__-_-----_---_ 50 50
Clay, green and yellow _______________________________________ 40 90
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale, blue_____..______..__..______.._______.--_ 115 205
6-50-4dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel __---_---_-_--_-_--_--__--_-__-_--___-_---__- 30 30
Clay, brown-__-____-----_----_--_--_---_---------_.--------- 100 130
Clay, brown and green ____________..__________-_--__-____-_-_ 60 190
GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASEST
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6-50-5cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel._____________________________________________ 100
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, sandy, brown______.__...-.___..._....__..._.....____.. 90
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 35
6-50-6bcc
Sanborn formation and Ogallala formation, undiff erentiated:

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 90
Clay, sandy.....________._.___________..___...___...___.._._ 130
6-50-6dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 100
6-50-7bcc
Sanborn formation and Ogallala formation, undiff erentiated:

Sand, gravel, and clay _______________________________________ 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, sandy, brown__________________________________ ________ 60
Clay, brown and green.______________________________________ 20
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 65
6-50-7cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel______________________________________________ 50
Clay, sandy...._____________________________________________ 40
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow_-__--_-____-____________-___---__-_--_-____--_- 70
Chadron{?) formation:
Shale, green..______________________________________________ 30
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 30
BASIC DATA 213
Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) . (feet)
6-50-8cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.___.__..-______.-__.__..__.._.__..._______.. 80 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and yellow-_-___-___-___-___-___-______________. 40 120
Clay, yellow and green -____.._.__._..__._______.___..___._._ 30 150
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 40 190
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 35 225
6-50-9dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 60 60
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and yellow __--_---__---_-------_-------_-_-_---_ 60 120
Clay, green _.__...__...-...-__.-__.___.__._-_._--___--_-._- 70 190
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _____...__-----____-_______________ 25 215
6-50-10baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__-__-_-_--__---_-____-_---____-_-_-_---__-__ 140 140
Clay, sandy......-_...___.___.-.--__-._--_.__-_..___-.....__ 80 220
6-50-10dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__.____.._.__.__.____._._.___._..____-____-__ 60 60
Clay, brown _________________---_-----------_--_-------__--_ 80 140
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 65 205
6-50-llbaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__-_-__--_-_-_-_-_--__---_--__--------------- 120 120
White River (?) group:
Clay, sandy.____________-._.__.__..-_-.._-_ . 60 180
Clay, yellow.._________.--.---_-._ ._ 25 205
Clay, green ..__.-_._-._---__--__--._--.--__---_-_-----._--- 15 220
Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shothoies, and wells- Continued
Thicknes Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-50-12abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.___...___.__._.._.___.._.___.____.._._._____ 80 80
Gravel and brown clay___._._____...__.___.__._.____._______. 60 140
Clay, brown --.__._-__..._____._..__..__.___-__._---_.__--_- 50 190
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 35 225
6-50-12daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_.._-_._..____.__.__...__..____-_--_-._-__-__ 110 110
Clay, yellow--..----..__._..._.__.__...__._____.___.___.____ 70 180
Clay, green _-._..._-_._....__...._..___._.----.-__--__-.__. 40 220
6-50-13baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.____..____-.._._-._.---..__-----_-_---_--_-. 45 45
Clay, sandy......._....._...___..._.....___.__..._---.---__. 30 75
Clay, yellow._.........__..__..._..__..__..__-....._-_..-... 100 175
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue.._.____.._..__._...___.._...__....__...._._.___. 25 200
6-50-13daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay..._.__..____._____--__._-___-_-..--__-. 60 60
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown _-_....._...__..._...._.._-.._.--_..-._---.---_- 20 80
Clay, green.________________________________________________ 90 170
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _______.._.____.__....__-- - 195 365
6-50-14baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.___-.__.___...__-.__---__---_-_------.------ 50 50
Clay, sandy._____-_-____-______--_--._--------_------------- 20 70
White River (?) group:
Gravel and clay..--___-__-,____-----__----.----------------- 115 185
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue __.---.-..---__........--.--..---------.--.---- 35 220
BASIC DATA 215
Toble 28. Drillers' lo.qs of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes. and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-50-15cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 48 48
Rock _____________________________________________________ 12 60
Clay, sandy.---__---__---________-___._________.____________ 90 150
Pierre shale:
Clay, ye llow---__--_________________________________________ 30 180
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 40 220
6-50-16cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 100 100
Clay, green ----------_---__-_-__---__-_______________-____- 35 135
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 50 185
6-50-17dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 80 80
BruLe(?) formation:
Clay, brown ...._.__.............._.__..._....._..._.....___ 20 100
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 40 140
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 45 185
6-50-18cdd
Sanborn and Ogallala formation, undifferentiated:

Sand, gravel, and clay _______________________________________ 60 60
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow.-.-...___________________________.--_-----. 20 80
Clay, yellow and green _--------_-_-__-_-_--_---_----_--_---- 20 100
Rock -_-__---------------_------_----_-------------------_- 4 104
Clay, green .--_.___-__---___----_----_----_----------_----- 36 140
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._.-......___-.------.-------___--_----_.------ 65 205
6-50-19cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy_________-__--___----___---__-_._---------------- 150 150
Clay, yellow ______---__----------_----_------_--_----------- 70 220
Table 28. Drillers' loo,s cf lest fol?s, seismograph sfiotfioles, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6-50-21cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 45
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow _____..___.__________.._._.________-____._..____ 50
Shale, green ________________________________________________ 40
Pier re shale:
Shale,blue _.._______________.._____.______..___._.__.______ 45
6-50-23aaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and gravel_______________________________________ 40
Clay, sandy, brown _.___.__________..___._.______._____-___-_ 40
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and yellow _.______-______-____--_---___----_-_-_ 40
Clay, green____________._____________--_--_____..-_--------_- 20
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ...__._________________________----- ---- 45
6-50-24aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___________..___________._______.___-__---_-- 50
Clay, sandy___-_________-_________-_-____-------__--__--__--. 60
Clay, yellow ______-__________________-__-_---__---------_-_- 48
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue.__--______--_________.____--_------------------_- 42
6-50-25baa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel, large--__--------_-----------_-_-------_-------_---- 60
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown __-_--___-___--___-___---_-__---_---__---_---_-_ 40
Clay, green_________________________________________________ 30
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue .__-.._-..__.........._-..--.---_---..---_---_--_ 55
BASIC DATA 217
Table 28. Drillers' lo.qs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-50-27baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy.._-___.___-____________..._..__._.._.____.___... 20 20
Brule( ?) formation:
Clay, yellow._______________________________________________ 65 85
Shale, green---_---__-----------__----____________________-- 10 95
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue.__---_-______.._.____.._._._.__..__.__._...___._ 85 180
6-50-27c
[Test hole]
Soil..__._____..__________..______________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche......_.._.__._____..__..__-_.___...__..._...___.._.- 13 15
Gravel........._______.___...__-_._._____.__..._..____.-__. 20 35
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale, yellow.._____.._______._.__._______... - 45 80
Shale, blue.-....--..-.-.-------_--------.--_--__-------.---- 140 220
6-50-30cbb
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentiated:

Clay, sandy, brown.....--__----_---------------_------- -- 100 100
Clay, green.-...-------------------------------------------- 30 130
Clay, yellow--..-------------------------------------------- 20 150
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ..___.__..______________.____----- 40 190
6-50-31a
[Test hole]
Sanborn(?) formation:
Soil.._________.___________-.____-___ - 15 15
Ogallala formation:
Sand and yellow clay_..______....________..____-__.___. --- 120 135
Shale, yellow ________----- -------- . 50 185
Quicksand and clay __--__.---_-_----__----------------------- 15 200
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale, hard,__------______- ___ - - - 200
6-50-31baa

Clay, sand, and gravel___-_----_---_---_-----_--------------- 80 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and yellow -_-------_-----_---------------------- 40 120
655012 O - 63 - 15
Thickness
(feet)
6-50 -Slbaa Continued

Clay, green_________________________________________________ 10
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ----._.__._____._______.._________________________ 55
6-50-31cbb

Sanborn and Ogallala formation, undifferentiated:
Clay and sand_______________________________________________ 80
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow and brown ______________________________________ 10
Clay, green---______________________________________________ 20
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._-_---------_-.__________________________________ 75
6-50-32abb

Sand ________________________________________________________ 30
Clay, brown.________________________________________________ 50
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and yellow_ ______________________________________ 40
Clay, green_________________________________________________ 50
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 35
6-50-33abb

Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 50
Clay, yellow--------_--_________________________.___________ 40
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._________________________________________________ 90
6-50-34baa

Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay________________________________________ 40
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow ________________________________________________ 40
Clay, green...-_._.__............._...._____________________ 10
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._________________________________________________ 95
BASIC DATA
219
Toble 28. Drillers' lo.qs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-50-35baa
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone ___________________________________________________ 40 40
Clay, yellow................................................. 35 75
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue.------.-...---.-...-.....-......-..--..---.-.--.. 105___ 180
6-51-3b
[Test hole]

Soil __________________________________.....---.-------_----. 1.5 1.5
Sand and clay.-------------------------.._-.-----------.----- 8.5 10
Clay..-.---.--..................-....-..-..-.--..--.-------- 40 50
Gravel .........._._..___...._.....__.............__.-_-..._ 25 75
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale...................__.....__.........____..__... 187___ 262
6-31-3c
[Test hole]

Soil-..-....____..__---------------------- 2 2
Loam, sandy---._..-----__.---__---_--_--------.------------ 8 10
Clay.--------...---..-_.---..----.-------------------------- 50 60
Gravel .__........__...._..____..__-----__-------- . 20 80
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale...____..__...__.....__.__.__..-.--.--- --.. 160 240
6-51-4d
[Test hole]

Soil-----------.-.-------.--------------------.------------- 1.5 1.5
Sand and clay....__...____.______-._.____-----.---.-_-------- 8.5 10
Clay-----------.---..--.-----__---------..-. ----- - 40 50
Gravel .........__.__.__..__-....__-----__------ . 30 80
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale...__.............__..____.__----- ----- - 145 225
6-51-24add

Clay, brown.----......---...----------.-__....--._.------.. 10 10
Sand and gravel ____..______.______._________._---_---------- 50 60
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, yellow......__.__.____.....__..--..-. -... 45 105
Shale, green ..__._..._..___..___-_---__-.-.-.__--.--.-.----. 20 125
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue-------------- ----- ---- -- ----- - 55 180
Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thicknes Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-48-19ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and brown clay__________________________________________ 50 50
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 80 130
Clay, brown_________________________________________________ 70 200
7-48-20aaa
Ogallala formation:
Limestone __________________________________________________ 10 10
Clay, sandy, brown -__-_------------_--._-_------------------ 50 60
Gravel ___________________________.....__._... ... 120 180
Clay, aandy ............................. _.------------------ 20 200
7-48-20ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel; and clay.------------.-------------------------- 160 160
Clay, brown______--------..--___--._------_------------------ 45 205
7-48-21ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel __---_-_-----_-.-_---_-_--------------_------ 180 180
Clay, sandy, brown --_-------------._--------_--_------------ 20 200
7-48-29ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay.--------------------------------------- 60 60
Sand and gravel _-_--__------_--__--------------------------- 100 160
Clay, brown-----.----------------.-------------------------- 40 200
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue__..._-___.-.-..-__.__---.--.--.------------------ 25 225
7-48-32bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay---------------------------------------- 160 160
Clay, green -----.--.--------.----.----------- --------------- 45 205
BASIC DATA 221
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-48-33aaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, brown---_-----------------_--_--_---------._---- 60 60
Sand and gravel....__________________________________________ 80 140
Clay, sandy.------------------------------------------------- 60 | 200
7-49-7d
[Test hole]
Soil ---------___------__..__.-__---.__-----__------- 5
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay-----..----------------------------------------- 65 70
Sand.------------------------------------------------------- 20 90
Gravel..--------__------_---------------------------_------- 10 100
Clay.------------------------------------------------------- 50 150
Brule(?) formation:
Shale--...__-----__-------------__--------------__...--I 30 | 180
7-49-13ddd
Ogallala formation:
Limestone and clay.------------------------------------------ 40 40
Sand and gravel..__..__..__..--____--------- ------ 130 170
Clay, brown--.-.----.__..____.__..-.__----- --- -| 35 | 205
7-49-25aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..__------__.____----------------__.--. 120 | 120
Clay, sandy, brown.-----------------.------------------------ 40 160
Clay, brown and yellow--------------------------------------- 40 200
7-49-28d
[Test hole]
Soil ______________..__.__..---__---------- -- 6
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay.--.-------------------------------------------- 19 25
Clay.__._____-.____-----__.. -------- -. - 35 60
Shale.--.--.------------------------------------------------! 90 1 150
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-49-36ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel ______ 90 90
Clay, brown and white 30 120
Clay, brown and green. 85 205
7-50-labb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay _______-_-___----_--__ 140 140
Brule( ? ) formation :
Clay, sandy. ________________________________________________ 40 180
Clay, sandy, brown, green clay _ ... _____-------..---_------..--- 20 200
Clay, green _-_---__..---_-______-___.----..------------------ 65 265
7 -50 -2 abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___-___-__.___ _____-____-__-_-----__-_-----_- 100 100
Sand and clay----------_--____-_- _._-_-_--------------_----- 60 160
Clay, sandy, brown _.______...._.__..__________--___----___-- 65 225
Sandstone, hard...... ---.-._.._._.___---._--_..-.--.-_-.._-- 5 230
Clay, brown, sandy _____ ___....__-_...___._____-____--_------ 35 265
7-50-2d
[Test hole]
Soil __..__-_-_-.__._._--____.__..___.__...___--____-_..---_ 5
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay. ------_-----___.---____-_---_-----.----------- 20 25
Gravel ._--_------._..-----____---____---..------------------- 10 35
Clay. ..___. ___ . __ .. __ __ __ ... __ ..... __ -.---.- __ ... 90 125
Shale..... __ -------...... __ __ . __ .---. __ ------ __ --_- 60 185
7-50-3bab
^gallala formation:
Sand and gravel--------------.-----.------------------------- 180 180
Sand and clay-_-_--------------__--------------------------- 20 200
Clay, sandy. -__._-_.._______.____-__-_--_--_---------_------ 65 265
BASIC DATA 223
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-4baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---..---.____________________________________ 110 110
Clay, sandy-----.-..-------.--------------.----.------------ 140 250
7-50-5baa

Sand and gravel...._.._..._.._.___.__.__._.._.__._._.._._.._ 110 110
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown and white _______________________________________ 50 160
Clay, green, and hard sandstone______________________________ 100 260
7-50-6cbb

Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay-______--__---_------- 120 120
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown.____...____________________._____... 155 275
Clay, brown, and sandy green shale __-_-.-_.---_-..--.--_----- 30 305
7-50-7aba
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel______--_.--__--.------_--_--__-----_.------- 120 120
Rock, hard ledges; contains streaks of clay-.---------..-_----- 95 215
Clay, brown..--------.-------------.-------.--------------- 45 260
7-50-7cbb

Sand and gravel.----.--------------------------------------- 80 80
Clay, sandy.__--------____------------------- __ ___ 170' 250
7-50-8baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel______-___-__-___-______--__-__----------_-_- 60 60
Gravel.. ________________...__--------------_____.__--_ 30 90
Gravel and clay.-.-'---------.------------------------------- 30 120
Clay, brown.-.-..--..-..------.----------.----------------- 140 260
224 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY. FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
Table 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-9bab
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay.--.------------------- 120 120
Clay, white and brown.__..__.___._.______.______.._._________ 60 180
Clay, brown _________________________________________________ 70 250
7-50-10abb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel -.___-_-..-___-___..______.____..__________._____.,__ 70 70
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay.._____________________ 70 140
Clay, brown__-_______..__._____________.__._._.____._.___.__ 110 250
7-50-llbaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-_----__--__-______._____._-_-_--__----.--__- 170 170
Clay, sandy; contains streaks of green clay. __----..--------_---- 80 250
7-50-12abb
Ogallala formation and White River(?) group, undifferentiated:

Sand and gravel; contains streaks of sandy clay _._--____--_--.-- 215 215
Sand and green clay_-_--_-.-_-_--_-___------_--..----__------- 35 250
7-50-12daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay. ----_---_--_---__---_--------__----__-- 160 160
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown----------___-__.__________-__--__-_-__----_--___ 60 220
Clay, green __.___.____...__________.______-_____--_____--_-_ 45 265
7-50-13baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _-------___--_----.------_-----__-__----_---- 140 140
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown---_._.._--_-_-__-___-__-_--_----__-_---.---------- 50 190
Clay, brown and green _____-__________----_-___--_----_------ 70 260
BASIC DATA 225
Table 28. Drillers' of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-13daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-------_---_-___---___________________._______ 110 110
Clay, sandy._-_____-_______-..___._...__.__.._.__._..___..._. 90 200
Clay, green _________________________________________________ 50 250
7-50-14baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..____________________________________________ 140 140
.Clay, sandy._________________________________________________ 110 250
7-50-15baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-_____________________________________________ 130 130
Clay, sandy.--.---------------_-----------_--___----------.-- 120 250
7-50-15cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and brown clay_______________._-..___-_____-__- 140 140
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown __------_--___--_-----_--_----_---------------._- 40 180
Clay, brown and green.___________-_____-_____-_____--__--__-_ 25 205
7-50-16baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..--_---_---_._----___---__--__------_-----_-- 150 150
Clay, sandy._--.-_------_--.----_-----_---------_----------_. 100 250
7-50-16cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay _,,----.-___---_-----__-_-.---_-_-------- 120 120
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown _--..----------._-_-----__--------__-----.------- 60 180
Clay, brown and green._________--_____--._--__------__----_-- 25 205
Toble 28. Driller' loss of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-l7baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains some clay_-----_-------__----------- 120 120
Brule(?) formation:
Gravel; contains streaks of clay.._..._._...__-__---___-_--___. 60 180
Clay; contains streaks of sandstone ___________________________ 70 250
7-50-l7cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 100 100
Sandstone, hard ----------------_-____--_---------_---------- 10 110
Clay, sandy______.__________________________________________ 90 200
7-50-l8cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay___________.____________________________ 100 100
Clay, green_________________________________________________ 105 205
7-50-23baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_----------------------._------------_------- 130 130
Clay, sandy.__________-___._______.__.__----.-___._.__._____ 70 200
7-50-24baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---_---------_-_________.-__---------_--_---_ 140 140
Clay, sandy_.-__.___-_---_______________----._-__-._____-___ 60 200
7-50-24daa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 30 30
Sand, gravel, and clay..-._-_--_________----__---------_--_---_ 110 140
Clay, brown and green -----______________------_---_-----_--_ 65 205
BASIC DATA 227
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-25abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel______-______________________________________ 140 140
White River(?) group
Clay, sandy.______________________________________________ 200
7-50-2 5daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-.------------.______________________________ 160 160
Clay, sandy...._____________________________________________ 40 200
7-50-26baa

Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 30 30
Sand and gravel____------_--_________-.______________----_-- 170 200
7-50-27baa
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone --__-____-_----_--_--_____----_------___-__--___-_ 45 45
Sand and gravel_--_---_---_---_--___------------_--__----_-- 115 160
Sandstone, hard....-_----_-__._._._.--______.__-__._.-----.- 10 170
Clay, sandy._......----.-_......_....-_._....._......------. 30 200
7-50-27cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.__.-_-----_-------__--__---_------_-._------ 100 100
Sand, gravel, and clay -----___----------.----_-------.------- 40 140
Clay, brown and green.___.-.___._...--._-_-.__...__.__---._- 65 205
7-50-28baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and gravel.----_.______..----_-_-_-._______----_- 120 120
Clay, brown _______---------_--______------------__._------- 30 150
Rock ______________________________________________________ 5 155
Clay, brown and green__....__......__-____.____._._.._----_. 50 205
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-28cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay...__..__.____..___._____._..__.________ 120 120
Clay, brown_-_-.__-___-.___._._.._...___._______.._..___.... 50 170
Sandstone __.-____.____..._..________________.___..__.___.__. 10 180
Sandstone and clay___________________________________________ 10 190
Clay, brown_________________________________________________ 15 205
7-50-29baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and graveL..____..__..___.._._.___._..._____..___ 100 100
Clay, brown_________________________________________________ 70 170
Clay, brown and green _._-___.._____.____.__.____...___._._._ 35 205
7-50-29cdd
[Surface altitude, 4, 455 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel ___._.....__.______.__.______.__._.__.___.___ 150 150
Clay, sandy __.-____.____.___._____._.___.__._.__..._._._.... 50 200
7-50-30baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and gravel -._..___.__.____.....______._.__.___.._ 120 120
Clay, brown.________________________________________________ 10 130
Rock -_--_-.._..-.....__._.______._______.__________________ 10 140
Clay, brown_________________________________________________ 60 200
7-50-30bcc

Clay, sand, and gravel _______________________________________ 120 120
Clay, brown.________________________________________________ 40 160
Clay, brown and green _______________________________________ 45 205
7-50-30cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _---__----_--___--__-__------___-____.__--___ 105 105
Clay, sandy _-___-____--___--______._______--_.._._______---_ 95 200
BASIC DATA 229
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-31bcc

Sand and gravel_--_-._--_____--_---_________________________ 80 80
Gravel and clay...__________________________________________ 60 140
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 65 205
7-50-31cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and gravel.....__________________________________ 100 100
Gravel and brown clay -----_------------.--------__-_-_--_.-- 60 160
Clay, brown; contains streaks of sand ----------_-_---------.-- 45 205
7-50-33cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--.--..--.-.---.---------_--_-----_.-_----_-- 100 100
Clay, sandy_--_-____________-_-._._-_______-__----__-___--_- 80 180
Clay, green ----_--------_----..--_------------_-----.------ 40 220
Clay, green and brown.-------. ._...---_.--_-_---_----_--_---- 70 290
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ________________________________________.. 75 365
7-50-34cdd

Sand and gravel.------------_-------_--_---.---------------- 70 70
Clay, sandy.-_---_--_--._--_--__-__-._--__-._-._-._-----..-- 150 220
7-50-35aba

Clay, sandy...__._.-__-_.____-._-__.______-___._-_.-__----.- 70 70
Sand and gravel.--....--..---------.--_--.-_.--.---.-.---_.- 20 90
Clay, sandy.-_-.-..-.--.--_---.-...-.--..----._--..--------- 110 200
7-50-35cdd

Sand and gravel__-.-.--.--..-_.----.-----.--------.--------- 140 140
Clay, sandy.-.--.---_--_---_-_--------------_----._-_------- 80 220
___ Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-50-36baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sand, and gravel_._____________________________________ 140 140
Clay, brown _-_____-___..___.._____.____._____________._..___ 20 160
Clay, brown and green _______________________________________ 45 205
7-50-36daa

Sand.______________________________________________________ 20 20
Clay, sandy, brown--_-__----__-_____________________________ 120 140
Clay, soft, and yellow clay __--_______-_-_-___--------_------- 60 200
7-51-13daa

Clay, sand, and gravel. ________________________--_____---_-_- 100 100
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 80 180
Clay, green ___.__----_-_____-__-__---_------_------_------- 25 205
7-51-24daa

Sand and gravel____-________--________-_---__--------------- 120 120
Clay, sandy________________________-_--._____------_.------- 50 170
Clay, green -----_---_--___-__-____------------------------- 30 200
8-48-3aca

Gravel..----.__------------------__----------- _ ___ 175 175
Clay--..--__---_--------.-----.-.---____- -- -- 25 200
8-48-21abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-.---.-------------------------------------- 147 147
Clay..-.-----__-----___________----- --- 53 200
BASIC DATA 231
Table 28. Prillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-48-24bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand________-_____.__________....._________________________ 10 10
Clay, sandy...______________________________________________ 70 80
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 80 160
Clay. ___________________._-_______________-----__..- 40 200
8-49-10bb
[Test hole drilled by Mr. Vance, 1920. Surface altitude, 4,233.8 ft]
Top soil---.--.--------------------------------------------- 4
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay _______________-_________-.___-____-__---___--- 21 25
Clay-...----...__-----------__.-____..--.....----..--- 75 100
Gravel ______________.._..-__._----_-..-.------------------ 10 110
Shale(?)____-----------___-------------------- -- - 65 175
Gravel__----_---------------_-_---------------------------- 10 185
8-50-16ddd
[Domestic and stock well. Surface altitude, 4,361.3 ft]

Sand...._---.---.---_-------------------------------- --- 60 60
Clay...-.-------------------------------------------------- 116 176
Sand-..._._-._..---------------_------------------ ------ 4 180
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ____.___.-_-------_----_------------------------- 90 270
Rock, hard, porous ------------------------------------------ 5 275
Shale, blue __-..__-----_------------------------------------ 25 300
Rock, hard, porous.----------------------------------------- 10 310
8-50-18dda

Sand and clay; contains streaks of gravel .._------_------------ 60 60
Clay, brown _____---------_--.---_-----_-----------_---_---- 115 175
Clay, green -.._-___--.__---_---------__-------------------- 30 205
8-50-19ddd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel_----------_-----__---------------------------------- 50 50
Clay, gray.------.------------------------------------------ 20 70
Sand and sandy brown clay..------.----_---_------------------ 40 110
Clay, brown _.._._---._---_---_------------------_---------- 90 200
Table 28. DriJJers' Jogs of test holes, seismograph sJiotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
8-50-29ccc

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 90
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 90
Clay, green_________________________________________________ 70
8-51-12dcc
[Surface altitude, 4,176.5 ft]
Oligocene to Recent deposits, undifferentiated:

Sand and gravel_______________________.___.______..--__------ 175
Clay ________-.__..__..____._____- - ---- 53
Pierre shale:
Shale._-----_----__---__-_--___.-----------------------_---- 32
8-51-24acc

Sand...._________-.__..--__---. - -- 40
Clay..--..__--..__-...----.------.------------ ... 175
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________.._______ ------- - 35
8-51-24bbb

Sand.__.---._________..---_ - 25
Clay, sandy.._--_-..-----_--.-._-----_----__---------------- 130
Clay.__..__.__..__-.____..__-__ 51
Rock----.-------...-----.-__..-.....-__--.---. .-._.---_ 3
Clay.____..--____-.________-- 11
Pierre shale:
Shale __-._____________........ - 30
8-51-24cbb

Sand.________..______----- 23
Clay-.-----..-.--.---__.--.......__----- - --------- 210
Pierre shale:
Shale ..__.___________-.__--____ ---- 27
8-51-25baa
Sand and gravel-.__.-----_----__---------------------------- 50
Clay, sandy____........ .. - 240
BASIC DATA 233
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells, Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-51 -25caa

Sand and gravel.._.__.___...___..__.__...__..________..__..__ 80 80
Clay, sandy..'.....____.____..__..__.___......._.____..__..._. 90 170
Clay..__...__..____.___...__..................... 150 320
8-51-25cdd

Sand.____.___.____..._____________-_-__._________________--- 80 80
Clay.------------.___------------_---__-----------------_--- 220 300
8-51-36caa

Sand and gravel---.--------------____________________________ 105 105
Clay, sandy___________________.____..-.____-----__--- 195 300
8-51-36ccc

Sand and gravel-......--------------------------------------- 120 120
Clay, sandy...______.-..-__-----__----------------- -- 130 250
Clay-------------..----------------------------------------- 50 300
9-48-3aaa

Sand.-----------____-------------...--- .. ------- 15 15
Gravel....__...__-----__--__----__----------- .-.- 45 60
Clay-------------------------------------------------------- 70 130
Gravel-.-.---...-...------------------.--------------------- 64 194
Chert.....__........____.__..--__-.____-.__------- 3 197
Clay, brown.....__..____.__--..__... .. ---- 53 250
9-48-4aaa

Clay and caliche--------------------------------------------- 40 40
Sand and gravel---------------------------------------------- HO 150
Clay----..--...--------------__---------------------------- 10 160
Sand and gravel--.---.--------------------------------------- 140 300
Brule(?) formation:
Clay---------.------.--------------------------------------- 5 305
655012 O - 63 - 16
_____Table 28. Drillers' lotjs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
9-48-4ccc

Sand.______________________________________________________ 60
Clay, sandy, and gravel.____________________.________________ 120
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 80
Clay______________________________________________________ 40
9-48-7aba

Sand_______________________________________________________ 80
Clay_______________________________________________________ 40
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 125
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 95
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 25
________________ 9-48-8cdd __________

Clay, and caliche; contains streaks of sand ______.----___-.____ 110
Sand and gravel-____________________________________________ 160
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 95
9-48-9ccd

Clay, sandy, and gravel_-___-_____________--_-__.___---__---- 130
Sand and gravel_.--________-_________________--_-__-__-_-_-- 110
Brule(?) formation:
Clay.______________________________________________________ 60
9-48-10bcc

Sand and clay______________________________________-_--_-_._ 100
Clay and gravel__--___--______________________-_--__-___-___ 60
Sandstone and clay __________________________________________ 110
Brule(?) formation
Clay._____-_--_-_----._____________-__--_--_-__---------. 30
9-48-12ccc

Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 15
Gravel......__________________________ _.. 115
Clay__.________..._____________-._______--. 110
Gravel.. _------____-_-------____________-___-__-___-------_ 40
Brule(?) formation:
Clay._________________________________________________ 20
BASIC DATA 235
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-48-15bbc

Sand and gravel-----_-------------______-__-______._.--__.-- 90 90
Clay, sandy, and gravel______________________________________ 60 150
Sand and gravel--.-----..__.---_.-_..______________..____.._ 120 270
Brule(?) formation:
Clay....________________._________...____.. 30 300
9-48-15ccc

Clay, sandy, and gravel._____________________________________ 135 135
Sand and gravel.-------------------------------------------- 45 180
Clay and gravel---....-------------__-----.--...----_-----. 42 222
Brule(?) formation:
Clay........-......---------..------.__......---.._..-.-.- 78 300
9-48-16ccc

Sand and gravel..__.._____..._______.. - 240 240
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown....._________________________-.._.. 75 315
9-48-19bba

Clay, sandy...______..____..___________ 100 100
Clay, sandy, and gravel..----__.-._.__-_----_---------------- 90 190
Sand and gravel______.___----______---- --- 50 240
Brule(?) formation:
Clay.....__.............. .___.__..__-.-. ---- 60 300
9-48-20bab

Sand and gravel--..-.--------------------------------------- 220 220
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, brown..__... 80 300
9-48-23ddd

Gravel.---............----... .--_-.---.--- ----- --- 54 54
Clay and gravel_.-_-__--.-----_----------------------------- 96 150
Gravel..............--.--...--.--.------------------------- HO 250
Brule(?) formation:
Clay___________________________________ 40 300
9-49-laab

Sand and gravel--------------------------------------------- 12° 120
Clay, brown,._______--- 70 190
Clay, green ------------------------------------------------ 85 275
Thickness
(feet)
9 -4 9 -laab Continued
White River(?) group Continued

Clay, white..________________________...._____. 25
Clay, green .--_-________.___.____.._____-_.._---...__..____ 35
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray_-._._.._.........___._......_-.--_-....-....._.- 30
9-49-lbbc

Sand and gravel._.._.__..__...___._____._--_--_-_.-_________ 30
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 77
Clay, green ............_.._..__......_._..----__--__...__-_ 121
Clay, white.....___._____.__....--------.__-----__.._ 17
Clay, yellow ________________________________________________ 5
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 5
9-49-2bca

Sand and gravel. ____-_----_________________________________ 15
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 80
Clay, green ______.-._______________ ..-__ .-.__-- 72
Clay, white___________________________-_-----___--___--__.__ 18
Clay, yellow--_________-_____________--__-_-_--_----_-____-_ 5
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 55
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray--...--.__-.._______-__---_-----------_-__--. 10
9-49-12aab

Sand and gravel..-.____________________________-----__-_.-_- 105
Clay, brown __-________.________-_____--__-----_---_-_----__ 145
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 5
9-49-12cdc

Clay; contains streaks of sand.___________--------_-_-----_--_ 150
Gravel._____________________________-_--__--___--_----_-__- 55
Clay, brown _______________________-----___---------__----__ 50
9-49-12ddd

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 60
Gravel and sandy clay _______________________________________ 115
Clay, sandy-________--__--_-___----_-------__--------_------ 75
BASIC DATA 237
Tnhle 28. Drillers' Ions of test boles, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-49-l4bba
Dune sand:
Sand....................................................... 40 40
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.-..............._.......__............_..._..-_.-... 107 147
Clay, brown ._....___.__________.______._._.._..._._._._.... 23 170
Clay, green ________.__.__._.___._._..._.__________.____..__ 30 200
Clay, brown ______.-.__.____..._._._...____-___--__-.__._._. 40 240
Clay, green ..-...-_...__.......-..._...-..-.--..__-..__..-. 75 315
9-49-20caa
Dune sand:
Sand.---.--.....................___.......-.----..--.-.-..- 45 45
Ogallala formation:
Clay.__...._______._____...___.__________. 45 90
Gravel--------------.----.---.----....---..--..--.---.----- 150 240
Clay__....._____....__.__.....__..__.....__..__ 60 300
9-49-23bba

Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay __________-_-___---_-_ 205 205
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 60 265
Clay, green ...._..-______..__--.__.___.._._.-____.__-___-.- 5 270
9-49-23ddc

Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay---------------------- 245 245
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 55 300
9-49-24bba

Sand and gravel.._.............__..-....----__---.-....---.- 200 200
Clay__.....__..___...____..____.._______------ 50 250
9-49-25aba

Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay -.----_-------------.- 210 210
Clay...._____-.__-.-._____--.___-.____-.______ 30 240
Sandstone _-__.__-..._______..-______.___--------__--_----_- 17 257
Sand and gravel......----------_-.----__-------------_------ 48 305
Clay, brown __--__--_.__________________--_--------.__----_- 10 315
9-49-25ddc

Sand; contains streaks of clay __.----_-_-_-------------------- 60 60
Caliche..______.._____.__-----__-__------ ------ 30 90
Clay-_______-.__..._____-.____________- 225 315
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, ana wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
9-49-29dbb

Gravel..................................................... 65
Clay......__....__.....____...............---.--__... 75
Gravel..---__________............___......._.____-_____..._ 100
Clay...--- ..__..__..__.............__......___... 60
9-49-33aaa

Sand_______________________________________________________ 44
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 54
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 72
Clay--.--.--.-.............._......._........_.-_.----..... 30
9-49-35aaa
Oligocene to Recent deposits, undifferantiated:

Gravel and sandy clay ___--_-____-______-_.___-____-_-_-____- 100
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 90
Clay__...____..__...__.._____..._____.-__-_... 60
9-50-35bbb

Sand..-----..--.._._......_..._...._.........-.--.-.---.-
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 212
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 40
Clay, yellow.......__.___..____.___-___._._-.------_-------. 40
10-48-30ccc
Dune sand:
Sand....___________________________________________________ 40
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 75
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 25
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 20
Clay, white-..--...__.......-_...__-....__.-.-_----__--_---_ 30
Clay, pink__._______________________________________________ 50
Clay, green ----_____-_______________..______-___--------_-- 30
Sandstone, brown ____-._______._.___________-__._----__-._-- 2
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray--.--....._______________________________________ 93
BASIC DATA 239
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-48-31cdd
Dune sand:
Sand........_._........_..._...._......_..__......_........ 90 90
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.__--____._.-.____...___._____...____.____.__.....___ 90 180
Clay, brown __________________________________________________ 80 260
Clay, green -_----_-----.-----------_-------._-------------- 70 330
Clay, hard, white.....-__-----.-__.__-.-__--___----_._------- 35 365
10-48-32cbb

Sand and gravel..------------------------------------------- 100 100
Clay, brown _____._______..____..__.___.._________._._____._ 145 245
Clay, green ..........._...___......._................_...._ | 120 365
10-48-32ddd

Sand and gravel...____.._._...__.._.---...._..-__.._....-_.- 200 200
Clay--..--...____..__...____.-__-.________.-. 100 300
10-49-26cdd

Sand.........._...._..........._.._..._._..__._.-.._...--.. 80 80
Sand and gravel------.-.---------------------------.-------- 203 283
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray-..-------.-----..---.-___.--.--.----_.---------- 17 300
10-49-27dad
Dune sand:
Sand......................----_..-.----_..-._---------.---. 140 140
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--.----------------------.------------------- 90 230
Clay, white-__--_--._..------__-__-__------------------------ 5 235
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow____.----___-__----.---------.---_-_---___------ 5 240
Shale, gray...-------.---------.-------...-----__--_.------- 15 255
10-49-35abc

Sand--------.---.---.-------------.------------------.----- 110 110
Sand and gravel.-----------_---_-----------._--------------- 193 303
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray.-...-..___....-.._.....-_--.....---.---._.--_-- I 22 325
10-49-35bbc

Sand-.--.------.------------.__------.--.----------------- i 200 200
Clay, sandy, green -_-----__-----_------------------_-------- I 50 250
Pierre(?) shale:
Shale, purple .----------.--------_-------------------------- I 50 300
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismograph shotnoles, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
10-49-35ccc
Dune sand:
Sand..--.---.-..-.--.-........................-.--........ 37
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown ._.._...._...__..__.___...________..________.._ 83
Clay, green ________________________________________________ 40
Clay, white..........._____________________________________ 25
Clay, pink.....-.._.__----_........_.._____________________ 15
Clay, green _______________________________________________ 40
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray________________________________________________ 125
10-49-36aba
Dune sand:
Sand____--_-._____________________________________________ 75
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown ---__-_-__-____________._.-___-______-_--______ 85
Clay, green _______________________________________________ 35
Clay, white..._r_- -----_---_----_--------------------_-_._. 30
Clay, green _______________________________________________ 55
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray ________________________________________________ 85
10-49-36ada
Dune sand:
Sand----..____________________-.____.--.-------.---_---- 78
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 92
Clay, green ----_-__-.-__________________-_______-_-__-_-__ 60
Clay, white________________________________________________ 35
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray________________________________________________ 100
10-49-36bcc

Sand.-..__________________________________________________ 160
Clay, green and brown._____________________________________ 140
10-49-36ccc

Sand and gravel..._________________________________________ 120
Clay, brown __..________-___--__.-__._..___-________-_____-_ 50
Clay, green -_---------_-__-__-_--__-__.___-----_----___-__ 75
Clay, white________________________________________________ 35
Clay, pink----.....________________________________________ 10
Clay, green _______________________________________________ 35
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray-___._-..__..__________.______-__.__-__---_____. 40
BASIC DATA 241
^~_Dr'"e.rs> 'Ofls °f test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thicknes Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-46-3bcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 180 180
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow________________________________________________ 15 195
Clay, blue.____...__....______.....__.__.__.... 15 210
6-46-4dcc
Soil ....................................................... 7
Ogallala formation:
Gravel; contains streaks of clay ______________________________ 200 207
Clay; contains ledges of rock.--_----_------_----------.-----_ 21 228
Pierre shale:
Shale.....__..__________.._____..__..____... 12 240
6-46-l7ccc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel and sandstone---...----------------------.-.--------- 300 300
Pierre shale:
Shale--...__----..___..__-----__--------__----------- 35 335
6-46-26aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel._.--__--------_-------_------_------_---..-- 300 300
Pierre shale:
Shale __..__.______-__.____.__-._______... 35 335
6-47-12abb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel and clay..-.-__---.---------------------------------- 275 275
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue __-...__.-__..__------ . - 10 285
7-43-4bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche.-_---__---_------.-_----.-.---------------- 20 20
Sand and gravel--.---_---._-----_--------------------------- 65 85
Clay and caliche--___-_-__----------------___--_---_-------- 75 160
_____Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shothotes, and wells Continued
Thickness- Depth
(feet) (feet)
7 -43 -4bcc Continued

Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 80 240
Conglomerate-_------_---____-________---__..____--_-______-- 4 244
Pier re shale:
Clay, yello.w_---___---____-.________.._.____._.._______.._._ 11 255
7-43-13bbc
[Test hole drilled by Ben Hasz. Surface altitude, 3,623 ft]
Topsoil _____________________________________________________ 14 14
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____----_-______________-----____-_-----._--_ 17 31
Clay, sandy; contains streaks of gravel..------------.--------- 55 86
Sand and gravel____-____________________-_______--------.__- 6 92
Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 29 121
Sand and gravel.._______________________-_______--_---__._-- 36 157
Clay, sandy; contains some chalk _____________________________ 12 169
Sand and gravel____--_-_________________---______-------___- 122 291
Pierre shale:
Shale, yellow-blue __________________________________________ 9 300
7-43-18abb
[Irrigation well drilled by Arthur Haggard, 1949. Surface altitude, 3,674.5ft]
Soil --.-_-_---____--__________________-_-____-_---------.-- 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Sand, silty, and gravel_______________________________________ 50 55
Sand, gravel, clay, and caliche _______________________________ 36 91
Sand and gravel...._________________________________________ 49 140
Clay--.--------_..-__-..__.._-..__-----__---_----_---_--__- 2 142
Clay; interbedded with sand and gravel ___---__-____-__--_----- 21 163
Sand_______________________________________________________ 2 165
Sand and gravel____---______.___________--____-_----_-_----- 18 183
Sand and gravel; hard _______________________________________ 9 192
Sand, silty, hard ____________________________________________ 10 202
Sand,fair_-______________._.__.________-________-_--__--_-- 5 207
Sand and gravel...._-__________________---_---_-_----.--.--- 28 235
7-43-33acd
[Irrigation well drilled by L. L. Canfield, 1941. Surface altitude, 3,636.8 ft]
Soil ___________________________________--__--_------_---_- 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Clay......__-----_________________---- ----- 12 17
Clay and sand .............................................. 13 30
Clay----.----..-__------__-----__.____-----____--- 10 40
Sand and gravel._--_-_------_--_----___----_-_--_----------- 10 50
Caliche and clay--.__-------.---------_---------_----------- 10 60
Sandstone and clay ____---___.----__------_------------_-_.-- 15 75
Gravel___--.________________-_-._____-_-__---__----------- 11 86
Sandstone ---------.--------_.------------_---_------------- 2 88
Gravel, fine ________________________________________________ 2 90
Sandstone--_---_--_-__-----_---------_-_----_-------------- 7 97
BASIC DATA 243
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismograph shothoies, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7 -4 3 -33acd Continued

Sandstone and clay__..._____....____________________________ 10 107
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 3 110
Caliche, clay, and sandstone _________________________________ 32 142
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 10 152
Sandstone ---___-----___-__-_____-__________________________ 6 158
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 14 172
Sandstone _--___-__--__----______________________,______..___ 2 174
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 18 192
Sandstone, caliche, and clay__________________________________ 10 202
Gravel -----.-------__-----_____-__________________________ 3 205
Caliche, clay, and soapstone _________________________________ 9 214
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 26 240
7-44-2ccd
[Irrigation well drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman, 1952. Surface altitude, 3,711.9 ft]
Topsoil____________________________________________________ 6 6
Ogallala formation:
Sand ______________________________________________________ 2 8
Sand and clay.------___-_---___----_____-_____---___________ 6 14
Clay, sandy; contains caliche___-----______-____ ______________ 10 24
Clay, hard to soft._________-____.___________________________ 11 35
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel_______.__________________________ 27 62
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 12 74
Clay, sandy, compact...... ___________________________________ 4 78
Clay, sandy______....______________________..__....._______ 6 84
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel,loose_____________________________ 12 96
Clay, sandy; contains gravel -_-------_--___-----------_---__- 15 111
Sand, fine,to coarse gravel,loose__ ___________________________ 9 120
Clay, sandy________________________________________________ 12 132
Sand, fine,to coarse gravel -___--_--______-____-_-_____--____ 20 152
Clay, firm, brown _-__--_---__-----_____--____---_____--___. 9 161
Gravel and clay.--_-----_-_---___-_---_-_-__------_--_--_--_ 4 165
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel__________________________________ 23 188
Clay_______________________________________________________ 2 190
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel,loose---_____--____-_-___--______ 18 208
7-44-7aca
[Irrigation well drilled by Arthur Haggard, 1953]
Topsoil-___-_--__________-_____-_--______-____--___-_---__- 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains layers of caliche --__-----_----_--------------_ 24 26
Gravel; contains some clay ____--_---_-_---____----_-_-_--___ 3 29
Clay......___________.____----.____-.___--.____ 16 45
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 1 46
Clay.___________________________________________ 2 48
Caliche, hard ___-_-__-_---___-----_-_----_-----___-----.--_ 1 49
Clay______________________________...___________ 3 52
Caliche, hard ___-____-----___-_---__--__-___---_-----_---.- 1 53
Clay_______________________________.-_-____-.-_- 14 67
Caliche, hard ___---___----___---____----___----------__-_-- 7 74
Clay_____.____---__.___.______-.____----_-.__-___-. 10 84
Thickness
(feet)
7 -44 -7aca Continued

Gravel and clay.________________ 42
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel,loose. 22
Clay, sandy.____________________ 6
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel,loose , 28
Caliche --___-__________-_______ 2
7_44_7ddd
[Municipal well at Holyoke, dug by Kelly Well Co. Inc., 1921]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample) _________________________________________________ 135
Clay and gravel__-______._______________-_.___._.______----. 6
Sand and gravel------___--_-___-_-_____---_-----_-_-_------- 15
Clay________-----______--_-___.._______--.______-.- 12
Gravel_--_----_-.._____--_____________-------__---__------. 3
Clay.____-.__--._-__-__________________----------- .5
Gravel-----------.----.-.------------_-------------_------- 51
7-44-17bcc
[Municipal well at Holyoke, dug by Kelly Well Co. Inc., 1949]
Soil ---------___________________________---------------- 4
Ogallala formation:
Sand; contains fragments of caliche--------------------------- 68
Clay, sandy; contains fragments of caliche..------------------- 15
Clay, sandy, and gravel..____________________________________ 10
Sand and gravel._-_..__..__..__...._.____-___-_-__.___--_--- 15
Shale and graveK ?) _._..-._.___...______--___._.__._...--..- 10
Clay, sandy, and gravel..-------.---------------------------- 15
Clay, sandy, and shale(?)___-________-___---_--___--__------- 10
Gravel, coarse, and clay----.---------__--------------------- 47
Clay, sandy, and gravel.------------------------------------- 18
Clay and gravel..------------------------------------------- 51.5
7-44-24a
[Test hole drilled by Ben Hasz, 1953]
TopsoiK?).__--------__-.__----- - ----- --- --- 19

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---.--._----.-----.-------------------------- 25
Sand... .. ... -- - 12
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of brown sand ..---__.-------- 7
Sand, brown; contains streaks of gravel.----------------------- 24
Sand and gravel-___-__-_-_-_---_----_----------------------- 14
Clay, sandy; contains streaks of gravel _..._.---_----_--------- 27
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay _.-_--_--------------- 11
Sand and gravel--------------------------------------------- 1° 2
Clay; contains gravel...----_.---..---_---------------------- 9
Sand and gravel___---__---_--------------------------------- 57
Pier re shale:
Shale, yellow and blue...---__--_---.------------------------- 12
BASIC DATA 245
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-45-2ddc
[Test hole drilled in 1952]
Topsail--..........._._..._._............._.._....._..__-.. 8 8
Ogallala formation:
Gravel _._..._______._______..___._______.._...____.._____. 4 12
Clay, buff....__.__..__..___________..__.....__ 26 38
Clay, buff; contains layers of caliche._________________________ 15 53
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 7 60
Clay; contains thin layers of caliche .--.-.-_---.______---__--. 20 80
Gravel -----_---.___---------_.._--_-------_--__-___-__-_-- 6 ' 86
Clay; contains layers of caliche ______________________________ 8 94
Gravel ___.._____________________________ 4 98
Gravel, cemented, hard ----_---_--__-__------_,_-----_-_---- 2 100
Clay; contains layers of caliche ._______________________-_---- 51 151
Sand, fine,to fine gravel;contains some clay.-_-_____---_._---- 11 162
Clay; contains hard layers.____________________________________ 2 164
Clay and sandstone; contains hard layers and streaks of gravel _. 30 194
Sand, fine, sandstone, and hard clay ___________________________ 10 204
Clay, green_----_______--___---_____________________-__._. 23 227
7-46-21bcb

Clay, sandy_-__-__________----__________-__--___-__--__-_-- 55 55
Sand and gravel -__...__---_.--____________._______-_--_---- 90 145
Pierre shale:
Clay, gray--__-___-__------__------_---__--._.__-__-_-.---- 20 165
Clay, blue _____________________________________________... 15 180
7-46-22bdd

Gravel and sandstone-_-__--.__-____-______.-_-__.-__--___--. 165 165
Pierre shale:
Clay... -------_________-----_____________ 35 200
Shale, blue_________________________________ 10 210
7-46-25bbd
Ogallala formation and White River group,undifferentiated:

Clay._____________________________________ 35 35
Gravel ___.___--________-___-__-_._.____.--._----__---- 35 70
Clay; contains ledges of rock _-___-____-_-___-.__-__-____-__- 115 185
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._______________________________.__.......____ 5 190
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-46-29bbc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel...._________.__...._____.____.____.__________.._____ 175 175
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._______________________________________________ 15 190
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 5 195
7-46-29ccc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.......____.__.____.__.____._.._._____._..__.._.__._ 125 125
Gravel; contains streaks of clay -----_---_--------_---._-_---. 65 190
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ...______________________________________------ 5 195
7-46-29daa

Gravel.....---...,.---------..-_-----__.__....___..__.._._ 157 157
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow---_-_--.-_--__..-..___-..__.-__-.___---.___---_ 8 165
7-46-3lddd
Ogallala formation:
Clay and gravel--_--__----______.___-_-__-----------_-___-__ 120 120
Gravel_._-___._...__.____.___..__..___.._.___._.__..______. 45 165
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow, and gravel_____________________________________ 15 180
7-46-33aaa

Clay; contains streaks of gravel ______________________________ 68 68
Gravel.. ___________________________________________________ 57 125
Pierre shale:
Clay. _______tf ___________________________-.-._____ 20 145
Shale ..._._.--......._______________________------__--_. 15 160
7-46-33dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and gravel....-_-_________-______--_-__-_-__-_-____-__- 120 120
' Gravel.. ___________________________________________________ 45 165
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.-..---..._--__._....__.__-..__-_-..--_-..-__-._ 17 182
Shale, blue _______________________----__--_-.--.---__-.-._ 13 195
BASIC DATA 247
Table 28. Drillers' Jofls of test holes, seismoflroph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-46-33ddd

Gravel ______________________________________________ 45 45
Gravel; contains streaks of clay ______________________ 110 155
Pierre shale:
17 172
Shale 180
7-46-35aac

Gravel; contains streaks of clay ______________________________ 60 60
Gravel..___________________________________________________ 120 180
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow____....-_------------------_---_----__----------- 10 190
Shale, blue..________.._____._____.__________ 5 195
7-47-5
[Test hole]
Loam, black________________________________________________ 1.5 1.5

Ogallala formation:
Caliche. __.____-_._________________._____ _._ 70.5 72
Sand..-......_._____-----_--------__--_--_----__---_------- 100 172
Rock, hard ..._--_--__-----_-_----_-----.-____---._-------- 6 178
Clay, red _____._________._________-_-____ _ 12 190
Pierre shale:
.Shale, yellow (water-bearing)-..------.-----.-------.--------- 100 290
Shale, blue ___________________.._________-- 116 406
Mud, black _____-----_______-__..__----- - 70 476
Clay, flaky...___.________-----_______----- - 74 550
8-43-4ccc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy...___.__.-.-..__...___..__ ----- - 30 30
Sand and gravel___-___-_--------_---------_----------------- 130 160
Caliche _______________-___ .-__--- - --- 85 245
Sand; contains streaks of clay _____--________------_---------- 48 293
Bentonite _.____._________.______--- 39 332
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ------____-- --__ 43 375
8-43-l7ccb
Soil __________.___--_----__- ------_---------- ---- 10 IP

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-..--.--------------------------------------- 70
Caliche, hard_------------------------------ T --------------- 10 90
Clay; contains streaks of clay.--------.---------------------- 150 240
Bentonite _______ -- - -- - - 15 255
Thickness
(feet)
8-43-18abd
[Well drilled 1951. Surface altitude, 3,690.8 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--..-...----__--__--___-___-------_-----_---- 40
Sand and clay__-__._.__._-.__.....____________--___--------_ 10
Clay, red _--_----_--____..__________._.____.._.._--__--.._ 20
Clay and caliche _____________________________________________ 15
Sand, red, and rock; contains thin strips of clay .--_-_---------_ 10
Gravel; contains thin strips of clay.___________________________ 5
Gravel; coarse _____________________________________________ 10
Clay; contains strips of gravel _______________________________ 30
Gravel, coarse______________________________________________ 10
Caliche _---____._____________.___________________--_-_---_- 7
Gravel, coarse._____________________________________________ 8
Caliche ____________________________________________________ 8
Gravel, coarse.__-______--._____________-_____-_-_--_------_ 3
Caliche-----_---__-____---__-__-_--_---_---_----------_---- 6
Gravel; contains thin strips of caliche.-----------.------------ 15
Sandstone, hard_.._______-__._-___.___---_____-_------_----. 3
Gravel and soft shale-...-._____ _____________________-_----- 8
Clay, red __________________________________________________ 7
Caliche, hard, red _--___-_____-________-___-____-_---------_ 5
Sandstone, soft, brown_-_-_--__-______-__-__--___--------_-_- 4
Gravel, coarse ____-___.-__-_-___-_-____---_---__.--_------- 2
Sandstone, brown _______-______-____.___-__-__-_---_--_----- 14
Clay; contains thin strips of caliche_______.__-____-_---------_ 20
Clay, green ____________ _____________________-___-----_--- 10
Sandstone, hard_________--_-__________-__-___--------_----_- 10
Sandstone; contains thin strips of gravel_____________---------- 10
Gravel, coarse ___________________________-_____-----------_ 10
Gumbo, black.___________--_-_____-----__-_____-----__---___ 5
Gravel, coarse, cemented-__-_____--___________-------------- 10
Pierre shale:
Shale ----------.-.--.__------__-------------------------- ___5_
8-43-19cba
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains ledges of caliche ___________________----------- 135
Gravel.________-_______---___---_---_---------------------_ 55
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow____-__-_--_-_--_-----_--------------------_---- 62
Shale, blue .____________-__ - -- --- 3
8-43-20ccd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and clay; contains streaks of caliche.------------- 210
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.----_--------_--------------------------------- 30
Shale, blue ____..______ ---- - - 15
BASIC DATA 249
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-43-29daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-------_---------------_--_-_---_.--__------ 80 80
Clay, sandy, and gravel..--.-....__-_--_________________--__- 70 150
Sand and gravel......------- --____--_----____---_-__-.-___ 95 245
Pierre shale:
Clay......__...____..._..__.....__........_........_ 10 255
Shale .....___..._..._..._.....___...._..._...___._..__... 5 260
8-43-29dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche-_-_--__-----_--------------_--.---_-_------ 120 120
Sand and gravel._______------_-_-_-_---_---___-___-_---_-_-. 97 217
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-_----_-_--------------------------------_-_---- 23 240
Shale, blue _____________________________--. 15 255
8-43-30abc
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains streaks of gravel--_-_---_-___---__-----_-_---- 145 145
Gravel..-.__..____--.--.-_--___----.-._..-___-----__.__ 80 225
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-----_---_----_---------------_----_----------_- 3 228
Shale, blue _-.-.--_-_----_----_-------__..--_-_-__--__----- 27 255
8-43-30cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains ledges of caliche._.____---------.-_-_----_----- 145 145
Gravel.--._..-.-_.-__------__--.._-_-_--_----__-------.--- 45 190
Conglomerate._.__.___-____--_-_--_-_-_---__-_-__----__----- 5 195
Gravel.......__..___--_-_.-..-_.-------_. ___-_- ... 5 200
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_--__-----_-----_------------------------------- 5 205
Shale, blue ____________________...__..-. 50 255
8-43-30ddd
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains ledges of caliche.------------.-...------------- 120 120
Gravel___..________-__--__-_-__-_------------__------------ 67 187
Conglomerate ______________________________________________ 3 190
Gravel..___________________..-.___ 29 219
Conglomerate .____________________-______________--_------- 3 222
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow___-___-__--_--_------------------------------ 230
Shale, blue __..__.._______----- ----- - 25 255
655012 O - 63 - 17
Thickness
(feet)
8-43-31ddd
Ogallala formation:
Clay _ __ _________ 10
Gravel..-----____________..-____.___._____.___..__--_..__.. 227
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-------_-.__._._--_____-_-_--___-_-.-,.__--__--- 11
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 7
8-43-32ddc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche; contains streaks of sand ..--__-________-.-___ 135
Gravel-_.-________-________._____.__._.-____--_______-__._- 102
Conglomerate-.-..- _______________-__-----__.-__-----__-- 4
Gravel..-------------_--__-____-___----_------_-__--------- 9
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-------- -_-_____-._..__-__----__ -_____. _._ 5
8-44-4cbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..-. -----_...__._.__.____..._--------- 100
Clay, sandy.____-_.._-_._________._.-._-___-_-_-___-__-_____ 40
Gravel....__-._-_.._._.._-___-__-._..._......_-_.....-___-- 50
Clay, sandy_________ -_____________.____-____-.-__-__- ___ 58
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow------.---...............--._--_--_--_--------_- 34
Shale, blue ____________________________________ 18
8-44-4daa
Soil _________ _______ ________ ________ ________ 10

Ogallala formation:
Gravel.---------------.__.-.--.-..-__-----_-----__------_-- 80
Clay and caliche; contains streaks of sand _____________________ 90
Sand and gravel..... -.__..___.._....-.-__-_.---__-_-___-._ 60
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._._---____.-.._-______________________________ 15
8-44-4dbc

Ogallala formation:
Gravel.---__-------------____..__----- -- .-. --- 65
Clay and caliche....--___________________--__-_--_--_----_-_ 115
Sand and gravel----.--...._._._._.-___-_--------_----------- 70
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.--__----_-..._........._-------------_--------- 5
BASIC DATA 251
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoaraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-44-7bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of caliche- 250 250
Pier re sha.le:
Clay, yellow_---.-_---_-_-----__-._______ 5 255
8-44-8bcc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel--.--.----.....__...... 120 120
Clay; contains ledges of caliche.. 45 165
Sand.......................... 80 245
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow. 10 255
8-44-9bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay .---..__-.----------_. 150 150
Conglomerate.-_-._....................._.-.__-----------_-- 17 167
Sand and gravel.._____________-___________.___-------_.-___- 78 245
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow...___.__________________..______ 10 255
8-44-llbbb
Topsoil-_---.-----.---._..-------------...---------.------- 4 4
Ogallala formation:
Clay---.-.__..___.__..__-..----------.__ ....-- 14 18
Gravel..___...__..__.. -- -- 22 40
Clay..___________________________ 6 46
Gravel__________________________--- - 14 60
Clay..__________________------- - 4 64
Gravel_________________________--- - 4 68
Clay.____-.__..------_.-.---------___.--.__.____-- 15.5 83.5
Clay, hard ________________.. - .5 84
Clay, caliche, and gravel; firm ______-__-._____--_------------ 90 174
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel-_--------.-.--------------- 116 290
Sandstone._________________________ 10 300
8-44-13bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche ....--...__...-.----_ - ---- - 45 45
Gravel " --- 15 60
Clay; contains ledges of caliche.____-_--_.---------_---------- 70 130
Gravel.-..------.....----.---..-.-------------------------- 95 225
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow...----------__-- . -- ----- --- 30 255
'Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
8-44-14ccb
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche _____________________________________________ 18
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 217
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.________________________________________________ 20
8-44-17daa
Ogallala formation:
Clay._____________________________________... 35
Gravel-____--.._-_________-____-______________-------___-_-_ 35
Clay.______________________________________ 90
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 75
Pierre shale:
Clay._____________________________.__... 65
8-44-18cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 70
Clay and caliche__-_-_--_--__--_----__--_-------------------- 90
Sand and gravel ___-_____-___-___-_______-_----___-----_----_ 60
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_.___________-_-_______._______-_----_-_-_-__---. 35
8-44-21aad
Soil.____________________________-. ------ 10
Ogallala formation:
Gravel --------_--_-----------_---_---------_- -.--_-_.--- 50
Clay._______.______________.____._________- 40
Gravel ----_--__-_____--_-_-__-_--____-__--__-_--_---.-----_ 55
Conglomerate-___-________._________________--_----__-----._ 7
Gravel _---__-____________________________-__--_---_---_---- 16
Conglomerate _______________________________________________ 2
Gravel --------__--__--__---_---__--___--_-_-----__-_----_-- 55
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_-_____________________________-_--------__--_-. 20
8-44-2Ibdc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel ____--_-__--___-_-_--__--------------- 120
Sand and gravel ________-___-__----____--_---_---_----_--__-- 60
Clay and sandstone._-_--__--__--_----______---__--_----__---- 90
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.________________________________________________ 35
Shale..__-.__________________-- -- --- 45
BASIC DATA 253
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-44-22add
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains streaks of sand__-______------___--_-______-_-. 115 115
Gravel.-----.-----------....-..-----........----.....-...-. 80 195
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.......------.....__..._........_..._........... 55 250
Shale, blue .___.....__.__._.....,__.....__.....___. 5 255
8-44-22cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel..____________________________________ 130 130
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 55 185
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..........................______________________ 55 240
Shale ______________________________________________________ 10 250
8-44-22ddd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel___________-___-_______-__-______-___- 100 100
Clay......_____-.--._____---.____.__-----__... 70 170
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..__________________________...____________ 55 225
Shale, blue ...__________________________ .... .... 25 250
8-44-23cda
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel.__.____.--...__. --.. ... 120 120
Sand and gravel---.--.-----.-------------.------------------ 40 160
Lime _.___--__._-_-_--______----------_----------_-.__----- 5 165
Sandstone ____...._.-_-_-..-._-------------._--------.------ 30 195
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_______.._____.__.____.. -. - 45 240
Shale.....______.-____________--____--_____- 10 250
8-44-24dab
Soil --.___________________---_____--- -_- 8 8

Ogallala formation:
Gravel. _________________-----__--.___------ . 52 60
Clay...__-.----.__-__.-__-----________--------.- 20 80
Conglomerate.______--__-_-_-___------____-__--_---__------- 7 87
Gravel. ___________________________________________________ 125 212
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.-.-...____.--.____--____ --- 38 250
Shale, blue -____-__-_-.--------------------------_---------- 5 255
Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
8-44-25abb
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains streaks of sand.....____._.__.._..._.__._______ 170
Conglomerate.----_--__-_-_-___...._......-........-..._..__ 12
Gravel--------_----_--___-____..___..___._._.___.___.... -_ 28
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.....__..----------_________________.___-_..__._ 35
Shale, blue _________________________________________________ 10
8-44-25bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche ----------_.--__________-_---------_---_---- 20
Gravel-.-----------.----------_________-_------------------ 50
Clay; contains streaks of sand.....................__---___-__ 145
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-_------_-------_--_-__---___-_--------___._-__ 25
Shale, blue __ ___ ____ ___ ._______ _____1________ 15
8-44-25cdd
Soil ___-__________________________-.-. - 3
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains streaks of sand.....________._._-.----_-------- 77
Gravel............-.-_.-.-.-__....-..._-----------------.-_ 110
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow...---__-_---._----.-.__.-__--.-----_---------.- 35
Shale, blue _________________________.. 30
8-44-26bdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay____ .- .. -------___.. 20
Gravel..__--------------- -----__._-----.--.-- ------ 25
Clay; contains streaks of sand._.____.______.__-__--_-__---__- 90
Gravel____-______-_-_____-_____________--____---_---_------ 65
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..-..-_------.------_----_--------_------------- 25
Shale, blue ________ ____________________ 30
8-44-26ccc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche ___---_-_--_-_-_____--__--_-----_----------- 30
Gravel____-__-__--____--__-_______-__-___---_-------------- 35
Clay____-------- .-- 65
Gravel.---------------------------------------------------- 95
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.----------------------------------------------- 20
Shale, blue ________-. __ 10
BASIC DATA 255
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-44-27dbc
Ogallala formation:
125 125
Gravel........ __..___._.___.. ._ _ ......._.......__._ _ .... 85 210
Pierre shale:
30 240
Shale, blue.. __ ...... __ -...--.._..... __ ..... __ .. __ .... 15 255
8-44-28acc
Ogallala formation:
Clay... ......................_.............................. 8 8
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 62 70
Caliche.... _--__-____--------_---_-__---__________-._----___ 20 90
125 215
Pierre shale:
40 255
8-44-28cbb
Ogallala formation:
28 28
34 62
33 95
105 200
38 238
Pierre shale:
62 300
8-44-29aab
Ogallala formation:
100 100
55 155
Conglomerate. -____-_----__---_--__________________. _ ------ 5 160
9<i 1 on
Sandstone, glauconitic _--------_--_-_--___-__--_____--------__ 20 210
Pierre shale:
45 255
8-44-29dcd
Ogallala formation:
Clay... ------___-__-----_-_---________-_--.--_--_-______--_- 10 10
70 80
55 135
55 190
Pierre shale:
65 255
Thickness
(feet)
8-44-31dcc
Soil. ...........__..-......._........__...........__-.-. 12
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche.____________________________________________ 58
Gravel________.....___._____._.__....._..._.___.._______.._ 120
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow __._____._._.__..._._____.____.._.__._...___.._. 60
Shale, blue------------.--.--.-.---.-.-----.--.--..--.-.-.-.- 55
8-44-32cbb
Soil______._______________.______________ 6
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___-___-_._____________.____-_-_-----_-___-__ 144
Conglomerate _______________________________________________ 3
Gravel ___________________________--__--_-------_-_---.---- 17
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow________________________________________________ 60
Shale, gray-_---_---__._____.._.____________________________ 25
8-44-32dad
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche; contains streaks of gravel____________________ 140
Gravel._____--___--_________________-____ -----_--------_- 80
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow______-____________________________--_____-_____ 25
Shale, blue--.-----.___._--__--.___------_----_-------_----- 10
8-44-32dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay _______________________________________________________ 12
Gravel----__--_____--_-_____________-_--------_---_----_--- 58
Clay; contains ledges of caliche.__--.---__------__------------ 45
Gravel..----_---__.--_.--.----..------__----------_-------- 105
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow ________________________________________________ 10
Shale, blue._---._._---._-.____.__.._-_-----_---_-_--_-----.- 25
8-44-33cdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel----------..__----------___-.----.-.-_------------- 190
Clay...__.__-.___._____.___----.__---- 40
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow -----_-_-_--_--_-----_-------_--------------_--- 30
Shale, blue.______________________- - -- - 40
BASIC DATA 257
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-44-34abc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel______________________________________ 110 110
Sand and gravel_----------_---___-----__-_-_----_----_---__- 90 200
Clay and gravel__-_------__---_..__-----_-------------------- 25 225
Pierre shale:
Clay__..__________________________________ 22 247
Shale ___________________________..____- 3 250
8-44-34bbc
[Surface altitude, 3,725ft]
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel..--.----__-.--_-__--._--_-_---_------ 120 120
Sand and gravel---__--__-----------_----_--_---------------- 75 195
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________________________- 40 235
Shale _________________________________-------- 15 250
8-44-35aaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay...-__.-._....__..-._---_-_--------------------------- 15 15
Gravel____________-------------- 25 40
Clay; contains streaks of sand__-_--__-_.__--------__----.---- 85 125
Gravel..---.-----.-------.----------------------------.---- 65 190
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.--------------_---_--.----.-------------------- 35 225
Shale, blue.__..___________________-.-.-__--. 30 255
8-44-35dda
Ogallala formation:
Clay._________-----___________________--- 18 18
Gravel..______.i...______________------ 62 80
Clay and caliche -__..____________.----.--__ 60 140
Gravel._.._._.-___-_-_--._----._------._------------------- 105 245
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_____--_----------__---_-_--_---_------_------- 10 255
8-45-5cbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy...__.._____---__-._-.--.--.-_.---.---------- 10 10
Sand and gravel____________...___---- 220 230
Sandstone ________________-__----- - 10 240
Clay------__.--.-_-__.-__-----____-..---------_------ 60 300
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph sho tholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness
(feet)
8-45-12dda
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains streaks of clay and caliche.__.__.--.-- 240
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_--_---.--____..__._____-________________________ 15
8-45-13bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche; contains streaks of sand_____________________ 248
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow__-_-__-_.._-_______________________________---_- 7
8-45-13daa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy._________________________________________________ 10
Gravel....___.-.-_-.__._..__.__._.____.._..__.._____. 110
Clay..__________________________________ 80
Gravel.. _.-....--_--..._.._..__._.....___........__...._._. 40
Pierre shale:
Clay. ___........___________._-... 30
Shale, blue __._..___ ..........................^.......... 30
8-45-15bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay-.--.. -. ---.......__...._____...__________ 8
Gravel-----_._-----------.._.__._...-..._._._....__.__---.. 82
Clay _. -.-._______________________. 40
Gravel..............-._-_-.._.---_..._._..___.._.-.__--___- 138
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 15
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.._.__-___-_._..__._..._....__.._.._.__._._.__.. 22
Shale, blue ...__-_-_--._____..____..______..._..__..__... 95
8-45-18bcc

Clay, sandy.___-______-______.._______-_-_____._.______..___ 4
Gravel.._-_.._..._...__-.-_......__-._.--_--.-.___..___ 126
Clay-...__________________________________ 39
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 51
Clay __________________..__ .. 60
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..._.______._._._._..__...__......_____...._._._ 20
BASIC DATA 259
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-45-27cbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.____________________________________________________ 195 195
Sandstone -----__-_---__-----_________-__________._________. 70 265
Pierre shale:
Clay.---_______-______.___.___.....__..__.............. 35 300
8-45-30add

Clay, sandy....................___._--_..._._.-....._...___. 5 5
Gravel.._..-..-...._-........_-._---......--..--......-.-.. 215 220
Clay..............__.__.........._-.......-.....____.. 40 260
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue._______________.______________.. 40 300
8-45-33dcc

Clay, sandy.--.----------.----------.--.-------------------- 12 12
Clay___-------______.-__.---____...__...___ - 38 50
Gravel.---------------_-----_----------.------------_------ 140 190
Clay____________________________________ 30 220
Gravel--.-.....-.-........---------_----------_---_.------- 80 300
8-45-36dcc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel-._._.-_--_-.____-_-,-------------------------------- 55 55
Clay, sandy...------.----.--....-------..------------------. 185 240
Pierre shale:
Clay...._____...____..--.__-.--....- .... 60 300
8-46-19daa

Gravel..-.-..-.---.-.....--j.__.-_..----_-----.-_.--------. 70 70
Clay__..____________________________________ 50 120
Gravel-.____..__..__--____..__--------------__---- 80 200
Clay.-.______.____..-_______-____------ 50 250
260 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASEST.
Thickness
(feet)
8-46-29cdd

Clay, sandy___._____.___.___..__.._._._____.________._____ 10
Gravel.-___.__-_____..______.__.____..__._------__----- 70
Clay--_-----.-_-..___..__..__......_.__....___....___... 110
Grave1.-_._._.__.__._____._._.._____.__..___.____________ 20
Clay...____..______.___..__...__._______.... 40
8-47-7bcc

Gravel..-........._._.._............_..._..._...._...._... 58
Clay, sandy................................................ 162
Pierre(?) shale:
Clay, sticky ...--_...--._.....__....___._.................. 30
8-47-21ccc
[Municipal well at Haxtun, dug by Kelly Well Co. Inc., 1921]

Sand, coarse, and gravel; slightly cemented ------_--_----__-. 150
Sand, coarse, and gravel..----_---_---____---------.-_------ 3
Clay, hard, and gravel....__________________________________ 14
Sand, fine _________________________________________________ 4
Gravel, cemented __-_____._.._.___..__.__...__..._..__...__ 1
Sand,loose, and cobbles -_----__-___________-____-____.-____ 3
Sand, fine .______...______.._.____.__._____.___.___.__.__._ 4
Gravel, medium. ----__-_-___---_.____-_._-_---_-_--_--_-_-_ 10
Gravel, cemented __________________________________________ 2
Sand, coarse _____....___._____.______.______.._______.__.. 11.5
Clay, hard, and rocks.______________________________________ 3.5
Clay, hard ._..__.._...__________._...__..______.___..____. 27
8-47-25dcc

Gravel; contains streaks of sandy clay.---._.__-_-_.---.---___ 152
Clay._________._____.__________________.. 98
9-43-22caa
Soil --..-.__________...._______....._______. 15
Gravel..--_.....-....-..._.._......__......_..-.......--.. 115
Clay; contains streaks of sand-----..-----------------------. 245
Bentonite...----_--._----...---.._.------_--.--.--_----.-._ 22
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue...........__....._.......__................... 18
BASIC DATA 261
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-43-27ddc

Ogallala formation:
Sand; contains streaks of clay._______________________________ 280 280
Clay, yellow________________________________________________ 25 305
9-43-31ccc
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche ____________________________________________ 25 25
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 65 90
Caliche-_--__---___-._____________________.-____-___--._ 45 135
Clay; contains streaks of sand _______________________________ 95 230
Clay, yellow____-_-__--____-__._____________________________ 25 255
9-44-36dbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay._____________________________________ 9 9
Sand and gravel -_________--___--___--_________.____-.___--_ 151 160
Sandstone _--______----____-___--_-____--_________-_-.___-__ 35 195
Clay, yellow___--___--__-_--_-__-_----__-__-__---___-__.---_ 60 255
10-42-6cdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel ___...___.______..._______________-_. 130 130
Clay.__-.________________________.___-.-___.__ 60 190
Gravel ________..___.____..-____________________ 70 260
Clay.--_._______________--_--_--__---_---.___.___ 40 300
10-42-19cdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel _---.-_-.________________________________ _ 48 48
Clay, sandy___-_------_---__-------------------_----------_ 104 152
Gravel _____________--_____-_-.____.___________ 86 238
Clay...._________________.________---____.-__-- . 62 300
10-42-31baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy.._____________________._____.-____ 18 18
Gravel _______-----__--____---____-__------- 24 42
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shothoies. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-42-31baa Continued

Clay, sandy..______________________________________________ 140 182
Gravel._____________...___....______________ 77 259
Clay, sandy________________________________________________ 41 300
10-43-2daa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.........__...--..._._.....__......__.....__..... 120 120
Clay, sandy....___..._._.._..___......._.....,..___....._.. 70 190
Gravel_---__-__----___-_____-___..________-__-__---_._--_. 65 255
Sand, cemented _-_-_.._.____..___.._.._..___.._.-_--..._-_. 10 265
Sand and gravel.-.----_.-....-_......-_...-_---_.___-_._--- 40 305
10-43-4daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.--.-..---.._.-.....---...__-_-_._-___-._-_. 70 70
Clay and gravel; sandy.__-___ __-_________-__-___--_____-._ 60 130
Clay__________________..__________________ 80 210
Clay and gravel._---..-__._..-..._..__....--.__.._--.__--__ 90 300
10-43-6add
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 65 65
Clay and gravel; sandy-----.---.--.-.--....-----.---.------. 95 160
Clay. _-------_.---___.______._...__---.-.:---____..__ 115 275
Sand and gravel-_--____-______________-___--_________._---_ 25 300
10-43-13bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay..__................___......__........___..... 25 25
Gravel-___---___-________________________-__--__-_--____-_ 45 70
Clay._..______________________________ 125 195
Gravel...-_........._..............._.............-...__-. 45 240
Clay----_-----.--_-_..---.-..-.__.---.._--..--_----- 60 300
10-43-16daa

Clay, sandy._______________________________________________ 5 5
Clay...... ______............___.-.-..-._.---.....-. 25 30
Gravel.__--..._..............._.............___..__-.-.. 110 140
Clay..._----.--...._.._.--..---..-.-_.__---.. 140 280
Gravel..........__..............._____-.--.-.. . 80 360
Clay...__---.--.-.--..__......_.----._.__ 40 400
BASIC DATA 263
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-43-17cbb
Ogallala formation:
35 35
Gravel........ _ .-...._-..............._........_.._....._ 125 160
Clay....................................................... 100 260
20 280
Clay _-__.-___-____-_-._-_____-____-_-.__--_-_-_ 20 300
10-43-25cbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay... ______ ______ ___ ______ ______ __________ 90 90
150 240
Clay __ ____ ___ ________ ______________ __ ______ 60 300
10-43-27bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay....................................................... 25 25
37 62
Clay......--.......-...-..--...-.-.......-..--...-..-...... 148 210
30 240
Clay..-.-.-............-.-..--.---........-..-----...-..-. 60 300
10-43-30add
Ogallala formation:
125 125-
Clay----.. ..._.-...-...-....----.-.-.-............---.--.-- 70 195
Gravel ___ __ _ _ _ ___ . _ _ - -_._ 40 235
Clay ........................... ........._..........._...... 65 300
10-43-32dcd
Ogallala formation:
25 25
65 90
Clay............... .................................. ...... 70 160
25 185
3 188
Clay. .............. ....... ................................ . 32 220
50 270
Clay...................................................... 30 300
______Table 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismoaraph shotholes, and wells Continued ______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-43-34dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay.________.________..________________... 45 45
Clay, sandy, and gravel._____-._.__.__________________-_--__- 45 90
Clay...---.-----__----------__-.__.-.-.-__------------- 210 300
10-44-2bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay.__------------------------_--.__--_---._-.__------- 55 55
Gravel..------------_----.---..-..-.-_---_---__-.---------- 75 130
Clay_____________-.____________________ 90 220
Gravel.-----------------_---_--------_---_------.--_------- 40 260
Clay.__.-_____________-.____-----__-__------- 40 300
10-44-12cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand....---_--------.---__.__----_---_---------..--------- 38 38
Clay__-. -.--____._____.___.____.--__---- -- 44 82
Gravel..___-__.__-----_____.._____________-- 108 190
Clay.__.._____________...___.________. 35 225
Sandstone, hard...._________________________________________ 10 235
10-44-15baa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..--.-.----------_--_-----------_------------.------- 85 85
Clay._____.-__.--._______..____- 85 170
Gravel...._____..__________---- - 60 230
Clay._________-.________________.... - 70 300
10-44-24cdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel____------------------- . ----- 165 165
Clay.__..____--__--__--_________ -- - 135 300
10-44-27baa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel___._________.______._____________--_---_------------ 25 25
Clay._________------------- -- ----- 35 60
Gravel_________________.______________----_---_------------ 35 95
Clay-...------------------------------------- ----------- 205 300
BASIC DATA 265
Table 28. Drillers' togs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-44-34daa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__-_--_----_------_------------_----------.- 42 42
Clay, sandy.._-___.___---__---_---_-----.-_---_----_-.__.. 123 165
Clay--_--_-----_----------------------------_--------__-. 135 300
10-44-3Scad
Soil.... ---___.._._...-----__----_-_____-___________.____ 12 12
Ogallala formation:
Gravel______....___.___-----_-_.-____________.__.__._..._ 21 33
Clay.........._......---.._.-..............._.._..__..... 15 48
Gravel.__......._._.-.---.._........._...._._.....__..__ 47.5 95.5
Cobbles------.--_-.--------------.-_-.-.-.---_--_.__..... .5 96
Gravel, cemented _________________________________________ 37 133
Gravel, loose.__-.-_.--_-.--..------__-_-.-.__......._..._. 6 139
Sand; contains strips of caliche .-._........__..__.__.___._.._ 14 153
Gravel; contains strips of caliche ________......__._...___..__ 30 183
Clay __..._...._...__.--..___.__._..........___...__.. 15 198
Gravel; contains strips of caliche ..-.__...............__._._. 2 200
Caliche........................__...._.._.......___..._.... 2 202
Gravel, coarse,loose..----------.--.-.--_-_____.________.__ 16 218
Clay...__..______________________________ 4 222
Gravel, coarse, fairly loose _________________________________ 21 243
Gravel, coarse, red, black, and white.____...._._..___.._._._. 22 265
Gravel; contains strips of caliche ____________________________ 8 273
Gravel; interbedded with caliche ...._....__._._..__-..--_._._ 15 288
Gravel, loose_-------_--------------.-_--_------.--.-.-_--. 15 303
Gravel, loose; contains some clay....._______________________ 28 331
Clay, hard......__.._.--__..............____......___.. 17 348
10-44-35db
[Test hole drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman, 1949]
Soil----....--.-.---.-----------------------.----------.--- 12 12
Gravel-----.--------.---------------------------------__- 28 40
Clay...__...____________.__------__--._____ 15 55
Gravel-------.--..__-....________________________---.-. 34 89
Cobbles.__------__-----__-----__-.____--- _..- 3 92
Rock.__.__._.__...____---.------__-----_---.--___--------- 1 93
Clay____-----______-.______-.______-_______- 22 115
Clay, very hard....__------------------__---------------- 5 120
Caliche ..-...-...--_.-------------_.----_-_-----.--------- 13 133
Gravel, cemented ._____-_-___________-____-_______-___._.._ 17 150
Clay, pink....__.__.._____________.._______ 17 167
Clay, hard, in strips..--------------.----------------_------ 30 197
Clay, sandy, firm ..__------- ---_.---.- . . 30 227
Clay, sandy, medium firm...----.--_--------_--_---------_-- 24 251
Clay...__.______._____.__.-__-__..______- 6 257
Gravel, coarse, and medium-firm clay-.-.--------.----------- 15 272
Clay...__.___-.__.____-.__ ........................ 15 287
Gravel, coarse; contains medium-firm clay __..____-.--_-___-- 36 323
655012 O - 63 - 18
_____Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10 -44 -3 5db Continued
Ogallala formation and White River group, undifferentiated Con

tinued
7 330
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel... _----_----_----_---_--_--.-- 17 347
Gravel, coarse; contains medium-firm clay ____________________ 30 377
Sand, cemented _____________________________________________ 30 407
10-44-36bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay _-------_-. _ --. _ _ .__..._________-__._ _ _________ 20 20
Gravel.... .---._.__________________ __ ._______---.-. 25 45
Clay. ______ ______ __ ...... __ ___ . __ 125 170
Gravel -------.-------__....._..........___.__.._.__________ 50 220
Clay _ _________ ... _________________ 80 300
10-45-llbbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand _____ ___________ _____________________ ____ 240 240
Clay ______ -._ ___ ___ __ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ 30 270
Sand _____________ __ ......._______-_-_------._ ___ ._----. 30 300
10-45-14ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 120 120
Clay ___ __ ______ __ ...... _____ ____ 45 165
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 110 275
Clay... __________ ______ __ _. __________ _________ 25 300
10-45-27ddd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel --__-_-----.__-_________________--__-__-___________-_ 45 45
Clay, sandy-_-_-__. --.-_..._._.__......_-_---......_____..__ 175 220
Clay... -----_. ___ ______ ___ __ __ ____ ____ 80 300
10-45-35ccc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 90 90
Clay, sandy. -.-_--_-_-_..__.________...___-__-_.__.......__- 30 120
Sand ...--_.-- 210
Gravel, sandy _ 300
BASIC DATA 267
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-45-36add
Ogallala formation:
Gravel . ............._________.___ 121 121
Clay, sandy, and gravel_____________________________________ 138 259
Clay, sandy--.-.-.--..---_....._......_........_...__...... 41 300
10-46-20ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand.-._..._.__..__----......__.....__-...--__....... 15 15
Gravel, heavy-_________-_--___..____________.__-__..______. 145 160
Clay-........_....._...._...--_--..-._..__._._.....-.__-._ 80 240
Gravel___.__-_..._._..____._...___._.____._..__..___.__._. 40 280
Clay.-_----.....---..-.-._,.._._-......._.....-.------..-- 20 300
10-46-30bbb
Dune sand:
Sand..-....--................._..-----_..-_---._---_------ 10 10
Ogallala formation:
Gravel._______..______.....___._..______.___.__.__________ 90 100
Clay.......-...-._..._......--_-__...__..._.-....__..__ 80 180
Gravel-_---___.____--_---_-_______________________________ 60 240
Clay............_........_...__.....__..____.......__ 60 300
10-46-31ccc

Gravel.._______________..______.....______.. 72 72
Clay.....__-._............__.....__.-_.-----..........-. 108 180
Sand and clay._-_._------_--_.._.__________._.-____-------- 60 240
Clay; contains streaks of gravel__-_-___-_-__---_____________ 60 300
10-46-32ddd

Sand......._......-...._...__.._....___....._..._..__..... 15 15
Clay.. __...________._________ 65 80
Gravel....-_----..__-__-.-......._________...-_._.___ 50 130
Clay. _______________________ 110 240
Gravel--__------.__------._...-...._-.-_--.__.....-._-_--- 20 260
Clay....-....._..._..__.__......__..............__.... 40 300
10-47-4dcb
Dune sand:
Sand_______.._.._._...._.._--.-..-.______._______..__._...
_____Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells -Continued
Thickness
(feet)
10 -47 -4dcb Continued
Ogallala formation:
Clay_________.._..._..._......._...____.-__.--_ 212
Clay, yellow.....__________________________________________ 30
10-47-5add
Dune sand:
Sand.__.__.__..____.._____.____.___.____..___..___._._._._ 30
Ogallala formation:
Clay..............................__...........__........ 175
Clay, yellow_-_____-_____________________._-_--_-_____-_-._ 45
10-47-9aaa
Dune sand:
Sand..______._.._____..____.._.._.__._.______...___.__.___ 20
Ogallala formation:
Clay.__.______________.._____________.... 260
Bentonite.-..._......__.......__...______________-__.._..__ 20
10-47-17bcc
Dune sand:
Sand----------.-------_----_--.........---------.-.-_---.- 100
Ogallala formation:
Gravel-___________________________________________________ 35
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 165
Clay, green --_----___-____-___.______________-__-_______-. 45
Pierre(?) shale:
Clay, yellow..___..___...___..._.____._.____..__...__..__._ 20
10-47-20bdc
Dune sand:
Sand.. -----__.----......-............-.....-.-__----- 18
Ogallala formation:
Clay. -. __.__________.,________.-____ 72
Sand and gravel.......__.___.___.___._._____.___.__.._.._._ 60
Clay..... .................__.......-.. .-...-__..... 170
Clay, sandy, green --_------__---____-._.___-__---_-__.___-_ 45
10-47-30aaa

Sand and gravel-._-_--_-_-___--____._________-----_______-- 80
Clay, sandy.....__._..........__..._________..________._... 80
Clay__..._____._____________.....__.....___ 165
Shale, green._..___..________._.__._._.______.._______._.._ 25
BASIC DATA 269
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-47-30bbb

Gravel ___________________________________________________ 90 90
Clay, sandy _____.__._._._.._.__.._....___..__..._._.__.... 210 300
Shale...............__--____------____.___--________-__._ 50 350
10-47-31bbb _____________

Sand and gravel _-_____.-____-___.--.._.__--_....___._-._.. 80 80
Clay. ..... ............___....__.......__....... 70 150
Sand and sandstone..---.---_............................... 120 270
Clay.................................__..---.....--.-.... 90 360
Shale, green __._-.___-__-__..______..___._._._.__..._.__._ 20 380
11-42-7bbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel ___________________________________...__------_.-. 45 45
Clay.-..........._._..__................._..........__... 115 160
Gravel ...._....._...__._..__..__-._...._.._._.__..__.. 80 240
Clay.---..--..-.-_.............._................._....... 60 300
ll-42-18baa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel -_---_----______________.____._______________._____ 65 65
Clay.---......._.............-...................___._.... 65 130
Gravel .........__-_---.-....-----........--....._-.__.. 140 270
Clay............__-------.....-_--.__....-.....__.._.... 30 300
ll-42-31baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay....__..____....._________________.__ 15 15
Gravel .---------_-_------.-._._--...._...-.-._._.----._._ 60 75
Clay_-..._..._____________________________________________ 55 130
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 115 245
Clay....__..__-..-_.----...__--_-.......--.___.-_-...-. 55 300
ll-42-31cdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 45 45
Clay..___________________________________.. 45 90
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 83 173
Clay._________________________________.____ 101 274
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 26 300
_____Table 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-43-8ccb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel-_._.-___._.._____________.._.__.___________-_______ 100 100
Shale and gravel(?)________________.,-__-_--_-__---___--_.-__ 105 205
ll-43-12cc
Ogallala formation:
Clay.......__.__________......_____.__......__.__ 20 20
Gravel.-.._._................__.....__..._._....-_..__ 50 70
Clay____.....___.....____.-____.----....-.-...... 90 160
Gravel....--.._-.-.................._-_._...-..--..-.-.._. 80 240
Clay_____________..______________.._______ 60 300
ll-43-21ccc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.....__.......__.....__.....__--..-.-_.-___.-.. 158 158
Clay, sandy..._._.._......._.._._._.._.._.._..._.........._ 77 235
Clay.... -..--.________.__..----. ------- 65 300
ll-43-25abb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel_________________________________. 121 121
Clay, sandy..._._._......___......._._..._.-._..----_.----. 117 238
Clay........__--._-...._____.__._____.__._____.. 62 300
ll-43-34bcc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel---_--...--_-......._.._._.-..---.--.....--....-_... 15 15
Clay_________..______________________ 170 185
Gravel_._..-..----_...__..___.__.-__-_____-..--...-_--_-._ 55 240
Clay....___________________________.______-. 60 300
ll-43-36cbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay--.-..__._----_-...........--.--..-.-....._.__ 20 20
Gravel....--..___..........-...-....-..._.-..-.-.....-_... 45 65
Clay, sandy, and gravel.--__________________________________ 40 105
Clay--.--.--.-______________. 195 300
BASIC DATA 271
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
11-44-llbbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..__....___________________________________________ 20 20
Clay...._-.__-.------.--.---..-._-_....._......-__... 120 140
Gravel- . -_---------_-------_-_--_---_--.__.___._._-__--_--_ 30 170
Clay-...--..._-._-----_---.....--_..__......._... 30 200
11-44-llcdd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel-------_------_---_----_--.-..---._.----_.._---._--_- 120 120
Shale(?)______________________________________ 85 205
ll-44-13aaa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel....__-----------__-...___.__..--_-....____.-. 140 140
Shale(?)________..._.-_....__....._______..__.__. 65 205
ll-44-14dcc
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.....__..__...._-.__..-..__-....-......___...... 65 65
Clay....-.-_......_..........._____....____.___ 105 170
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 40 210
Clay. _..--......__..__....._______..__......___... 90 300
ll-44-18ddd
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel._--_-__----_____.__._._-___.__.._____ 60 60
Clay__------_-----__.--_...----......_..___.. 220 280
11-44-26dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel------___-__---___--_---______-__.__._-______ 65 65
Gravel, sandy-_____________________________-_____..-______._ 55 120
Clay . __ __ ____.____ 25 145
Sand and gravel-.._-_-_---_---_--______._____________-_____- 40 185
Clay, sandy, and gravel..--_-.----____--______-______________ 115 300
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-44-28dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand___--.---.____________..___.___________ 15 15
Gravel..-----_----._______________--_----_-__-------------- 40 55
Clay.___________...._____.________..______ 105 160
Gravel.. ___.._-..._...__.-.......-.._..-_..__.....---_---.- 80 240
Sandstone _--__---_____.____._________---__________-----_--- 7 247
Clay.______.__________________..__-.__.-- 53 300
ll-45-22bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.---___-____-_________----_--___--_---__----- 70 70
Clay..________..____________________----- 180 250
Clay; contains streaks of sandstone.._---_-_.__--_-_--_----__- 50 300
ll-45-23aaa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..__._..._._----_-.-.-.-...-._..._..__.._._-----_-... 17 17
Clay..___________..__..._____.---.__..______ 63 80
Gravel----.-----.-.--_..-._.-_-_---_----_------------------ 40 120
Clay.___________________-----_________-- - 180 300
ll-45-26ddd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel. _..-.--.._......-.-..___.....____..........-----. 50 50
Clay.----.--..-.__..................____.__.__.-.--.. 25 75
Gravel--.--.------...........-..__-...-...-.___ r _._------ 50 125
Clay___.__._____________.-_____________ 175 300
ll-45-28ddd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel______.__. 65 65
Clay-------..-., 15 80
Gravel-.--..... 50 130
Clay............ 170 300
ll-45-32bbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel_________ 180 180
Clay .. 50 230
Gravel__---____ 40 270
Clay. ........ 30 300
BASIC DATA 273
Toble 28. Drillers' of test holes, seismograph shothoies, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-46-17ddc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---__-_-__---_-__-_-__-________---__-__-__-_. 70 70
Clay.------____-__---_-_-----_-__--_.__..__--.------..._. 140 210
Shale(?)---_-_-----------__--___-----__.....__._-_-_--....- 40 250
ll-46-19ada
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__--_-_-_-__-_--__-_---___________-_-_--____. 35 35
Rock .._.._______..__..________..____..__.__. 15 50
Clay____________________.______________.. 135 185
Sand and gravel____-___..__....._____.__--_.-.._..._...____. 15 200
Shale(?)..______________..____..____________. 50 250
ll-46-23ddd
Ogallala formation:
Shale(?)--__________.....___________________. 55 55
Gravel..______...______._..____..____________ 60 115
Shale(?)_.______________________________ 85 200
ll-46-25aaa
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..__.________________________________.. 120 120
Shale(?)___.______....._____._____.._________. 75 195
Gravel.......__..__..._....-.-._-._--__-_._...._.....-... 40 235
Hard(?)__..______.___..._____.__....______ 15 250
Shale(?)_____.____________________..________ 6 256
ll-46-25dbb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel.......__..__-.--..-.-.-_---........._.-._-........ 138 138
Clay, sandy.-----...............-__-___............-........ 143 281
Clay, sticky ____________________-_.__.___.__--_--____.____- 19 300
ll-46-27aab
Ogallala formation:
Gravel....__________.________________________ 145 145
Shale(?)----__---__--_-_.__________________________________ 60 205
ll-46-27ccd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...--._________.........___..._________.__.._ 85 85
Shale(?)_.__________________________________________________ 165 250
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
ll-46-35acc
Ogallala formation:
Clay..__..._______________________________.____ 18 18
Gravel..._____.__.__.....__.__.....__.__.__.__. 37 55
Clay..__ ....______..__.__________._________ 142 197
Gravel.---..._____---.-_-.....--_-.......___..______ 26 223
Clay________________________________________ 77 300
ll-47-33dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.__.__._.___.._..._________....______.._._.__ 70 70
Clay.__..___________________________________. 140 210
Clay, yellow....__...__...__.___.._....._..._.............. 40 250
11-47-34add
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.................._______..__-___.____.._.___ 70 70
Clay. __....___________ _.__ _. 150 220
Clay, yeUow.._...-_-.__.-_...____--._--_.._..-.........._.. 30 250
12-43-32ddd
Ogallala formation:
Gravel..__-.-...__.__.....__.....__._.__..__--.-_. 85 85
Clay._________________________________________ 215 300
WASHINGTON COUNTY, COLO.
2-49-lbaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy.........___.._.________________________________ 30 30
Sand, gravel, and sandstone __________________________________ 370 400
Pierre shale:
Clay .. ...______________________________ 5 405
Shale -__..--.__.....__.....___.__-____-__..-_----.-.-.. 30 435
2-49-3ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; cemented ___________--_--__---------_---__-- 360 360
Pierre shale:
Clay..___-..__.....____....--..____..._____-__... 25 385
Shale _..---......_.________--._.._...--------.._---_--- 55 440
BASIC DATA 275
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and well Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-49-10bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_---__--_-__-__-_-___--_-___________________ 140 140
Sand and sandstone....-._-.__.__...__....._..__....__._._._ 120 260
Sand and gravel.....-...-...._-.-._--._....__.._....__..... 60 320
Clay, sandy._______________________________________________ 40 360
Pierre shale:
Shale .______________ __________ __________ ______ 40 400
2-49-12aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..__________________________________________ 150 150
Sandstone _____-._..______________________________________ 120 270
Sand and gravel_-.____-_-_-___-_-_-___--____________.______ 80 350
Clay, sandy_______________________________.________________ 50 400
Pierre shale:
Shale______________________.________ 40 440
2-49-12bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand._______________________________________ 45 45
Sand, gravel, and streaks of broken sandstone_.____--._-_.__._ 370 415
Pierre shale:
Shale ---------__-----------_-----_......._.._._. 35 450
2-51-lccb

Sand; contains streaks of clay ._..______._..____________...__ 170 170
Pierre shale:
Shale,.__.....__....______.______........____... 40 210
2-51-2baa

Sand..______.______________________________ 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay.________________________________ 40 150
Shale._._..._.__........._..__..____....._ 40 190
2-51-2cbc

Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentaited:
Sand_____.....__..__.__....__..________.__..__ 165 165
Pierre shale:
Shale_______________.._________________ . 35 200
_____Toble 28. Drillers' locis of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-51-2cdd

Gravel and clay.._.---...___._____.____-------_---_-___._._ 120 120
Pier re shale:
Clay....__..__..____.____..__________.____.. 45 165
Shale __---_-...-.-----...__......_...-.--.--..-....._... 35 200
2-51-4add

Clay and gravel...________________________________________ 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay_______.._....____............__........__. 35 115
Shale .-_---.-._...--..........._.......-...._..........._. 40 155
2-51-4bcc

Clay and gravel....-_____-__-_________-_____-__-.-__----___ 65 65
Pierre shale:
Clay................_..................._................. 25 90
Shale __.._____._____....__.__.____---.______ 65 155
2-51-6abb

Sand_...------..-.----..._....._.....---_-------_-------_. 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay......____________________________.. 55 145
Shale----.......-.-..-_.......__..__-__.---.__..--.-.... 45 190
2-51-6cdd

Sand........_...-.-.........._.........-.................. 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay....______________.._________.____. 65 145
Shale___________..____-.______------____. 37 182
2-51-8abb

Sand and gravel_.__________________________________________ 115 115
Pierre shale:
Shale______..._______.___....____-.-.--. __.. 45 160
BASIC DATA 277
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-51-9baa

Sand; contains streaks of clay-_-_--__-_-----__--__-_---__--.- 145 145
Pierre shale:
Shale____..____________________________... 37 182
2-52-2b
[Test hole]
Soil..__..___________.______..______________ 25 25
Ogallala formation:
Gravel, cemented, hard ------___-_--_---_--_.____-_----.____ 25 50
Rock, hard..._.______..._....__.._._......_.....___.._.___. 20 70
Sandstone..----.-----_--_----___------------___--_---_-__._ 8 78
Sandstone, soft _____________________________________________ 4 82
Rock, hard......_...._---.--.........-_-..__......_....__ 3 85
Sandstone and caliche ___--__-_______--__--____________.-____ 15 100
Sandstone and brown shale___________________________________ 58 158
Pierre shale:
Shale........................__-._.._--.....__-.-----_... 27 185
2-52-8aad
[Test hole drilled for Chicago Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co., 1919]
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue....__.__._____..__...___..__________ 25 25
Rock, white ________________________________________________ 4.5 29.5
Caliche------........__---..-..---_--_--..._-------_-..--- 61 90.5
Sandstone.-..-..._......_..........._.._-.._....-.--_.-..._ 14 104.5
2-52-8bbd
Ogallala formation:
Clay.________.______________________.__... 38 38
Caliche, hard _______.._____________________ 2 40
Sand and gravel ......_.-..--....-.-------..__--.--------... 20 60
Gravel, cemented.....---._......_.-_-__.-..___-_.--._--.._. 14 74
Clay and sand.........._..........._........_.....-_.._.... 6 80
Sand and sandstone.._._----_-____---_-________.__-____-____- 30 110
Limestone----.___-_---------__-----__...__...__.--..- 20 130
Limestone, brown __________________________________________ 8 138
Joint clay and yellow clay..-_-____-_.__.-.._._.--..__..-__-__ 27 165
Caliche, yellow.----....._.-...-_____.._--._.._-_-___---_--- 60 225
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray...__..____________.._________...__ 115 340
Sandstone....__.._---.-..__..__.....____..--.------. 10 350
Shale, gray........._._.__..__...___............._._---_.... 110 460
Sandstone..-__..._...-._-_--......-___.--.....--___._-_.--. 15 475
Sandstone and shale...-_._---_---_--__.__-.--_...-_-_-..---. 25 500
Shale, gray, and sand --_-----....__-_---_...__-----.------.. 340 840
Sandstone. ........... -.-----...........-__.....---_..___ 4 844
_____Toble 28. Drillers' loos of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued_______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-52 -8bbd Continued

Shale---........__......____......._-..__-------------- 101 945
Sandstone; contains oil stain _._._._____.__---_--____--_-.._.. 2 947
Shale, gray...__._.-......._..__.................____... 583 1,530
Shale, granulated _---.-__---____________--_----_--___-_---.- 12 1,542
Shale, gray--.....-----........___..-.-___.__-_...____ 141 1,683
2-52-8bcb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue..__________________________________ 13 13
Caliche- ..__-..________________.._________ 52 65
Gravel, pink, and soil _______________________________________ 3 68
Sand, white, and shale......__.__._.._..___._._._.._____.____ 33 101
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue......__.-__............_.._-_-_.-..-._.....__ 3 104
Shale, white......__..___________________________-...---_ 23 127
2-52-8cda
Cinders.__.....__-____.____________.___.-._.____.....__ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue............. _________________-_-.--.-_______ 23 25
Caliche--._---_..----.__......____..-_.-...-__._____ 49 74
Sand -.........-........._........__........__..__... 12 86
2-52-8dba
[Test hole drilled for Chicago Burlington'and Quincy Railroad Co., 1919]
Cinders.-----.....---..........._.-..._.-..._.._... 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue......__.--.-..._..__.____.____.____... 19.5 20.5
Rock, white ----....--__....._____.___..........._____ 4.5 25
Caliche-__-----__.__..........._...---...___.....__ 27 52
Shale, white(?) ..._-..__---......_._...-.------.--._-.-__ 7 59
Clay and gravel _-.----..__._._._._.._..___.._....._......._ 51 110
2-52-8dbc
Cinders..-._.__..__-------_-----_-----______ 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue...__..........__......__.._.........___.____ 10 13
Caliche.-_-_..._..._....._..._......................._..... 68 81
Sand, fine (water-bearing) -__-._.__________-_______.--__--.._ 6 87
Sand, medium (water-bearing)...__.--_.....---.-_--...._.___ 5 92
Pierre shale:
Shale____..____.______......__---._________ ..__. 92
BASIC DATA 279
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-52-8dca
Cinders-..--......_______________________________________ 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue______________________________________ 24 25
Rock, white___________________________________ 4.5 29.5
Caliche..________.__..______._______ 52 81.5
Sand, medium(water)________________________________________ 11 92.5
2-52-8dcb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue__________________________ __________ 24 24
Rock, white_________________________________ 4.5 28.5
Caliche_____________________________________ 47.5 76
Shale(?), white......__...__..._____ 30 106
Caliche_____________________________________ 14 120
2-52-8dda
Ogallala formation:
Clay, blue..__________________________________ 24.5 24.5
Rock, white__.__._______.__..____.....__ 5.5 30
Caliche_____________________________________ 51 81
Shalef?), white_________________________________ 7 88
Clay and gravel...._--..____..-.__-._..._----------_-------. 39 127
2-52-9b
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
Clay_________._________________________________ 20 20
Caliche, hard......___...____._____._____..__.._..._.._.__._ 20 40
Limestone, hard....._.._....__..____._____________-__-._. 20 60
Rock, very hard _.____.__.__._-.-._._-...---_--------------. 10 70
Sandstone, very hard ____.___-___-___-___.__.__-.--.---___--. 15 85
Sand and gravel-----.--.._..-_.____.____._. _____ -_-.._ 4 89
Limestone, very hard _.._-_._._..__._.__-__-____--_- ... _ 2 91
Clay, white____...__________________-._________ 9 100
Pierre shale:
Soapstone and shale _-__-_-_-________-____-_--__----------__- 152 252
2-53-2cdc
Ogallala formation:
Shale, sandy.._______ . 60 60
Clay....__.-__-______-____----________--____--- 180 240
Pierre shale:
Shale......______._.___-__---___--_____- 20 260
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-49-labb
Ogallala formation:
Sand.-._......._..-_...._...__......_...__--_.---_----_-._- 260 260
Pierre shale:
Shale____________________________..______ 20 280
3-49-2ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand...._....._._.....___...__.......____-_-.--.---__-_-__. 260 260
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy.......__.__....__...__..------.--_---------. 10 270
Shale _.--_._.-...__..__..............._--__----.-.---_--. 20 290
3-49-3baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-_-_----__--___-____--_--_---__----_----_---- 110 110
Sandstone _-_-_--_--_-----_--.-_-.-______---_--------------- 125 235
Pierre shale:
Shale______________. ______....____----___---.. 25 260
3-49-6dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel -__--__--_-._-__--.--_--_-------------______ 130 130
Sand__.__-.._...----__--_..__..._..._-.__----.--.------ 90 220
Clay, sandy.--_-_-__--___-_-_-.____-___-_----_---_---------- 50 270
Pierre shale:
Shale...___.__-.-.___________ 20 290
3-49-6dda
Ogallala formation:
Clay____..__-_..______.__..____..-_.-__.__-_-. 20 20
Sand and gravel....---._.-.._.._...___.._-----_----_-------- 200 220
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________._____-. . -.- 45 265
Shale __________________________------ 35 300
3-49-9aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____________________________-----------_----- 90 90
Sandstone ...-.....-_.-............._..._.--_----_-----.---- 180 270
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________.. 22 292
Shale __..______._____._.....___-------____--_.---. 8 300
BASIC DATA 281
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-49-llaaa
Ogallala formation:
100 100
170 270
Pier re shale:
Clay...... -_______..__.....___._______--__----_-__-..-_---. 25 295
Shale ______ . _____________ ______ ______ ___ ______ 5 300
3-49-13ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand.... -____________-_________________----_-_--_--__--_-_- 310 310
35 345
Pier re shale:
Shale __ ..... __ .. __ ....... __ ... ___ ... ____ ..... __ . 25 370
3-49-14ccc
Ogallala formation:
260 260
60 320
Pier re shale:
Clay _______ ___ ___________ __ __________ ___________ 44 364
Shale ______ ___ ______ __ __ __________ ---.----_-. 16 380
3-49-15abb
Ogallala formation:
120 120
140 260
Pierre shale:
Clay__.___ ___ ____________________-__-_----- - -. 32 292
Shale ___ ____ __________ __ . _________ __________ . 8 300
3-49-17abb
Ogallala formation:
75 75
50 125
115 240
Pierre shale:
Clay__... ....___. __._.____....________.-___-__.____-_.-_..- 20 260
Shale ________________ ____ ____________ ___________ 40 300
655012 O - 63 - 19
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
3-49-18baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand..--.________--__..-_.._-_-.__.._.--_--.__.__ 70
Sand and gravel___________________._.._-__.____________-___ 80
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 3
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 27
Clay, sandy..............____________...______--_-.--- 20
Pierre shale:
Clay. ____________________________ 40
Shale _____--_..______....-....-_._______--_--.-__----. 45
3-49-19bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_._________.___________________________._.__ 135
Clay, sandy ______________________________________ _________ 45
Sand and gravel _____________________________________ ______ 95
Pierre shale:
Clay, blue...._____________________________.-.---__._ 25
3-49-19cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 90
Sand and gravel...__-...._...___________________-___-___--_ 160
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy......-_..-..-....--_.--_....-________.....-_-_- 30
Shale .--___.-__-______________.._.________.______ 20
3-49-20bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand __________________________________________________ _ __ 30
Chalk rock________________________________________________ 25
Sand and gravel..._._..__....__________.___________-_____._ 225
Pierre shale:
Clay, blue..__-----------__-__-.--.._---____---------- 20
3-49-21aaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy....-._--._.___-.--..---__..--__..._.-..____.... 60
Sand.......__..__.......__.._--.---.__-.__-------__-_ 230
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy_-___-_-_-__-_--_...___.__--_-__.__-_.__._----__ 46
Shale_____________________.______________ 24
BASIC DATA 283
Tobl« a. Drillers* logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-49-21bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand.______________________________________________________ 50 50
Gravel...............-.-._...__..........________________ 20 70
Sand and sandy clay --------..._-__------._-_------.-.--..--- 130 200
Sand and gravel.....-_-..--..._.-....-_-_.---..-_....__.---. 65 265
Pierre shale:
Clay____.____________..____________________ 35 300
3-49-22dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...._--..-..__....__..------------.--.---- 130 130
Sandstone _______________________-- . -- 220 350
Pierre shale:
Clay.__..____________.___________...___-. - 45 395
Shale ____.._____________________.- ___.. 25 420
3-49-23dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand-.....-..---------------------------------------------- 355 355
Pierre shale:
Shale _________________________-- - 25 380
3-49-24dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_____- __ - 160 160
Sandstone ..___________________ ---- 160 320
Pierre shale:
Clay...----.-...__.-__.-__---------__-.----__-.------- 40 360
Shale ..--.__.-.._.._-----_.------------------------------- 30 390
3-49-25ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel______ ----- - 170 170
Sandstone _____________.._._ -- - . 210 380
Pierre shale:
Clay-.-......---------------------------------------------- 10 390
Shale .....--..---.- -- ---- -- ---- --. 30 420
______Toble 28. Driflers* lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-49-27ccc
[Surface altitute, 4,243.5 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---..........._....__________.__..._________ 165 165
Sandstone.-_...__ _..._____.__._._____....____.._....._.___ 175 340
Clay, sandy...___..___._.._.._...___._._____..__.------_-. 63 403
Pierre shale:
Shale __........................__..__.....__._____ 27 430
3-49-32bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...__....___.._____..._____.___._._______.__ 75 75
Clay, sandy-------.--------...------..-----.--.--------.--- 45 120
Sand and gravel....__..__.__.____.._____.._________.____--_ 90 210
Sandstone-------__---------_..--_--__-_-----------_------_ 60 270
Pierre shale:
Clay._-._......_...-_.___.._._.._..____.._...._-.-___--_-- 30 300
3-49-34aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand.---.-----_------------------__----------_------_----- 310 310
Shale, sandy---.-.---....--------__----.----_-__-_--__--._ 50 360
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy----_--___--____--_____--___-__._.--__---_.---_- 45 405
Shale __________________________________________..._..____ 15 420
3-49-34cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand.----_--------.-_---.---.__---__.....__---------.-._ 170 170
Shale, sandy...___.________________...__..... 230 400.
Pierre shale:
Clay......_________-----____________-----____ 10 410
Shale -------------------.....__--__.._.....-.--_..__-.-. 20 430
3-50-labb
Ogallala formation:
Surface .....__._._____._..___.___..__________.._._________ 10 10
Sand and gravel-----.-..-.-....__..-._..._-.-_---_.------.- 150 160
Clay...___________-__..____.__-----__.--.__ 70 230
Pierre shale:
Shale -.____.____.....__..____.._____--.-.____ 50 280
BASIC DATA 285
Toble 28. Drillers' loqs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-labb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_______.__...__._______..___.___________._.___ 200 200
Sandstone ____________________________________________________ 60 260
Pierre shale:
Shale _______________________________________________________ 30 290
3-50-2baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand..............__________________________________________ 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay._______________________________________________________ 40 200
Shale -_---_----_.._-----____--___-__-______..______._________ 50 250
3-50-4abb

Sand and gravel_______--___-----_----_-_--_._----_-------.--- .220 220
Pierre shale:
Shale ______.-__-.___.____________.-_______--__-- 50 270
3-50-4bbb

Sand and gravel---------------------------------------------- 215 215
Pierre shale:
Shale-.--.-------------------------------------------------- 30 245
3-50-4bcc

Sand and gravel_-__----__--_----_------------_----_---------- 150 150
Rock ___-____---___-----------_----------------------------- 10 160
Pierre shale:
Clay.__________________________-_-___-_-.____-_-___------- 20 180
Shale _---------_-----_--------------.----------------------- 30 210
3-50-4daa

Sand and gravel..-___--___-___---___------------------------- 210 210
Pierre shale:
Shale.---.-.__.______-_ --- -- ------- 35 245
______Toble 28. Drillers logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-5bbb

Sand; contains streaks of clay.---..._.____.._._____.______.._ 180 180
Pierre shale:
Shale ---------__---___-____________.___--___--.--_--___.._. 45 225
3-50-5bcc

Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 135 135
Pierre shale:
Shale --________.__..-_-___._______.-_------_--------------_- 30 165
3-50-5cdd

Sand ._._____..____._.._._._.___._.__.._.._.__.____....._._ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay.__......___.__....__.......__...__....____ 25 155
Shale____...._____.______---.-----.-- -.-...-- 35 190
3-50-6ccc

Sand and gravel _.____________________..--_--.-----_--__---_ 100 100
Sandstone.--.--...--_--_---__..-..--_-------_---_-------._. 40 140
Pierre shale:
Clay...._______-.______.....__.____...__....__ 20 160
Shale_________..__....__...____._______.... 40 200
3-50-6dcc

Sand rock...........---.-.----..__..__.---------.---.---- 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay.____..__...__.______-_.. . -- - 30 160
Shale...__-.__..__.________-____- - -- 30 190
3-50-7add

Sand and gravel ----------_-___-_--------------------------- 125 125
Pierre shale:
15 140
Shale____....__..__.---.__...--.--.----- -- 30 170
BASIC DATA 287
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-7bcc

Sand..._.._..__....__._..._._..___...._____.._.____._.___.. 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay..__--_.._.-.._....._...__........__..._..____... 15 145
Shale ....._____________.._.....____-...._.._... 35 180
3-50-7cdd

Sand and gravel._._....___..__..______......_._..___.-__..__ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay____________________________________. 40 170
Shale ______ __________ ___ ______ ______ ________ 40 210
3-50-8add

Sand and gravel...-_..-___-_-_-..-_____-._-___--.-_-___----_ 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay_______________________________________... 30 150
Shale ____________________________.___-._ 30 180
3-50-9baa

Sand..__________________..__________________ 140 140
Pierre shale:
Clay....__________________________._-_ 25 165
Shale ________.___ .-. __ ... .. 35 200
3-50-17abb

Sand_____.______________.___________...__ 140 140
Pierre shale:
Clay......__._..--.-........-..__-...-..-__.... .- 20 160
Shale...........__.......__...__..-..-.--..-.._...---. 40 200
3-50-17dcc

Sand and gravel._-.__..---..._____._.--_.__----_.----_------ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay._..____---. ... 30 160
Shale _______ 35 195
______Table 28. Drillers' loqs of test holes, seismoflroph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-18bcc

Sand and gravel..___.._____.____.___.._______...__._._..__.. 120 120
Pierre shale:
Shale ________.. ________________ ___ __________________ _ 30 150
3-50-18cdd

Sand and gravel..._______..__.___.__._..___._____-.___-___._ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay....____....________..__.____________... 30 160
Shale __....__._____...__.....__.._______---.. 35 195
3-50-l9bcc

Sand__..____..__..._________________.--_.--. 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay.____________.____..__-__.._-- ... 30 140
Shale _-___-.-____..._..._..._...--.._---_---_--_-----.---- 40 180
3-50-29cbb

Sand__.___________________.--.- - 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay.._____________.__----- -- --- 25 185
Shale--..-------------.----.------------------------- --- 40 225
3-50-30baa

Sand......_____..____._______---. - 170 170
Pierre shale: ,
Clay.______..._______ ........ ----- - 20 190
Shale.--..----.-__________----- - 35 225
3-50-30cbb

Sand.-----..-.....--------__-....._-.------.-------------- 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay...... .. . . . - 20 150
Shale..__.__.-__--._---_-- -- -- 30 180
BASIC DATA 289
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-30ccc

Sand..---.__----------------__----___---___-_--__--__... 90 90
Pier re shale:
Clay...--____---___-_-____---____-______--_____-__......_ 50 140
Shale --------____-__-____---__-________________-.________- 40 180
3-50-30dcc

Sand and gravel--_--_------_---___---_------------------.-_- 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay.__.______________________..___________. 30 160
Shale _-..-.________.___________________ 40 200
3-50-31bcc

Sand and gravel-----__---_-----------_------_--------------- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay____.____________.---____-____-- - 30 150
Shale -----_---_-_--_-----------------_--....__._--------- 40 190
3-50-31daa

Sand and gravel..__________---____--______-_-_----_---__---- 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay______________-.________________-__- 30 160
Shale -------------_.__---___---_---------_-----_-_-_ 40 200
3-50-31dcc

Sand and gravel.--.--------------..------------------------- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________-__--__--_-.--- - 40 160
Shale ___________________ __________-__ 40 200
3-50-32dcc

Sand...___.__...._________-__..__.--- .-..-... 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay.._____-__------- . --. ------- ------ 45 205
Shale ______________.---__- .- -- 40 245
______Tnble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-50-36aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...._..._____..._.__..-_.___.____.___.------- 200 200
Clay, sandy..____________------_____ ----- 30 230
Sand and gravel_____.__._____.. .. 50 280
Pierre shale:
Clay-----------------------------.--------.---------------- 20 300
3-51-2aaa
x

Sand and gravel...------.-.-----..---- --------...-- ... 125 125
Pierre shale:
Clay..________________._________. 5 130
Shale..........__-.----...___....--.--.-..-.----------.- 30 160
3-51-2baa

Sand and gravel._------------_--_--------------------------- 110 110
Sandstone .-..____________________ 50 160
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________________________ ------- . 50 210
3-51-2ccc

Sand and gravel...__---____----_-__-_-.____---_-_----------- 85 85
Sandstone ----.___-_--__-.---_---__-------__---_-.---------- 45 130
Pierre shale:
Shale ..._________________________ 30 160
3-51-2cdd

Sand---.---.-.--.......-.__.-..______..__-__--------- 135 135
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________ 10 145
Shale _________________________________ 35 180
3-51-3add

Sand and gravel--.--.--___...-__..__..._..---.._-------.- 90 90
BASIC DATA 291
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-3add Continued
Pier re shale:
Clay ...__. .___ .. 25 115
Shale _____________________________________________________ 40 155
3-51-4add
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undiff erentiated:

Sand..._..._._..._...__................__.......__..... 135 135
Pierre shale:
Clay............ ...............__..........._____... 5 140
Shale...__________________________________________________ 40 180
3-51-4ddd

Sand _____________________________________________________ 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay __________.._______..__.._________ 10 120
Shale.._........___........___.._..___.._..___...._.._._.. 50 170
3-51-5baa

Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 90 90
Sandstone ___-.-__--_______----_______________-____________ 40 130
Pierre shale:
Shale.._.._........._...__-.-_......__...__........_.... 50 180
3-51-5ddd

Sand _.-..--.._._....-..._........._._._.._....._..._...._ 125 125
Pierre shale:
Clay....__--_..-.----....-..-__.._......-._.....-.-...... 15 140
Shale............_......_..__.__........_..__.___..__..__. 40 180
3-51-6ccc

Sand and gravel _---.--__-__--_..___..__.._._.___._.._____. 95 95
Clay. __________.__.___.__-.--_-.--....-___-..--__.. 80 175
Pierre shale:
Shale.._.........._._.._...._......._...___.._._._..__.._. 25 200
_____Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-7aaa

Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 75 75
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 75 150
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________________________________________________ 30 180
3-51-7cdd

Sand and gravel__---_-_____-_____..____________________-.... 70 70
Clay.... .__-__________________ 90 160
Pierre shale:
Shale -------_-----.-......--.-___-_____._..___-___.-___.__- 30 190
3-51-9bdd

Sand._________---___._.__..__..._..-._.__...._.._-..__.._.. 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay. ___________________________________________________ 10 140
Shale -----___--__.___________...__...____.___._________.._. 40 180
3-51-lladd

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay.-------_---_--_--_-______._______.____......_..-______ 15 115
Shale --------------_-______________________________________ 35 150
3-51-12abb

Sand and gravel__.__________________________________________ 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay.. _-__ ______________________ 10 130
Shale ----------_-----_.._.._......-..__..___---_-_-__-_____ 30 160
3-51-12bbb

Sand....--------_--...._.._--.___-_________________________ 120 120
Pierre shale:
Shale ----------------_......__________..-___--_--____-.__.. 50 170
BASIC DATA 293
Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-13baa

Gravel..___._..._.___.___.__...______.....___..___._._.... 83 83
Pierre shale:
Clay.___.______..__..____....__________...__ 37 120
Shale .___.____..__._____..........__________ 40 160
3-51-14abb

Sand....--...........-.--......-..__-.___..__._....--._.. 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay...__________________..__..____..__.__ 30 130
Shale -----..------.------.-_.__...----..-----..--_---..-- 40 170
3-51-15baa

Gravel..--.------_..----__------__---_-._...--._------_--. 85 85
Pierre shale:
Clay..._____________..____..______.._____ 35 120
Shale _______________---_-----.__________.. 30 150
3-51-15ccc

Sand.-_---._..---____----___--_-__-_--___.-__-_._.___.__-_ 80 80
Pierre shale:
' Clay.........................................__.......... 50 130
Shale -.-.-...--.--...---...--.._._....-......-__....-..... 50 180
3-51-16abb

Sand.----_-------_-_-----_---_-------_-_---_-----_-------- 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay.________.___.___._.______________.____._____..--.__.- 10 100
Shale ......__.......__..__-.-......-.._..--....-.-__.. 50 150
3-51-16cbc

Sand.----.__--------__..__------_----.-.-------------.- 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________..__._________..____.. 90 180
Shale ........__-...--.-_.-.-_--....---.....--...-__-.__. 45 225
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-17baa

Sand__________________________________. 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay.....________________..__________________ 60 130
Shale __ ______ __ _____ __ _______ __ __ ___ ____ 50 180
3-51-17cbb

Sand.---._--_...__...--...........__-....--_-..------_--._ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay....__-.___.-..-....-._.,......----.----.------__... 100 190
Shale ______________.___.._______.__.-..._ 45 235
3-51-18ddd

Sand.---..-.-._.-......._......._........_......---.---_... 50 50
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 50 100
Pierre shale:
Clay.......................__..................--....--.._ 60 160
Shale _______________..________..____.._____. 40 200
3-51-20abb

Sand and gravel.....________________________________________ 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________________________________________ 60 180
Shale ...__.____________._____.__.______.____ 30 210
3-51-21bbb

Gravel.____________________________________________________ 85 85
Pierre shale:
Clay.______..____.....__.....__.._________... 90 175
Shale ___________--.-.__--..-_____-_.---__. . 25 200
3-51-21bcc

Sand and gravel.._-___._-_.___-___..-.___-__----__----_----- 50 50
Pierre shale:
Clay.__-_..--__----_.--___-_.-.__--_-------------_-------. 75 125
Shale ___ ______ .. ______ ______ ___ __ __ .. __ __ . 30 155
BASIC DATA 295
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-21cdd

Sand.._____________________________________________________ 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay.__________..____________________________ 40 100
Shale __ _______ ___ ____ __ ______ ______ __ ___ 50 150
3-51-22bcc

Sand and gravel......________________________________________ 85 85
Pierre shale:
Clay__________________________________.__ 50 135
Shale -........._..._..._....___---_...-.._-._._--_..--.... 35 170
3-51-23bbb

Sand.._____________________________________________________ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay..__---...-...__.___...__......._____......... 20 150
Shale______________________________________ 50 200
3-51-23dbd

Sand and gravel........_.._._..___....___.._..._...__--.-.__ 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay. . __.__.__.._____________________ 35 135
Shale ......_...-.__..__..__.....__..__---..-....__... 35 170
3-51-24aaa

Sand ... .......____.__________..__________. 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay...... .. .. ..-.....-.-__..__.__ 10 140
Shale __..__............__-..----...__......._..__.... 50 190
3-51-24bbb

Gravel and sandstone..______________________________________ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay. .. __.___.______________________..__ 10 140
Shale __--__..___._,__-_____-___.___...._..._-._.-_.___-.___. 50 190
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-25abb

Gravel___---____-____..._._..__..___.._._._____...._.____.| 155 155
Pierre shale:
Clay.............__...................................... 15 170
Shale _______________________.--._______-_-_--_---.-__--. 30 200
3-51-25bcc

Sand and gravel......-___--_--__-__-_____----___---___-___-_| 120 120
Pierre shale:
Shale...-.______-.________________________-__-l 30 150
3-51-25CCC

Sand and gravel-_--_--_-_----_-.-----_------__--------_--_--| 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay.-__-___._______.-._-.......-_..._.--___--_-_._.-_--.-- 15 125
Shale _..--_-_-_.-.---______..._.-_._-__--_-__.----.__ -. 30 155
3-51-26abb

Sand.-__._________.____.._._.__._________--._.__.__...-I 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay__.__-___.__._________.-.._.......------....--.-..---- 15 145
Shale __________________________________-___.__..___..--._ 35 180
3-51-26dcc

Sand..____________.-..__._____------____.---I 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay.._________________--_.....-._____-___..--_-...--_-. 30 110
Shale _______________________________..-_-- 40 150
3-51-27baa

Gravel. _______________________._-_--. _| 105 105
Pierre shale:
Clay.__-.__-._____-.________________-.___---_ 20 125
Shale _______________________________._---_--_-----_--.---- 35 160
BASIC DATA 297
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-27ddd

Gravel_____________________________________________________ 85 85
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________________________________________ 20 105
Shale ____________________________________________________ 45 150
3-51-28ddd
Sariborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentiated:

Sand._____________________________________ 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay__-.______________________.-_________ 30 100
Shale ___ __________ ______ ______ ___ __ __ ___ _ 50 150
3-51-29abb

Gravel.-_-_____________________----____--__--________-__--- 55 55
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________-________________ 50 105
Shale _----________-__-_------_--___-----_---------_-------- 45 150
3-51-29ccc

Sand_______________________________________________________ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay.._______._____-._____________-________- 20 110
Shale ___________.-___.___.________________ 40 150
3-51-29ddd

Sand and gravel____-____-_--_-----_-------_-------_-------_- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay...._-_.____________-_______-_--------.--_-____----_--- 20 140
Shale _____________________________________ 33 173
3-51-30abb

Sand..--_-___________------_--__-_________________________ 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay__________________-._______________.--- 40 110
Shale _________-._____.-_- - -_ 40 150
655012 O - 63 - 20
______Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seistnoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-32bcc
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undiff erentiated:

Clay and gravel__-----________________----___-__-___________ 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay _____.______________________________. 35 115
Shale -----__..__---_----._.........__----------__--._.- 40 155
3-51-32dcc

Sand and gravel___--__-_______________________-__-.-__-_-___ 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay...____.____________________________ 55 135
Shale----_-.-_.---_--.........-.._.-.-.-____.......__... 35 170
3-51-33cbb

Sand--...-__.__-.._..._._.__-----_._.._..-.--.-._.__._ 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay..__...........__.....__-_____.._.......__.__. 30 110
Shale..-..__._____________.,_________________ 40 150
3-51-33ccc

Sand....---_--.._-----.-.._..._......_--------------------- 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay__________________..________________ 35 115
Shale---__-.....--__......__._.-.-_..--_....-.-........__ 35 150
3-51-33daa

Sand and gravel.--__---__-____.____.___------_--___-___--_.. 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay___________________-.__________________ 60 140
Shale__....__________.-__-,________________ 30 170
3-51-35add

Sand and gravel........._.___.____.____------_--_______---_- 140 140
Pierre shale:
Shale________________________________________ 40 180
BASIC DATA 299
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-51-36cdd

Sand and gravel__--_--__________- ____.__ ________ ______. 140 140
Pier re shale:
Clay ... ._______________________ 25 165
Shale _______.________....______________... 35 200
3-52-3dcc
[Surface altitude. 4,550.2 ft]

Gravel......._....._--...._..___.....__.._.___._........._- 25 25
Clay.-.-......-.-...--.__...___..--.......---._--------- 173 198
Pierre shale:
Shale -----__-_.---_-.______________________.-.- 22 220
3-52-4dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand..............__-....__--_--_---.--..-_-------- .___ 30 30
Clay.__.....__...___-..-.-...-........-___.._---.---. 155 185
Pierre shale:
Shale ___.......__..______....-.--__ .---- -- 25 210
3-52-5add
Ogallala formation:
Clay..-..___-_________-...-------- 125 125
Pierre shale:
Shale__.__.___--...__----- -- -- 25 150
3-52-10bcc

Sand and gravel --- . _ --- - - - 40 40
Rock ..____.----------. - -- - 25 65
Clay.._________ ----- - - 135 200
Pierre shale:
Shale--...-----.-.-----.--.--...---------------------------- 30 230
3-52-24baa

Gravel---..______________ ±... -- --- 40 40
Clay, sandy -.-. ----- --- 40 80
Pierre shale:
Clay...-...---..--.-.--.--------------------------------- 80 160
Shale ______.- -- - - 40 200
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph sfiotfioles, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
3-52-36aaa

Sand and gravel_____..___.__.._.._._.____._.______________.. 80
Pierre shale:
Clay____---__________________..._______-_____---___...... 45
Shale ____---..___________.__....__..________ 35
3-53-24cbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..-__-_________________-___-_-_-------__----- 15
Clay____.___________..........____..____----- 90
Pierre shale:
Shale...________...__.......______.. 45
3-53-25abd
[Test hole drilled by the State of Colorado, 1906]

Sand and gravel..------------------------------------------- 85
Pierre shale:
Shale--.--------.----------------.------------------------- 70
Lime-..----__-_.-----____.--------.----------------------- 2
Shale __.____..___________- - - -- 148
Lime ___________________________________-_---.---w__------- 3
Shale -----____--.____________-__-------- --- 192
Shale, light -gray._--_.-___._------_-_--_--__---------------- 23
Lime..__----------__-------------- ----- ----- 2
Shale---.-----..------__.__-------------__-------------- 252
Shale, light -gray _.___.-___...__._._-_-_-_-___--------------- 125
Lime --.---_-_____-___-____---_-_-------------------------- 2
Shale.---------.-------------------------------------- -- 242
4-49-2abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__----_--____-_------------------------------ 165
Sandstone _____._..-___--_-_---_._-------------------------- 55
Pierre shale:
Shale._______-____.________-__ - 30
4-49-4abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___-___-____.-_-___-------------------------- 125
Pierre shale:
Clay.---------.-.----------__--------- ----- -- -- 25
Shale------------------------------------------------------ 30
BASIC DATA 301
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-5cbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.------------------.---.--..--------------.- 150 150
Pierre shale:
Shale ---_--.--_-___-----_---.__.............__..__-_--. 30 180
4-49-5dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel------------------..--__-___--___--____----- 140 140
Sand rock _----_--_-__--------..-....._.._......-._-__._-.. 40 180
Pierre shale:
Shale __..__________________________________.. 30 210
4-49-6dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-.------.-.-------.___-___-----------_-__-- 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay....____.......__........______.______.. 30 180
Shale _________..__.__.__.._________.____._ 40 220
4-49-7aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.._._.._______---.-..._..___-__-..-.-.-_-_-. 200 200
Pierre shale:
Shale._____...____________________.___,.---_ 30 230
4-49-7add
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.--_-_-------------..-___-__---_--__----_--- 150 150
Sand rock ._..-.._____-_.__-_----.._.____._.-__-__.-.._-.- 70 220
Pierre shale:
Shale --............__--_.--_--_--....__._......_.._.--_--. 30 250
4-49-7bcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__..-_--___---._-_---..__-__--___________--. 165 165
Pierre shale:
Shale._______________________________________ 30 195
3Q2 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-8aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_-__-_____________________.__-__--_-_________ 70 70
Sand......_____-__-______..______________.-_________------- 95 165
Pierre shale:
Shale ----__---_------______-____________-_--.___--.___... 35 200
4-49-9aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_----_-__-____-___-_________.--__-__-_--_-_-- 110 110
Sandstone......------.._...___...__.-___----_----___------. 70 180
Pierre shale:
Shale ---.._..-_....._._.._....-.-_-__......_----- 30 210
4-49-9cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_-_--_----_-----__-___-_-_-------_--__------_ 80 80
Sandstone _-_______-_________-___________-__-_---_-------_-. 130 210
Pierre shale:
Shale...________________________________._ 30 240
4-49-llaaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-------__.._._________-__--._---_____------- 100 100
Sandstone _-_____---_________._.._.-_-._--__---._-----_-_-- 150 250
Pierre shale:
Shale..---.-.__-.__...........__.....__----.. .-.--__--- 30 280
4-49-llcdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-_-_-____________________--__-__--___---__-- 120 120
Sandstone ......____._.___.____........_.-__-------.__..---- 110 230
Pierre shale:
Shale ..___..______________...-.-_---.__ 10 240
4-49-13dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--------.----.---.--..-.-----__------.------- 170 170
Clay, sandy-----.--....---.-._----_-.-------------_--_-.---- 80 250
Pierre shale:
Shale __________________________ .- 30 280
BASIC DATA 303
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-14ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____---_---_-_-___--_-__-___-_--__-__-__-_--- 100 100
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 125 225
Pierre shale:
Shale __.__....-.-._-_-_.....---_---..._..._---.-...__.._ 25 250
4-49-15abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel....------__-_--_--------_-_--..-------_------ 120 120
Sandstone.---..---_-_-_--.--_--------.._---_-----____---_.- 90 210
Pierre shale:
Shale---......__.__..__..__.... -.._...__..-..._....... 30 240
4-49-17ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_.__-_-_---_-__-__-__-_________-_--____-___-_ 100 100
Sandstone -.__-_-__--_---___--_____-_-__.._-_--___-____._-.- 145 245
Pierre shale:
Shale ___________________-.________________ 25 270
4-49-19dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel--.--------..__-_-------__--._--_-_-_____- 90
Sandstone ---_--.__-_j-_--._----.-.-.--__---__-.-_--__-__--- 130 220
Pierre shale:
Shale -----__.....-.---.-_...__.---._____-.---...-.-.-_ 30 250
4-49-20bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand.._______________._______________________ 225 225
Pierre shale:
Shale --_-....______---_.-.---._____......__..______- 25 250
4-49-21aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand.. ___...___.....-.--.____.___..__--_-.---__..__ 220 220
Pierre shale:
Shale ___________1__________________________ __ - 30 250
Table 28. Drillers' lo.qs of test holes, seismoflraph shothoJes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-22cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand_.______________________________________.__.._-__----_-_ 240 240
Pierre shale:
Shale._-_.___.___...._.._____._..___.__.__.__._.._...___.__ 30 270
4-49-23dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 120 120
Sandstone _-_.______________._______._-.-__-_-__-___-____._- 120 240
Pierre shale:
Shale____..___....__...____.._______..______ 30 270
4-49-24aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.------..____________________________________ 120 120
Sandst one._________________________________________________ 125 245
Pierre shale:
Shale__-..._......_________..________________. 25 270
4-49-24bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy.._______________________________________________ 60 60
Sand____..____._________..______________ 175 235
Pierre shale:
Shale __.....__..__......__..__.___-.-----------.__... 25 260
4-49-24dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel__________._.______..___.._..________._______ 125 125
Sandstone ----___...._._...____...._._-..-_.__-__-__.-_.._.. 130 255
Pierre shale:
Shale____.______....________._____________ 25 280
4-49-27ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand.-__.......___...__......_...___.__..___.._..._.______. 250 250
Pierre shale:
Shale.-------._-.-__......__.__.._.....____-...-___-.-._- 30 280
BASIC DATA 305
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-28baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_-____--____-_----_-_________________________ 120 120
Sandstone .__._.____.________.__._...._._..___._...___.__... 120 240
Pierre shale:
Shale . .. .__......____....__________ 30 270
4-49-31aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...._.-.._..._.....__._..___.__...._.._._.__. 110 110
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 70 180
Gravel--__..._._..__.___.___.._....._._..._________..______ 50 230
Pierre shale:
Shale _..__..._._.._______.__.__...........__..........__. 30 260
4-49-32aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-...--_....._.-..._.___.___.._.......__...... 160 160
Sand.._____________________________________________________ 80 240
Pierre shale:
Shale .--------...--..__------------.-----...-_-..-.-._.... 30 270
4-49-32cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.................__..___.___.____.__..__..___ 120 120
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 110 230
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________________________________________________ 40 270
4-49-33aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 100 100
Sandstone__________________________________________________ 155 255
Pierre shale:
Shale ------__---__--.__._.__________..__._..__...___.__.___ 15 270
4-49-33cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand....___________________________________________________ 250 250
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________________________________________________ 20 270
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued __
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-49-35aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand....__.___.__.................__........__........ 240 240
Pierre shale:
Shale-.-.-__------..-.-..-..__-----__------.-----------. 30 270
4-49-35dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-__---__--.___-_____---____-_-__------__----- 110 110
Sandstone-_..__.. ______________ _____-____-__--_--___---__-- 140 250
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ __-____-. 20 270
Shale ..._______________________________________ 20 290
4-50-lcdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_--____-___------___------------------_------ 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________.- 10 130
Shale____________________. _ - 35 165
4-50-ldaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___-___-_-__-___----------_--_-_------_------ 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay________________________ __ . _ 20 120
Shale ________________________-. . - 30 150
4-5G-2dcc
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentiated;

Gravel and sand -___________________--___-----__------_----- 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________-. - 60 120
Shale__________________________- 30 150
I_____________________
4-50-3ccc

Sand and gravel--_-_-_----_-_-___----_---------------------- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay......___________________-.__- __ - 10 130
Shale ___.___ __ __. _- 50 180
BASIC DATA 307
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-3daa

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 70 70
Sandstone ..--___-.-.--------__.._....______._..._..___.__ 20 90
Pierre shale:
Clay..............__...__......__.....-.---......_.-.---- 15 105
Shale ...__.._____________________.__________... 45 150
4-50-5cbb

Clay...____........________________________ 110 110
Pierre shale:
Shale __..__.__..________________________... 40 150
4-50-5ccc

Sand..._._.___..._..__.___._.__.._____..__..._._....______- 60 60
Clay._____.___-.__._____---.._______..______. 40 100
Pierre shale:
Shale _____________..___---._...____ - 50 150
4-50-6ccc

Sand.................__..__.......-..-..---..-_.--.-.-..- 30 30
Clay......____..____..____._________...___ 30 60
Pierre shale:
Shale --.-._---_-------.---.-------._-.----__-._-------. 90 150
4-50-6cdd

Sand and gravel-----.-------.--.---------------------------- 100 100
Pierre shale:
Shale _______.__________-._______.______ .-- 50 150
4-50-7add

Sand and gravel--------------------------------------------- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay.___________-__-.____ .- .- - 30 150
Shale _-.__.-______________--___ 30 180
Table 28. Drillers' Jogs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-7cbb

Sand._.._._.._______..___._..___.___._._...........__.._._. 30 30
Clay-...__________________________________________________ 60 90
Pierre shale:
Shale ______.__._________________________.____ 60 150
4-50-7ccc

Sand and gravel--...---_-__--___---_-______-_-____---------_ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay____..____________.________________. 30 120
Shale ______________________________________________________ 30 150
4-50-7dcc

Sand and gravel..-.-__...._.__....___._..._...-.___--.__._.- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay____..____..____...__..--_____..--__... 55 175
Shale ______________________________________________________ 25 200
4-50-7ddd

Sand and gravel---_-___.--_-__-_._.___---____-____-_----_--- 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay______________..____.._________.______. 20 180
Shale _____.________________________._____ 30 210
4-50-8add

Sand and gravel__--___________________-__-_-_______---._____ 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay._________________________________.______ 20 180
Shale ________-----__________________--__._______-___._____ 30 210
4-50-9bbb

Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 100 100
Sandstone and streaks of clay----__-_____-_--__-----_--_---.-- 60 160
Pierre shale:
Shale ---______--._________________________________________ 20 180
BASIC DATA 309
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-10aaa

Sand and gravel-.-__________________________________________ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay..........__.......______i-_........__......______-- 30 120
Shale __..____..__..._______.._____....__.__. 50 170
4-50-10cbb

Sand__....__---._______.______..___________ 210 210
Pier re shale:
Shale __..__..__.________.__________--._____ 50 260
4-50-10daa
i [Surface altitude, 4,332.4 ft]

Sand and gravel_.------__---_-----_--_--_---.-------------_- 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay..____..____________________..__-__----- 20 170
Shale ._________________-----__------ -._ 30 200
4-50-llccc

Sand and gravel......__--__----_----_-_-----_.---_----_----- 145 145
Pierre shale:
Clay.____..__-.______.__-_-----.__.__---.-.-.---. 20 165
Shale -------------____--_---------_--------.-------_------ 30 195
4-50-lldaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-.-.-.--------------------------------------- 185 185
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________.-_______________.__.--.__--.. 25 210
4-50-lldcc

Sand and gravel.--.-------_.._-________..._-_-_-_._--___-_-- 110 110
Sandstone..-.--___-_...-.--.-___-_--__----_---------_------ 50 160
Pierre shale:
Clay.__________________--.____------ 20 180
Shale .----------------.-----.___.____-..- -------- 20 200
___ Table 28. Drillers' lofjs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-12aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.......___.______-______-_______-_-___--___-- 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay.._...._..____..__._____..___._.___----------__------ 10 140
Shale _--_----_-..-.----..._..__-.__-----__-------------- 40 180
4-50-12bbb

Sand and gravel..____________..-.______---____-----_------_- 110 110
Sandstone; contains streaks of clay.--------------------------- 45 155
Pierre shale:
Shale _________________.._____________-__-- 25 180
4-50-12dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---__--__-_--_-___--_--_--_-_----_----------- 100 100
Sand and sandstone.---__---_--___----_---_-_-_-------------- 80 180
Pierre shale:
Shale __--------------__.-_--._--____-__------__----- 20 200
4-50-14ccc

Sand and sandstone..--_____--____-_---_--_--------__--_----- 255 255
Pierre shale:
Shale ---------__.------_.----_------_--__-- ----- ._- 35 290
4-50-15baa

Shale, sandy._______________.__._____ . 90 90
Sand________________________ - --- 120 210
Pierre shale:
Clay__-__-----___________-.._----- -.-- - 10 220
Shale _________________-- 30 250
4-50-15bbb

Sand and gravel..__________-_____---_----_---_----_--------- 160 160
Clay------------------------------------------------------- 60 220
Pierre shale:
Shale __________________----- 30 250
BASIC DATA 311
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-15bcc
[Surface altitude, 4.408.8 ft]

Sand and gravel..---.----------.--..----.-.-..-.--...---..-.- 220 220
Pierre shale:
Clay.--...__...__.__.__.__.._______________... 35 255
4-50-15ccc

Sand..._-_-________--_---_----___-._.--_.__._---_.--___---. 200 200
Pierre shale:
Clay..-.._-...--.._--._.-...--.__.__._..___--__.-___... 30 230
Shale ..____________________._____________ 20 250
4-50-15daa

Sand and gravel------..----..-.----__--_--__-_---------_--.- 230 230
Pierre shale:
Shale -----------------_----_----_---_-----------._---__--. 30 260
4-50-16bbb

Sand and gravel.-...-.-..-.---__--_---___-_-_.-___--_.___.-- 210 210
Rock _-___-_--___---_----_-_----_-----,-__--___-__---___--_ 20 230
Pierre shale:
Shale ______ ____ ___ ______________ __ __ __ ___ 30 260
4-50-16cbb

Sand and gravel..--.---.-_----_.__-_.-_-.._----_.----------- 220 220
Pierre shale:
Clay......__.......__....._____...____..-..--.----.. 10 230
Shale __ . __ ____ ___ __ ______ __ ___ __________ 30 260
4-50-l7abb

Sand....---.......-___.-__.-_.._-...___...-..--..__-____..- 180 180
Pierre shale:
Clay__..__________._______________..__... ... 10 190
Shale -._..-..__..-_..-_....__-...___..._..-._..._..._..- 40 230
Table 28. Drillers' 10<?s of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-17cbb
(Surface altitude, 4,392.4 ft]

Sand and gravel...--_-...._..._.._.._...._--___--__--___.__. 160 160
Clay.--------.__..-_.-.._..___.....___...._._..._._.._.____ 40 200
Pierre shale:
Shale ------.-------.-----.-......_.....----------------..-_ 40 240
4-50-18ccc

Sand and gravel...--_-__-____________________-_--__----_-_-_ 100 100
Sandstone.__..__..__.....__._..____....___..__._.__..__..__ 70 170
Pierre shale:
Shale ..----_...._.----...__.._._.__.._..-.-.-___...__._._. 40 210
4-50-19aaa

Sand and gravel--__-__-__________________-----------____-_-_ 120 120
Sandstone........__________________________________________ 70 190
Pierre shale:
Shale___________ ....................................... 50 240
4-50-19abb

Sand and gravel.._.-_.____.._._...._______._.._._..___._.___ 120 120
Sand rock._.___..____.__...._.__._._..___..__.___.___._.__. 60 180
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________________________________________________ 30 210
4-50-19cdd

Sand and gravel_____-_--_-_______________.-_-_-____-_______- 110 110
Sandstone _-_______-______________________--------_----_--._ 80 190
Pierre shale:
Shale -_-__________-_______________________-._----_--_-_--__ 20 210
4-50-19daa

Sand and gravel____-..__.___________________________________ 190 190
Pierre shale:
Shale -.-__________-_.___________________-----_------_-_---. 30 220
BASIC DATA 313
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-20abb

Sand and gravel---.-------.------.-----------------.-----.- 230 230
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________.._-.________.___.. 35 265
4-50-21ccc

Sand and gravel...---_---------_---------_--------_-----_-- 180 180
Pierre shale:
Clay.__.._____.___________________________ 40 220
Shale ___.________..._______..___.____. 30 250
4-50-22cbb

Sand and gravel._._________________________________________ 250 250
Pierre shale:
Shale ___..._......__.__...._._._.....____._....._..._._._ 50 300
4-50-22ccc

Sand and gravel.------------------------.--------_---.----- 260 260
Pierre shale:
Shale _._......_._........_..._._._._.._.__._.__._...._.._. 30 290
4-50-22ddd

Sand and gravel-------------------------------------------- 280 280
Pierre shale:
Shale __-.-..__.^^^^.______-.____________-. 20 300
4-50-23aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...----------------------------------------- 110 110
Sand and sandstone----------------------------------------- HO 220
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________.-__---_______-___________ 20 240
655012 0-63-21
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-23cdd
Ogallala formation:
Clay.____________.___..____________________ 60 60
Sand and gravel_--____-_--______-_-__-----_-_-------_.__--- 210 270
Pierre shale:
Shale__________________..___________..___... 45 315
4-50-24aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-......._........--..___......-.-.--...._._ 80 80
Shale, sandy-.-.-.__------__-.._-___...-__----..-.---_ 130 210
Pierre shale:
Shale __.._________________..____________ 20 230
4-50-24dcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel---........-...........-.---.-.-----..------ 140 140
Sand______________...._______________________ 80 220
Pierre shale:
Shale __ _______ __ __________ __________ _______ 30 250
4-50-25ddd

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-..__._.__.__._.__....__..._........__._... 80 80
Sand.................____..__...__...__.-._-._____ 120 200
Pierre shale:
Clay..-.-.__.-__.---..-....-.--....__._-....---____.. 10 210
Shale ______________ ___ ______ __ ______ _______ 50 260
4-50-26cbb

Sand and gravel.................._._____.____.____-__--__._ | 230 | 230
Pierre shale:
Clay._______________________________________ 15 245
Shale __________________..._________.....______ 30 275
4-50-26ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand....__.._.-__..__..__.----..-.__..__..--.------_ 180 I 180
Shale, sandy...-....------...._.._-.._-_-------_-----_--_-- 75 | 255
Pierre shale:
Shale__________________________________________| 45 | 300
BASIC DATA 315
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-27ddc

Sand_................._............._.................. 230 230
Pierre shale:
Shale --.-._-_--...._-.-.--...........__.....____. 50 280
4-50-28bcc

Sand and gravel..--.._----------..-....--__----...._.------- 200 200
Pierre shale:
Shale ___ _ . ____ _____. _ ___ ______ _________ 30 230
4-50-29bbb

Sand and gravel-..._...______.---------.-...-.-._--_-- 200 200
Pierre shale:
Shale ..........................____._-.---...____.__- 30 230
4-50-29cbb

Sand.....___.._..______________________ 190 190
Pierre shale:
Shale ___ __________ __. _ ___ _ ___ _____ ___ . 50 240
4-50-29ddd

Sand_________________________._..______ 180 180
Pierre shale:
Clay..._.....__.._____..____.........________ 10 190
Shale ___ ____ _____ ___________ .. _. __ _____ . 50 240
4-50-30ccc

Sand and gravel..._-_--_-_-_--_-_...__._--_-.-___._--__----- 110 110
Sandstone-------.-----_-------------_..-------.----.------- 30 140
Pierre shale:
Shale _ _ ____ __________________________ 50 190
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-31cbb

Sand and gravel___________________________-__--_-_-_-_-_--_ 160 160
Pierre shale:
Shale --.............._................__.-.-----.---...-. 30 190
4-50-31cdd

Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay--....__---_________________________------_--_-___-__ 15 165
Shale _..........______.._._....._._......_.__..__--.______ 30 195
4-50-32cbb

Sand and gravel___________________________--__-___---_--___ 170 170
Pierre shale:
Shale ...-___--__..._._..._.._..____._..__......._..._._.__ 30 200
4-50-32cdd

Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay-.--....._________.________________ 10 160
Shale _________.._._.__.__.____________________________ 50 210
4-50-34cbb

Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 190 190
Pierre shale:
Shale ___.____-.__________________________ 30 220
4-50-34ccc

Sand.--------_---_________________________---_----___---. 170 170
Clay, sandy.----_--_..__._..__.....___..._--_---.----...... 70 240
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________________________-__._--___----.__--. 60 300
BASIC DATA 317
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-50-34cdd

Sand_..._.._....___.........___......_.______._..__.._._... 210 210
Pierre shale:
Shale ________________________________________________________ 50 260
4-50-35bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel....._....._-___..___.____.___._____._.__.___ 190 190
Clay_.__.__..____._____........___________.. 15 205
Pierre shale:
_ Shale __..__.____.____...___.._._...^^^.^^__. 95 300
4-51-lcbb

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 30 30
Clay.__.___.....__.......__--..-______________._ 50 80
Pierre shpTe:
Shale -_--.___._-----.----_----_-_--_----..-----------_----. 70 150
4-51-lccc

Sand.--_-.___._---_-._.-------__----_--..._------__--_------ 40 40
Clay....______..____.._____.____.____---..--.-.-. 35 75
Pierre shale:
Shale ........__.-_-.-__--------------.------..------------ 75 150
4-51-ldaa

Sand.......__...____-.----..--_ ..__. .. 30 30
Clay.__..__...______-..---..__..____..__...___... 65 95
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________.....__. ..__-.-.-..--- ... 55 150
4-51-3add

Gravel............-......-----.-------------.------.-.----- 65 65
Pierre shale:
Shale __-......_--__-----__-..-----.------------------._- 55 120
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-3cbb

Clay....______________________________..____________________ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Shale -_.--_-.-..._.___..._.__.____._....._...__.__.__._._._ 70 120
4-51-3cdd

Clay ._________________________________ 105 105
Pierre shale:
Shale .........__-_.._._________._..______--.___.. 45 150
4-51-4ccc

Sand.-__........._...._.......__.___.___........_.._.__..._ 25 25
Clay. ..__________...__________________ 115 140
Pierre shale:
Shale _________________________ _____ _______ 20 160
4-51-4cdd

Sand.-_-_____-_-_-__-_--.______--_____---_----_---__------. 10 10
Clay..........__.__.___...________._________... 50 60
Pierre shale:
Shale -_-.._.___.......____._.....____...... 90 150
4-51-4ddd

Sand......___._._..___._.._....._____-_.....-.-._-..--_._-. 25 25
Clay_________________________________________. 75 100
Pierre shale:
Shale ......_..__.....___.._......__......._._..__ 50 150
4-51-6daa

Sand and gravel._-___-_._.-_...__.___-_.__----.------_----_. 30 30
Clay......________________________________. 120 150
Pierre shale:
Shale _____ ___ ______ __________ ____________ . 30 180
BASIC DATA 319
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-7baa

Clay.___________________._________________ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Shale ______________..________....____________ 35 85
Limestone,___--____--____-___---____--____-___--_____-____- 2 87
Shale _.-..-.---.---.._---.._-.--..-...._.....--...__... 31 118
Lime stone._---___--__-_-_--__---__---__________-____-____-_ 2 120
Shale ...____1..._.____---._----.--_._--__-.--_.--- 25 145
Lime stone,._-___-____-____-._-_-__----__--___-------------- 2 147
Shale -----_--.._---_-----.-------------_--------------- 3 150
4-51-9cdd

Sand....__.....__-...-.......------__------- 20 20
Clay.................__.....__..____..------..--.- .. 95 115
Pierre shale:
Shale __________________-----__ - 35 150
4-51-10cbb

Sand and gravel.-----.-------------_----_---,--------------- 30 30
Clay__..__-__... -.-- - 90 120
Pierre shale:
Shale _________________---__---. -- - 30 150
4-51-10cdd

Sand._________--... . 30 30
Clay.____.___.________-....---..------.- .- 70 100
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________----- . - 50 150
4-51-10ddd

Sand....-..._-..-._.--.-------------I---.-._--------------- 30 30
Clay__________________----i -. 30 60
Pierre shale:
Shale _____--.__ ---. __------ - - --- 60 120
_____Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued_______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-llabb

Clay...__.__..__.._.__...._.___.._____.__...._._.__.___.._. 100 100
Pier re shale:
Shale ...._________________________________ 50 150
4-51-12baa

Clay and gravel_____________________________________________ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Shale --------_---__-___________________-_______--_________. 80 120
4-51-13abb

Sand____----_-.-________________________-___--_-_____-_-_-. 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________________ 20 90
Shale__...____________________________________ 60 150
4-51-13bbb

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay. _________________________________ 30 90
Shale _________________________________ 60 150
4-51-14abb

Sand______________________________________________________ 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay____________________________________________________ 30 90
Shale ____________________________________ 60 150
4-51-14ccc

Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 50 50
Rock _____________________________________________________ 10 60
Pierre shale:
Clay________._____________________________ 30 90
Shale-_-..__..___________________________________________ 60 150
BASIC DATA 321
Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-14ddd

Sand.......________________________________________________ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay......________.--___________----_____-_-_______-____ 10 140
Shale --_--_-------___-.__-____-------______--_____-._-__- 40 180
4-51-15bbb

Sand_______________________________________________________ 20 20
Clay..__-__-....---_-..___.________...._.__.__--.._- 120 140
Pierre shale:
Shale __ __________ ______ ___________ __ _____ . __ 30 170
4-51-15ccc

Sand and gravel.......______________________________________ 40 40
Clay___________________________._____-.___ . 90 130
Pierre shale:
Shale ________________...____________________. 20 150
4-51-16cdd

Sand and clay.___.-___--__-_-_-___-__-____-_.__-___-_-_-_.-- 120 120
Pierre shale:
Shale _______._______________________________ 30 150
4-51-17cbb
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 30 30
Ogallala formation:
Clay__________..._______________________-__._-- 70 100
Pierre shale:
Shale ___ ____________ __ __ ___ ______ ______ _ __ _ 50 150
4-51-18ccc
Dune sand:
Sand_______________________________________________________ 22 22
Ogallala formation:
Clay....____________ __ __. 56 78
Pierre shale:
Shale __._____...___.______________--._____--_ 52 130
322 " GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
_____Table 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued ____
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-19cdd
Dune sand:
Sand.... __.......__.__.__.__.....----.......__..... 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay __....______..._____________ 35 75
Shale __._...__.......__._..........._................... 75 150
4-51-20bbb
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel............... ______________________________ 25 25
Ogallala formation:
Clay. ___...________________________________ 95 120
Pierre shale:
Shale .._______-..-__________._._____-_--._________--. 30 150
4-51-23baa

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Shale __________________________________________________ 30 120
4-51-24abb
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, indifferentiated:

Sand and gravel________.____________________________________ 135 135
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________________ _.__ 30 165
Shale -__--__-_____-__.___._-_........-..._.-..._.-.__-_____ 35 200
4-51-24ccc

Sand and gravel.--_______._-___--_.-._-----___-----_-----_-_ 140 140
Pierre shale:
Shale ...______________________________.-.-.._.__ 30 170
4-51-24daa

Sand and gravel.____________________________-.___..--_--.___ 180 180
Pierre shale:
Clay.____________________________. 15 195
Shale _________________________________ -. 30 225
BASIC DATA 323
Toble 28. Drillers' loos of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-25baa

Sand and gravel__-._________-____.______.__________________ 160 160
Pierre shale:
Clay____________ __________________________________________ 20 180
Shale _____________________________________________________ 30 210
4-51-25cdd

( ,
Sand ._ ________________________________ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ 25 155
Shale ______________________________________ 25 180
4-51-26dcc

Sand and gravel------_--_----___---_---____-__----_---_---._ 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________.______ 20 130
Shale _____________________________________ 30 160
4-51-27abb

Sand and gravel.---_-_----_-_-__._----__-_.-_--.-__--__._ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________.______ 40 130
Shale _ ___________ ___ _ _______ _ _ ________ 40 170
4-51-27dcc

Sand and gravel--.------. ___-__._________.__--.__-_-_--_. 120 120
Pierre shale:
Clay___.._____.______.____-____-___.--__--_-_ 30 150
Shale ________.___._____________._ .-.--_- 30 180
4-51-27ddd

Sand and gravel.________________-__-_____----_--.__--.--_-- 100 100
Sandstone ___.__-__________-_____-__---_----_--_----------- 20 120
Pierre shale:
Shale _______--.- . 50 170
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoflraph shothoks. and iftils-Continêd
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-28abb

Sand..----_----_--_____-________________________._____.___. 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay. .....______.__.____._____________... 20 120
Shale -----__--__--._-_-_-______________-_____-_____________ 50 170
4-51-28ccc

Sand and gravel..__-..__-___________________________________ 90 90
Pierre shale:
Clay .. ....__...__....... _. .. 30 120
Shale .....___________________________... 40 160
4-51-29abb

Sand and gravel.._._._...__...._._...._.._.._._....._.._..._ 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay.._________._____________._____________. 30 100
Shale -.-------..___.....__.._........._._._._....___....__. 50 150
4-51-29bcc

Sand.______________________________________________________ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay....______________....__________________ 40 80
Shale __ ___ __ .. __ ___ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ______ 70 150
4-51-29ccc

Sand..--...__-.._-......_..._.....-.-.._.-.----.-. ... 50 50
Pierre shale:
Clay..._...-.....-_...._..__.___.-_....-.__-..---_-...--- 30 80
Shale __.._______--._____.._______ -. .. 70 150
4-51-30bcc
Dune sand:
Sand..--.__._......._..-_...--_...---.--__..----_--------. 20 20
Pierre shale:
Clay.____________________________ 50 70
Shale ----..__..___.__-----__-----__---.-----------..-- 80 150
BASIC DATA 325
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-51-31dcc

Sand__......__..___------_-____---..___________.._..____ 20 20
Clay . . ..... .....__..____..... 60 80
Pierre shale:
Shale ........__........__..____________________. 70 150
4-51-33dcc

Sand.................__.-_._..-.....__..._..._...._...... 140 140
Pierre shale:
Clay________.________...____.______..______ 15 155
Shale ______........__.__.............__-....-....-... 45 200
4-51-35cbb

Sand_______.____________.______-.-...__.... 135 135
Pierre shale:
Clay..____...___________-._______-___-....-.. 20 155
Shale __.._....-....-.-------_--------._---------.---.---.- 35 190
4-51-35ccc

Sand and gravel..___---_-__--------_--__---._--------------- 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay________________.___________-...-..-- 20 170
Shale _______.._______----.-------. - 30 200
4-51-36bbb

Sand........______... ... ... - 100 100
Pierre shale:
Shale __________.____--..---__-._. . 50 150
4-51-36dcc

Sand........__.....___.-.-.-.----..-..-.--. ...... 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 45 175
Shale __..______.... ---. 45 220
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-lccc
Dune sand:
Sand . . __-._...___________...________ 35 35
Pierre shale:
Clay...........__--......_..__........................... 20 55
Shale _ ....__________.________.____.__ 95 150
4-52-2baa
Dune sand:
Sand.......__..._.................._.__.._.......-._..... 30 30
Pierre shale:
Clay.......................__............__-----...__... 10 40
Shale .....__.__..__.......__.....-.---..------.-.--.... 110 150
4-52-2ccc
Dune sand:
Sand......................_...__.........___--......_-..... 25 25
Pierre shale:
Clay________________________...______ 35 60
Shale_________________-..--____________. 90 150
4-52-2daa
Dune sand:
Sand___________.._________________________ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay..__....__.___.__........______.............. 20 60
Shale _---...--._---._.-.-...--.-..._--..-_.._------ 60 120
4-52-3ccc
Dune sand:
Sand..........___.......__..._....._....... ----- 10 10
Pierre shale:
Clay-----.-.--.---___---_.-...--.-.-.___...._----.- . 45 55
Shale_____________________.______------ 95 150
4-52-4abb
Dune sand:
Sand..__............__........__......__.._--..-......- 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay--....-._._.____________----------- . 35 75
Shale .____________________ --- 75 150
BASIC DATA 327
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-4ccc
Dune sand:
Sand......_________________________________________________ 20 20
Pierre shale:
Clay......__._________.____ ________..______.__. 20 40
Shale .........__..........._........__........._... 110 150
4-52-5aaa
Dune sand:
Sand_.-........_..-....-_.__........_...._...__._.._......_ 35 35
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________________ 23 58
Shale ..........._......._....._---..._-....-...---... 92 150
4-52-5abb
Dune sand:
Sand.._....._................__..............._..._...._... 18 18
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________________________________ 22 40
Shale ______..__________.._________________ 110 150
4-52-5bbb
Dune sand:
Sand and clay.______________________________________________ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Shale ___ ____ ___ _________ __________._______ 100 150
4-52-6ccc
Dune sand:
Sand and clay_..._..__._.__._.____..___._.___._.__._.__.___. 50 50
Pierre shale:
Shale ____ _______ _____ _____________ _______ 100 150
4-52-7aaa
Dune sand:
Sand____________________.__________..__..__. 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay______.__.______...__.__.______..... .... 30 70
Shale ______________ ___________________________ 80 150
328
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-7ccc
Dune sand:
Sand.--_-_----___-_-__________-_______-_____--_________-__- 20 20
Pierre shale:
Clay..__-_-....___...____..__________________. 20 40
Shale ..--_-.-_-..--.........._.._._..-......-_.-...-._..._- 110 150
4-52-7cdd
Dune sand:
Sand._------.-_--_----__--_____-.._____--_._---_-_.---____- 50 50
Pierre shale:
Clay......__.__--.-..-__-....--..------._..---_---.--.._- 35 85
Shale ..____...._____......__...____..__..____ 65 150
4-52-7daa
Dune sand:
Sand-.-...---_...__-..__......__.._..__-.._.--.-...._-_..._ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Clay._______.._____...____________..__----- 20 70
Shale ___ __ __ .. __ ___ .. __ _ __ ..... ___ __ ______ . 80 150
4-52-8cdd
Dune sand:
Sand.-----------.-.-.__--_......_...__....-.---..---.-... 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay.-....--..._..-._....._._.....---....___...._......._.- 15 75
Shale -._......._........_..---....-........-....__-._...._. 75 150
4-52-9cdd
[Surface altitude,'4,471.4 ft]
Dune sand:
Sand....------_-------..----..._..---.---.--.------.------. 30 30
Pierre shale:
Clay-.-.-.--__.-________________________-..- 30 60
Shale ---------..----...._-__.--...._.-_...._---_..------.- 90 150
4-52-lOccc
Dune sand:
Sand.---_-_----.-----_..--....-........-.....----...--_--._ 25 25
Pierre shale:
Clay_. .--..- ..._______________________..__. 60 85
Shale ___________________._________________. 65 150
BASIC DATA 329
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-llcdd
Dune sand:
Sand__..___._..__._________...____..___....._.__....._____- 28 28
Pierre shale:
Clay...__.....__...-...--..--..-___...--....-.__.... 42 70
Shale .-----.-----.-------.-.-.----._.-__._....._--_.-----. 80 150
4-52-12ccc
Dune sand:
Sand..............__....._____-.___________-_-__-_------- 20 20
Ogallala formation:
Clay._________________...._______________.. 50 70
Sandstone _-__________--___--_-_-_____-_--_------__-_-___-_- 5 75
Pierre shale:
Shale __.....______________..______.__________ 75 150
4-52-13ccc
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel....______._..____.__....._._.______________. 25 25
Pierre shale:
Clay..__.__--.-.___...-....--_.....-.--.-__-----.--.. 40 65
Shale ________________.____________________ 85 150
4-52-14bbc
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel--_-_-----__.--___-.---__-_-_-____-_----.---_ 30 30
Pierre shale:
Clay_____________-__..._____...-.________ 60 90
Shale __ ___ ___ .__ .__ __ __ _____ __ ___ ___ __ .. 60 150
4-52-15ccc
Dune sand:
Sand.-__--...-.-_.------__--____-_-.-_--.-_--._---.-_--...- 30 30
Pierre shale:
Clay._______________-.__________-.__________ 65 95
Shale .....__...__..........____......_______-.__-. 55 150
4-52-16bbb
Dune sand:
Sand-__._______________________--...- . 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay________________..._________ - 25 65
Shale __._______________________..--.- 85 150
655012 O - 63 - 22
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoarapfi shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-19cdd
Dune sand:
Sand...._.............._____________________________________ 45 45
Pierre shale:
Clay. ..____ ...______.. 30 75
Shale .......___----..._____._._......._..._.. 75 150
4-52-20aaa
Dune sand:
Sand.......-...._-......_...._.__........__.........._...._ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay......__.._____.__..................__.....__... 40 80
Shale ......._........_....._....._.---._---........ 70 150
4-52-24cdd
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel...__________________________________________ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ 50 100
Shale -.-.-.._-.-..--.--......._..._.....__..._-...- 50 150
4-52-27aaa
Dune sand:
Sand.________________________________________ 37 37
Pierre shale:
Clay...__....__...__....__.__._____....__.__.. 58 95
Shale ------__________________________________ 55 150
4-52-28baa
Dune sand:
Sand._______________________________.....___- 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay._________________________.---. 35 75
Shale _____________________ . - 75 150
4-52-28ccc
Dune sand:
Sand...______..__..__._____.__.... . .- 12 12
Pierre shale:
Clay____________.____________..... ...... . - 53 65
Shale _____________________. 85 150
BASIC DATA 331
Table 28. Drillers' has of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-52-29ccc
Dune sand:
Sand............___________________________________________ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Clay._________________________________________-.__-__... 10 50
Shale _-----_-___..__-----.--------_.______.______________ 100 150
4-52-32daa
Dune sand:
Sand......_________________________________________________ 45 45
Pierre shale:
Clay._________________________________.___________ 45 90
Shale __.._______............._____________. 60 150
4-52-33ddd
Dune sand:
Sand and gravel.....____-___-____----__-.--______-__--___--- 30 30
Clay....___----------_____________________-__ 140 170
Pierre shale:
Shale __....._________________________________ 30 200
4-52-36cdd
Sanborn formation:
Sand----.-----.----._---.-._---------------.---------__... 30 30
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy..-._----_-_.-.-----_-----_----_---___-__--_.---- 40 70
Pierre shale:
Clay..__.__............__...-._.--.-._-__..___...... 80 150
5-49-2cdd

Gravel-.---.--------.___.__....___.-----------. _.... 162 162
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.___-___-_-__--___-_--___-_-_-.-.--_---------_-- 14 176
Shale, blue ____..-__-__..__.__..________._----__-_.--- 124 300
5-49-3add
Surface..----------.---------------------------.----.-_--.- 4
Gravel and sand..--_--___--___--_--___--_-.-..-___-__- ----- 192 196
Pierre shale:
Clay-.--..--.... ._..__--..__.....___------- ________ 14 210
Shale ___________._____--_-.----. . 10 220
______Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness
(feet)
5-49-4cbb

Gravel_____________________________________________________ 154
Pierre shale:
Clay, blue-yellow ________________--__----_---_--------__-.._ 14
Shale, blue ..._.......___.._._.._----------_----_--------. 12
5-49-5baa
Surface ____________________________________________________ 4
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 145
Pierre shale:
Clay.___._______________._____..___________ 11
Shale-.-......_............_..-_--.----_-..-----__---__ 10
5-49-5bcc
Surface............._..._--._-.__._....._...-.-_.._-.--_--- 4
Gravel -.___.._......._....._.-__-.-----.__.--_-... 109
Pierre shale:
Clay.___________.___.___________.__.__________ 14
Shale___________.___.____.__________ 11
5-49-6baa
Surface.__._._.__...........:...__..._..........-.-....._.- 4
Sand and gravel __.__________________-___--_-_-_---___--_--- 89
Pierre shale:
Clay. .............................___...__...-.-.--.._.. 13
Shale._____..__.____..______--..____.....__ 10
5-49-8baa
Surface-___________________._____.___----__-_____-_--_---_- 4
Sand and gravel _--_-_.-._._._..-.-_---_--__-------.---.--_. 76
Clay__.._____________._______________-.--_-... 15
Sand and gravel _---__--__-____--_-__------_--_-_-__------__ 32
Pierre shale:
Clay..__.__.__.___________..--__._ .... 5
Shale .....__.............____.....__-.----.------.._. 174
BASIC DATA 333
Table .28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-49-8bcc

Gravel____________________________________________________ 97 97
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow---_----_----_------__-________._______________ 28 125
Shale, blue--.-...._...__..---_.-..-........_....__________ 10 135
5-49-10abb

Sand and gravel___-_--------__-_________________________-__ 157 157
Pierre shale: '
Clay, yellow-_-_--__-_--__-_----________-___--_---------.__ 13 170
Shale, blue.__________________...____________ 10 180
5-49-10daa
Surface ___________________________________________________ 4 4
Sand and sandy clay ..______.____._.......__.__._____..___._ 191 195
Pierre shale:
Clay.--.-..........._........-.-_...._.._....__.....__... 15 210
Shale ......__........__..__-.._............__-_._-__._ 10 220
5-49-12cbb

Clay, sandy, and gravel.____________________________________ 162 162
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow and blue..-_.---__-_.___-_____-----_--_---__-__ 33 195
5-49-13abb
[Surface altitude, 4;220 ft]
Surface ...._..._...............,..__.......-..--_--.----.. 4
Sand and gravel.-...---------..-----------._._------------- 81 85
Sand and sandy clay _____________....._____________-__---___ 110 195
Pierre shale:
Clay...__________ .._____.. - 25 220
5-49-13ddd

Sand and gravel-____-___---._-_______-____--__------_--_--- 110 110
Sandstone..___________--___---_-_-__---___-----_---------- 40 150
______Tnble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
Ogallala formation and White River group, undifferentiated Continued

Sand and gravel................_____________________________ 40 190
Pierre shale:
Clay__.........__._____..___......._________.... 20 210
Shale -.--------.-_...__.....__.....__.....__..__.__.. 60 270
5-49-14abb
Surface--_-_-_--________-___._______-__________.__________- 4 4
Sand and gravel.-.--...__..__.._....__.__..___._.__......-__ 196 200
Pierre shale:
Clay.......____________________________---... 20 220
5-49-14dcc

Gravel...-........--..__..._.-..--....._..._......__ .. 192 192
Pierre shale:
Clay... ......-_-___..____.....______ .... .. 13 205
Shale ___ __ _______ _________ __________________ 5 210
5-49-18daa

Sand and gravel....-__.----.-..-._----..__.__....... ... 108 108
Sand and clay.-.---......__--.-___-__.-_._-___--._-------._. 26 134
Pierre shale:
Clay.__......__..__....__...--.._______-..--.-.__ 17 151
Shale __ ______ _________________ __________ ____. 160
5-49-18dcc
Surface-...--.__._-_______...__._....-.._...---._...._----- 4 4
Sand and gravel.._-_____.--_.________.-_._._____-__-__.__--_ 141 145
Pierre shale:
Clay.________.___.....__..____.__.__.________ 15 160
Shale.-..._________________________ .... 10 170
5-49-20baa

Gravel and sandy clay _._..._.._____._...__. . .. 118 118
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.----.--.-.--_-----_-----_-----..----.-.-------- 22 140
Shale, blue __._..____.__.__.__..----.--------.-_- ... 10 150
BASIC DATA 335
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-49-21abb

Gravel and sandy clay ------.__-----_-----.-_.-.___---- ____ 147 147
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow and blue ____-_-.-___-__-___...._..._.___...__.. 18 165
5-49-22baa
Surface _-__.-___.._.._____.__.__..____.__._ _ ______..___... 4 4

Gravel .--_-.-.._..________........._....._._....._.____._. 146 150
Pierre shale:
Clay......__________...____.____..___. __.____ 20 170
Shale ___ ..________._____________ 10 180
5-49-24baa

Gravel and sandy clay _____________________________________ 190 190
Pierre shale:
Clay__.______._____.__._____.__.__.________. 25 215
Shale, blue ..___.._..__..__.._-....__... 10 225
5-49-25baa

Gravel and sandy clay _------_.._--.-_-----____-.._-----..__- 176 176
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-__________________________________________ _. 185
Shale, blue ...____._--..________________.___ 10 195
\
x 5-49-25ddd

Sand and gravel........_.__._..__.._......_._..__.._..._.... 80 80
Sandstone _.--..____.-----.-___.___.._______--___--______.- 80 160
Rock, hard ____..._____-....._____...__..____....____ 20 180
Pierre shale:
Shale ___________________________________________ 50 230
5-49-31bcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___________--____._--____-_____-____-_--_--__ 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay.______________________________ 25 95
Shale .__.____._.-.--..._... _ 55 150
_____Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued________
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-49-31cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..__.________________________-_---_--._______ 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay______._.__.____._......._.._._._________------- 30 130
Shale ----_-_-___-._-......._.._....._..-_---_-------.-....- 40 170
5-49-32bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, and gravel____________-__-__--_--__-----_--__--- 97 97
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow__.-.______._.._.._.._...____-_--___-__-__-___._ 13 110
Shale, blue....__..__..__.____.._....-..---__..__... 10 120
5-49-32cdd
Surface____________________________________________________ 4
Ogallala formation:
Sand____________________._______________. 24 28
Sand and clay _________________________________________ . . _ _ 92 120
Pierre shale:
Clay_______________________________.______ 30 150
Shale __.....__------__-_-.......-__....____.-__..... 10 160
5-49-33bcc

Gravel. -_____._..______.._____._.______..__._..._______.___ 104 104
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.-...--------..--.----..-_.---------_-----.----- 16 120
Shale, blue __.__.......__..__..__.....___....____..-.. 15 135
5-49-33dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay.....................................................
Sand and clay_______.-___.__..___.____________._-_--_-______ 92 100
Pierre shale:
Clay.____________________________________ 52 152
Shale .-.........__..___.._____..__----------.---__.... 160
5-50-lcbb
Clay, sandy._.____..__......__._..._____-__-__---_----_.-._- 45 45
BASIC DATA 337
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5 - 50 - Icbb Continued
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow....____________________________________________ 35 80
Shale, blue __--_--_-----_----___---___--__---___-.____ 25 105
5-50-ldaa

Sand and graveli..________________-__-____-____--___--___---_ 56 56
Rock and rock ledges..---..-._-_____-____-..__--______.____-_ 16 72
Pierre shale:
Clay..__________________________.______. 43 115
Shale __________.-______._..____....____. 23 138
5-50-2abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay.______________________________________________ 20 20
Clay, yellow and brown -_--__---_---_-____-____-___----___--- 70 90
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue ._._---_--.__--------------------_------------- 115 205
5-50-2bcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy-.-...---..---.--.-__---.__---_-.-__._--.__... 20 20
Clay, sticky..__.________________________-.... 78 98
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue --_------_----.-_---_----.--__-_-_--_---_-.------ 22 120
5-50-3abb
Sanborn formation:
Clay, sandy, brown.-._.--_.----._.--..._---..--.-._---_-.--- 40 40
Clay, white...___..___...._...__...__...._.__._..___.._-.. 40 80
Clay, brown and yellow -----_----_-.----_--_-__------_-----_- 40 120
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue-...-----------__----------------------__------ 85 205
5-50-3bcc

Sand, sandy clay, and gravel--------------------------------- 52 52
Clay, yellow..-_._.___..-__.----__--.-----.-------_--------- 55 107
Pierre shale:
Shale _________________----------- - - 20 127
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50-4abb

Sanborn formation:
Clay, brown----_____-_-_--________________--____-.-________ 40 40
Clay, brown and yellow_____________.________________________ 50 90
Clay, green-.... ________________________________________ 30 120
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue..._._.--......._.._..--_......_._... 80 200
5-50-4bcc

Clay, sandy, and ledges of gravel..._-.-_.._.-._----.---_-_-._ 130 130
Pierre shale:
Clay.__..--......__........_.......................... 25 155
Shale, blue....._..._..-..__.__..--...__..__..._......._..._ 25 180
5-50-5baa
Sanborn formation:
Clay, brown.....--..-.___._.-...__.._....--._------_-___-. 95 95
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow...-_-.._-..--..._...___.....-.----.--_-_._-_..- 35 130
Shale, blue..........._...._..__.._._..__...._._.._....._-.. 50 180
5-50-5bcc
Sanborn formation:
Clay, sandy __------.-___-..____....__.--_.-_.-.-.-___..___. 35 35
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and ledges of sandstone ....-..--__-_-----..-____ 75 110.
Pierre shale:
Clay............ .......__.__.....__..................__ 20 130
Shale, blue....._..__-....._............._..._._--._.._._... 20 150
5-50-5dcc

Surface--.---..-._-.--..-._...._...._.......__--..--._-.... 8 8
Gravel and streaks of clay.._.-._.-..._..._...____--.-___-_-_ 108 116
Clay, sandy .-.--.._.-....-._............_-.------_-------.- 16 132
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ 28 160
Shale_____________________________________ 146 306
BASIC DATA 339
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50-6baa

Clay, brown and yellow__--.-__-____._________,._______.___.__ 80 80
Pierre shale:
Clay, green ................................................ 10 90
Shale, blue_________....____._________________________________ 95 185
5-50-7abb
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undiffentiated:

Surface-___________________________________________________ 4 4
Gravel and clay.-__---.--_.-_-________--___--___--_______-__ 121 125
Pierre shale:
Clay...__.___-.._-_,----.--__.._-.__._..__.__.._.___..___ 11 136
Shale _________________________________ 24 160
5-50-7dcc

Clay, sandy, and sandstone.._________________________________ 50 50
Clay and ledges of rock _.-...--__-.__.._.._-____-...---_-... 35 85
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue.________________________________________________ 20 105
5-50-8cbb

Surface ____________________________________________________ 4 4
Sand and gravel; contains strips of clay _______________________ 61 65
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow--_-___--_-_--_----__-___-___----____-___--__-__ 39 104
Shale...__.___..._...._.__.............__............. 23 127
5-50-8cdd
Sanborn and Ogsllala formations, undifferentiated:

Sand, sandstone, and sandy clay __--_--_-.__..._._--.--_.--___ 55 55
Clay, sticky_______..........._............. 45 100
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue____________________________.__ 20 120
5-50-9abb

Surface.-..________.____._--_.__.-__-.__----_.-_-_-__..-__- 4 4
Clay, sandy, and gravel ___________._________.___-___-___---- 161 165
340 j GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
_____Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shothoies, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50 -9abb Continued
Pierre shale:
Clay...._____..________.._________________ 27 192
Shale _--._-.._--....___--_--._-.--__--_---__..-.....---_-. 28 220
5-50-9cbb

Clay, sandy, sandstone, and gravel.._.__..._._.._..____._.__._ 150 150
Pierre shale:
Clay.-. . . .__-.___________--.______-_ 20 170
Shale, blue -__---------_______-_._-____________._.__._______ 25 195
5-50-10baa

Clay, sandy, sand, and ledges of gravel-_--_.--_------_.------- 110 110
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..-__---__-..__.__-----....__-..__..._---._.._.. 15 125
Shale, blue _...__-..___.______..._.___.._._.._...____.__.... 25 150
5-50-llabb

Sand and gravel-.-_-_-_._____-_..___-______._______.__-_--_- 55 55
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._..-_-----.___-.------_._-___-_.__.__-_-_______ 40 95
Shale, blue ______________________________________________- 205 300
5-50-12cbb

Sand and gravel _---__-______.__-..__________.___________-___ 25 25
Clay, sandy, and sandstone ___________________________________ 55 80
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow -__----__---________._____________._______-_____ 12 92
Shale, blue..--_---.__.__-._.__._____-._.-___----._.-__--- 28 120
5-50-12daa
Surface. -..........................^........................ 4 4
Sand and gravel_---_----__--______..-_-_----__--____-__------ 98 102
Pierre shale:
Clay ________________._____________________ _ 13 115
Shale____ _________________________-_-_-_-________.______ 23 138
BASIC DATA 341
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50-13abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel----.-----..-_--_-___---______.______________ 112 112
Pierre shale:
Clay._.____.___.___.__.___.........__.......__.__..... 20 132
Shale ------.------_.----.---.-_--._-_.___...___._........_. 16 148
5-50-13cbb

Sand and gravel-_-__-_-_-_-__--__________-_--_----______-___ 45 45
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow_____________.__________..._.__...........___.._ 30 75
Shale, blue ..-_.-..--__._-_..._.-.--__...._-.._.__-...__--._ 30 105
5-50-14cbb

Sand and sandy clay .__---._-_-_-_-_--._-__----_--_---__---_ 125 125
Pierre shale:
Shale...______________________________________ 23 148
5-50-16abb
Sanborn formation:
Surface__--___-_-__-_-__--__----__-_---_------.-_--_----_-- 4 4
Clay, sandy._____-___-_-__.._--______-__._-__--_-.-___-_-_-_ 61 65
Ogallala formation:
Gravel-----..---------------------------------------------- 26 91
Rock --_--_-.-_-_--_-_--_--_---_--------_----------_----_-- 6 97
Gravel..----------------------_-----------_---_-_---------- 19 116
Pierre shale:
Clay.................___....___...-._...--__----...-__- 19 135
Shale ___________________________________- 25 160
5-50-19abb

Sand and sandy clay-.---___----.---_-_-__----------- ------ 56 56
Pierre shale:
Clay_______.__-----__------- __- . 40 96
Shale ______________________________--_ -- 20 116
5-50-19daa
Surface..-._..._-..-_------_----------_---_-------.-------- 40 40
______Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness
(feet)
5-50-19daa Continued
Sanborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentiated Continued

Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 15
Clay, sandy................................._............... 15
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.--.------................_....-._.--..._....... 53
Shale, blue ...__._---.--................---.__-.-..__... 27
5-50-20baa

Sand and clay..........__.___._._.______._...._.._......... 25
Pierre shale:
Clay ____________________..... ... 21
Shale_____________________ L................... 28
5-50-20cdd

Surface -._._.............................._.-..-.---------- 4
Clay, sandy.........................__.......-..-.--........ 10
Clay.._________________________ - 28
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow....-_----.._-..-._.._-_.-....------------._-..- 21
Shale..____..__._.._____....___________...__ 57
Clay_________________________________________ 16
Shale___________..________________ 170
5-50-21daa

Surface...-.-..-...---....-__._-.-.._-..--..-----.--------- 4
Sand________________________ - 14
Rock and strips of clay -____.__________.__.-_-----__--------- 31
Pierre shale:
Shale ________________________.. 25
5-50-22add

Surface _..__.-.-..--.---._..-_..-.-_---.-.--------- ------ 4
Clay, sandy, and gravel-______________________-_------------- 68
Rock ledges and clay -_.-....._._--...-_---.----------------- 21
Pierre shale:
Shale___________________________- . 23
BASIC DATA 343
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50-23baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy........... -..-.---.__._.-___.-.--..___...__.. 80 80
Pier re shale:
Clay, yellow......._________________________________________ 32 112
Shale, blue. . .... _________.____.__ 23 135
5-50-23cdd
Sahborn and Ogallala formations, undifferentiated:

Surface -____-_.-__-____-__-___--__-___________________-.._ 4 4
Clay, sandy, and sand..___________________________________ 87 91
Pierre shale:
Clay . _ __________ ____ __ 12 103
Shale _______________________________________ 203 306
5-50-24add
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___________________________________________ | 87 87
Pierre shale:
Clay..--_____...____________________-.______... 15 102
Shale____-...-.__.......____.__.__.__....__--.-. 25 127
5-50-24bcc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ | 20 20
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow--.-----------------.--.----_---------_-----.-- 28 48
Shale, blue________________________________ 27 75
5-50-25abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel_-______.__._____._._..____._____..-.--_._ | 28 28
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow .-.._-_._---._._______...--_._._____-_-__---_._ 16 44
Shale, blue__ __. ___..________________..__ 31 75
5-50-25cbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy...-__--__----_--_----__-__--___--_---__-------.I 50 50
Gravel......-._-.....-.-._..-_--....--..-._-----...-----.. I 15 65
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50 -25cbb Continued

Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________. 19 84
Shale, blue--..-.---__--------....-..---______-_^^^^_. 6 90
5-50-31baa

Surface _________________-__-________--__--___-------------- 4 4
Sand and sandy clay ________________________-_-__----------_- 82 86
Pierre shale:
Clay, blue.__.....__..___.-..__..-_.._..._____....-__ 10
Shale .____.....__.__.--....__-.-.__.__...-.--..---- 10 106
5-50-31cbb

Sand and sandy clay _---.-_-----.._---.-.-------------------- 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay, sticky._--__-________--__-____-__--__------------------ 25 125
Shale, blue ___... _ __. 25 150
5-50-31daa

Clay, sandy..______ .____--_.______ _______-__------__---- 20 20
Pierre shale:
Clay__________________________ 15 35
Shale, blue... 40 75
5-50-31dcc

Surface....-------- - ----- ----- - - --------- 4 4
Sand, sandy clay, and clay __________--___-------------------- 80 84
Pierre shale:
Shale ..-_----------__---.----.----------------------------- 22 106
5-50-32ccc

Clay__.__.__.____-----__. -- - - 70 70
Pierre shale:
Shale________________________ 80 150
BASIC DATA 345
Thickness Depth
(feet) (fee
5-50-33cdd

Surface _-_-_______________________._____..__....._........_ 4 4
Sand ...____.--__.___-__.--______________....____. 31 35
Pierre shale:
Clay....______________________________________ 25 60
Shale...........__._-.....-...___.............__..____ 14 74
5-50-33daa

Clay, sandy, and sandstone..___---_____-_--__-__-____--______ 35 35
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._.--___.________________-_____.____..____-__._. 15 50
Shale, blue__......__________.....____..._....___ 25 75
5-50-34cdd

Sand and gravel -___----___-----_-_-_--___---------__-_---_- 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy ___--___-_-----_--------_--.------_-----------_- 18 78
Shale______.___.__________.__.__--_-_.-____.. 72 150
5-50-35baa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy__________---_____----___-----__---_-----_------ 42 42
Sand _________________ . _____________ . ______ 21 63
Pierre shale:
Clay.__._______________.______......____.______ 43 106
Shale________________________.__________.____. 10 116
5-50-35cbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel -_-___---__-__- ___.--_-.__------__ . ._. 45 45
Pierre shale:
Clay._______________________-____.. .- 25 70
Shale____________ __ 50 120
5-50-35cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand __________________.. - 60 60
Pierre shale:
Clay-----------.-----.-----.------------------------------- 30 90
Shale..^__________________. 60 150
655012 O - 63 - 23
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-50-36bab
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy..__________----____-_-_--.____-------_--_--_ 35 35
Sand_._____ --_-_____-________________-__---__---__-__--.__ 26 61
Pierre shale:
Clay...__________--____.___________--___.______.__ 37
Shale-_-----_.___--___-_____--_---__-_----_----_----_---_ 8 106
5-50-36cbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel ______________-__-___--___-._-_-__---__--_ 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay_______________________-.__ _ _ 15 115
Shale _______________...___---.__-___-__ 35 150
5-50-36cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___--___---______-____-------__------------- 115 115
Pierre shale:
Clay.---..__-___-_-_-----___--_----_-_----_-__.__----- 15 130
Shale ____________________________---- 40 170
5-51-labb

Surface---.-----...--.-...--....-----.--.----..------------ 4 4
Sand,sandy clay, and clay___-_____-_--______-____-_____-__-_- 124 128
Pierre shale:
Shale...___..---..---__...-.--_.--.-.._____...... . 20___ 148
5-51-19dcc

Sand....__....-...._-._..-__..____.___.._--._-._._..-. 25 25
Clay__________________________... -. 70 95
Rock, hard_________..____________ .. 2 97
Pierre shale:
Shale .....__...__...__.......___.__.-_._--.. .. 43 140
5-51-20cdd

Clay, sandy......______.___._ -- 35 35
Pierre shale:
Shale_________________..__---.----.-- 115 150
BASIC DATA 347
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-51-21dcd

Sand......_________________________________________________ 30 30
Pier re shale:
Clay-.______.___________________________..__ 35 65
Shale __..__________________________________ 85 150
5-51-29cbb

Clay--.-..__-.-._-___-----__-...........--__.__------ 50 50
Pierre shale:
Shale __.....................__.....____..__....-__.-- 100 150
5-51-29ddd

Sand__________.______..___________________ 105 105
Pierre shale:
Shale...__...__...__....___.........___...__...__ 45 150
5-51-31dcc

Clay....__________________________________. 110 110
Pierre shale:
Shale ........__...._........__.-........-.-__.__.__... 40 150
5-51-32bbb

Clay___...___..____--.-........._____...______.. 70 70
Pierre shale:
Shale __ ______________ __ ___ ______ ____ _______ - 80 150
5-51-32cdd

Sand______________----- _______ 15 15
Clay..________________________________________ 75 90
Pierre shale:
Shale _____________________________________.... 60 150
______Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued_______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-51-33abb

Sand.......--___.-___--____.____.____________-_.__. 40 40
Clay..----..-..--._-.---____._.__-.____._-._--.___. 50 90
Pierre shale:
Shale ----- ___________.___________. 60 150
5-51-33cbb

Sand.._____________________________________________ 30 30
Clay............................................... 60 90
Pierre shale:
Shale ______...____.__.____________... 60 150
5-51-34baa

Sand.....___-.-_......_...._____........-----...__. 30 30
Clay__..____________.....__________... 25 55
Pierre shale:
Shale _.....-......_........_.......--......__-..... 65 120
5-5l-34cbb

Sand.._...._.._......_...._.._......_.._......._... 40 40
Clay............................................... 45 85
Pierre shale:
Shale ______.___.._____________..____... 65 150
5-51-34daa

Sand....__--------..---..-_--._.-----------------. . 30 30
Clay...................... .--..-_...------ --. 60 90
Pierre shale:
Shale ____________________.._______-..-.-. 60 150
5-51-35abb

Sand ________________-___________.--___--------_---- 70 70
Pierre shale:
Clay. __ . ... -._---------.-----_-------.. 25 95
Shale_ ----- ..-...._._..--......- .. . 55 150
BASIC DATA 349
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-51-35ccc

Clay......__._.._...__..__---------._-..._.__.......... 65 65
Pierre shale:
Shale .._______________________---_______ 55 120
5-51-36baa

Clay--.--.......__.......__............______.......__ 70 70
Pierre shale:
Shale..____________.___....__..____________ 50 120
5-52-26abb

Clay....................................................__ 40 40
Pierre shale:
Shale....___.....___.__..--________..____. 110 150
5-52-34cbb

Sand and clay.-----------------------------------------. - 30 30
Pierre shale:
Shale ________..____.__________________.- 90 120
5-52-36aaa

Sand._...._...__...__________-____-___.____________._-_--_- 20 20
Clay.-..._...____..-----.__.__.__....----...-....----- 100 120
Pierre shale:
Shale...______....__..__-.-..__.....____________. 30 150
5-52-36dcc

Sand-----.........-...-....-...-.-.---__-.....----------.- 10 10
Clay..--..............--__-._____.__.........__...... 75 85
Pierre shale:
Shale_............____.__....____.__.....____ 65 150
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
YUMA COUNTY, COLO.
Thickness
(feet)
2-42-34cc
[Well drilled by L. L. Canfield, 1949]
Dune sand:
Sand ----_--__---_----_____.______....___..._.___________-. 11
Ogallala formation:
Hardpan ---_----___.-__-__-______..____..___...___________ 7
Clay. ._...___._____________ 16
Sand, fine -_.--_------..________.___..___._.___.___.___.____ 7
Clay . ._._..__....._..___._......._.. 6
Gravel and sand ___________________________________________ 9
Gravel and clay_._._-_..__..__.__..__...__...___.__..._..__ 4
Gravel, hard, thinly bedded --_----...._..._..__..--_..._._._ 5
Pierre shale:
Shale, yellow _._-.._._._....__._._..__...._.._...._._....._ 4
Shale, black ---.-----..-........_........_....._..__......_ 11
2-44-4cd
[Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil ----------__--__-____._______.___________._..____._.._ 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche ..........__.._.__.__.__..._.____.__.......__.. 8
Clay.. ... _...._._____....___.. 20
Gravel______________________________________________..... 20
Rock ------------..-.-_...__......_._.__................._ 23
Gravel._---_---_____..______.___..._______._______._._..__ 18
Rock -----.---.-__-.--._---....._..........._...._..._..._ 12
Gravel.___.____.._.._____________._._.___...___.______.___ 26
2-47-6bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown; contains a little sand ..__.___...___._.__.__._.._ 100
Sand and gravel............_._____.___._._.___._.__..._._._ 70
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 50
2-48-9bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand..........................__....._._..__._...._._.._.. 410
Pierre shale: '
Shale --------.--........_............_..__._......_...._.. 50
2-48-15dd
[Well drilled by William Schocke, 1950]
Ogallala formation:
Soil and sandy caliche-------------------------------------- 60
BASIC DATA 351
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-48-15dd Continued

Gravel.-_-______---_-..________-________.._.__________.___ 10 70
Sand...___.......______.._._....._...__._......._....___.. 10 80
Silt and gravel; red -_------_--_--_------.____--_.-_-_______ 40 120
Sand.........__..__...................__......__..... 30 150
Gravel.......__..._...._......__............__.......... 10 160
"Formation," white _-.-_-......---_--...._.__--_......._._. 20 180
Sand.........__.............__..................__..... 10 190
Gravel (water-bearing) ---......_--__........_........_..._. 10 200
Silt, red, and gravel...........__--.....__..._........_._._. 30 230
Gravel(water-bearing) _-___-___-_------_________-__--___.__ 10 240
2-48-22ac
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
(No samples)--..---.-____.......---__...._-----........ 200 200
Sand and caliche (water-bearing)__._._..______-......._...__ 3 203
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ .5 203.5
Caliche, clay, and gravel -_______------._______--__--_______ ------- ______
Caliche, soft__...-----_________-_-.-_________----__________ ------- ______
Clay and gravel____________________________________________ _.____- ------
Caliche, soft.....--_-----__-_-_----_.__....._----__-.._.... -.-.___ 213
Clay, very compact....__.__.__._...__......_..._.___..____. 9.5 222.5
Caliche ---______----_---______----_--________---___-______ .5 223
Clay and sand ...----.---___-..---_---_.-.--..-.----.._-... 4 227
Sand, fine, and caliche......._______________________________ 13 240
Clay and sand --_---------_--___------_--.....-----..--._-_ 10 250
Caliche and gravel_-------------_.--_--------_-_____-____-- 4 254
Caliche and sandstone --_--_-_____--_-_________--_-___--____ 1 255
Clay, very compact.------------------------...------_-.--._ 12 267
Clay, heavy, yeUow....-..--_---------.---.--__---.-__----- 10 277
Clay, compact, and sand;contains chipsof shale __--.---..-..-_ 19 296
Caliche, hard.__.--_---_-......-.-_-..........---__......._ 1 297
Clay, sandy........__---......--.--.........----__..____ 13 310
Gravel_---_....._-____-____...-__-..__......________._.__ 2 312
Caliche, hard.__._--_-_.___-_-_-__-____._.___.______-_..___ 8 320
2-48-32ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..--------_----------------_-----------_---. 140 140
Sandstone -------------------------------__.--.------.--.. 80 220
Sand and gravel..-.-.-.-..-....---------.__. ----- .. 30 250
Sandstone.._.--._-------..--..-_----._------_-----------_- 30 280
Pierre shale:
Shale ....______________._________..____ 20 300
______Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoaraph shotholes. and wells Continued________
Thickness
(feet)
3-46-4bd
[Test hole]
Soil______________________...._____________.. 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay, yellow ._-.--.-.----..........-.._._...._......-..__.. 18
Rock, hard _______.....___.._..__.._.._.___..________-___._ 4
Clay ______......__.__._____.._______..__.. 20
Clay and gravel_-_----_--__________-_____-_--___.__--_____- 20
Caliche._....____.........__...._......___..... 28
Gravel (water-bearing)--__-._...__._.-.-_____.________...__ 10
Gravel............._....._.______...._........__......_._. 39
3-47-6ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel......____-.________________________________ 160
Sandstone _..._._.______-__._____.__..____.__________..___._ 130
Pierre shale:
Shale ......__-.............._._..______.__........... 40
3-48-3ddd
Sand and gravel--__..__-.__._-___.._-___------_-------.___-. 120

Sand and sandstone._..._.._____..._..__...__...._____.___... 200
Pierre shale:
Clay__._______________________________________ 15
Shale ..__..____......__..__........_____.....__... 35
3-48-7cdd
Sand and sandstone.._.__.._______.._._______.__.__._._._____ 280

Pierre shale:
Clay. ____ ____________________.___ 10
Shale .-._.-__-.-....._..............._..._....____ 50
3-48-llaaa
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy._--____..-.__--._....__-._...__-___.-_______..__ 20
Sand, gravel, and sandstone __________________________________ 300
Pierre shale:
Shale....___.________________________.___ 40
3-48-13abb

Ogallala formation:
Clay...__......__-_---......__-..----.----.._.__..__ 30
Sand and gravel---__--____-----_--__-___---_------_-_-----_ 40
BASIC DATA 353
Table 2&-^Driners' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells .Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
3-48-13abb Continued

Sand and sandstone----- _____________________________________ 190 260
Pierre shale:
Clay ___________________________________ 15 275
Shale....__..............___.......__.___..__..__. 35 310
3-48-14abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and sandstone.._.........._..-......-...........-.-.__ 280 280
Pierre shale:
Clay . .. ...._________..... ___ 15 295
Shale ..__________......___..__.__.__.....__-.._.. 35 330
3-48-15abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel....._____________________-.-__----____-_____ 110 110
Clay..________________________________________ 170 280
Pierre shale:
Shale___________________________.._____________ 50 330
3-48-16baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and sandstone _________-_____--_--______----._-- 350 350
Pierre shale:
Shale________________________________________ 40 390
3-48-17baa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 160 160
Sandstone ___________________._...____._.--__-___..----___ 85 245
Rock, hard _________________________________________________ 5 250
Sandstone ____-__________________________.__---_-__-__--__-_ 30 280
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ 20 300
Shale __.____.._._..______.....__.____--__-.____. 40 340
3-48-20bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 35 35
Sand, gravel, and sandstone ________-__-__---__--------__-____ 280 315
Pierre shale:
Clay_________________________________________ 20 335
Shale_______________________________----- -.__ 30 365
354 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEX BASIN
______Tofale 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
3-48-30abb

Ogallala formation:
Sand....___..___..__._____.____...__.___..____._____.______ 330
Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 20
Pierre shale:
Shale........__..__..........__....._....__......___... 40
3-48-30ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand______________........__..._...-._.___.._..__..... 340
Pier re shale:
Clay......__._..-......_.____..........__.....__...... 25
Shale __.....__.___................._..__._.........._. 25
3-48-31aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand.-_._._._.._...___.._._..._......._.._......_______.... 360
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy_._.._________.._........._.____..__.___.._._._.. 30
Shale __..__.....____..._._.._.__.....__.....___... 10
Rock(?)_......_____...__........__.........________ 2
Shale ______ ______ _______________ _____________ 8
4-44-18db
[Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil __ __________ __ __________________ ______ . 2
Sand.-__.....__.._...._..___.._...._...___.__..._._._.._... 18
Ogallala formation:
Caliche....__._..____.__...._..._..._.._...._.__._._.__.... 15
Gravel..____._..__..____..__.._ ___________________________ 6
Rock ...........__...__.._..___.__.....__.....____.._ 8
Sand and gravel....._______._____.___._-___.-.._.___.__._._ 11
Clay_____..__.__._________.___________________ 12
Rock ----___.___-.-.__..-.._...__.._.-_--.-_--..._--.___.-_ 5
Clay_________________________________________. 8
Gravel...._..___._.._.__________..______.__.__.__...___._.. 25
4-44-36cba
Dune sand:
Sand_______________.____.__..-..--.-.._ . 11
Ogallala formation:
Clay_______________________.. ... . 2
Sand._...._...__._-_..__._____._..__--._____------_-------. 5
BASIC DATA 355
Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells-Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-44-36cba Continued

Clay and sand________________________._____________________ 3 21
Sand...........___..........._...__.__......____.._._ 3 24
Clay __...__.__..______.._______.._______ 4 28
Sand...__........__..__..-_................._.......__ 5 33
Clay.___...__._________________....__...___ 5 38
Sand and gravel; loose--.---.---.-_--._-_-_-_.-_--__--._.-.- 6 44
Gravel and sand........_-_.._--__....__.._...__.__....._.._ 10 54
Clay.....__..............__..................__........ 1 55
Gravel, cemented __________________________________________ 3 58
Clay __..._____._____..__.....______.._____ 12 70
Clay, sand, and gravel; cemented ..__.._._____.__..._._..._.. 5 75
Gravel.._....._...._..._._.............._.._.__.._.......- 3 78
Sand and gravel-_------_----__--_1._._.__.______.___.___.__ 3 81
Clay...........__..........................___..__.... 3 84
Sand, dirty,loose..-----.._.----.----.....-...-....-__...-_. 8 92
Sand, gravel, and clay.........._..._........_......._...__.. 8 100
4-45-l4cc
[Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil..-..........-...--.-..--.....-....__.....__......... 2 2
Sand, white ._._.._.__....__.__._..._...__..__.-------.-.-- 20 22
Ogallala formation:
Gumbo, black.._...___.........________._____-.____--.__-._ 5 27
Sand, white (water-bearing)...--____--___-____-_--__---_---_- 15 42
Shale(?), blue...__..._______________.__-......- 10 52
Rock.________.______....__..._________.__- 20 72
Gravel._________..________.--_.....______... 20 92
Gravel (water) ..._____.......__._____. .--. .. 28 120
4-46-31cdd

Sand and gravel.._____._______.__-----__ -- 290 290
Pierre shale:
Shale, black _________________________----- 10 300
4-47-26abd
Soil.__.----..--..__.__...__..-.....-.----_---.-.----- 4 4
Ogallala formation:
Clay.____....__..........__...... . -. -- 6 10
Caliche, clayey, hard, white-__--_.---------------_-----.---- 7 17
Gravel and rocks.--_------.----.--------------------------- 19 36
Clay...._-..._---.------.--.-.------..--------..- ----- 8 44
Clay and sand._____----- 13 57
Sandstone and clay..____.__._-_.---.-____--.--.--.-.--_----- 4 61
Sand.....__-.._--------------------._--------------------- 5 66
Table 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shothoies. and wells- Continv.d
Thickness
(feet)
4-47-26abd Continued

Sandstone, sand, and clay______-____________.__.___.___-__-_- 7
Clay and sand.-..-.._______------_-_-__---___-___,.__._-_--- 8
Sand to fine gravel, loose _---_---_-_-_-_-_---_-__--_.- ------ 13
Clay; interbedded with sandstone _-__________-_____-.___-.-_-- 7
Sand and clay; interbedded with thin strips of sandstone.-------- 12
Gravel and sand; loose._________________________________ -___ 15
Clay and sand; interbedded with thin strips of sandstone.-------- 20
Sand, gravel, and clay; contains some sandstone..-------------- 17
Gravel and sand_.__-_-____.___._.__.._.___.._....__.___-.._ 5
Sandstone, sand, and clay.__________________________ _________ 11
Sand and clay_______._._____________________ ________--..-- 5
Gravel and sand _____________________________________________ 4
Sandstone ___________________________________________________ 6
Gravel _----_.__-.._..._._ ._..___.__..._-_.._....___------ 3
Gravel and clay.--_______________________-_--___-___-__-_-__ 2
Clay and sand ______________________________________________ 4
Sand --_-----------_______.-----_-_---.---__-_-----__--.--- 5
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 2.5
Gravel and sand (water)_____________________________________ 10
Clay; interbedded with thin strips of gravel and sand .--.__----- 6.5
Sandstone, hard ____________-_______________--_------.------ 2
Clay; interbedded with thin strips of gravel and sand ___-_.--_._ 3
Sandstone, soft _____________________________-____----_--_-_- 6
Sand, loose --._____ .____________-___-__-___--__-_-_-__--__- 9
Sandstone, hard -__-__-_____-_---___-----_----___-__-_------ 2
Sandstone, hard to soft__-_-_---_--_--_---__--_---__--------- 6
Sandstone, soft, and sand; contains pebbles..---..-- _.-__.----- 6
Clay, soft..-..__.......____.._____._-_--------------- .. 10.5
Clay; contains some gravel and sand ...___-_.--_----_------ 1.5
Gravel, coarse, loose.________-_______------__.--_-_-------- 4
Sandstone; contains a little gravel and sand____________________ 2
Clay and sandstone ___.-_.___-------___---_----------------- 4
Gravel and sand; fairly loose.----------------..---------- - 10
Pier re shale:
Clay, yellow...__._.__.....____.____.__--_----_-___-_-----.. 5
4-48-4baa

Sand and gravel .___---_-____---_----_-__-_--------_-------- 75
Clay, sandy _______________________ - 30
Sand and gravel _._______________-.______--______----------- 185
Pierre shale:
Clay, chalky._________ 10
4-48-5ddd
Sand and gravel ____________-______------------------------- 285
Pierre shale:
Clay, green ___.___-_____-__------_-.-_--------------------- 15
BASIC DATA 357
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and if ells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-48-6ddd

Gravel----..--.-.....____-_.-__________...........__... 20 20
Clay, sandy.............______,_______..._____..___.________ 20 40
Sand and gravel...._________________________________________ 210 250
Pierre shale:
Shale .....__ __....___...________._____.____ 50 300
4-48-7bbb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel._.._.___.._--__..._---._-___.._.-__..._.-.__ 150 150
Clay, sandy.......__________________________________________ 105 255
Pierre shale:
Shale ________________________._______... 25 280
4-48-7cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay.....---_---__-_---_------..-----_-----.-----.- 50 50
Sand and gravel.....---..---_----._---...---.--------------- 80 130
Sandstone........_.___-..---------_-----.--------..-------- 55 185
Sand and gravel.......---.._-.---_-.-.--------.----.------ 85 270
Pierre shale:
Clay._-._.-__....--__._....---_---.-.-.--------------.---.- 10 280
Shale.-...____________-.--____------ 20 300
4-48-l4ccc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy...__________.._____________--__ - 30 30
Sandstone and gravel..___._--.-_____.._-.__--.---.-_-_-_-.._ 240 270
Pierre shale:
Clay....---..-.-.__.---.-----.--- . -.----...... . 20 290
Shale _____.__________..._.__----- - 10 300
4-48-16ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.-__--_.-._---------------------------------- 145 145
Sandstone _________..__________--- -- 100 245
Rock, hard ..---._------_---.----.--------- ----- --- 5 250
Pierre shale:
Shale ._._...____._.__-_.-.------ - 50 300
Table 28.-" Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-48-17abb
Ogallala formation:
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 30 30
'Clay, sandy._-__-__,____________.__________-_______._..--____ 35 65
Sand and gravel........_________...____.______________-.__.._ 200 265
Pierre shale:
Shale _._._______...__._______..____________ 35 300
4-48-19aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.........._.......__..._.--_--_--.--_-------_ 270 270
Pierre shale:
Shale ................................-.----_---.-..-----__ 30 300
4-48-19cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..__......._.___.._...._...-____.____.__.--__ 140 140
Sandstone -_-__-__----_----__---___--_-----_-----_-------..-- 70 210
Gravel....-------....__..--.__.-__-----__-------------- 30 240
Pierre shale:
Shale .--......._..-.._.......-_..-.......---.._.-_-------.- 60 300
4-48-24dcc
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy..-.----......-----__...._------------.--------- 70 70
Gravel and clay...-__----__.---_--...--_-.------------------ 50 120
Sand and gravel----_______--_-.-___---_-___----------------_ 165 285
Pierre shale:
Clay......________.____.________-- 12 297
Shale __..__-------____.__.__-------- ___3_ 300
4-48-25ddd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel...__...____--_--.__--_---.------------------ 280 280
Pierre shale:
Shale......____....._________. -.. 20 300
4-48-28abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..--_____._--_______--_--_-_._-_------------- 225 225
Clay, sandy.____---_--_-___--------------------------------- 60 285
BASIC DATA 359
Table 28. * Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-48 -2 8abb Continued
Pierre shale:
Shale ....__...__.__.....____-.-.........._ 15 300
4-48-29abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.._.-__...__..-_-.._____-.______._ 255 255
Pierre shale:
Shale .-.-..-.---.__.__....__..__..__^^... 45 300
4-48-30ccc
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, and sandy clay____..._._--_..-_.-_... 30 30
Clay..........-..--.-....--.---....-.-.....----. 220 250
Pierre shale:
Shale __..-.--_.--.---....---.-..- ---------- 30 280
4-48-31aaa
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel-__-----_-_-__--_-__-_--__----_---, 80 80
Rock, hard __-_--------__--.---_-_--------------- 5 85
Sand and gravel___-_-.___-__---___-__-_______-.__ 190 275
Pierre shale:
Clay......._--------._._._...........----.---... 5 280
Shale __ ___ ___ __________ ____________ 20 300
4-48-31cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel; contains broken sandstone ______.._, 285 285
Pierre shale:
Shale _____________--_____--___-.-------__------- 30 315
4-48-32cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..---__-_---__-__--------__------- 265 265
Pierre shale:
Shale.....____.____...__ . ........ 35 300
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
4-48-34cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel____-_________-___________________-_-------- 280 280
Pierre shale:
Shale__________________...._______..__.-----. 20 300
4-48-36cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.....__.......__....-.-._--_---.----.----- 285 285
Pierre shale:
Shale __-____---_-_-_---_-----_--_------------------------- 15 300
5-43-24abb
Dune sand:
Sand..___________......___...___.......... 32 32
Ogallala formation:
Sand, coarse, gravelly.____--.-_--_--_---------------------- 5 37
Sand, fine, cemented with calcium carbonate; contains
solution cavities--------.-.---------------------------- 20 57
Clay....-.....--..-.....--.__.._.....---_-.---.----- 27 84
(No sample)__-_____.--____---___--_--_-------------------- 3 87
Sand, coarse; contains pieces of calcium carbonate with
embedded sand grains ___.____-_-_-----__---_----------- 6 93
Rock, calcareous; contains embedded sand grains .-_--__-----. 14 107
Clay, calcareous; contains fine sand ___.-_-__-__------__----- 10 117
Gravel; particles coated by calcium carbonate----------------- 8 125
Caliche, sandy...--- -- 52 177
Gravel.-__.__-----______.... --------- ------- 7 184
Clay, brown, with stringer of caliche.-.----..---------------- 13 197
Gravel..-..-__------__--------___-____--..------------- 20 217
Caliche, sandy.-.....-__ __.- --- -- 7 224
Gravel..-.______--__________----- 11 235
Clay,tan; contains fossil seeds..---------------------------- 5 240
Gravel and coarse sand .._____________-__----_-----_------- 9 249
Gravel__--------_________.----.---.-..-------- ---- 11 260
5-46-1
\
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
Clay, red, and gravel..------------------------------------- 15° 15°
Clay, soft, red______________----- 50 200
Gravel, coarse.._________________.___---------------------- 10 210
Clay........---- - -- - - -- -- --- 21 231
Gravel, coarse (water-bearing)._______-----_---------------- 18 249
BASIC DATA 361
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-48-4daa

Gravel..___________________________....___......____.___ 60 60
Clay, sandy, and gravel_____________________________________ 132 192
Pierre shale:
Clay ___________________________ 18 210
5-48-5aaa

Sand, gravel, and sandy clay _-____._-_-__-___--_--_______-.__ 172 172
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow________________-____--_.___________________.._ 18 190
Shale --_________-______._________________ 20 210
5-48-6cbb
Ogallala formation and White River group, undiffentiated:

Gravel and sand.____________________________________________ 152 152
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..-.._-------__-_---.-.--------__-__._-. 21 173
Shale, blue _______________________________ 180
5-48-6daa
Soil...__-__-___-___--._______-__---__.__---_.___- 4
Sand and gravel__.-_._----_--_--__--__-__-.__--__-_----_---- 171 175
Rock________________________________---. _ 26 201
Pierre shale:
Shale _____ __---. __- 19 220
5-48-7bcc
Soil..._____---.___-..-__________--_-__.--___--- 4 4
Gravel______________________________________ 183 187
Pierre shale:
Clay_______ ________________-______.---_._-- 23 210
Shale _______ -_ -. 10 220
5-48-8cbb

Gravel__.___------- 60 60
Sand sandy clay, and _____ ___.-__-_____-___-------___-_---- 112 172
Sand and sandstone _______ _ . ______.-.___--_-------_--_- 24 196
655012 O - 63 - 24
362 GROUND- WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASIN
______Toble 28. ^Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
5-48-9baa
Soil...............__..---....._..._...........__._...__ 4
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 156
Clay..............................__.........__.__.... 15
Sand _----_...-.-.._..-....-.......__.._......._---.-...... 25
Pierre shale:
Clay, chalky..-........_......._......._..._.......__-..... 10
Clay, blue _-_-._.._........_......___..._..__.____.--....__ 10
Shale...._...._.._.......____.._..._.._......-.._. . .__... 20
5-48-10baa
Soil____.__..___..._____.._____________..__ 4
Sand and gravel__________________________-_--__---_---___-- 192
Pierre shale:
Chalk(?)__.______---._..--..__--.- ---. 8
Clay__________-.--.______..____.__- ----- 26
5-48-15abb
Soil__---.---.______-.--.-..___... . - -- 4
Gravel_____.____.___.___________-.____.___---_------------ 26
Clay, sandy......_.-..-.-------_------_------------------.- 12
Sand and sandy clay ---------------------------------------- 178
Pierre shale:
Chalk(?) and blue clay...____..____. -- 40
Shale __--------____.__.... -. -- 23
5-48-16abb

Gravel_._..._.__..._....__..._...__...___---__-----_._---. 40
Gravel and sandy clay..-..-.-...-.--.---------.-----------.- 160
Sandstone .___-__._--_-_-__--_----_---__--__--------------- 10
Pierre shale:
Clay, sandy_.....__.._._..-_._-__-____--_-.-_-------------. 70
Shale .____..__----..-_____..__----- ----- 20
5-48-19cbb

Gravel and sandy clay..________-____-_-..__-_--------------- 220
Pierre shale:
Clay------------------------------------------------------ 15
Shale, blue .---...----------.------------------------------ 5
BASIC DATA 363
Table 28. Drillers' loos of test holes, seismoaraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-48-2lbbb

Sand and gravel.......-___-__-____.___-___-___--___-____-__. 90 90
Clay, sandy....-.__--__--____-___-..________________________ 20 110
Sand and gravel...........__________________________________ 65 175
Pierre shale:
Clay..............................__.....__--...-_...-... 63 238
Shale __...........__.......__-...--.--_..--_...-..-_...- 52 290
5-48-2lcdd

Sand and gravel......___-_-._.______...____.__....___.__.._. 90 90
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 60 150
Sand and gravel..______--___-___--____________..___-__._.___ 105 255
Rock, hard...........__.................__.....__--.-.. 5 260
Pierre shale:
Clay, blue..........,..........................._........... 20 280
Shale, black._.-..-...__.....__..__.............__...... 20 300
5-48-30add

Sand, gravel, and sandy clay......._..-_......._-..._-..--.._. 226 226
Rock..-_--.._.....-..__..........._....................... 11 237
Pierre shale:
Shale, blue _____________....________...______ 18 255
CHASE COUNTY, NEBR.
5-37-4b
[Test hole]

(No sample).-.---.-.----_---.--.-..------------.-------.--- 20 20
Silt--..----.__---...------.--..---...--.------_------.--_ 3 23
Shale, black; contains leaves and shells(?)_-.-....._---_.-._-.- 10 33
Gravel, very fine to very coarse.---__-._-.____.-__----_------ 32 65
Clay, red _______..____.._____...______________ 10 75
Ogallala(?) formation:
Rock, medium hard(?)._..__.................--..-_.-.--..-- 20 95
Gravel, very fine, clean, red..._...-_-_.----_--__--..-._--.-._ 22 117
5-38-3bba
[Test hole drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1942. Surface altitude, 3,182.4 ft]
Dune sand:
Sand--.--....-..................-_.......-....._..-........ 10 10
Sand, fine ...--......---...-.._.-.--_...._..._..---..--.---. 24 34
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-38-3bba Continued
Dune sand Continued

Sand..__._____--____-_.__...___---_..__--_-_-__.- 4 38
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..__..........__.....__.....__.-.--.__. 20 58
Lime---.-..--..-_--.__-----__-.__.__-------- --- 38 96
5-38-3bdbl
[Test hole drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1942. Surface altitude, 3,193.5ft]
Tertiary to Recent ueposits, undifferentiated:

Sand......__...-..._.--...-..-_..-_.............-__...- 58 58
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel.___________._.._________-___---._._--_---- 3.6 61.6
Lime, sandy, soft ..-.._____.__..__.._.----____--__- 12.4 74
Sand and gravel..__-__________________-___-_----__-------- 15.5 89.5
Lime, soft __-....-._......_.........-____.__-------- 0.5 90
Lime, sandy, soft ..-_......._...__.....--.-_--_---------- 20 110
Lime, soft ..___._.--_..-__-_.........-_.__-__--__-------- 5 115
5-38-3bdb2
[teat hole drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1942. Surface altitude, 3,136.6 ft]
Alluviuxn(?):
Sand, fine _..--....--........_...__.....-.._-----_-------_ 6 6
Sand and large gravel ...----..-.....--....-__._-...._..._. 2 8
No sample...-__.___.._._.__.._._..__._....._...._...._._. 2.5 10.5
Mud, black...__..__.__..._______....._______. 7.5 18
Sand, fine..._-_..._....__..__...._.__.._..__-..___-..-._- 9 27
Sandstone, soft ____--_-____-______._____-___-__-_-___.___- 33 60
Clay, brown......__..__._._.........__.....__..-----_. 13 73
Sandstone, soft __________________.___________--._--_-_-__- 7 80
Clay, sandy, light _______________________________ 3 83
Limestone, soft......._..._....__.__._...__.....__..___... 6 89
Sand and gravel.._.._..__._._..._........._..___.__....... 44.4 133.4
Sandstone, soft._._.._._.__.._..........__.........._._.. 16.6 150
5-38-3bdc
Soil.._______________________.______________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Lime, soft....._...__......__......_....___.-_.....-..._ 3 5
Clay, brown._...__.._____...._......__.._...._.._.__.__.. 7 12
Lime, soft ..._-...___..._._._.._.__..._..........._...._. 3.3 15.3
Clay, brown ______________________________________________ 10.3 25.6
Lime, soft ...__..__........._..........._.__....__.... 4.4 30
Limestone________________________________________________ 10 40
Lime, very soft____..___.___...__._......_____..._._....._ 10 50
Lime, soft _______________________________________________ 20 70
Conglomerate.-..__.--____._...______.___-___-___..---____ 8 78
Clay, brown .__ _....._....__._.____-.__...--...._--__.. 2 80
Lime, soft .._.--...--_______._____.._...._...____.______. 7 87
BASIC DATA 365
Table 28. > Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-38-3bdc Continued

Clay, brown._____..__._.__, 91
Lime, soft _________________ 97
Clay, brown________________ 100
5-38-4dba
[Irrigation well drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1953]
Ogallala formation:
Soil, sandy.___--__-_--__-___---_______--_--__--_---__------ 5 5
Sand, fine.._________..____________________- 25 30
Caliche, soft.._____________________._ 11 41
Sand, fine..__________________.________.- 6 47
Rock and sand..-_..-_-.___-__.__.__._______-...-_-__-_--__. 3 50
Rock, brown .-.-_.--_----____.._-_._-_.----------------.--- 7 57
Sand, fine----......_.._...-.-....--._..----_--- 8 65
Gravel ._______________________________----- 5 70
Rock, brown ______.- ______....-- 24 94
Sandstone, hard -------___-___-_.-------__-__-..__..____ 2 96
Rock-____________________..___.__________- 3 99
Sand....__________________.______._______ 61 160
5-38-19c
[Test hole. Surface altitude, 3,313 ft]
Soil___________---------__--------- 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche and clay; hard ..__-________--_-_______---_----___--- 5 8
Sandstone.------.-----------_-.-_-_-_-----_---------------- 4 12
Caliche, hard _______-_______ - 16 28
Sandstone, red -.--__--___--_.--___.---_-___----------_----- 7 35
Sandstone, soft, red_--__-_-___-_-__---_-_-_-_-____---------- 4 39
Caliche, hard _______._____________-______- 11 50
Sand, fine, red__------------.-__--------------_---.-------- 9 59
Caliche, soft.-__-.__.-_:-...__--...-______.--------. 3 62
Sand, fine, red .._--_----..-..-_------__-.-__----._ 4 66
Clay, brown...__.__.__..-.___-__--_.-------- -- 1 67
Gravel, very fine to medium -..____--_.__--__._---_---___---- 3 70
Caliche, hard ._____________________ 8 78
Sand, fine, red .-_--_--_-._-__.__--..___------------ 2 80
Clay and caliche..____-...______________._ 27 107
Sandstone, hard, white.-.-.--.______-_____._-_--__--__------- 7 114
Sandstone, medium-hard, white__-_---_-.----___--_----------- 1 115
Sandstone, hard, white._---.--.____----____..._.-.___ 2 117
Sandstone, medium-hard, white__-__---._ ..................... 15 132
Sandstone, soft, white.-----...._.._____----- .. 4 136
Gravel, fine to medium, loose _______________________________ 3 139
Clay, gray------__-__------__-.-__--.__.__.__.__.--. 9 148
Sand, fine___________...________________*_ 4 152
Gravel, fine..----------------.....-..___._._.-_.-__-._----- 5 157
Clay, light-colored __________ ________ _______ ____ 1 158
Clay, brown, and fine sand___..___-__.__.__.____...._.-_____- 3 161
Sandstone, medium-hard -____.__...___-__.-__-__-----.-- . 1 162
Caliche and clay; light-colored__________. .- 10 172
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-38-19c Continued
Sand, fine, red______________________________________________ 7 179
Sand, fine..._______________________________________________ 4 183
Sandstone ----------__-_____________________________________ 2 185
Sand, fine, red----__________________________________________ 12 197
Gravel, very fine.___________________________________________ 2 199
Sand, fine, red...___________________________________________ 4 203
Sandstone, medium-hard.. ___________________________________ 2 205
Sand, fine, red______________________________________________ 5 210
Sandstone, medium-hard_____________________________________ 5 215
Sandstone, very hard________________________________________ 2 217
5-38-27bbb
[Oil-test well drilled by Stanolind Oil and Gas Co. Surface altitude, 3,390 ft]
(No sample)__--_.__________________________________________ 470 470

Pier re shale:
Shale....__________________________________________________ ______ 470
5-39-llc
[Test hole. Surface altitude, 3,342 ft]

Soil and clay _______________________________________________ 3 8
Ogallala formation:
Rock, fine-grained, white_.________._________________________ 3 16
Rock, soft, brown.__________________________________________ 3 24
Rock, hard, white.__________________________________________ i 25
Rock, fine-grained, and fine sand --_----.--_-.____.__________ 4 29
Rock, hard__._--___________._______________________________ i 30
Limestone, clay, and sand --__---.--_________________________ 5 35
Limestone, clay, and sand; red_______________________________ 10 45
Limestone, clay, and sand; light-colored______________________ 12 57
Sand,loose__.________________________________________ 3 60
Sand, clay, and limestone........____________________________ 3 g3
Rock, soft, chalky, white..____.________...___._..____________ 5 68
Rock, hard_____.___________________________________________ 3 7}
Rock, soft, chalky, white_________________..._____..__________ n 32
Gravel, fine to medium...........___________________________ 4 sg
Gravel, very fine--.------_._____________________________... 10 96
Sand, fine, red...___.____________..._.__._..._______________ 3 99
Gravel, fine______________________._________________________ 7 IQQ
Rock, chalky, white _________________________________________ _i 117
Sand, fine, red _____________________________________________ 2 119
Rock, white ------.._______________________________________ 7 126
Rock, hard, white...________________________________________ i 127
Rock, soft, white --__-_-._____..______.._...________________ 2 129
Rock, hard, white...________________________________________ 9 133
Sandstone, very hard..______________________________________ 2 140
Gravel, very fine ---_---.-__.._____.____....._______________ 3 143
Sandstone, very hard.....___________________________________ 4 147
Rock, soft ---------_-__--._.___________..____...___________ 2 149
Gravel, very fine ___________________________________________ 6 155
Gravel, fme to medium______________._______________________ 7 ig2
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 2 164
BASIC DATA 367
Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-39-lie Continued

Sandstone, medium-hard._._-______.__..___..____._.___...__ 8 172
Sand, fine..__.....__ ...__.....____.__._.......__. 10 182
Gravel, fine.---..........-.-........_.......-__._...._._. 1 183
Sandstone, medium-hard.__-_...........__.._..._..._...___. 4 187
Sandstone, hard_______________.____________________________ 3 190
Sandstone, soft ____.__.___..._._________._._________.______ 10 200
5-39-12c
[Test hole]
Soil....__.____...._._______.___._....._...___._._._._... 6 6
Ogallala formation:
Sand_.____.._____..._______.___._____________._._______.__ 2 8
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 12 20
Sand; contains a little white rock; loose _______________________ 4 24
Sandstone, hard_...__________.__.._._.____..___.___.__.____ 4 28
Caliche and sand; hard__-_._-_______._______ ________________ 3 31
Sand and caliche; loose._____________________________________ 34 65
Sand ..__......__________..__.....____.__..__ 2 67
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 15 82
Rock, hard ________________________________________________ 3 85
Sandstone and caliche--------_-__.---.-_______-_____________ 15 100
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 2 102
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 4 106
Sandstone, hard....__._____._______________________________ 7 113
Rock, white.._--._.________________________________________ 22 135
Rock, hard, white...________________________________________ 2 137
Sandstone, soft_____________________________________________ 12 149
Gravel, fine._______________________________________________ 1 150
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 10 160
Sandstone, white......._____________________________________ 17 177
Sand, very coarse, loose ____________________________________ 3 180
Sandstone, soft, red ________________________________________ 7 187
Rock, hard, red ____________________________________________ 3 190
Rock, soft, red_____________________________________________ 1 191
Rock, hard, red ____________________________________________ 2 193
Rock, soft, red.....________________________________________ 1 194
Rock, soft, white ___________________________________________ 12 206
Sandstone. _________________________________________________ l 207
Clay, red, and fine sand; soft ________________________________ 12 219
Sandstone._________________________________________________ l 220
Sandstone, soft _____________________________________________ l 221
Sandstone, white.....__..___..._.__..______________.___.___. 17 238
Gravel, very fine,loose_._-.-___.______.........___.._____. 7 245
Gravel, fine,loose._________________________________________ 6 251
Rock, chalky, white..._._____.______________________________ 7 258
Gravel, very fine, loose....______......_._.___..______._._.. 8 266
Rock, chalky, white.________________________________________ 4 270
5-39-35b
[Test hole drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1952]

Soil, dark_______.__________________________________________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay ... __________________,__..._____._..____ 6 8
Thickness,
(feet)
5-39-35b Continued

Sand, fine__________________________________________________ 2
Clay, green ______-________-_____--_--____---___-__--------- 5
Sand, very fine, compacted __________________________________ 2
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 2
Clay, yellow_-_--________-_________________--_-_-_-------__- 7
Sand, fine_________________________________-_______-_--__-__ 6
Caliche, medium-soft .--___-___._____.___..-_____.__------_- 3
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 3
Gravel -_.._.-_..._._._.___._.._._.._._...._......-.-._._.. 1
Sand; contains streaks of clay ________________________________ 6
Clay, sand3______________________________---__-_----------- 5
Caliche, medium-soft ..___-________--________._____---_---__ 21
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 4
Clay. .... . 1
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 2
Gravel; contains a little hard rock-_____.___--------_------__- 1
Caliche, hard _____________________________________________ 2
Sand, fine__________________________________ .. 4
Clay, sandy._____ ______ ______ ____________.-_--_-_____ 11
Caliche, medium-soft ______________________________________ 14
Caliche, medium-hard; contains traces of sand ________________ 19
Sandstone _____________________ _ ___________________________ 7
Gravel, medium to coarse ___________________________________ 18
Clay ___ ____________________________ 1
Sand, medium, and gravel ___________________________________ 2.5
Caliche, very hard______________________________ __________ 1.5
Sandstone and gravel______._______________________________ 6
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 6
Caliche, very hard__________________________________________ 4
Clay, sandy __________________________________________ ___ 6
Sandstone _____________________________________________ _ __. 11
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ .5
Rock and gravel __________________________ ________________ 2.5
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 7
Sand. ______ _____ ___________--._____-. ... 5
Sand, coarse, and gravel ___________________________________ 2
Gravel, medium; contains traces of sandy clay.________.--_.___ 7
Sand, fine; contains traces of hard caliche____________________ 8
Caliche, soft _._______________________________ 17
Sand, fine, and clay.______________________________________ 9
Caliche, hard -----____---__-___--________-_____-_____._____ 16
Sand, fine_______________________.______________________ ____ 7
Caliche, hard ____...___________________...____ _____ 2
Clay, sandy, hard.__________________________________________ 19
Gravel, coarse_____________________________________________ 15
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._______________________________________________ 1
Shale _ _________________________________ 6
5-40-10b
[Test hole]
Soil.. ________________________ _ 5
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy, red_______________________________ ________ 5
Caliche and white clay --_-_______-______-____-_.__----_-_- 7
BASIC DATA 369
Table 28. j Drillers' loas of test holes, seismoaraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-40 -lOb Continued

Sandstone, brown___________________________________________ 1 18
Caliche and clay; white_-_______-____________________________ 12 30
Clay, sandy, white._________________________________________ 2 32
Caliche... ___.________..________________ 1 33
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 1 34
Caliche, hard --__--------____----_____________-____________ 1 35
Clay, sandy, hard, white..--.________________________________ 16 51
Sandstone, porous, brown ___________________________________ 6 57
Caliche, hard _.____--____._______________________________ 1 58
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________________________ 3 61
Caliche and clay; white._____________________________________ 5 66
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________ _______________ 4 70
CalicheL-_.--______________-__-.____..____________ 13 83
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________________________ 1 84
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 13 97
Caliche.. ________-.._-__--_----____-_____._____ 2
5-40-32d
[Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy_-_-___-_-_______________________________________ 8 8
Quicksand _________________________________________________ 7 15
Clay and fine sand --_-------_-_-__-___--_-____.___________ 13 28
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, white_______________.______________________________ 3 31
Clay, gray, and sand ________________________________________ 6 37
Quicksand --_------__._______-___________________________._ 5 42
Sand to very coarse gravel __________________________________ 13 55
Caliche, white__.___________________________________________ 6 61
Sandstone __----_----________----_-_________________________ 1 62
Clay, white, and sand _______________________________________ 10 72
Clay, red, and sand _________________________________________ 3 75
Sand to fine gravel-_-__----_---___--________________________ 3 78
Clay, white ----_---.-___--_________-_______________________ 6 84
Rock._______ ______________________________________________ 3 87
Sand, compacted, brown _____________________________________ 1 88
Rock ______________________________________________________ 1.5 89.5
Sand and gravel _----_-____---..___--_______________________ 1.5 91
Rock ______________________________________________________ 4 95
Clay, brown, and sand__-_.__________________________________ 5 100
Gravel, very fine to medium ________________________________ 2 102
Caliche, white______________________________________________ 6 108
Rock..._____.________-_____.________________ 2 110
Rock, white, and fine red , sand ______________________________ 8 118
Rock __________________________________________ 2 120
Sand, red, and clay _________________________________________ 5 125
Rock, porous-----_-_-_---___-__.___________________________ 2 127
Sand, red, and clay__________________________________________ 10 137
Gravel, fine to coarse, loose.________________________________ 20 157
Sand, red, and clay._________________________________________ 3 160
Table 28. Drillers' lo«s of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells -Continued
Thickness
(feet)
5-41-14cbc
[Irrigation well drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1944. Surface altitude, 3,492.0 ft ]
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy..._-__-__--___--____------------------.--------- 2
Sand, fine........_.--____--__...____.-_-.--- -..---.. 20
Gravel --_-_.--__..---___--______........._-.-_-----..--- 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay, gray..... ........_..............___. ----- ..- 4
Sand, coarse .---_.----_..---....---_-.-----.--------------- 4
Clay, gray_________-___________._____.--------_--_--.------ 1
Sand, fine..___________------...-....--------___---_._-_. 2
Gravel, very fine to medium __.-._________-__---___---_--___- 5
Clay, gray ____________________________-----__---_-------_-- 1.5
Rock...____ ____________..____-__-. 1.5
Clay, gray .............. __... ----- ---------- --- 4
Sandstone.-._--....--_..._-.......--._-_---_------_--.--_-- 6
Chalk, soft, white...--...._-.....---.._----_------__-__--- 3
Sandstone and clay; soft _._______________--___--___---__--_-- 13
Chalk, soft, white...-..................--.----.----------.-- 18
Rock, chalky, soft; contains some hard streaks.---------------- 3
Sandstone _-___.__________________.____-___----_---___-_---- 2
Rock, white -__--____---__----_-.-----------_--_-_ -....__- 1
Rock, chalky, white, and sand; contains hard streaks _---.--__-. 13
Chalk, white, and sand -___--__..._-_.__--------------------- 17
Clay, red, and sand ___--__.-_-...--------_---------_-----_-- 6
Sand..__------__-----__...-...-...-----.--------------- 1
Gravel, fine; contains very fine gravel_____-_-_-----___-_---_- 9
Sand and clay; red __---_-.__--___-----------_--_----_--_ -- 8
Rock.__.___________________-.___ -- 1
Sand ------__----.----...---...----.---------.------ ... .5
Rock, chalky, white, and sand ___.________-_-__-_-___-_--_---- 14.5
Rock, hard_.-_..._-.___-.-..--_....__-___...--__-_--------- 1
Sandstone______________________________--___-,__-.--_---_-- 8
Sandstone, hard _-_____-_.______.______--_____-_-_-_-_-_-_-- 8
Sandstone, red ----.---___.--_...--------_------------------ 14
Sandstone, porous ________________--___--_-_----------_--_-- 2
Gravel, fine; contains very fine gravel ___---_--_--------_-__-- 7
Rock, hard, red ___.____-.____-.__-_-__-_-___-__-_----___--- 1
Sandstone ________..______.____..____________----____------- 6
Rock, chalky, white, and sand _______-__-_----_--_---_-_----_- 16
Gravel, fine; contains very fine gravel .__---.--------__----_-- 14
6-37-20ccc
Soil, sandy... ......___.__.. ... 10

Ogallala formation:
Caliche--...---...---.-.---.-.__..._..._.-.-----..----_--- 2
Gravel -._-_.._-__._--_.__--__.._.--_-------_-------------- 28
Caliche; contains streaks of clay ._--__-.--_---__--.-_-------- 125
Gravel ....____..______________-__ 125
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow._----__.-____.--____---_-_-----_-_------------- 5
Shale, blue.________________.-.______ 110
BASIC DATA 371
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-37-36ddd
Sariborn formation:
Sand...--_-----_.-.-..--_--_____-_________._____-__________ 14 14
Loess --...._.-.._-_._._--....__.._.._.._..__.....__.__. 113 127
Ogallala formation:
Clay; contains stringers of caliche.._________________________ 73 200
Gravel..--_-_-____--___---.__--____-_____-__-_-_.__--____ 90 290
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-------__--_--__---____-___-___-__-._____--____ 8 298
Shale,blue ._ . -_.-___. ._..-.__ 7 305
6-38-4bca
[Municipal well for town of Imperial drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1945]
Soil, sandy________________________________________________ 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche __..__.____.____...___._______------- 21 26
Sandstone _____-____-___---___--__________-___---_____-_-__ 4 30
(No sample) __--.-----____________________________________ 3 33
Sand and clay; brown-___--___----_----_-----___-___-_-__--- 13 46
Sandstone, hard-___--_____-____-_____-_____-___-_-___-___-- 2 48
Clay, brown, and sand ___-_-__---.____-__.._--___--.__---_--- 28 76
Sand, cemented ___---_-----___--___---__----_--_____--_---- 2 78
Caliche, sandy..__---___---__--______-____--___--_--____--_ 3 81
Sand, very coarse_----_------_--------_---_-_---_---------- 8 89
Clay, brown, and fine sand ---.--____--______-_----__---___._ 22 111
Caliche and sand___--__----__-__-__---__________-___--_____ 7 118
Rock--.-..__.._________.-______________._ 1 119
(No sample)__________-.-..__.________________. 2 121
Caliche __________________________________..-_.__-------- 14 135
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 3 138
Caliche ------..---_.__----_-.____________________________ 18 156
Caliche, medium-hard __ ___________________________________ 8 164
Caliche, soft _______________________________________________ 4 168
Clay, brown, and fine sand __________________________________ 2 170
Sandstone, hard..._________________________________________ 6 176
Clay, brown, and fine sand_-___-______-._-_______-______.__- 4 180
Caliche and sand..__-__.--___--________._______________,.__ 10 190
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 5 195
Clay, brown, and sand ______________________________________ 10 205
Sand, coarse...._-.._-.____________________________________ 3 208
Rock___--____--_____---____--______-________________.____ 2 210
Clay, brown, and sand ______________________________________ 7 217
Rock.. ------__._---_-----__.--_.__.....___-._______.___. 1 218
Rock, porous----__---------_-___.--____.._..___--....-_..- 4 222
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 10 232
Sand, fine _________________________________________________ 3 235
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 3 238
Sand, very coarse..-.._-__-.----___..._-_._..____-.___.--._ 7 245
Gravel, very fine to medium _--_--_----.____.___--__._-____- 5 250
Sand, very fine to very coarse.-----.-.--.---.._---__---__.-_ 5 255
Sand, very coarse_.__...___________________________________ 15 270
Clay, brown, and sand _____.___-_..._..-__._-._.....__-___-_ 9 279
Sand, fine _________________________________________________ 13 292
Sand and gravel___v------------------_-_--__--------_----_- 19 311
Clay,,____________________________________________________ 1 312
Table 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-38-5dab
[Municipal well for town of Imperial drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1945]
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy, and caliche.--_----_--__-_---_--.-.-------.-----_ 26 26
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone-.--...........__.____.___--___---__--_---------. 7 33
Clay, sandy, brown __.-______.._______________----_--___- _ 13 46
Sandstone, hard ___________________________________________ 2 48
Clay, sandy, brown.-__.____________________________________ 28 76
Sandstone, medium-hard..___._.__.___________.___-_._-_--__ 2 78
Gravel, very fine __________________________________________ 11 89
Clay, brown; contains fine sand._____________________________ 22 111
Caliche and fine sand ______________________________________ 7 i!8
Sandstone, hard.'......_____________________________________ 1 119
Sandstone, medium.....____.___---_-.__-.____.--___-_..--__ 3 122
Caliche..--_--_.---...__________________-____--____-_--_-. 13 135
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 3 138
Caliche, medium-hard.-_.__-...._....--..-.-..-_--_-----._- 18 156
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 8 164
Clay, sandy, brown___.______ _______________________________ 4 168
Sandstone, hard.,..._______________________________________ 3 171
Clay, sandy, brown___.-__-__--___.-___.___._-.____.._--_..- 5 176
Clay, sandy, brown-____.._...___-._____._._-__-.._.___._-_. 4 180
Caliche and fine sand -----_-----------------_.----_-------- 12 192
Sandstone--.--...-_..-.._-.._..___________________________ 3 195
Clay, sandy, brown.________________________________________ 10 205
Sand, coarse__._.__._______________________________________ 3 208
Rock........___-_._-...--.--......_..._.__--._..-.__.-__ 2 210
Clay, sandy, brown...._-..._--....._.._-.__-..___--_.._.... 7 217
Rock..-__...-.__...........__.......-......__..._.._...... 1 218
Rock, loose ________________________________________________ 4 222
Clay, brown.....__________________________________________ 10 232
Sand, fine_._____________________________________________.. 3 235
Sandstone.__________________________________________ ...... 3 238
Gravel, very fine.._'_____________________________________. 7 245
Gravel, very fine to medium ________________________________ 5 2 50
Gravel, very fine___________._______________________________ 20 270
Clay, sandy, brown....... __________________________________ 10 280
Sand______________________________________________________ 12 292
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel ._.___.._..._..___.._.__... 19 311
Clay _ ......_..._..._._.__ ..... 3 314
Sand........_---.-.-.-..._.............._._.._..._....._._ 4 318
Clay ... _...-....______________________ 2 320
6-38-10ddc
[Oil-test well drilled by National Associated Petroleum Co. Surface altitude, 3,267 ft]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample) __....-_...._.___.._...___..________..__-_-___-.. 303 303
Pierre shale:
Shale, weathered........................................... 34 337
Shale ..._...._.___.._......._..__.._..._...._..__.__.. ....._ 337
BASIC DATA 373
Table 28. * Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-38-24a
[Oil-test drilled by Chase Petroleum Co., Surface altitude, 3,214 ft]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample).___----_--------_-_.__-___--_--_-_--_----.---- 365 365
Pierre shale:
Shale____________.___________________________ _____ 365
6-38-30aaa
Dune sand:
Sand.......______--_--_-__----_______________-_----_.__. 25 25
Ogallala formation:
Caliche ___________________________________________________ 5 30
Clay..._____________________________....___ 55 85
Caliche____..____________________________ 18 103
Caliche; contains streaks of sand._.__.._._.__..___..---____. 54 157
Sand ...__________________________________.. 26 183
Clay ...__...........__..__.._......._._....___....... 22 205
Gravel .________________.__._____________... 11 216
Clay; contains ledges of caliche-.._.._.___._.._-__-----..__. 39 255
Gravel, clay, and caliche ----_-_.__.-.__._.--_-.------_-..__ 55 310
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..----.-----.__..-.--.---__-_-.-----.----.--. 8 318
Shale, blue_________________________________ 87 405
6-38-33ada
Dune sand:
Sand.____....__.............__.__........__........ 7 7
Clay, sandy.----.--.---.-.--.._...-....--__---------_.---- 8 15
Sand and clay_-_.....---_----_-_...-..-._.-----.--._.-.-.-_ 10 25
Sand -.__._____------__......____..--.__.-__..- 24 49
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel ..__------__.--.-....-.___.--..-..-.----_.. 13.3 62.3
Lime.__..__..__..__....__.........__.__......... 15.7 78
Sand, coarse _.----------------___-.--___-__.-----_--.._._ 8.7 86.7
Lime...........__..__-.--..._.....__..__-...-_-.___ 25.3 112
6-39-15aac
[Irrigation well drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1953. Surface altitude, 3,339.0 ft]
Soilblack__________________________________.. 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche.____________________________________.. 37 42
Sand, coarse, compact --____________._._._.-_____-_-_--__-- 7 49
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 2 51
Clay, brown....._....._........._...._._......-..-__....._ 10 61
Clay, sandy, brown .__-_-_.___-_..____.___...._-_---._.-_.. 14 75
Rock, hard.......____......____.________......__ 3 78
Clay, soft, brown _..._.----_-.-.._.-_._-___-.._..-.---...-- 5 83
Rock________________________________________ 1 84
Table 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6-39-15aac Continued

Clay, brown________________________________________________ 5
Gravel, medium ---_---_-----_----_--_______---__-_-__--_--- 27
Caliche...-________________________________________________ 1
Caliche, hard ___-__.______.._.....__.___..__._.__.__.___.._ 3
Clay, brown__--__-_______-_._._._______-_._______-______-__ 7
Caliche.__________________________________._____________ 11
Caliche, soft_______________________________________________ 2
Caliche, hard -_.___......._____...__________._.____________ 1
Caliche, very hard..________________________________________ 2
Caliche, soft _._____________.__._....____________._______.._ 5
Caliche, soft to hard ________________________________________ 3
Caliche, medium-soft __-___-__-----_________--_---___-_-___- 7.5
Caliche, soft to medium-hard ________________________________ 13.5
Clay and gravel ____________________________________________ 10
Caliche, medium-hard to very hard______--_______________--__ 1
Caliche.___________________________________________________ 11
Sand and clay.______________________________________________ 12
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 7
Rock, coarse_______________________________________________ 1
Sand and gravel _-----_-___________-_----____________---_-__ 2
Clay ____________----._____________-__. 5
Gravel------_-._______________________-_________________ 7
Clay ______________________________________________________ 10
Sand and clay_______________________________________________ 3
Sand ______________________________________________________ 2
Clay ______________________________________________________ 3
Sandstone__________________________________________________ 6
Sand to medium gravel_--____-_-__-_-__--_______--_-___--___ 4
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 4
Clay _____________________________ 3
Rock ______________________________________________________ 3
Sand; contains streak of clay_-______---___________-______-_-_ 4
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 4
Clay____ ----.-_______________________--.__-.____-._ 6
Sand and clay___.___________________________________________ 15
Gravel, medium ____________________________________________ 11
Sand to medium gravel ______________________________________ 9
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 25
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 4
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow________________________________________________ _______
6-39-22c
[Test hole drilled in 1943. Surface altitude, 3,249 ft]

Soil--------_._-_-_________________________________________ 2
Sand ______________________________________________________ 6
Sand to fine gravel..._______________________________________ 7
Ogallala formation:
Caliche ___________________________________________________
Sandstone, red ----..________.____.____.____________________ 4
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 4
BASIC DATA 375
Toble 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-39-22c Continued

Sand, fine, cemented, brown_______ 20 52
Caliche, hard____________________ 5 57
Sand, cemented, brown .-___-_-___ 3 60
Rock, brown and white____________ 12 72
Gravel, very fine to medium, loose- 13 85
Sand, fine, cemented, red _________ 35 120
Gravel, very fine __-____--_-__-__ 27 147
Sandstone _______________________ 8 155
Sand, fine, red___________________ 15 170
Gravel, very fine ---_--_______-__ 10 180
Sand, fine__________.____________ 10 190
Gravel, very fine....-_-__-_____._ 10 200
6-39-29acc
Ogallala formation:
Loam, sandy._________________________ 3 3
Sand, fine to medium (caves easily) _.__. 18 21
Clay; contains trace of caliche.-------.. 9 30
Caliche, soft _________________________ 15 45
Sandstone ----____-_-___-_.__.____.... 7 52
Caliche, soft --..__-_...._.._..._._._. 3 55
Caliche, hard__-__-________.______. 8 63
Caliche, very hard ____________________ 6 69
Sandstone ____________________________ 3 72
Caliche, very hard _.-___.___.________. 9 81
Rock, soft, water-bearing. __ _____.___.. 2 83
Caliche, white ________________________ 3 86
Clay, brown __________________________ 1 87
Rock, very hard ______________________ 9 96
Rock, soft, porous----_-----_--_-____., 2 98
Rock, hard __-____-_-_-_-_.___-______ 3 101
Rock, soft, brown _-___-__-____.______. 7 108
Clay, hard, brown____________________ 3 111
Clay, sandy._.-..__________..________. 4 115
Rock, soft___________________________ 4 119
Caliche, very hard ____________________ 3 122
Clay, brown __________________________ 5 127
Sand.--.....__________________ 21 148
Gravel, very fine__-__-_-_-___---_____ 2 150
Caliche, soft ________________________ 16 166
Caliche, hard._._--_-___-.___________ 3 169
Gravel, fine ________________________. 5 174
Rock _-.._____-_-_.__-____-._____. 4 178
Sand and gravel.______________________ 3 181
Gravel, fine to medium _._____-.______. 2 183
Caliche, soft _________________________ 16 199
Sand and gravel; contains traces of clay . 5 204
Sand, fine, and sandstone. _______ ______ 4 208
Gravel_ ______________________________ 216
Sand, fine to medium ________--._____. 225
Gravel_______________________________ 228
Sand, fine ____________________________ 230
_____Toble 28.---Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
6-39-29acc Continued

Sand and gravel; contains traces of hard caliche________________ 8
Gravel..__---____________--______-___-_--__----------_----- 6
Sand, fine, and sandstone..._-___-.-_-_.--.---------. -- --- 4
Caliche, hard._._.______._.._____.__.---__-_-----__---_----- 14
Gravel, fine to medium ______________________________________ 3
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow _______________________________________________ 15
Shale ________________________..___ -____8
6-39-30bbc
[Irrigation well drilled in 1948. Surface altitude, 3,349.2 ft]
Soil, black ._-.__.._..._-_____..________________-- 2

Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft; contains some gravel ___________________________ 6
Caliche, soft to hard ..______._..._.__._.__--__._ _ - 10
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 4
Gravel, fine to medium ___________--__________--_----__-_-_-- 15
Caliche, medium-hard, and gravel __---_-_--__---------------- 7
Caliche, hard.._____________________________________________ 1
Clay, brown ______________________________ _______________ 4
Gravel, medium ___________________________________________ 2
Caliche, hard.._____.__--_______________ .. -._--_ 2
Gravel, very fine to fine _--____________-._____--______--__--- 4
Gravel, tightly cemented..___________________________________ 1
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 2
Gravel, tightly cemented__.__-_________-_-____--_-__--____--_ 1
Gravel and brown clay ______________________________________ 6
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 4
Caliche, hard to soft _____________-_______-.__-______-_-___-- 22
Sand, medium ______________________________________________ 5
Gravel, very fine to fine --_______-_____-_--____--_--_---___-- 11
Sand, cemented _____________________________________________ 4
Rock, hard _______________________________________________ 5
Sand, red _________________________________________ _ ... 5
Rock, hard ________________________________________________ 3
Sand and gravel; cemented ___________________________________ 6
Caliche, medium-hard.______________________________________ 8
Sandstone, hard__._._______________________________________ 7
Sand, lightly cemented, red __________________________________ 13
Sand, coarse,to gravel ______________________________________ 5
Gravel, very fine.___________________________________________ 5
Gravel, very fine to fine _____________________________________ 8
Sand, fine __________________________________________________ 12
Sand, coarse _______________________________________________ 2
Sand, fine __________________________________________________ 2
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 5
Sandstone, hard_____________________________________________ 3
BASIC DATA 377
Table 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-39-31a
[Test hole]
Soil...---.--------_-___-__-_-_--____________.._.._____.____ 6 6
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy_____________________________________________ 2 8
Caliche; contains cemented sand ______________________________ 5 13
Caliche, sandy ______________________________________________ 3 16
Caliche; contains cemented sand ______----___________--_-_____ 3 19
Caliche, very hard __________________________________________ 1 20
Caliche, sandy______________________________________________ 5 25
Caliche, soft---__--------__-_-_--______-____________________ 5 30
Caliche, medium-hard _______________________________________ 5 35
Caliche, soft..._._.__...__..___.___....___..___.__..___._.._ 4 39
Caliche, sandy______________________________________________ 13 52
Caliche, soft; contains sand __________________________________ 7 59
Sand, medium, and gravel; contains clay _______________________ 8 67
Sand, medium, and gravel; clean ______________________________ 3 70
Sand, coarse, and gravel_____________________________________ 2.5 72.5
Clay, caliche, and sand; hard _________________________________ 2.5 75
Sand, fine, caliche, and clay; soft -.--__-_-___-_________-______ 9 84
Sand, coarse, and caliche; hard _______________________________ 2 86
Sand, fine, and caliche _____._____.__._.__.___.____________.._ 7 93
Sand, fine, and clay._------__----____________________________ 7 100
Sand, coarse, and caliche-_--------__________-_______________ 7 107
Sand, cemented, and caliche; hard..___________________________ 7 114
Sand,fine __________________________________________________ 6 120
Sand and gravel; angular-grained; clean __-_--_________-_-_.___ 9 129
Gravel, coarse, and clay _____________________________________ 4 133
Sand, coarse, and clay _______________________________________ 27 160
Sand, medium to coarse and clay _____________________________ 20 180
Sand, coarse, and gravel _____________________________________ 23 203
6-40-lddd
Ogallala formation:
Soil and caliche _____________________________________________ 34 34
Sand, clay, and caliche _______________________________________ 18 52
Sand, tightly cemented _______________________________________ 3 55
Clay, sandy, red, and caliche -----------.-._-_..........__.... 4.6 59.6
Sandstone, very coarse grained, hard.._----.........__--_-_.__ 5 64.6
Sand and clay; medium-hard--_--_____________________________ 6.4 71
Sand and clay _______________________________________________ 10 81
Gravel, good________________________________________________ 34 115
Gravel and clay _-_--_-_____-----____________.__._______...._ 4 119
Caliche, hard to soft, and clay ----____-___-__________-________ 47 166
Gravel, good________________________________________________ 16 182
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 4 186
6 -40 -6b
Soil.._____.__________________________________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Gravel_--_-.....___________________________________________ 3 5
655012 O - 63 - 25
Thickness
(feet)
6-40 -6b Continued

Sand,fine__-__-__-__--__________________-_-_-___-__-__-__- 5
Caliche-___-___-___-_-__________________-____-_----____--_ 7
Sand ----_---_-_-_-_--___________________---_-__-__-_---_- 2
Gravel and sand __________________________________________ 17
Sand, fine, red _---__--_-__-________-____---_-___---____--- 2
Sand, fine, tightly cemented, red ____________________________ 10
Gravel, very fine __________________________________________ 1
Gravel and sand ___________________________________________ 4
Rock, white _--_--_-_-_________________-___-______ .._.___ 1
Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 3
Sandstone ----_-__--_________________-_-__-_-____-__.______ 2
Sand, red, and gravel ______________________________________ 7
Rock, white, and sand ______________________________________ 1
Sand, fine, red __________________________________________ _ 6
Caliche, hard ---_-----_______________-_--___-_____-__-____ 2
Sand, coarse ______________________________________________ 1
Sand, fine, red ------_-__-_______________-_-_______--__-___ 9
Sand, medium to very coarse._______________________________ 4
Caliche, hard _____________________________________________ 1
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate__.---__-____-_.__ 4
Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 1
Sand, red _________________________________________________ 3
Sandstone __--------_-____________________ _ _______________ 5
Sand and caliche; loose._______ _____________________________ 8
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate__--_-___-_-___-__ 10
Caliche and sand __________________________________________ 3
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate...--.___-__-__.. 5
Gravel, very fine __________________________________________ 1
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate__________________ 8
Sandstone, hard ___________________________________________ 1
Gravel, very fine __________________________________________ 1
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate-.-__-____________ 5
Sandstone, hard _-_--_-_________l_______--_._______________ 2
Rock, very hard _________________________________________ 2
Caliche and sand; loose ____________________________________ 9
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate_.--______._______ 18
Sand, 'fine..________ _______________________________________ 2
Caliche--_-___-___._______________________________________ 2
Sandstone _________________________________________________ 12
Gravel, very fine __________________________________________ 2
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate __________________ 3
Caliche-__--------_--__-___.________.__._._.-____________ 3
6-40-7c
Soil____ ---____.________________-__.__.__________ 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche and sand __________________________________________ 7
Sand, fine, red ____________________________________________ 5
Sand, coarse ______________________________________________ 1
Caliche, hard _____________________________________________ 7
Sand, coarse, red________________________________________ 2
Sand, coarse, cemented, red _______________________________ 2
BASIC DATA
379
Toble 2%. > Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6 -40 -7c Continued

Sand and gravel; red________________________________________ 4 30
Sand, to very coarse gravel; loose._--___----_______----______ 11 41
Clay, white and red_________________________________________ 8 49
Caliche, hard..___......._.._________..____ 2 51
Clay, red........ ..____._........__..___.____. 2 53
Sand._....._....._-_.__._________....__..._..._..._.______ 2 55
Clay, brown ____-_--___.___.___._..__.._..._.___________.__ 3 58
Caliche, hard..__-__-..___..___..._._..___..___.__._. 1 59
Sand, fine, red _-_-----.__......__...._..__.._____.. 2 61
Sand......__...__..__..__..._________________...__. 2 63
Caliche_______._............__.____...._.__.--. 2 65
Sand, fine, red __..--__-...._._...____.__..._____.__.._._.__ 6 71
Caliche _.. _ _.____________... 14 85
Gravel, very fine...._-_-__...___-__.__..______________._.._ 2 87
Caliche and sand...._...__._._._____...__..________________ 3 90
Caliche, sandy, hard___________._.._.____.___________._..._ 3 93
Caliche, soft.._.__.____________._______ 2 95
Caliche, hard ..__..__________._-_-_..._..._-._-__ 1 96
Gravel, very fine-------____-_____--._...___________....___. 2 98
Caliche, sandy, hard..._____________________________________ 7 105
Sandstone, medium-hard _______...._......__._.________._... 9 114
Gravel, very fine_--___-.______....._._.......__....._..._.. 3 117
Sandstone.....-_----.-_-_--_--__--_____-__-__..._._-__--__. 1 118
Sandstone, hard-_-_-_____________________________________ 4 122
Sand, fine _________________________________________________ 7 129
Sand and caliche; hard ______________________________________ 5 134
Caliche-_--._--_--._.-___..________._....._......__ 2 136
Gravel, very fine.----------..-__-___._._.._________________ 3 139
Sand, fine, red.._-..-.___________________________ 9 148
Sand, fine.. __________..__ 13 161
Sand, to medium gravel _____________________________________ 6 167
Sand, fine, red_____.....____._._._____.._._._..____________ 17 184
Gravel, medium; contains fine gravel.________________________ 16 200
Gravel, fine,loose_-____-_._________________________________ 7 207
6-40-10d
[Test hole]
Soil, black...-----_-_._______________________.._..__.______ 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Caliche._...__.-_.____......__....__ ............. 9 10
Sand, fine____.___.___..__.....__....._.____ 1 11
Caliche . _._________________________ 11 22
Sand and clay_____.-__..________________________.._._...___ 7 29
Sand and gravel--_-___ __________________________________ 5 34
Sand..________.._____.____________________ 3 37
Sand and gravel--_-__----________-____-___________.._..-_. 10 47
Clay, brown .... .----____.-._. ____ ________.._._.__ 13 60
Clay, light-brown __________________________________________ 7 67
Clay, brown __...__-.._.___....________..__________________ 18 85
Caliche...-_---__-._________________...._____ 8 93
Caliche, hard-....____-._____________________.... 27 120
Sandstone, medium -hard____________________________________ 15 135
Caliche, hard ___________________________._ 6 141
Sandstone, brown._________..__.___.___.__.___._..__________ 9 150
______Table 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shothoies. and wells Continued______
Thickness
(feet)
6 -40 -lOd Continued

Rock, brown________________________________________________ 2
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 4
Caliche, hard.______________________________________________ 5
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 4
Sandstone, hard_____________________________________________ 2
Sandstone, very hard.....___________________________________ 7
Sand and gravel___________________._________________________ 16
6-40-13b
[Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy, dark-colored ____________________________________ 7
Sand, fine __________________________________________________ 9
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, sandy._____________________________________________ 2
Clay, gray _________________________________________________ 1
Sandstone, brown, medium-hard ______________________________ 6
Sandstone, hard_____________________________________________ 2
Sandstone, soft, red _________________________________________ 10
Caliche, soft _______________________________________________ 3
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 4
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 2
Clay, sandy, brown..________________________________________ 4
Sand--_-___-_-----_-_____________________.____.____________ 5
Sand, cemented, hard to soft ----_______--_.----_-____________ 4
Sandstone, hard_____________________________________________ 8
Caliche, medium-soft, and gravel_____________________________ 8
Sandstone, very hard, brown _________________________________ 10
Caliche, medium-soft _______________________________________ 3
Caliche, hard.______________________________________________ 6
Caliche, very hard __________________________________________ 14
Caliche, soft _____________________________________________ 2
Caliche, hard___________________.____..._______.___________ 16
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 3
Gravel, very fine to fine ____..______________________________ 1
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 13
Gravel and clay; cemented ___________________________________ 5
Gravel and sand; cemented; hard to soft _______________________ 10
Gravel, cemented, hard to soft _______________________________ 16
Caliche, hard to soft _______________________________________ 14
Gravel and clay.____________________________________________ 7
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 13
Sandstone, brown ___________________________________________ 10
Sandstone, very hard ________________________________________ 9
Sand, medium, and gravel..__________________________________ 6
Sandstone, very hard ________________________________________ 3
Sand, very coarse, to fine gravel -_----_--___-___.____________ 11
BASIC DATA 381
Toble 28. Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflroph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-40-13caa

Clay, sandy__--_-__--________-_______________-_______-______ 9 9
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, hard..______.._____.___.___..___._._._._..__._...._ 6 15
Clay, sandy---_---_-__..-___---__---__-_______-_____--______- 3 18
Gravel, coarse______________________________________________ 1 19
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 5 24
Sand, coarse....____________________________________________ 3 27
Gravel, coarse._._.._..__._...__.__......____._...__._....__ 2 29
Clay, brown _-_____--_.____---_________.___________-_,._____ 3 32
Caliche.-.-...._._----------_------------------------- 1 33
Clay, brown ---._-----..----.-.._.----.-...-._.--.--._...-.- 3 36
Rock, hard --_..-.-_--..---.--......-_._.....-.._......__.. 1 37
Rock._...._______________________________________________ 3 40
Clay, sandy._--._....-..__..-_._...__.._._..._._._...-_.__.- 8 48
Gravel__.____..____._-_._._.._.._...______._..._____......_ 2 50
Gravel and clay; sandy.._-_----_____._-__--___________-______ 7 57
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 3 60
Gravel, coarse..._._______.___..____._-___.._____.___._.____ 8 68
Clay-......---......-........--.-.....---.---.---..-..---.. 5 73
Caliche, hard.-...--._...________________________________... 7 80
Clay, brown .-..---__-_...._._---.....--.--_..-_--.__-----.. 4 84
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 4 88
Rock, very hard---_---..-__---___-_-___.-__.--_-_..--_--..-- 4 92
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 6 98
Caliche, very hard __________________________________________ 14 112
Caliche, sand, and gravel ----_--_-_-----_-_---______________- 5 117
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 9 126
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 7 133
Sandstone, hard --------_------_-------______--______________ 22 155
Sandstone, very hard --__-_--.-_______-_______....____.____._ 11 166
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 5 171
Clay, sandy, brown--_-_---------------..._..-.____.-.._-..__ 5 176
Sandstone and clay___________________________________________ 14 190
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 8 198
Clay, sandy.._______________________________________________ 8 206
Sand..------ _______________________________________________ 9 215
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 15 230
Sandstone and clay._-------------------_-____-._____-_._.____ 8 238
Rock.______________________________________________________ 28 266
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 9 275
Sand, medium---.___.__----_---_-____--_-.__-________-__--__ 5 280
Gravel, very fine to fine._____-_._____________________________ 29 309
Sand, tightly compacted ______________________________________ 11 320
6-40-14dcb
[Irrigation well drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1948. Surface altitude, 3,344.1 ft
Soil, black__--_...---_._____.---__-___..-..-._-._-..----.... 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Sand.,, . -_-__._______.____________ 21 22
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 8 30
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 1 31
Caliche, medium-hard _________-___---...--__.____.______.-_ 10 41
Table 28.^ Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6 -40 -14dcb Continued

Caliche, hard________ ________ 30 71
Clay, brown ________________ __ 19 90
Caliche, hard to soft .._______.__-.... 30 120
Caliche, very hard___-_--_--_-------_------ -- - - 10 130
Caliche, medium-hard. _._.._......__ ._ . - 59 189
Sand and very fine to coarse gravel ________-_----__---------_- 21 210
Clay, brown..______________________ . 9 219
Sand and very fine to medium gravel ___----_.---.-.----------- 13 232
Clay, brown.......__________.__. 4 236
Sand and gravel.-.....__....--__..._-.---------------.-----. 4 240
6-40-17a
[Test hole]
Soil, dark-colored _..._._..._...._..........-_-..-.--------- 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Sandstone, red, and red and white clay..__.----_-_-_-----_---.- 53 55
Clay, red, and sand; compacted.__.._._..___._--__..______-_-_ 6 61
Chalk, white__________________________-__ 6 67
Rock, hard, white .._..._.._....._.-.--.-..-.-. ... 1 68
Sand, compacted, red......_.....__..._._._..-----.----.----- 7 75
Rock, gray, soft ...._.........___.___..--.-....._.------_--- 40 115
Rock, hard......__..__.....____..__.._..__...-------. 8 123
Sand and clay.---...--.--.-........_._......---.-----------. 4 127
Rock, hard....__._.____...._._..._.....__....._..._._....._ 6 133
Clay, soft, red, and sand..........__._..-._..__..._--.--.--._ 13 146
Sand________________________________________ 1 147
Sandstone.___........-...._............-......-..._.._.--__ 3 150
Sand...____.____.___..___________.._________ 1 151
Rock ....._____...____.....__..__________-.__... 1 152
Sand and clay...___.-.__.._-.._._._..__.__..--___...-____--. 3 155
Sand to fine gravel _______.._.___.__._._____.__.__.__.___--. 5 160
Sand, fine _._......_._._..._...__.....___......_..-......_.- 5 165
Sand, coarse; contains very fine to medium gravel..__-___._--_. 6 171
Sandstone, porous..._--.-.---.-.-.-.-.-_.-.--..__--_--.---. 9 180
Sand_______________________________________ 1 181
Sandstone....-...._.._._........_.._.....___....._--...--.. 11 192
Sand, very fine to very coarse________________________________ 6 198
Sandstone.__.....___._._..____..--------. 7 205
Rock, porous ----_-_---...--.-._-.....__...__._..-__._.._. 9 214
Rock, porous, and gravel ____________________________________ 6 220
______________________________________________ ______________i
6-40-18cbc
Soil, sandy _.._........_.......__.._.__._.__.____._.___._._ 4 4

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel..-...._...._._..._.....__....__..__..__.-_. 14 18
Clay, limestone,and gravel______._..._______________..____._ 10 28
Limestone and sand ________________________________________ 3 31
Limestone, hard __________________________________________ 10 41
Limestone, very hard ______________________________________ 16 57
Limestone and gravel; hard ----___________-__--___--_-___-__ 10 67
Sandstone, hard ________________________________________ 43 110
BASIC DATA 383
Toble 28. Drillers' loflS of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-40-18cbc Continued

Sand; contains some gravel____________________________________ 22 132
Sand and gravel; loose _______________________________________ 11 143
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 17 160
Sand, very dirty.____________________________________________ 4 164
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 21 185
Sand, dirty--......_____.-____--.____.________.____ 14 199
Limestone, very hard________________________________________ 3 202
Sand and gravel; very dirty_________-_____--______.___________ 24 226
6-41-lbbb
Soil _ ___________ _________________ 5 5

Ogallala formation:
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 5 10
Sand and clay; red___________._______________________________ 3 13
Sand______________________________________________ 4 17
Caliche-____________________________________________________ 2 19
Rock, white-_-_-_-----_--_-_-_____-___________________._____ 6 25
Gravel, medium to coarse__-_-_---_______-___________________ 17 42
Sand, fine, and clay______-__--_-_____________________________ 5 47
Gravel, very fine____________________________________________ 1 48
Caliche. _________________-__-.-_______._________-_--___-- 1 49
Sand and clay; red___________________________________________ 3 52
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 13 65
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 2 67
Caliche. ____________________________._______ 2 69
Sand, fine, red, and clay_____________________________________ 3 72
Caliche..___________________________________________________ 13 85
Clay, red, and fine sand______________________________________ 2 87
Sandstone, medium-hard ____________________________________ 8 95
Gravel, very fine____________________________________________ 1 96
Gravel __________________________________________________ 3 99
Clay, red, and fine sand_____________________________________ 2 101
Sandstone, hard _____________________________________________ 14 115
Clay, red, and fine sand______________________________________ 6 121
Sandstone, hard _____________________________________________ 14 135
Sandstone, medium-hard _____________________________________ 5 140
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 28 168
Gravel, fine__--___--_-_____.________________________________ 7 175
Sand, red___________________________________________________ ll 186
Rock, medium-hard ________________________________.-_____. 3 189
Gravel, very fine____._______________________________________ 6 195
Gravel, fine._____________________________________._-. 15 210
Gravel, very fine-____-__-_-_-___---_____._____________,_____ 10 220
6-41-llc
[Test hole driUed in 1942. Surface altitude, 3,454 ft]
Ogallala formation:
Clay and sand_.____________________________________________ 13 13
Sand, gravel, and clay____.___________________________________ 13 26
Limestone._________________________________________________ 2 28
Sand and gravel; clean _______________________________________ 24 52
Table 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-41 -lie Continued

Clay and sand_______________________________________________ 5 57
Limestone, sand, and clay......_________--__--_--_-_-.______- 19 76
Limestone, hard ____________________________________________ 9 85
Clay, red, and limestone ____._______________-____-__--_-_---. 13 98
Limestone and clay_______________________________________-._ 15 113
Clay and sand.....__________________________________________ 17 130
Clay, sand, and gravel_______________________________________ 10 140
Gravel and sand__________________________.__________________ 38 178
Sand and clay; silty_______________________.__.___.________-_. 7 1S5
Sand, fine, and clay_---____-___________________---__-._-_---_ 3 188
Limestone and clay; hard ____________________________________ 1.5 183.5
Clay, hard to soft ___________________________________________ 2.5 192
Clay, sandy, hard to soft _____________________________________ 23 215
Gravel and sand.____________________________________________ 20 235
Sand and clay; silty_-_______________________________________- 8 243
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 2.75 245.75
6-41-22cbb
[Irrigation well drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co., 1944. Surface altitude 3,486.6 ft]
Dune sand:
Soil and fine sand _-----__--__-__---_---_-------_----__-_---_ 10 10
Ogallala formation:
Clay, red_____-_---_---______________________________-___--_ 5 15
Caliche.-----.----_-.----_-_.-._._-_-___.--__--_--_-..------ 3 18
Clay, red, and sand-----.-.._..__..._........-__...._._-_---_ 4 22
Caliche _--.---_---____________._______________________- 6 28
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel..____________________________ 2 30
Clay, red--_---_----.-_._.._._-.....-_..__-_..._..__..--_--- 2 32
Caliche..._.--__-_........._________________________------ 3 35
Sand, coarse.....-___..._.._-_-_--------_--._-.._...__.._... 2 37
Caliche. _--__-.-_...---.-._.__.-_-...._.__.._...__-.-__.---- 3 40
Clay, red.--...._____________________________________--_-.. 25 65
Rock, hard, white...-_---_____________________________----_-- 1 66
Rock, medium-hard, white..__________________________________ 4 70
Caliche ____________________________________________________ 8 78
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard.. _______________________________ 3 81
Caliche, sandy, hard...______..._._._....____..__....._.___._ 9 90
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard......_._._....._...___.__--_---. 8 98
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel...__.______..___.__..____._ 2 100
Sandstone, medium-hard __.._..______..___.._____..___.._____ 13 113
Sandstone, hard _____________________ u _______________________ 4 117
Sandstone, medium -hard _____________________________________ 3 120
Sand......-_...._....__.___________________________________ 2 122
Sand,, very fine, to medium gravel.___..._...._..._........_... 5 127
Rock, hard......................__________________________ 1 128
Sand and gravel..._-___....._._____._.______..___.._________ 4 132
Clay, red, and fine sand ...........___ ........_..__..._.._-.. 10 142
Sandstone, porous___________________________________________ 3 145
Caliche and sand ___________________________________________ 5 150
Sandstone, hard _____________________________________________ 6 156
Clay and sand; medium hard _._.._______________.____.___-__- 34 190
Sand, fine...._.._------.._.._.._._._.._..._._._._.__._-_---. 8.5 198.5
Sand and gravel, very fine to medium...................._-_... 41.5 240
BASIC DATA 385
Toble 28. " Drillers' lofls of test holes, seismoflroph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-37-17ccc
[Oil-test well drilled by Ryan Oil Co]
(No sample)....-.._.___._.____.__________.___._______.__ 370 370

Pierre shale:
Shale ._..__.___.__.__.._______._.___._________._____.. ......_ 370
7-37-28cbc
Ogallala formation:
Silt, sandy.___________________________________ 45 45
Caliche.......-...-.-..._._.....__...._-...-...._.__.... 29 74
Clay; contains stringers of caliche......_____________________ 36 110
Sand, gravel, and clay; contains stringers of caliche_-.-._...-_. 95 205
Sand and gravel _.__---__--.___...___.____..__.______..._..- 38 243
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.........._...____._..._.....__..._..___........ 11 254
Shale, gray.................___..........._....._..__..... 191 445
7-38-5ada
Ogallala formation:
(No sample)..______________________________________________ 35 35
Sand, fine to medium...._-_.__.-..._.__._...__.__._.__.___.. 10 45
Gravel, very fine to medium, clean -----__--__--__-.-__.-_.__- 13 58
Caliche, hard ----___-._-____--______.___________.______.___ 7 65
Gravel, very fine to medium ...__..___._.__._._..____.__.____ 35 100
Rock, hard.......____________________________________.... 50 150
Gravel, very fine, clean -_--.___...._._.._._.__.........___.. 15 165
Rock, soft .__________________________________.. 7 172
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-green _________________________________________ 3 175
7-38-8b
[Test hole]
Soil, sandy, dark .---_--__---____-__-____-__________.___-___ 2 2

Ogallala formation:
Rock, sandy, soft _..__._..._._...._______..._____.___._.__. 3 5
Clay, sandy, hard-packed, brown __..._.__....__.__.__..___.__ 17 22
Clay, sandy, and gravel; contains traces of caliche ..______.____ 6 28
Clay, sandy, hard-packed, brown _.___..__.-._.___.._____.___. 14 42
Rock, hard, brown._-________.__.__-__._.____.._____________ 13 55
Clay, gray _________________________________________________ 2 57
Clay, sandy, brown -_--_-__.__.__.._..____.___.._..___..__.. 17 74
Sandstone and caliche (hard-drilling)...._._-..__.__.___.___.__ 4 78
Clay, sandy.__-.__._.__.____.._____.._..__...___..________. 3 81
Caliche, soft, and sandstone....___.__._._.__.____._._..__..__ 9 90
Caliche, very hard.._.._.__.._..__._.__._._.._..._...._._.__ 2 92
Sand, medium to coarse .__-___..._..______...______________. 6 98
Gravel..___________________________________________________ 6 104
Caliche, soft..________________________. .....__.....__... 5 109
Clay, gray......... ..... ____________________..__ 5 114
Thickness
(feet)
7-38 -8b Continued

Caliche, soft.....__..__--______--__--___ __... - . 3
Sand, fine, and hard sandstone _______________________________ 16
Caliche, hard__----_____-__________-_______---_-__-_-------- 4
Sand and clay -_--_-__---__-___-___---_-_-_-_-_-_--_--------- 7
Caliche, medium -hard _______________________________________ 1
Clay, sandy, brown __________________________________________ 11
Sand, coarse; contains traces of caliche.__-__-___________--___- 13
Clay and gravel-___--_-__-________-__--_--_-_--__--_-------- 6
Clay __ .. ____ ___ ___ __ __ .. ______ ______ . 12
Gravel--.....-...__.__......_..- -----__.-_.-__--------- 1
Caliche....-_----.--_-_-.-_-_-_....---.--__---.--..--------. 5
Sand and gravel-_-__--_________.___.___-__-________-_-----_- 20
Clay, sandy_____..___...___-------_..______..__._.__-_______ 10
Caliche....-__------_.-.--_-.-____-._---._..._---__--------. 1
Gravel; contains traces of caliche.___-_._-.__..._.___._-_---_. 15
Clay, soft, brown.....-.--._..._..__--___--_--_-----_-------- 5
Clay and gravel ___..-__-__._._._.--_----__-____--_.-------- 2
Gravel________-___----___________-__-__-__---_---_---__-_-- 4
Clay, brown.___.__-__._____________________-_______-__-----_ 5
Sand, medium to coarse, and gravel ___________________________ 3
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 1
Clay, brown __.____-_-__._._..__-__--___..-_____..__---.---_ -__.
7-38-16abb
Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay ___-_-___.______-___-____-.__-___________-___-_ 50
Gravel__---------__----_---__.__.---__-_--_-__------.----_- 20
Clay and sand.______________________________________________ 20
Caliche; contains streaks of sand __________-___-_--___---_____ 55
Sand and clay _______________________________________________ 65
Caliche. _.___..--_-__-.__________.-__-_____-.___________ 5
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow -___-_______-_______________-___--_--_______--__ 40
Shale, gray_________________________________________________ 30
7-38-19aac
Soil.. ___ _____________________________ 2

Ogallala formation:
Caliche....-__-..-.__.__.__..._____..___.___....._.__.____._ 1
Caliche. ____________________________________________________ 7
Limestone, hard ____________________________________________ 3
Sandstone, soft______________________________________________ 7
Sandstone and limestone. _ ____________________________________ 11
Sandstone, limestone, and gravel_______--_-____________-_----_ 6
Sand and gravel; hard; contains layers of limestone .__--_--__-._ 14
Sandstone, hard _____________________________________________ 12
Sand, coarse, and gravel _____________________________________ 10
Clay, red__________________________________________ 10
BASIC DATA
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-38-19aac Continued

Gravel...._________________________________________________ 11 95
Limestone and sandstone.____________________________________ 10 105
Rock, hard_________________________________________________ 1 106
Sand, gravel, and clay _______________________________________ 5 111
Sandstone .__-.__-_--._-.__---___.__..__..________._..____._ 3 114
Sand, coarse, and gravel_____._-___._________________________ 15 129
Rock _______.-.-..__._..___________________________________ 6 135
Sand, coarse, and gravel.-.--..______________________________ 19 154
Limestone, caliche, and gravel _______________________________ 13 167
7-38-28c
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample)____-__--_________-_____________________________ 100 100
Caliche; contains small layers of gravel..__..___--_____.____-. 5 150
Caliche and rock ___________________________________________ 95 200
Gravel--_--______--_-___---_-______-____-____-_____________ 53 253
(No sample)________________________________________________ 5 258
7-39-13
[South half of section. Test hole]
Dune sand:
Soil ____________________.._________________ 4
Ogallala formation:
Caliche ____________________________________________________ 24 28
Caliche, red sand, and fine gravel; hard ______________________ 14 42
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 3 45
Rock, soft__________________________________________________ 3 48
Sandstone, hard_____________________________________________ 6 54
Caliche-__________________________________ 4 58
Gravel, medium ____________________________________________ 4 62
Clay, soft, red-_-_.______________________________________ 8 70
Caliche, hard..___-___-_--_________________________________ 5 75
Sand and clay_______________________________________________ 5 80
Clay, sandy, soft______ ______________________________________ 4 84
Sand..._____._____----_._._.._________.-_.______ 2 86
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel ______________________________ 4 90
Caliche _______.--.____.______________________.--__.____. 7 97
Clay__ _ --_-_________--_--.______ 8 105
Sand, coarse, to fine gravel __________________________________ 10 115
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel _.___-_-_-__.____-____________ 5 120
Clay, sandy.________________________________________________ 5 125
Sandstone, hard_____________._______________________________ 4 129
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 3 132
Caliche, soft _________________________ 6 138
Clay, sandy______.__________________________________________ 3 141
Caliche, soft _______________________________________________ 4 145
Caliche, medium-hard___-_______________.___________________ 6 151
Clay, sandy, red ____________________________________________ 6 157
Caliche, medium-hard____--________-________________________ 4 161
Caliche, hard__________________________.____________________ 18 179
Sand, firm __.___________________________________________ 1 180
Table 28.---Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness
(feet)
7-39-13 Continued

Sandstone __________________________________________________ 22
Sand to fine gravel-___----____-____---_-____-___--_----_--_- 16
Sandstone ----___-___._________________._-_--_----__--___--- 12
7-39-27dac
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy._..___.......___....__._.._...__..____.____..... 4
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, hard ___-_--_________.__________-_--__---_---_____- 9
Sandstone _---___---.___....__...___._..._....-.--...-__.-__ 12
Caliche, hard ._..--.-_.__._.__....._.-.._.-..-.--_--_--..-_ 2
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 5
Caliche, hard ___------_-___________....._.-..-_-___-_.-..__ 11
Clay, sandy .....______...._.________..___._.__..____..___._ 11
Sandstone; contains traces of hard caliche_----__--_-______--_- 13
Gravel, medium ____._._____._...____...____._______________ 12
Clay, sandy.---_..___...____________._______________._.__.__ 5
Clay, brown_.._...____.._..___________________...___.._.___ 20
Clay; contains traces of caliche _---____-_-___-__---__.-___--_ 6
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 3
Caliche, very hard.___._____________________________________ 1
Gravel, compact ____________________________________________ 4
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 10
Caliche, very hard.-__._____________________________________ 1
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 3
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 3
Caliche, medium-hard ______________________________________ 7
Sandstone, hard, green ---_____________-____-____--_______-__ 8
Caliche, very hard._________________________________________ 6
Sand......_____________________-_--.____-_--__-___-.__ 9
Sandstone, soft _____________________________________________ 5
Sandstone, hard; contains streaks of hard caliche..__-___--_-.__ 11
Clay, sandy.__________________________________...______.__ 4
Rock, very hard ____________________________________________ .2
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 3.8
Caliche, very hard.._______________________ _________________ 6
Sandstone, medium-hard ____________________________________ 3
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 21
Rock, very hard ____________________________________________ 1
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 4
Rock, sandy________________________________________________ 12
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 10
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 2
Gravel__________ _________________________________________ 8
Gravel and soft caliche _____________________________________ 3
Gravel, fine ________________________________________________ 6
Sandstone and sandy clay ____________________________________ 7
Gravel, fine to coarse.._____________________________________ 15
Clay and gravel ____________________________________________ 2
Gravel; contains streaks of clay______________________________ 5
Rock______________________________________________________ l
Clay and gravel ____________________________________________ 6
Sand, fine to medium________________________________________ 4
BASIC DATA 389
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-39-2 7dac Continued

Sand and gravel..___________________________________________ 14 319
Caliche, very hard _--_-_-_-_-_--___-________________________ 2 321
7-39-27ddb
Dune sand:
Soil __________------_---_-----__..___--______.__________- 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, hard_______________________________-_-___-_______ 15 17
Clay, sandy, brown_-____-_________._____________.___________ 5 22
Caliche, hard______.________________________________________ 6 28
Clay, sandy-.-______________________________________________ 12 40
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 5 45
Sandstone, soft _____________________________________________ 4 49
Clay, sandy, brown_-_____.__________________________________ 3 52
Sandstone, brown ___________________________________________ 12 64
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 5 69
Sand___.___________-__------__----_________.____________ 5 74
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 2 76
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 5 81
Sandstone __________________________________________________ l 82
Clay, sandy, brown__________________________________________ 19 101
Caliche, hard_____________________________________________ 6 107
Sandstone ---_-_---_.--__-__-_-_____________________________ 2 109
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 1 110
Caliche, very hard _--_----_----_-__--____-___-_______-______ 2 112
Caliche, soft________________________________________________ 4 116
Clay, sandy, brown_________________________________________. 10 126
Sandstone, medium-hard_____________________________________ 4 130
Caliche ____________________________________________________ .6 136
Caliche, hard_______________________________________________ 20 156
Sand, fine, brown ___________________________________________ 7 163
Sandstone __-_----_-___---__--______________________________ 6 169
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 4 173
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 1 174
Sand ________________________ 2 176
Clay, sandy, brown__________________________________________ 40 216
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 41 257
Sand and light colored clay __________________________________ 10 267
Rock, porous _______________________________________________ 3 270
Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 7 277
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 9 286
Clay, sandy_________________________________________________ 9 295
Sand__________________________________________________ 1 296
Rock, porous _--_---_--_----________________________________ 1 297
Sand, very coarse, to medium gravel..____--____-_____________ 14 311
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 10 321
Clay _. ___..._________________ 1 322
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 4 326
Sandstone -____-_---____-_---___-__-________________________ .5 326.5
Thickness
(feet)
7-39-27ddd
Dune sand:
Soil...............__..____.__.....__-.--._.-------.. 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche. _..-_...._._..._......._.......__..._.....-__.._... 43
Clay, sandy, brown .---__-.____._._-.__..__-_.---.___..--_.. 6
Rock, medium-hard ________________________________________ 2
Rock, very hard.___________________________________________ 2
Sandstone, medium-hard ____________________________________ 9
Gravel, very fine to medium_________________________________ 1
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 6
Caliche.___________________________________________________ 8
Clay, brown, and fine sand _-_-___---__---____-_-_-_-------__ 7
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel____________________________ 3.5
Clay, brown _-_--__---__-________________-____-_--____--_-_ 7.5
Rock, hard ------_-_-___-___-________-___-____-___-_-__-___ 3
Caliche, medium -hard ___-_________________--__---___.__.-__ 2
Caliche. ___________________________________________________ 8
Rock, hard ________________________________________________ 6
Gravel, coarse_____________________________________________ 1
Clay, brown, and fine sand ___-_-__-____----__-_--_--__._--_- 4
Caliche, hard..__-.--______________-___---__--._----_-__ 19
Caliche, soft_______________________________________________ 25
Clay, brown --__---_--__-_________________--__-.___-___--__ 10
Caliche, soft______________.....__...___________.--__.__ 10
Clay, brown, and sand ______________________________________ 10
Caliche and sandstone.._____________________________________ 25
Gravel, medium to coarse, clean____.______-________-________ 19.5
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 6.5
Gravel, medium to coarse, clean _____________________________ 7
Caliche. ____________________________ 6
7-39-33
[North half of section]
Ogallala formation:
Rock, white________________________.__________________ 59
Sand, red, and clay _________________________________________ 7
Gravel, very fine____________________________..______________ 2
Gravel____________________________________________________ 2
Clay, red _________________________________________________ 5
Clay, gray_________________________________________________ 6
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 11
Sandstone, brown_._________________________________________ 6
Clay, brown, and sand ______________________________________ 14
Sandstone ________________________________________________ 2
Rock, hard, white _________________________________________ 5
Sandstone, medium -hard ____________________________________ 13
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 5
Rock, white__--_"-___-._____________________________________ 19
Gravel, medium____________________________________________ 12
Caliche___________________________________________________ 13
Sandstone, porous-_-__-___--_--________________--__-.___-__ 7
Sandstone._________________________________________________ 4
Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 7
BASIC DATA 391
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-39-3 3 Continue d

Sandstone, brown-__________-________________________________ 11 210
Sandstone.______________________________ _..____.______._____ 10 220
Sand and brown clay ---_----___--_-_-____-___----____-______ 18 238
Gravel, fine_____-____-_________________________.____________ 6 244
Gravel, very fine___-_-___________..____.____..__.___._______ 3 247
Sandstone.____---____-___________....___....________________ 3 250
7-39-34
Soil.________________________________.....__.....__..__. 6 6
Ogallala formation:
Caliche; contains strips of gravel _____________________________ 83 89
Gravel and sand.-___-..__--..____.__.___.____._..____._.____ 9 98
Sandstone, cemented in places with calcium carbonate; contains
some gravel---.-...--...-._---_----_.-__-.._--__._-._.__. 62 160
Gravel, clean.-.___._-.._.-..____.._._.__._._._._.___..--__. 21 181
Caliche, soft to hard.--....._________________________________ 23 204
Gravel, coarse.....----_--___----________________._____.____ 16 220
7-39-35b
Soil.--------_---__---.----_..-___....._-__.-..___.--._--.-- 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche..-.______.__....__.__.__.....__......... 43 46
Sand and clay; brown ----__-.--_--_----____-_________________ 6 52
Rock, medium-hard _________________________________________ 2 54
Rock, very hard..___________________________________________ 2 56
Sandstone, medium-hard __--____-.___._--._._-_--._--_-----_- 9 65
Gravel, very fine to medium..-----..____.....-_._.--.._-----_ 1 66
Sandstone.__________________________________________________ 6 72
Caliche.-...-__-.-_____.______________._.._... 8 80
Clay, brown, and fine sand ___________________________________ 7 87
Sand to medium gravel...___________________________________ 3.5 90.5
Clay, brown ________________________________________________ 7.5 98
Rock, hard _________________________________________________ 3 101
Caliche, medium-hard_______________________________________ 2 103
Caliche.____________________________________________________ 8 111
Rock, hard _________________________________________________ 6 117
Gravel, coarse______________________________________________ 1 118
Clay, brown, and fine sand ___________________________________ 4 122
Caliche, hard _______________________________________________ 19 141
Caliche, soft________________________________________________ 25 166
Clay, brown _______ ._ _ __________________.._ 10 176
Caliche, soft-.--____________________________________________ 10 186
Clay, brown, and sand -_________-__.___.___-.._._____--._____ 10 196
Caliche and sandstone.... ____________________________________ 25 221
Gravel, fine to medium, clean ________________________________ 19.5 240.5
Sandstone-----_-------_---___--______.__.___...____________ 6.5 247
Gravel, fine to medium, clean..____.._.______________________ 7 254
Caliche. _--_-_--__--_--_-_____________________.._____________ 6 260
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-40-2bca
[Irrigation well drilled by Arthur Haggard, 1949. Surface altitude, 3,416.8 ft]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample).....__----__--____.-___.--.-__-_----------- 16 16
Gravel --.--.----._._-_-.----_____._____--_------.._--_- 19 35
Sand, clay, and caliche; hard-..-___--_----_-------------_---- 25 60
Clay, brown; contains strips of fine sand --_---_--__------_---- 27 87
Gravel ____._________...____________________ 33 120
Sandstone, fine sand, limestone, and rock --_-_--.--__--____--- 47 167
Gravel ____..______________________- 28 195
7-40-5bbb
[Irrigation well drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman. Surface altitude, 3,464.6 ft]
Soil..___....._______._________.__.. . 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Clay...-.........-_........_--_....--____..__.--..-..--. 4 7
Caliche; contains hard streaks ___--_-___----.-___-----_-_---- 8 15
Sandstone; contains layers of hard caliche.....__.-____-_----.. 8 23
Sandstone, cemented in layers......___________---_-----_---_ 26 49
Clay.__......__........__._____.----__...-.---.._---.- 5 54
Sandstone ._..-__..___.._-....._...__--_.-.---.__-___--.. 12 66
Gravel, medium to coarse ___________________________________ 10 76
Clay...______.._____....____.._______.-..-__ 9 85
Clay and sandstone; hard-___--..-___-_---_----_--_---_----.- 2 87
Clay and sandstone.__--___--._________-_____--_.---_--__-__- 6 93
Clay and sandstone; hard__---___--_...___--_-.---..__--.--.. /I 94
Gravel, medium to coarse-_-_--._---_.-._-_---__-------_---. 2 96
Clay; contains hard layers...-_-_-----____-----_-_-__---_--_- 10 106
Clay; contains layers of limestone and gravel._______-.-___-_-_ 10 116
Clay; contains layers of limestone and sandstone_._....-__.--_. 30 146
Clay; contains gravel -__________________-___--______--__---- 10 156
Clay; contains layers of limestone and sandstone _____ .-_____-__ 20 176
Clay and gravel _..._........_.........._..__.....-._...-__- 10 186
Clay______..____________._________________ 3 189
Clay, hard....__________________..__..__..____ 1 190
Clay _________ ___ . _____ __ . __ . __ . __________ __ 6 196
Sandstone, clay, and gravel._--_._----.------.._--------_-..- 6 202
7-40-6bcc
Soil,black..._____._______.__________.____.. 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche.--.._.-._.......__......................._.....__ 18 20
Clay, brown, and sand-----__---.._--------._---_------_---._ 10 30
Clay, brown, and fine sand-_---__--_--_----__-_-__------__-_- 21 51
Sand and gravel _..._.-_______..__._._.______..__.--_..____. 7 58
Clay, brown, and sand..--__---___---___-----__-_-----_-.--_- 17 75
Sand, fine.-___.._........._....._........_...._......_._... 3 78
Gravel, very fine_...-_...__..___.__......._.._...---.___... 2 80
Sand and gravel; silty; loose ---._.-.._.-__---_-___----_-__-__ 4 84
Sand, very fine to medium gravel; loose______________________ 3 87
Clay and gravel _-...___...__._..............-.....--..._-__ 2 89
BASIC DATA 393
Table 28. Drillers' loss of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-40 -6bcc Continued

Caliche_---__----_---__---_-_----_--_---___--__-___--__-_- 3 92
Caliche, soft______________________________________________ 2 94
Caliche and sand ---_----__------_------_-_--____---_-_-__- 6 100
Caliche....__..__-..____-..____.___.__...._._.___...____ 3 103
Sand, red, and caliche__---__________-________-___--_____-_- 2 105
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate, hard _-__---_____ 4 109
Sand......__._.__.____._____._._...__._.__.._.._._..__ 2 111
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate, hard_____________ 4 115
Sand......__..__....._________________________________ 2 117
Sandstone, hard.____.__.___.._______.._.___..______..___._ 2 119
Sandstone _..___.._.__...___._______.___.______..__._.__.._ 6 125
Sandstone, hard .._..-..--__.--__.-_-._..._..-._.-........- 2 127
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel ___ _..._._.__...__..._..._ 5 132
Caliche..__...__...__.._______..__.__.__..___..___.___.___ 3 135
Sand, fine...______________________________________________ 2 137
Clay, brown, and sand; loose __ ---_._-..___._._________-._.-_ 7 144
Sandstone, cemented with calcium carbonate.__-.___-.______._ 5 149
Sand ---_....-....-......._.__.__.....__..._...._...._.. 1 150
Gravel, very fine to coarse, loose-_.-._._____._._._..._.___. 12 162
Rock....__....._.....__--.---...-.......__...-.._.._... 1 163
Gravel ___________________________________________________ 1 164
Sandstone, lightly cemented with calcium carbonate _.____.._._ 4 168
Sand, fine.________________________________________________ 7 175
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 3 178
Rock, hard________________________________________________ 7 185
Sandstone -___-..__..._...._.._..__...__.___.__.___..._.... 5 190
7-40-10acc
Soil, black......________________________________________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 24 26
Clay, sandy, red.__________________________________________ 5 31
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 9 40
Clay, sandy, and red clay __________________________________ 26 66
Sand and gravel ___._._____._.________...__..__.______...__ 10 76
Clay, sandy, brown ________________________________________ 6 82
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 10 92
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel ____________________________ 16 108
Caliche, medium-hard ----____-_._-_-______________________ 62 170
Caliche, hard ---__---------_--___-_.___-________________._ 6 176
7-40-10bc
[Test hole drilled by Norton Manufacturing Co.]
Soil, black ________________________________________________ 2

Ogallala formation:
Sand and soft caliche -__--_-_------_-_---__-____________ 11 13
Caliche, soft ______________________________________________ 2 15
Clay, sandy _______________________________________________ 7 22
Caliche, hard --_--__----____---__.-_______________________ 3 25
Caliche, soft _____________________________________________ 2 27
Caliche, hard _____________________________________________ 1 28
655012 O - 63 - 26
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells- Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-40-10bc Continued

Clay, sandy, and red clay....-___--_--_---_-_-__---.-------_- 18 46
Rock, hard...__.-...---.......--------.----___...-_----_. 3 49
Clay, sandy.........._....._...._........--._---_._---_--_- 6 55
Gravel, very fine to medium ____..-___-_--__-_-__-____--_----_ 10 65
Rock and clay--_----_----______-_-------_------_----------. 5 70
Clay.__.______._________________________... 4 74
Rock__....____________________________ 2 76
Gravel, very fine to medium ._______-_.....---_-_--_---_..--. 12 88
Sandstone and sandy clay_-___.___---_.-__---_----.-_------__ 8 96
Rock, hard.....__..__.....__.-_.-._.---------.-------. 1 97
Caliche, soft ______________________________ 5 102
Sandstone, hard ......._...._.._....__..._..........----.-_. 8 110
Caliche-_____.____....____________________ 6 116
Rock, hard..---.-..._._.._.....--..._....-------.__---_---. 3 119
Sandstone, soft to hard .----._...--_------_--------._-------- 5 124
Caliche, soft._____________....___________.. 10 134
Sand and clay; hard.__.--_._._._.-__--_-._..---_---_--_-_-.. 6 140
Clay and sand ________________._____________-.-______---_.-- 38 178
Caliche.........__...-----....-----.__.--.---_...----.-.- 14 192
Gravel and sand..........._...............-_--____--_-----. 6 198
Caliche-_...--.......__......__---.._.---_------.---.---. 15 213
Caliche, very hard..._______________________________________ 1 214
Caliche, soft--------..-...-....-----_-_-_.--------.------.. 6 220
Caliche.-_..--..........__.......__.......-......__--__.-.. 2 222
Sandstone...--............_.....__..._._....._.....-.._.... 8 230
Sand and gravel ._...._..._........_......._-.......---__... 6 236
Sandstone_._........._......._._.._........_................ 1 237
Sand and gravel ...._.._......._._..__.._..........._....... .5 237.5
7-40-l3bbb
Soil, black..-..__..............._.............__........._. 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel __---__--.-_____._-________----__-____--___. 8 11
Clay, sandy, red......_..._...____....._..._...__......._._. 61 72
Rock................__.....__.._-..-..-----..-.__--.-.. 2 74
Rock, very hard......__......__._._..___..._..........._... 1 75
Clay, sandy, red..........._..__..........__._.._........... 16 91
Caliche--._.-_-......._........................_.._...._... 5 96
Rock, hard..._......_...................................... 1 97
Clay, sandy, brown ........_._...._......_.._.._..._.._...__ 8 105
Clay, gray..-.__...__...._........_......_................. 5 110
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________________________ 32 142
Rock, soft -------._................_..........._........... 18 160
Clay, sandy, brown .._......_..................__........... 22 182
Sand and gravel ..._.._._....._......__..._......__..__..... 7 189
Sand and clay.........._..._..___._._........_..._..._._..._ 2 191
Sand and gravel ....___....._....._.._......._...._.._...... 19 210
BASIC DATA 395
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-40-16caa
Ogallala formation:
Rock ___--..__-.-...___............._....._.._... 11 11
Clay, hard, brown .---._...__._...._.._.._....__.___.._._._. 6 17
Caliche--.-.._....--.._........._.........._._......__._._. 4 21
Clay, brown..--.----......_________________________________ 2 23
Gravel ._......_...-_.-..........................__ 9 32
Clay . .._____________..______ 17 49
Gravel ....__----.__.-..__._.------......._.......... 14 63
Clay.... ...... ..........__....______..__.__..... 8 71
Rock........................__.....__.....____..__.- 8 79
Caliche, white........_______--.--_.-...-.._......._........ 11 90
Clay. -_-.,.. ___________________. 5 95
Caliche..__________________________________________________ l 96
Rock, hard.............-.-......--...---....._.._._.._._... 6 102
Rock, slightly hard .-.-..--_--...__.............__.__... 6 108
Rock ______________________________________________________ 5 113
Gravel __________________________________________........ 4 117
Rock............._____________________.......__.....__ 4 121
Clay . __.....______________________ 9 130
Gravel .....______________________________._......_ 3 133
Rock ..... ._____...__._________ 5 138
Clay, brown...............__________________________________ 11 149
Gravel -----.----.-...-.-..--...._.........___..._......._. 14 163
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 11 174
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 2 176
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 19 195
Clay, sandy, soft ___________________________________________ 5 200
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 18 218
Clay and gravel -.__-.__---.._-..__...............________.. 2 220
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 8 228
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 20 248
Gravel and clay ____________________________________________ 10 258
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 7 265
Caliche, hard, white.............. ___________________________ 17 282
7-40-18b
Ogallala formation:
Soil and white caliche _______________________________________ 30 30
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 21 51
Caliche, white, and sand.---..-..._.._..____.._..._.._____... 10 61
Clay, sandy, red..__________________________________________ 22 83
Caliche, white, sand, and gravel..................__._._._._.. 49 132
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 7 139
Caliche, sandy.--..--.._.._.__._....._.._..__._..._.._._.... 10 149
Limestone, white ___________________________________________ 6 155
Gravel,loose ______________________________________________ 15 170
Limestone, white ___________________________________________ 9 179
Sand, loose; contains streaks of clay_____..___________________ 19 198
Toble 28. Drillers' Ic-fls of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
7-40-20cbd
Soil...._---------______________,_______-----___--------_. 1
Ogallala formation:
Clay and caliche ___________________________________________ 8.5
Clay and caliche; hard ______________________________________ 1
Clay and caliche.--______._________________-__-___-_____-_-- 3.5
Caliche; contains some sand_-_--_-_---___--_----_--------_-- 6.5
Caliche, hard; contains some sand _____-_--__---_-----_------ 1
Caliche; contains some sand_________________---_____--___-__ 8.5
Gravel____________________________________________________ 4
Clay, hard, brown __________________________________________ 10
Clay, firm, brown ______.______-_-_____-______-_____-__---__ 10
Clay, brown; contains some grpvel _____---_-_-_---___-------- 30
Clay, hard, brown and white ____-______-_-------__-__------_- 12
Caliche.______________^____..____._____-__-.__ 7
Clay,..__.__._________.....______________ 3
Caliche, hard; contains some gravel.__-__-_-----_-_-_--_-____ 4
Sand, cemented ____________________________________________ 4
(No sample)._______._.____._..._._____._____.___.__________ 3
Gravel, fine_------______________,__________-_-_____-_---_-_ 12
Clay, sandy________________________________________________ 34
Sandstone, firm ____________________________________________ 1
Clay, sandy.___.______.._...____..__.______________.___.__. 1
Sand, coarse, to medium gravel____________--_--____--__-___- 2
Clay, soft ----_----______________________-___-________----- 9
Sand to medium gravel; contains some clay---_--___-_-------- 1
Clay______________..__._______________ 5
Sand and clay---____--__-___-______________-_-________-__-- .5
Clay... .. .____..___________________ 3.5
Sand and clay ______________________________________________ 3
Clay.. .___..._________...__.......__ 10
Sandstone, firm ____________________________________________ 4
Sand and clay ______________________________________________ 1
Clay. __.._______....___________... 5
Clay, gravel, and stone...__-___---_--_-----__---_-__---____- 5
Clay. ......__.________ .... 1
Gravel, medium, and stone __-___-___-_---_____-__--_-_-__-_- 5
Mixture ___________________________________________________ 4
Sandstone, firm ___-___-_____________.______--_______-__--_- 2
Clay.._..._..._....__,._...._..__........^............... 2
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; contains some clay----.__-_------ 5
Sand and gravel_._____._.__.____._____._____._._________.__ 15
Sand to fine gravel.... _____________________________________ 4
Sand to medium gravel_____________________________________ 8
Clay ______________________________________________________ 4
Sand to coarse gravel______________________________________ 21
Clay... ._________________________ 1
Gravel; contains clay ._________.____..______.___..__..______ 2
Sand to coarse gravel.__.___.________...________.___..______ 1
Clay.__-_----__---.._..______.._____.___...._..___._______ .5
7-40-28bbb
Soil, black._--.---.........._____________......__._---. 1.5
BASIC DATA 397
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
Ogallala formation:
Caliche-........__..__......____________________________ 18.5 20
Caliche and coarse sand --------_----____----__-___--___-___ 10 30
Sand, coarse; contains some gravel.._______.,<__________________ 5 35
Sand, coarse, and gravel ____________________________________ 25 60
Gravel, coarse _____________________________________________ 2 62
Gravel and rock -_--_--------__-____________.________.______' 3 65
Caliche; contains some sand ____.______....___.._____________ 2 67
Rock, medium-hard... ______________________________________ 2 69
Clay, red_____________________________..___________.__.___ 9 78
Rock, hard......______.___....-__--....___..._______.______ 2.5 80.5
Caliche; contains streaks of red clay---_-_--_...-...._.____.__ 7.5 88
Gravel, coarse, and caliche.._____________ ___________________ 2 90
Caliche, hard -------_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_..-.___.._._________.__ 1 91
Caliche..........__________________________________________ 7 98
Rock, soft ---_----.----_--____.__._________________________ 1 99
Caliche.----_.....__.__.__________________._______________. 21 120
Gravel _-.----_-_______________________._.____.____.____.._ 10 130
Sand, coarse, to very fine gravel and rock.-..___--_-_-___--.__ 10 140
Caliche and clay; contains some sand _________________________ 20 160
Gravel, very fine, loose _____________________________________ 12 172
7-40-30baa
[Irrigation well drilled by C. A. Wilcox, 1951. Surface altitude, 3,457.5 ft]
Topsoil__________________._________________________________ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Clay, brown.-___.______________.___________________________ 8 10
Caliche, soft _______________________________________________ 22 32
Shale(?) red .-_-----.--__-----._________...___....________ 30 62
Clay, red, and fine sand _____________________________________ 9 71
Caliche____________________________________________________ i 72
Clay, red, and fine sand _____________________________________ 3 75
Caliche and gravel._._..___.________________________________ 1 76
Gravel and fine sand -_------__----__________________________ 2 78
Gravel ______ .-__-.___________________________________ 17 95
Clay and caliche,' soft _______________________________________ 5 100
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 11 111
Caliche, hard to soft ________________________________________ 2 113
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 8 121
Gravel _ __ . __________....____ 17 133
Clay, red __________________________________________________ 22 160
Gravel and sand; loose ______________________________________ 7 167
Limestone __________________________________________________ i 168
Gravel _ ___ ________________________.___.._____ 11 179
Limestone __________________________________________________ 2 181
Clay, yellow.-.---------______-_____________________.._______ 20 201
Gravel _____________________________________________________ 46 247
7-41-9c
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample) ------.----------_-___--___.____________________ 61 61
Gravel____________________________________________________ 9 70
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-41 -9c Continued

Caliche, sand, and gravelly clay_-__-_-_-__---__------.------- 104 174
Gravel; contains a few layers of caliche.-------------..------- 64 238
7-41-9cca
[Irrigation well. Surface altitude, 3,520.2 ft]
Soil..._---------_---_----.-.-----._------__------__. 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft _________________ ..__ 4 5
Sandstone, soft __-___________.__.______-----__--_---.------. 11 16
Caliche, hard ._-.___.._.-.......--_----------_... 7 23
Sand, fine______._____________________________ 2 25
Caliche-__________________________________ 10 35
Gravel ________..._______________.____ 12 47
Gravel and clay.._---._..-.-...__---._.__----_----_-.------_ 12 59
Gravel ......_.____....-........--_....---_.-.-._ 9 68
Clay, brown____.________________.___.____..._.____._-_-_-__ 11 79
Caliche, hard to soft ........__.........---....------.__--.. 78 157
Gravel, heavy______________________________________________ 15 172
Clay, brown...__..__...___...........__.____..-...__ 8 180
Caliche-__________________.....____.._____-___ 7 187
Gravel _____________..._______________ 25 212
Caliche-______________._____________-___ 2 214
Gravel ._.._.--_-...-......__.....----...-----------_ 8 222
Gravel and clay............._______.___-----._-..-_--------_- 2 224
Gravel ......_......_.._...__...-._..-.._....._ 14 238
7-41-17aaa
Soil, clayey.....-_--..._-_............-_-.-..------..-..... 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft, white, and clay...-.-----_-------.------------_- 2 5
Caliche...-.-.._......_.._..-.._....._....-__ 15 20
Gravel, cemented, firm .-------------_-----_------_-.---_--- 12 32
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel..._.__-.....__----_-_-_-_---_._-- 9 41
Caliche; contains some clay -_--.--_-_-----_-----_---_------. 13 54
Clay; contains thin layers of gravel....____-.-..---.---_----.. 10 64
Clay.________________________________________ 14 78
Rock, hard....__--.-.-.__-..........--__..----...--____ 5 83
Clay..__.________________.____________________ 4 87
Sandstone, hard .__._.._._.--..._...__......_.....___....__. 2 89
Clay. 6 95
Sandstone, hard --_-__.___.._____...___.__..___._._._..___._ 2 97
Clay---......._..---.._..__._.__.._........ 15 112
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel _____._______-..__._______._.._.. 8 120
Clay, calcareous, hard; contains some gravel___..__.___.-____. 14 134
Clay; contains sand and gravel __..-.....__--..___-_..-___... 18 152
Sand to coarse gravel; loose...._.-.-...-__-.._---_...__--... 10 162
Clay, sandy-..__..-___.._..._.._______...___.....__._...___ 2 164
Sand and gravel; loose -_.__._....______._______..____....___ 3 167
Clay, sandy....__........__..___,___......_.....____..._... 6 173
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel....._'J.......................... 14 187
BASIC DATA 399
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)

Clay, sandy________________________________________________ 7 194
Sand, to coarse gravel; loose________________________________ 8 202
Clay, sandy... ..........__..__.....__.....____. 10 212
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel -.-_.---__-._.....__.__________ 12 224
Clay, sandy....___._.......N.......__._.__.____._.____.___._ 2 226
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel ._-.__..-_.________________._.__. 29 255
7-41-18ddb
Topsoil ......___........___--.._...__..._.___.___ 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Clay ________________________ 11 12
Caliche, soft, and gravel ____________________________________ 3 15
Caliche, soft.................._......_................_.... 6 21
Caliche, hard.....__.....__.....__.....__.__.....__ 0.4 21.4
Sand and caliche..._________________________________________ 8.6 30
Sand ......__.....____..__..__.........__.__.____ 30 60
Sandstone, soft, and limestone _______________________________ 22 82
Limestone......-_-._--_.___._.___.__.....____.___..___.__. 15 97
Limestone, soft -----_----_____-__.____---__________________ 4 101
Limestone, hard .-._..._...._._._..__.....____._..__.-_.-. 1 102
Gravel; contains hard to soft streaks of sandstone and limestone. 18 120
Sand....____..___....__..______..__.._______ 15 135
Sand; contains streaks of sandstone.------_______________.___. 35 170
Sandstone and gravel _______________________________________ 35 205
Sand....._________________________________________________ 6 211
Boulders __________________________________________________ 19 230
Sand ..__________________________ 5 235
7-41-19a
[Drilled in 1944]
Soil......-_..-_..--..._...._..._..........._._.._....____. 8 8
Ogallala formation:
Caliche. ___._._.__._.___.____.______.__._____.___.____._ 11 19
Sand and caliche._-_-___._._.__._____..________.____________ 6 25
Sand and gravel ._._-.____.._..__...__...__._.__.__...___ 3 28
Rock, white.._............__..._...___._.._.._..__.._._.__. 4 32
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 8 40
Sandstone, soft, red _____________________________________ 5 45
Clay, red, and sand______________________________________ 13 58
Sandstone, soft, red ________________________________________ 2 60
Sand, fine, to gravel ________________________________________ 3 63
Clay, red, and sand_______________________________________ 4 67
Sand to medium gravel ____________________________________ 5 72
Sandstone, soft_____________________________________________ 7 79
Sandstone, hard __________________________________________ 2 81
Sandstone, soft_____________________________._______________ 19 100
Clay, red, and sand_______________________________________ 5 105
Sandstone, soft_____________________________________________ 5 110
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 10 120
Clay, red, and sand______________________________________ 22 142
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-41-19a Continued

Sandstone, red, medium-hard_---__---___-_--___--___________ 3 145
Clay, red, and sand_____________________.___________________ 5 150
Sand and caliche; medium-hard ___-_--_---_---__--___________ 14 164
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 11 175
Clay, red, and sand________________________________.________ 10 185
Sandstone, medium _________________________________________ 10 195
Rock, soft, and coarse sand ____________._______.___._______"_ 5 200
Rock, medium-hard ________________________________________ 5 205
Sandstone, porous __________________________________________ 3 208
Sand, very coarse, to fine gravel-_-__--_-_-_--__-__._,_______ 2 210
Gravel, fine to medium; contains sand and pebbles _____________ 30 240
7-41-21abb
Soil ________________________________________ 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Caliche and clay____________________________________________ 16 21
Caliche, clay, and sand _____________________________________ 32 53
Caliche, clay, and sand; hard __--_---___-_______-___.-_______ 17 70
Caliche, clay, and sand; hard ________________________________ 1 79
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 11 123
Caliche and clay.___________________________________________ 31 154
Sand, hard_________________________________________________ 1 155
Caliche and clay____._______________________________________ 36 191
Sand and gravel; dirty_______________________________________ 11 202
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 24 226
Clay ....______________1__________ 6 232
7-41-21
[West half of section]
Soil________________________________________________.___._ 2 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche____________ ______________________________ 23 25
Gravel, heavy._____________________________________________ 21 46
Caliche.________________________________ __________________ 4 50
Clay, sandy, soft ___________________________________________ 8 58
Caliche.___________________________________________________ 4 62
Clay, sandy, soft ___________________________________________ 16 78
Caliche.___________________________________________________ 30 108
Gravel _____ _ ______________________._-_-_.______ 25 133
Caliche.___________________________________________________ 43 176
Clay, sandy, soft (water-bearing)_____________________________ 37 213
Clay and gravel____________________________________________ 5 218
Gravel____________________________________________________ 23 241
Caliche.____________________________________________ _ _____ 7 248
BASIC DATA 401
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
7-41-21c
[Test hole]
Ogallala formation:
(No sample)__----__-__-_--_-______--__________-_____-______ 25 25
Gravel ____________________________________________________ 20 45
(No sample)__-_----_..__-_--__--__---_____-___-____-____---_ 15 60
Gravel ......__.__.___-.--..-.--....--...-_.__._....-. 12 72
Sand, clay, and caliche ______________________________________ 36 108
Gravel _----___-----_--_-----_-__---____-____-_____--______ 25 133
Sand, clay, and caliche ______________________________________ 43 176
Sand and clay.______________________________________________ 24 200
Clay and coarse gravel..--.. ________________________________ 18 218
Gravel, coarse __..___......_...__._______._____._.____.___. 23 241
Caliche, hard _----_---___--_____--__.______________________ 7 248
7-41-25adb
Soil.._____________________________..__.. 2 2
Soil, sandy, gray _________________________________________ __ 4 6
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, hard -___---__-._____--___-_____--____-___--___--._ 13 19
Sand, coarse -_____-__________--___-__________-_______-----_ 2 21
Caliche, hard ___-_______-___--____--____________--_-___---. 1 22
Gravel ____________________________________________ ________ 5 27
Clay, gray, and gravel ______________________________________ 2 29
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 3 32
Clay, brown.-.-____-____--___--___.__________-______-___--_ 7 39
Clay, sandy, gray__-___-_----_-__--__------_----____--__.--_ 12 51
Gravel, fine to medium -__---__-____-___-___-__-___-______-_ 3 54
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 2 56
Clay, sandy, brown _________________________________________ 4 60
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 3 63
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 4 67
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 3 70
Clay, brown, and gravel-____-_--__________-____.____-_____-_ 9 79
Caliche....________________________________________________ 3 82
Caliche, hard to soft________________________________________ 7 89
Caliche, hard --_.--__.__-.._.._________________._____._____ 5 94
Caliche, soft__-____-____-_____-______-____.--.__._________. 5 99
Caliche, hard __---------____--_____-___________________.___ 6 105
Sandstone, hard -_____-_____-__-.-_____.__..________________ 5 110
Rock, hard ----__--___-_-____.-____-_______________________ 10 120
Clay, sandy, brown ----_--_---__-_---____-________________-_ 5 125
Sandstone, cemented, hard __________________________________ 5 130
Sandstone, hard ____________________________________________ 9 139
Sandstone, cemented, hard to soft _-__-_----____-_____-_______ 16 155
Gravel, very fine to fine ____________________________________ 5 160
Gravel, fine _______________________________________________ 9 169
Gravel, very fine to medium_--_--______.___.__-___._____-._ 16 185
Clay, red________________,_________________________________ 31 216
Gravel____________________________________________________ 4 220
Clay_____ ____--...... .___ __--___--_-____._______ .5 220.5
Toble 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
7-41-28acb
Ogallala formation:
Soil, hard caliche, clay, and sand ___.._______-.--_._.-___-_-_ 21
Sand to medium gravel; dirty.________--___-___----__-_-_---- 22
Clay and caliche; contains some sand__.-._-.___-______._.__.- 56
Sand and gravel..--.-.-.-.---__-_.--__-----__-----_----.--- 7
Caliche, hard ... _._..___._.__..-_-._.--___._-_-_ --_-_-. 1
Caliche and clay; medium-hard; contains some sand ____--._.__ 14
Caliche and clay; very hard; contains some sand___-_._._____.- 2
Caliche and clay; hard; contains some sand .--._-__.___--__.-- 23
Caliche and clay; contains strips of sand and gravel___._-______ 35
Sand and gravel; contains strips of fine sand and some clay _____ 45
Gravel_-_---__--___-_-__-._______-___-_-_------------- ._-_ ____.
7-41-30ccc
Soil______________________. -. 2
Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel___-_____-_____-__-----_--_----------------- 14
Sandstone, red to brown...___-___.-----_-----_-------------- 11
Caliche...---...--.-..-----.----------------------.-------- 5
Sandstone, red ___________________---_---.-__.--_------__--- 3
Sand_____________.. ______________ --.. 1
Sandstone, red_.___-_.--_._.--_-__----__-------.--_-------- 4
Sand, fine, brown.-.--....___-.--_----__---_-.-----.-------- 12
Caliche.-.--.-_____________ . 5
Sandstone, hard .---__.__-___-...____-_------_-_--------_--- 3
Sandstone __---_----_._-_--___--__--_---------------------- 1
Sandstone, hard_----._-.__..___.__--__-_--___--_.___-_----- 10
Sand.._---_---. ----..--_-..--.____---------_-----------_-- 1
Sandstone. _---_.----..--_._._-__._-_-__--____-__-----_-_--- 4
Sand-...---.-__.____..____._.____._-----_-- 1
Sandstone, soft..-_._..._._.__._-..-_....-.--_--__----.__--_ 5
Sand.-_-.--..._---___.._._.__..-.--.-.._-___-------__--_-- 2
Sand to fine gravel __.--______-.___-__----_-_-------------- 4
Gravel, medium_--____.--__._--._.--____-.___-----_---__--- 1
Sandst one.---___----_-----__.-____----__------_---_-_------ 1
Sand, very fine, to medium gravel.__----_---_-_----_----__--- 12
Caliche. _._-___.---.._._.._____.___.______-__--___--____.-- 2
Sand, fine, red ___.__._._____...._..__.__-_._.----__-__-_--. 6
Caliche_____.__________________________ 7
Sand, fine, red, and clay.._-__---.__-------_----------------- 5
Sandstone.--__________--____-_________-____-__--___----__-_ 14
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel ___.___-__--_----_-----_-- 25
8-36-5cab
Ogallala formation:
Topsoil and fine dirty sand ___._..__.__._---______.._-._ 58
Caliche, clay, and gravel--.------.---_.__-_-__--__-----__-_ 5
Sand and gravel__--.-.---.__-_----- _..-_-_.._____-_-__--- 16
BASIC DATA 403
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-36-Scab Continued

Clay....__...______.__.__..__-__.___________. 35 114
Sand and gravel........__.._.___..-......_.-.----_-...._... 17 131
Clay.________________________________________ 2 133
Sandstone and clay ________-_______-_______--_-___-__-___--. 9 142
Rock _________________________________ ____ 142
8-36-27cab
Soil, black ...........__.....__.............__..____.. 12 12

Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy..............__________________________________ 8 20
Sandstone and molding sand _________________________________ 10 30
Caliche.....____._.................................... 2 32
Sand, molding .__._.._...._.__..._..._...._._........._..__ 17 49
Rock ........__......__.................__............ 6 55
Sand, molding _____________________________________________ 15 70
Rock _______________________._____________...__.... 1 71
Sand, molding ........._...__....____......_........__..._. 9 80
Rock ____________ ______ __ ___ __________ ______ 1 81
Sand, molding .....___--.--.-.-_-....-__.-..-.-..---.._._.. 11 92
Sand and gravel..__._____.__....____..___.._._.._.__.._._.. 15 107
Sand, molding ___.__.___.____.__.___..._____.____.________. 5 112
Gravel, medium ___________________________________________ 2 114
Sand, molding ...._..._.___...___.._..__..__.__...__..__._. 7 121
Rock, chalky.___________________________________ 4 125
Gravel, coarse..___________________________________________ 10 135
Sand, molding, red _.___.-__-_._.__________________________ 9 144
Rock. _____________________________________ 1 145
8-38-14cba
Dune sand:
Sand______________________________________________________ 20 20
Gravel..__________________________________________________ 30 50
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy__._________________.___________________________ 75 125
Sand and gravel____________________________________._______ 60 185
Clay, sand, and gravel; contains stringers of caliche.__....__. 40 225
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.._....____.....__.......__.------_.....-_. 18 243
Shale, gray.....___________________________________________ 62 305
8-38-32bbb
Dune sand:
Sand____________________________________ 32 32
Ogallala formation:
Caliche._________________________________ 8 40
Sand and gravel_.._..._.___________._.__.____-__._________ 70 110
Clay, sandy, red--__-_____-_____..-...-__-__.-_------____.. 50 160
Gravel. _____...._ __._..._._-.__-----__________ 13 173
Table 28. Drillers' lops of test holes, seismoflraph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet) .
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-.----.-.........._.-_.._---.---.-.--....-- 15
Shale, gray........_..___--_._-_.._--._--__..-.---___-__. 37
8-38-33aab
Ogallala formation:
Sand.-__-._._......-__..----_.---......_...-_...._.-_-.... 16
Caliche ___________________________________________________ 9
Sand and gravel_--.-___._...__-.-_-_._--__--_--_-_-___-_--- 80
Caliche, hard--........____________________________________ 22
Bentonite._________________________________________________ 8
Clay, sandy.__------__________-____-__---__-__---__--_---_. 16
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray_____.__________________________________________ 4
8-39-8bbb
Dune sand:
Sand....__________________________________________________ 10
Ogallala formation:
Clay. ..__.._..___----------__............_____.....__ 33
Gravel...._..._...._...__.._...._-_._..--.......__-.--..._ 17
Clay and caliche _-_-__-.__..__-.-_-_.___--..__..._..._...__ 45
Gravel____________________________________________________ 75
Caliche... .........___________________.__ 15
Sand..........---.-.._._._.._._.__._.___________._...__.__ 19
Clay; contains streaks of bentonite..........__......_______._ 81
Sand....-...-.-_.....__...__.____._...._._......._._..._.. 15
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray...__....._._...__._...._.___._.________________ 15
8-39-llbbb

Dune sand:
Sand, fine .._....______________._.______.__..._..._......__ 120
Ogallala formation:
Gravel, fine _______________________________________________ 64
Clay. ...________________________________.. 36
Caliche ___________________________________________________ 30
Sand and gravel._______.._._._.._.._...._._______.._._._._. 60
Clay _ ________________________ 40
Limestone.________________________________________________ 3
Bentonite...__.._._...._.__._...______...__....._.______ . . 47
8-39-20b

Clay, sandy-_______________________________________________ 2
Ogallala formation:
Caliche...__.._.-.......________________________________ 17
BASIC DATA 405
Table 28. Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-39-20b Continued

Sand__..__________________________________ 2 21
Caliche....________________________________________________ 6 27
Caliche, sand, and gravel ___-_-_____---_-_-__--_--__...___.. 3 30
Clay, sandy, brown __---_------_---_--------------._-------- 3 33
Caliche....-__..._...._.._.....____.........-......-...._._ 5 38
Clay, sandy, hard, brown._..__._..__.__.___...__--_-_.._..._ 14 52
Clay, brown --_....................-......._.._............ 13 65
Sand and gravel; brown .__.--____-__-.-___._.-__-___._.._... 6 71
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 9 80
Clay, brown, hard to soft____-_--____-__-_----___-_-_________ 15 95
Clay and caliche; soft; brown _---__-_---__--------_-_________ 8 103
Sand and gravel.___________________________________________ 3 106
Caliche and sand ___________________________________________ 5 111
Clay, sandy, brown _-___-_---_--_-----___-_-__--_-_.________ 18 129
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 11 140
Caliche._______________________________ 4 144
Caliche, hard ______________________________________________ 5 149
Caliche-...________________________________________________ 2 151
Caliche, medium-hard ______________________________________ 9 160
Caliche---.--______________________________________________ 9 169
Gravel and sand____________-__._________________-_.________ 3 172
Rock, hard to soft __________________________________________ 8 180
Caliche, hard to soft_-_---__----__-----_____-_--_-_.________ 10 190
Rock, porous, hard to soft___-------_--._______.-_-__________ 10 200
Sand --------._______-__.__________________________________ 5 205
Sand, loose ________________________________________________ 5 210
Sand ----__--_________._____________._________.___________ 10 220
Rock...........___________________________________________ 5 225
Sand, fine _________________________________________________ 10 235
Caliche, soft, white______-_________________.________________ 9 244
Clay, bright-red _______________________________ 22 266
Sand, coarse......_________________________________________ 12 278
Caliche. ______________._______________________________ 4 282
Sand, coarse_._________________.___________________________ 3 285
Pierre shale:
Shale, gray________________________________________________ 2 287
8-39-35ccc
Dune sand:
Sand, gravel, and clay __.-__-_--__---__-_--_-__----____.____ 110 110
Ogallala formation:
Caliche. _____________________________________________ 40 150
Sand, gravel, and clay._--__------__--_-__--------_--__-.__-_ Ill 261
Chert____________________________________ 1 262
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow _______________________________________________ 3 265
Shale, gray ___.______....___....___________________ 70 335
Toble 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and we Us Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-40-22dcc
Ogallala formation:
Soil and caliche....---_.----..__.__-._-..----__.--------._ 14 14
Sand; contains streaks of clay ______--_______--_______---__-_. 21 35
Sand, brown, and clay._______________---__-_-_---___-___-_-._ 10 45
Rock, hard ____________________________.._____ 2 47
Gravel, sandy, red____.______________________-__--_-----.__- 8 55
Gravel,loose...----__-...-.--..-_-.-_--._-------_---------- 10 65
Caliche and sand......-.-.---._.-.-.-----.------------_----. 12 77
Rock, hard._......__....__......._......_.......__..._._... 2 79
Caliche, sandy, medium-hard, brown-------------------------- 7 86
Caliche, sandy, hard to medium-hard, brown..._-.__-_---_----_ 9 95
Gravel,loose.__--______________________.__.---------------- 11 106
Gravel, coarse; contains streaks of caliche-------------------- 9 115
(No sample) _______ __ __ _____ _____ _____ ___ - 1 116
Caliche, soft ________________________..__ .. 13 129
Limestone and sand ___._______...__-_______.___-__.__---.___ 7 136
Sand and gravel; contains some white rock.-__-_-----_-__---_.- 19 155
Caliche; contains fine sand --_-....-__----.-----_----------_- 10 165
Sand, fine, and red clay.____________..__..__--_--_____--__--- 5 170
Sand, very fine to very coarse___..___-______------__--_------ 5 175
Sand to medium gravel--.-_---_--.-------------------------- 15 190
Sandstone, calcium carbonate cement, soft_._.--____-----___--- 20 210
8-40-26bcd
[Irrigation well drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman. Surface altitude, 3,430.1 ft]
Soil.-....-__.__.__-.--.-_...____.____.__.______. 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft .....-._....-_..._...-.....--._----.-..------.- 2 5
Sandstone, soft __-._.____-__._...___---_-_.--__---_.--_____. 3 8
Caliche _________ ___ __________________ __ ______ 11 19
Sand, fine, to medium gravel.____-_-.._--_..--_-__-__---_____ 10 29
Clay, sandy.....-_-._.---__._----..__.._..___.-.___._.-...._ 11 40
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains some clay..-_-._-_--_.._ 17 57
Clay, sandy....--._._._......_......__............_._....... 2 59
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains some clay....__..__..___ 6 65
Sandstone, soft, clay, caliche, and gravel._-_.--_---._.___---.- 5 70
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; contains some clay and sandstone.. 10 80
Clay, sandy.........__..____._._.._.__....._.._....._.___.. 10 90
Caliche, soft --..-....__.....____..____..__.____... 1 91
Clay, sandy..._.-_____._._.__._...__._.._.._._._....._.___.. 4 95
Sandstone, soft ......._.....__A......._....._.._. 16 111
Caliche, soft __.._.___....._.___-__..--.--._ 2 113
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel -____--.--__---...__.-________--_- 2 115
Gravel, fine to coarse, very good ..__----......-..-...._...... 10 125
Sandstone, caliche, sandy clay, and gravel -__---__-__.__-_-__. 45 170
Gravel, fine to coarse; contains some clay....-_--____.---_--.. 7 177
Clay, sandy...........__.__.__....__..__.__.__.__.. 16 193
Clay, sandy, hard __---.___.__..._._..__.____._....___.__._ 2 195
Clay, sandy...__.__.__._______.__.__........___. 10 205
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel ._-___.___-_---_--_.--__-.._ 30 235
Sand, fine to coarse, and clay......_.......__-_....__._.-_.__. 23 258
Pierre shale:
Shale _-.-.....____....___________...____..______ .5 258.5
BASIC DATA 407
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
8-41-28abc
Soil_________.___.____.___.........__....__. 2 2
Câllala formation:
Caliche.._______________.____________________ 3 5
Gravel .. -_----_-------_-----.-_.-__.-__--.-_.._____ 6 11
Clay; contains layers of caliche and some gravel._-_----_.-.--_ 26 37
Clay, firm; contains layers of caliche and some gravel .____.__. 2 39
Clay; contains layers of caliche and some gravel.._____________ 5 44
Clay, firm; contains layers of caliche and some gravel _________ 1 45
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel.__.__._._________._.__.____ 10 55
Gravel and clay; sandy ______-_----_---____--___-_---________ 1 56
Clay, sandy; contains some caliche___________________________ 26 82
Gravel _______________________.___._---___.____..__ 8 90
Clay, sandy---_--____________-._.__________________________ 16 106
Caliche-.--...__...______.____..__________________ 1 107
Clay and caliche; hard _--__-.-----_-___---_-_______-___---._ 10 117
Clay, sandy...__...____-_.-___.___________.---_..__ 16 133
Clay, sandy, hard---._-_-_______________..____._._--__-.____ 3 136
Clay, sandy ...____________________________________ 14 150
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; contains some clay _______________ 7 157
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel...-__-__--_____-_.._..-__-__-____ 27 184
Clay....___________________._______________... 3 187
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel.....____..._._._._.._.__.__ 10 197
Sandstone.__......_....._..______.....________._____.___.__ 3 200
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel................___.___-_____._.__ 6 206
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel...__.._____.______..____.__ 10 216
8-41-28ada
[Domestic and stock well drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman. Surface altitude, 3,527.2 ft]
Soil__________________________________________ 2 2
<""fallala formation:
Clay.__._____________________________________ 4 6
Caliche.-----__._____________._____________.__ 4 10
Clay__--.-___.._______________________________ 8 18
Gravel _-_-_-____.__..__...___.-_..._.___.._...._..________ 42 60
Clay.___________________________________________ 3 63
Gravel -------__-______.-_____--__.-...___._..___.___._____ 9 72
Clay; contains layers of caliche; hard ________________________ .5 81.5
Clay; contains layers of caliche ___________________________ 3.5 85
Clay; contains layers of caliche; hard._____________-..___._ .5 85.5
Clay; contains layers of caliche _______-___._______-.______ 9.5 95
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel.____---.-__________________.. 16 111
Clay; contains layers of caliche; hard ________________________ 1 136
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel.___________________________ 6 146
Clay, sandy, hard; contains some gravel .__________-_--___.___ 2 148
Clay, sandy; contains some gravel__________________________ 26 174
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel._________________________________ 16 190
Clay, sandy ________________________________________________ 16 206
Tierre shale:
Clay, buff _______________________________________ 24 230
Shale________________________________________ 4 234
_____ Toble 28. J Drillers' loas of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
8-41-34abc
Topsoil and clay...._________________________ 11

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel _____________________________ 4
Clay, sandy, and caliche (slow drilling). ________ 36
Sand and gravel _____________________________ 10
Clay, sand, and caliche_______________________ 15
Sand and gravel _____________________________ 11
Clay, sand, and caliche_______________________ 13
Sand and gravel _____________________________ 9
Caliche, sand, and clay (slow-drilling) _________ 13
Caliche, sand, and clay; hard ___-----__-__-___. 2
Caliche, sand, and clay._______________________ 31
Sand and gravel ______________________________ 13
Clay, sandy, and caliche; contains strips of sand 22
Sand and gravel _____________________________ 18
Sand, fine, dirty, and caliche._________________ 52
DUNDY COUNTY, NEBR.
2-39-28bbb
Ogallala formation:
Clay and sand; contains streaks of sandstone__-__-____-___-__ 120
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow______._________________________________________ 10
Shale, blue___-_______________._____________________________ 20
2-40-17abd
Topsoil.___________________________________________________ 3
Ogallala formation:
Caliche, soft _______________________________________________ 1
Sand, contains some clay ____________________________________ 16
Clay, hard, white ___________________________________________ 4
Caliche and clay; hard ______________________________________ 1
Caliche and clay____________________________________________ 2
Caliche and clay; hard ______________________________________ 3
Caliche and clay____________________________________________ 4
Caliche, soft, and coarse sand ______________________________ 12
Caliche, soft, and coarse sand; contains hard layers.-.--------, 4
Caliche, soft, and coarse sand _______________________________ 28
Sandstone, fine-grained, soft_________________________________ 8
Caliche-______________________________________ __________ 4
Sand, fine to medium________________________________________ 10
Caliche.___-_-__._._..._______________________...._____. 1
Clay; contains some caliche and a trace of gravel _____________ 15
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; contains some clay_-_.______-__-__ 7
Clay; contains a trace of gravel ______________________________ 14
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; contains some clay.____..-_--_-___ 5
Clay, sandy.. _______...___..________________________ 10
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel; loose. ___________________________ 20
BASIC DATA 409
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
2-39-2 8bbb C ontinued
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow-------_--_--_--_----__------__-_--.-____------ 8 180
'Shale----------------__.-------..-------.-----.-..------- 4 184
2-40-17cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand, sandstone, clay, and caliche.___-_----_---_____._.--__-- 100 100
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow.._________.____________________ 45 145
Shale, blue-___.___-______--_______-_.______.__..._----.. 55 200
2-41-15cdd
Ogallala formation:
Sand.._______________________________________ 15 15
Clay, sand, and caliche ---.--------_--.-__.__------------- 100 115
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow---.._----__-.-------------------.------------- 15 130
Clay, blue.__________.-_.___._______.___----... 5 135
2-42-35dda
Ogallala formation:
Sand.___________________________________ 10 10
Sand; contains streaks of clay-_-__-._..___..__-_.__..-_-____ 50 60
Clay....___________..__________.________ 10 70
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow--------..__----------__---__--_.-.___---.--- 5 75
3-39-15aaa
Dune sand:
Sand..-_------___--__-____----____---_____-_--_____-_-___- 95 95
Ogallala formation:
Clay____________________________________ 35 130
Sand and gravel__------------____-.-....----.-_._--__.. 160 290
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow---..__----------__-._-.--..-__-----__----- 10 300
Shale, blue _______________________________.----___-.___ 5 305
Limestone, gray ___________________________________________ 4 309
Shale, blue .__________________________________ 96 405
3-39-36bbb
Dune sand:
Sand__-__._____________..._____________________ 30 30
655012 O - 63 - 27
TofaUr28;^Pffflers^tofls of tesrfioles, seis othotes, and wells Continued
PERKINS COUNTY Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
Ogallala formation:
Clay, sandy___________________________-__---__-___-__---__- 30 60
Caliche ___-_-_.-.-_.__-_--___.--_.--__-----__----_-_-----_ 5 65
Gravel_-_-----_--____-__--___--_-_--_--_----------------__ 5 70
Caliche -_-_-_-_--.___--__-___________-___-__---_-_--_-_--- 140 210
Clay, red......__..___..___.___._._________-___.____._._.__ 25 235
Sand and gravel__-____-_--_____________-_----___-_------___ 24 259
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow ____________-_____________----_-_-_---__-_--___ 18 277
Shale, gray________________________________________________ 128 405
3-40-6bba
Dune sand:
Sand..-....-__...__-....-__..-.....--__----------_---__ 12 12
Ogallala formation:
Clay ..-----....._----__..----__.....__.._...__....-__.. 28 40
Sand.. .........__...........__..____..__.-......---_.. 45 85
Gravel-.---...............__.....__..-.--.--._--__--... 7 92
Caliche --_------_-...._-.__...._..._.----.-__-._....---___ 28 120
Sand; contains hard ledges.__._______._____-_-_-___.--_---___ 40 160
Sand--.......-_----_._.__.....__.....__---_.__--_---.. 130 290
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow _______________________________________________ 15 305
Shale, blue......__....-_.........._._._..............__... 45 350
HAYES COUNTY, NEBR.
5-33-22dbd
Sanborn formation:
Clay; contains strips of gravel.____.._. 121 121
Ogallala formation:
Clay, hard..__.______.___....._._.__. 2 123
Sand and gravel; cemented; hard ....... 38 161
Sand and lime; hard __.__.._._.__._... 21 182
Sandstone.____..___...___.______._._. 11 193
Clay................................ 15 208
Clay, hard___________________________ 2 210
Sand and gravel; hard.._______________ 13 223
Clay, compact _______________________ 15 238
Sandstone, soft, and lime__-__----_-__- 39 277
Shale, green _________________________ 6 283
Lime _______________________________ 4 287
Clay_____.___________.......________ 12 299
Gravel_--_--__----_-__-_-_-__-_--___ 11 310
Sand and gravel; contains strips of clay. 17 327
Clay, sandy__________________________ 13 340
Sand ____________-___--_-__._______ 4 344
Clay--__....._________._____________ 1 345
BASIC DATA 411
Toble 28. Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-33-30cba
[Irrigation well drilled by Mr. Troutman, 1943. Surface altitude, 2,764.2 ft]
Alluvium and Ogallala(?) formation, undifferentiated:

(No sample)......__________________________________________ 36 36
Gravel _________________________________ 65 101
Pierre shale:
Shale______________________________________ _____ 101
5-34-28bca
Soilblack.____---__-_-__.-____-______________________ 3 3
Ogallala formation:
Clay, yellow.....___._-.__.___--__.____________________ 49 52
Sand to medium gravel _____________________________________ 10 62
Sand, coarse _______________________________________________ 35 97
Gravel, fine to medium, and white rock _______________________ 18 115
Gravel to pebbles.-------.--..___._---.-__.--_.____----- 10 125
Mud, black..._________________________________________ 1 126
Sand, fine, red ..-__-___----____--__----__________--_--___--_ 3 129
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow....________--_--_______.._______._....___..____ 6 135
Shale_________________________________________ ____ 135
5-34-34aac
Soil-.___-_---_-_--_._-._.-__.-.._____________________.._. 24 24
Alluvium:
Sand ___________________._-..-.____.,__________....- 5 29
Gravel ---.__-_._________.__________________________ 2 31
Sand, coarse __.----__-____--____.____..._____._______..____ 1 32
Sand, medium to very fine ___________________________________ 13 45
Sand, coarse_______________________________________________ 3 48
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 3 51
Sand, coarse _______________________________________________ 5 56
Gravel, coarse ___--__--___-.______________________________ 3 63
Sand, coarse _______________________________________________ 7 70
Sand, very coarse __________________________________________ 6 76
Pierre shale:
Clay, yellow..______________________________________________ 3 79
5-34-36db
Soil______________________________________
Alluvium:
Clay, blue..___________________________________ 13 19
Sand, fine to coarse_________________________________________ 11 34
Gravel, coarse, cemented ___________________________________ 1 35
Sand,medium ______________________________________________ 3 38
655012 O - 63 - 28
Toble 28. » Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness
(feet)
5-34-36db Continued
Alluvium Continued
Sand, fine___-__--_--__._____.___-__-___-__-_--_-_---_--..---- 1
Sand,fine, to gravel __________________________________________ 12
Sand, fine to coarse__-___________________---_--_---_---_--_- 4
Clay, sandy.!_-_-___-____________-_-__--_-----___-_------- 8
Sand, fine, to gravel ____________.____-__-__-__-_--------- 6
Sand, medium, clayey _________-_______-__-__-_-----_-__---_- 2
Sand, fine, to gravel ___________________._______-__--__-_--_- 5
Pierre shale:
Shale_____________________________________
5-34-36ddb
Soil, silty..___...___________.......................
Alluvium:
Sand, fine.......-...._.._...._._.....-_..----.-.-.-..-..--. 4
Gravel and sand __________________________________________
Sand, coarse; contains some large white pebbles __-----__--_-._ 13
Gravel, coarse___._.._._.___._.____..___.___.___-.__...___- 12
Sand, coarse__._-___-__.__._.__.__-._-_.-.-__._.-_--_--_.__ 7
Sand, very coarse. --_____-.__.._.-._-.--.-_-----_-._._...- 3
Sand, medium ______________________________________________ 5
Sand, fine.._____..__.______...__.___.-_.-..__ 2
Sand, fine to very coarse -_-__--____-__--__-----_--_--_-__-
Sand; contains streaks of clay_._____.___-___-__________--__-_ 1
Sand, medium, to coarse gravel __--__.-.-_.--_--__------_--._ 6
Sand, coarse_____.__.._.__.______._.._..______._----_-._-.- 2
Sand and gravel _.________________________________________ 3
Gravel, coarse _. _______________________________________
Pierre shale:
Shale______________________......................
5-34-36ddd
Soil.________._______________________________ 26
Alluvium:
Sand,fine._______________________________________.____-.. 4
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel__._.________.-_--._.__._____._ 4
Sand, very fine to coarse ____________________________________ 3
Gravel, coarse; contains some sand __________________________ 4
Sand, coarse ___.________.____.__.__._____.___.____._.___.__ 2
Sand, fine to coarse.._.___.._._..______._____________.______ 4
Sand, very fine to fine _..._._.______..___.____._..._.-____ 1
Sand, coarse; contains some gravel._-______-_---__----_-__--_ 2
Gravel, coarse; contains some sand __________________________ 2
Sand, coarse; contains some gravel___.__.._.-_--.--._---_-.-. 3
Sand, fine..____________________________________________ 4
Sand, coarse _______________________________________________ 3
Sand, fine..__.__._.._.___.._._____________.____..._... 6
Sand, fine to coarse__________..._____________....__.-.-. 1
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel....._________________._.__._ 6
Sand, coarse, to gravel_____________________________________ 10
Pierre shale:
Shale________________________________________ ___
BASIC DATA 413
Toble 28. Drillers' Iocs of test holes, seismograph shot holes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
5-35-2laaa
Alluvium:
Clay, yellow.--------._------.----.----.-_-----_------ 20 20
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; calcareous --..---___-_-___---_-- 8 28
Clay, blue________________________________ 5 33
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; calcareous _.-.-__-_ ---.-.--_-_ 16 49
Gravel, medium, to fine sand; calcareous... _-__-__---__-----__ 4 53
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; calcareous _.__-___-_-_-.-_-___.- 24 77
Sandstone, hard...__---___-____--____-___._________________- .25 77.25
Sand, fine, to medium gravel; calcareous -___--_-__-___.-__-__ 5.75 83
5-35-22bda
Soil __________ _______________ _____________ 17 17

Alluvium:
Sand, clayey.-..._.._---------...._.-.....---_--.... 6 23
Clay._______________..___.__________ 8 31
Clay, sandy.........................._........._...........- 3 34
Gravel, coarse, sandy _.-..--...___._._.___...._.-._._._.__.. 3 37'
Sand, very fine to fine ..___......___._..._.__...._._...__.... 1 38
Sand, fine to coarse _---_-_---._-__._.__..._...._..._...._... 7 45
Sand, fine............_.._....._..._..._...._... 5 50
Sand, very fine.----_-_-_.__.__._-__.___...-.._....__..-..._- 7 57
Sand, coarse, to fine gravel--_._---....-_._.......___....__._ 3 60
Sand, very coarse to fine _._._____._._.__._.._.___.____.._... 2 62
Gravel, coarse, and sand ____________________________________ 2 64
Pebbles to fine sand _-____.________________________________ 1 65
Sand, coarse, well-sorted..._._._._...__..___..._..________.. 2 67
Gravel, coarse, and sand -_----_--___.--__._-.._._._._._._.__ 8 75
Gravel, very coarse; contains some pebbles..__________________ 5 80
Gravel, coarse to very coarse, sandy__________________________ 5 85
Sandstone_______________________._--__--_______.__________ 3 88
Sandstone; contains some shale._______.______________________ 12 100
6-35-17bda
Soil ______________________________________ 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Clay, yellow.. _._____________________ 49 54
Sand and gravel.____________________________________________ 5 59
Lime, decomposed __________________________________________ 61 120
Clay, yellow____________________________________ 12 132
Lime, decomposed _________________________________________ 3 135
Sand, fine....__..__.__.___.-___._________________ 5 140
Sand and gravel__-____-____.________________________________ 20 160
Lime, decomposed _________________________________________ 4.2 164.2
Sand and gravel_.___________________________________________ 11.8 176
Lime, decomposed __________________________________________ 8 184
Sand.. _ _____________________ 6 190
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-35-17caa
[Test hole drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1942]
Alluvium:
Soil.... .....__.__.__...._________________.. 4 4
Clay, brown _______________________________________________ 52 56
Mud, black ________________________________________________ 3 59
Sand, fine.---___----__..____._____._._._______._______.____ 6 65
Sand and gravel_--..__.._..___..___.__.__..______..._____.. 18 83
Clay, yellow _________________________.....___.._.__._.__. 4 87
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 16 103
Clay, yellow __.___.__----____--______----_-------.------ 3 106
Sand and gravel_-_---_-_-__-____----.-----___--_--_---_--.- 6 112
Ogallala formation:
Limestone, decomposed..___________________________________ 5 117
Clay, sandy________________...____..____..__ 13 130
Sand, coarse.......__.______.__.__-.-_.______-____-__- 30 160
Pierre shale:
Shale, brown._______________________--_---__--.--__.__. 25 185
6-35-l7cadl
Soil_______________________... 6 6
Ogallala formation:
Silt, sandy--______--_______-_____-______-___-_-___-----_-_- 3 9
Sand and gravel_-._-----_-_---_-.----_----------.--_--__-.- 12 21
Silt, black ____.._____.__.....___._______.-_..-__--_-_-_--_. 6 27
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 18 45
Limestone _________________________________________________ 11 56
Sand and gravel-_-.__.--..__.-_--------.-_--------------. 27 83
6-35-l7cad2
Soil...---_---_...-___----....__._______.--_---_---.--- 5 5
Ogallala formation:
Clay, yellow _.__---_____--._________-----__.__-___.-__. 26 31
Sand and gravel_-__-____-___.._____-.____--___-_---___-_--_ 15 46
Limestone-_____-_______________________-____-__-___---_--- 10 56
Lime.---_---_---------.__-__---_-------------------_----- 19 75
Sand, fine--_____--_....___--_...._--__----_-.--------_.---- 6 81
Lime. ________________________________--_,_--_ .-__---_ 18 99
Sand, fine, and clay________-____________-_-_-__-__---_--_-__ 12 111
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 4 115
Lime, soft_________________________________________________ 19 134
Sand_____________________________________ 12 146
Lime, soft_____.-_-________-____________---__---_--___----_ 13 159
Sand and gravel__-----_-_---_____---_-__------__-----_-_.-- 11 170
Sand__________________________________._ 8 178
Lime, soft._______________________________________________ 6.3 184.3
Sand and gravel____________________________________________ 9.7 194
Pierre shale:
Shale, brown_____________________________________________._ 10 204
BASIC DATA 415
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
6-35-17cda
[Test hole drilled by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1942. Surface altitude, 3,010.5ft]
Soil.. ------------- ....-..._...._...-.._......._...._...-_. 5 5

Ogallala formation:
47 52
3 55
18 73
24 97
25 122
6-35-17dcc
Soil.. ___ .. ____ _ .. _ ___ ________ __ __ __ ... 5 5

Ogallala formation:
43 48
3 51
25 76
HITCHCOCK COUNTY, NEBR.
3-34-12bdd
[Irrigation well drilled by Kerst Drilling Co., 1953]

225 225
20 245
10 255
Clay...... ----__.-.---.-------.----.-.----------------_---. 10 265
25 290
23 313
Pierre shale:
Shale..-.---.- __ .......------- __ .....__..-... __ .-....-. 7 320
4-33-5ccd
[Test hole]
Tertiary and Quaternary deposits, undifferentiated:

(No sample) ________________________________________________ 35 35
9 44
2 46
3 49
2 51
5 56
2 58
Sand, coarse, to coarse gravel ..___._..__.__._____.._...___.. 3 61
2 63
3 66
19 85
Pierre shale:
Shale _ _ . _______ _________________ _________ 85
416 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY. FRENCHMAN CREEK BASEST
Thickness
(feet)
4-33-15b
[Test hole drilled by Mr. Troutman, 1943]
TopsoiK?)_______________________________________ 28
Tertiary and Quaternary deposits, undiff erentiated:
Clay and silt.______________________________________________ 5
Sand _-_-.-___--.________-_-__.____---_.____.___ 3
Gravel____________________________________________________ 14
Sand, coarse_______________________________________________ 6
Gravel, coarse _____________________________________________ 18
Limestone and clay_________________________________________ 2
Gravel, coarse____.________________________________________ 16
Pierre shale:
Shale.___________________________________
4-34-laaa
[Irrigation well drilled in 1942]
Soil(?)_ ______ ______________________________ 26

Alluvium:
Silt, sandy____-____-_-__-__._______________________________ 4
Clay, sandy__---___----_.__________________________________ 2
Sand, coarse_______________________________________________ 2
Sand, very coarse, well-sorted ______________________________ 1
Sand and gravel---_---__-_-_-_____.________________________ 3
Sand, fine__________________________________________________ 2
Sand, fine to coarse.________________________________________ 2
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel _________________________________ 4
Sand, fine, to gravel ________________________________________ 1
Sand, fine to very fine.______________________________________ 6
Sand, very fine to coarse____________________________________ 8
Sand, coarse, to very coarse gravel __.--___-__-__--__----_.__ 6
Sand, fine, to very coarse gravel___--___--_____-_____________ 28.5
Pierre shale:
Shale. _________________________--_-_-_.______________
4-34-lbbc
SoiK?)---_.----__-_____.______________________.___________ 32
Alluvium :
Sand, black________________________________________________ 2
Sand, fine, white____________________________________________ ll
Sand, fine_____.____________________________________________ 3
Sand, very fine to fine_______________________________________ 10
Sand, very fine, to coarse gravel_____________________________ 15
Sand, fine, to gravel ________________________________________ 5
Sand, coarse.______________________________________________ 2
Ogallala formation:
Sandstone and sand _________________________________________ l
Sandstone, clay balls, and fine sand __________________________ 4
BASIC DATA 417
Table 28.-* Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued______
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-36-7cbc
Ogallala formation:
Sand, gravel, caliche, and clay________________________________ 34 34
Clay . .... 5 39
Gravel________________________________________________.... 6 45
Clay; contains sand and caliche ______________________________ 20 65
Sand and gravel _____________________________________________ 5 70
Clay; interbedded with sand __________________________________ 23 93
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 4 97
Clay. ________________ 34 131
Gravel------___----_-_-_-___-_._______________________.____ 12 143
Clay... . ._ __________________________ 7 150
9-36-19dbd
Ogallala formation:
(No sample)_--_____-_______________________________________ 8 8
Gravel____________________________________________________ 12 20
Gravel, dirty.-_-_________________________________________ 10 30
Caliche..___________________________________________________ 5 35
Gravel_____________________________________________________ 25 60
(No sample)_________________________________________________ 2 62
Clay, silty, and gravel_______________________________________ 28 90
Gravel-__-_---_---._________..__.._________________________ 80 170
9-41-6dca
Topsoil and clay.___________________________________________ 8 8

Ogallala formation:
Caliche and sand ____________________________________________ 18 26
Sand _________________ 17 43
Sand and clay ________--_-_-----_-_.________________________ 17 60
Sand, medium to fine_______________________________________ 8 68
Sand___ __ -_-_----_-.__________________________ 5 73
Gravel, medium to fine._-----___.__-________.________________ 10 83
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 3 86
Sand, fine___.-______________________________________________ 4 90
Gravel-------_-__-_---_.________________________.__________ 15 105
Caliche and clay_____________________________________________ 6 111
Sand, fine, and caliche _______________________________________ 14 125
Sand, fine___________________________________________________ 6 131
Sand, coarse_______________________________________________ 3 134
Caliche and clay_____________________________________________ 8 142
Caliche, clay, and gravel______._____________._______________ 4 146
Caliche and clay_____________________________________________ 7 153
Caliche, clay, and sand _--.------___--____-__________________ 2 155
Caliche, clay, and gravel____________________________________ 6 161
Caliche and clay; contains some sand_________________________ 5 166
Caliche, clay, and sand ____________________________________ 3 169
Toble 28. < Drillers' logs of test holes, seismograph shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
9-41 -6dca Continued

Caliche, hard________________________ - - 0.5 169.5
Clay.____---------___----________--_-_---______.-__.. 10.5 180
Sand_____________..____..__________________ 7 187
Caliche and clay...-_-__---___--____-----__--__------------ 3 190
Sand, coarse, cemented...-_____--______-__-_-_-_--_-------_ 11 201
Sand,loose ________________________ ...................^. 13 214
Sand and gravel; loose.______________---____-_____-___-_--_- 50 264
9-41-35aad
[Irrigation well drilled by Ellithorpe and Putman, 1951. Surface altitude, 3,519.7ft]
Topsoil_--_----___----___-___-_____---___--_-__--------__- 1 1
Ogallala formation:
Caliche-_______________________._______ 14 15
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel--__---_-___---_---_---__----_--_ 8 23
Clay, sandy__._________________-_-__--------_----------_ 2 25
Sand, fine, to coarse gravel-___-______---_---_-__--_-_--_--_ 19 44
Clay______________________________________ 5 49
Gravel..-___--____-.______________-__._--_-.------------ 20 69
Clay-.---...--.-..__..-..._.......-....-----.----__---.- 14 83
Clay; contains some gravel ___.---_____-___---_-_-_--.---__- 11 94
Clay....__..--.__....................__.....---.-.... 12 106
Gravel--....--.._.-.___.___._________.___-____---_----.-- 8 114
Gravel; contains layers of hard limestone.._____________..__-_ 11 125
Clay, sandy......._______________________________--_.----. 16 141
Clay, sandy, and gravel..___________________________________ 2 143
Clay, sandy..-.-..__...__.._.._.._........_--...-_-._-__.-. 13 156
Clay, sandy; contains hard layers---_____---_---__---__------ 10 166
Clay, sandy.._.__.._..._...__..__..___.__.._....-..__.-_... 8 174
Gravel___________________________________ 2 176
Clay, sandy.........._._.__.._....._........_...._..._._.._ 3 179
Caliche, hard; contains some gravel and clay..-___-__--__--__ 7 186
Clay, sandy, soft; contains some graveL--.-------------.-.--. 10 196
Clay, sandy, soft to hard; contains some gravel ____-__-__-__._ 9 205
Sandstone, soft, green _____..._.._...._._._..______..__.____ 11 216
Clay, sandy; contains hard layers---------------------------- 10 226
Sandstone, soft; contains some clay and gravel ----______-_---_ 10 236
Clay, sandy...__---.._..--..--.___.__.__.___..______..... 3 239
Sandstone; contains some gravel---_.___.-_--__--_---._.---._ 7 246
Sandstone, soft ____________________________________________ 19 265
Clay, soft, green.........___....____.___________-_____.___. 12 277
Sandstone --_-_-_-__---__-______-____--____---__---____---- 7 284
Clay.-...__-_--_.-..____________...__________ 39 323
Clay, hard _________.._________....__________-..____. 2 325
Clay__..._______________________________ 1 326
10-39-7cca
Topsoil and clay...________________________________________ 27 27

Ogallala formation:
Sand and clay.----_----__-.-_______________________________ 9 36
Rock ________________________.--._______ 1 37
BASIC DATA 419
Table 28. Drillers' logs of test holes, seismoaravh shotholes. and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-39 -7cca Continued

Sandstone, hard______-_____-________________________________ 3 40
Sandstone, medium-hard, and clay ____________________________ 3 43
Clay......__-_-_-----_--_----____--________-_-____-___... 29 72
Sand._____________________________________________________ 9 81
Caliche ____________________________________________________ 1 82
Sandstone __________________________________________________ 8 90
Sand_______________________________________________________ 10 100
Sand, coarse________________________________________________ 13 113
Clay, sandy, brown..________________________________________ 7 120
Sandstone, coarse-grained ___________________________________ 2 122
Sand_______________________________________________________ 6 128
Sand and gravel; loose.._____________________________________ 4 135
Clay and sand _-___-._-.._-.._____________________.__....__. 6 141
Clay, sandy, brown, and caliche.______________________________ 14 163
Sand and gravel______-___--_________________________________ 17 180
Clay and caliche; hard; contains traces of sand_----___-__-._-__ 13 193
Sand and gravel_.____.______________________________________ 16 209
Caliche, hard, and clay; contains a few pebbles-----_----_---___ 14 223
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 7 230
Clay and caliche ---_-____---_--____--____-__________________ 42 272
Sand and gravel_____________________________________________ 21 293
Caliche and clay ____________________________________________ 4 297
Sand and caliche ____________________________________________ 8 305
Caliche, hard, and clay ______________________________________ 10 315
10-39-16cbb
[Oil-test hole drilled by Ohio Oil Co. Surface altitude, 3,456 ft]
Dune sand:
Soil, sandy _________________________________________ 25 25
Ogallala formation:
Sand, coarse, subangular.____________________________ 55 80
Gravel, quartzitic, medium-rounded, dark-colored _____ 70 150
Clay, brown -red ____________________________________ 15 165
Sand, coarse, medium-rounded, pink_---___--___-_-___ 20 185
Clay, brown-red; contains streaks of sand _.-___.______ 15 200
Sand, coarse, quartzitic, angular______________________ 30 230
Clay, calcareous, white; contains streaks of coarse sand 30 260
Sand, coarse, angular, varicolored____________________ 130 390
Brule(?) formation:
Clay, silty, calcareous, white to buff _ ________ _________ 50 440
Shale, bentonitic, greenish-white. _____________________ 33 473
Pierre shale:
Shale, calcareous, soft, black __---_____-_-__--_______ 473
10-39-17abd

Soil and clay; calcareous.______________________ 31 31
Sand and gravel; contains some boulders _____._. 32 63
Clay, brown_____---_--___-__________________. 3 66
420 GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASDT
Toble 28. ^-Drillers' Ions of test holes, seismograph shotholes, and wells Continued
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-39-l7abd Continued
Dune sand and Ogallala formation, undifferentiated Continued

Sandstone __----_-_--_---__-__-___---__--__-__-__----_-__-- 5 71
Rock---_---------__--_________________-___-____-__.-- 1 72
Clay, and gravel.__..__.-_..-..__----------------- .. 1 73
Clay.______________________________________ 17 90
Sand to fine gravel ________________________________________ 7 97
Sand to coarse gravel---__-___-.._.--__-____-_-.--_----.___ 13 110
Clay, calcareous, and sand ---.__-__-__----_--_----------__- 13 123
Sand and gravel; contains balls of clay __.___-_--_-_-_----__-- 37 160
Sand; contains small amount of clay._--_--_._-_--_----_---_-- 6 166
Clay; contains thin strips of gravel __________________________ 5 171
Clay.__.__--...-__.-___...-_____.__.....__...--._.-- 7 178
Sand and gravel; slightly cemented __________________________ 19 197
Clay.____..__.........._.-.__....-...._...-_.....__-. 16 213
Sand and gravel; cemented_.-__-___.-__.--___._._-___.--__.. 12 225
Caliche-______________________________________ 7 232
Rock, hard..-..____.._......._._._..---____.--_.__.. 6 238
Sand, fine; contains strips of caliche_________________________ 8 246
Caliche and fine sand ______________________________________ 9 255
Sand to medium gravel.__._.._..--.-_.-._._.__._..____.__-_ 20 275
Clay, brown, and sand; contains strips of caliche___-._-_____-_ 18 293
Rock; contains layers of sand _______________________________ 1 294
Rock, hard__________._______________________._-_-. __.__ 294
10-39-23dbb
[Oil-test well drilled by Ohio Oil Co. Surface altitude, 3,407 ft]

Sand, quartzitic, felspathic, subangular, varicolored.__________ 100 100
Gravel and sand; quartzitic; medium rounded; varicolored _____ 70 170
Sand, quartzitic, felspathic, subangular, and calcareous rose-
colored silt_______________________________.______________ 30 200
Sand, quartzitic, subrounded, rose-colored; contains stringers
of gravel and calcareous silt __________,__---_--_--__--____ 40 240
Sand, coarse to fine, quartzitic, felspathic, calcareous cement,
white to varicolored _-____-________________--___---_--__._ 150 390
White River group:
Silt, light-tan __________________________________ 30 420
Sand, quartzitic, angular, white__--___-___________.-_-_._____ 24 444
Pier re shale:
Shale... ____________________________________ ____ 444
10-40-lcdb
Soil and clay ______________________________________________ 8 8

Ogallala formation:
Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 15 23
Gravel, cemented, hard ___________________________________ 3 26
Caliche, clay, and sand; cemented; hard___-_________.._-_____ 93 119
Sand and gravel ___________________________________________ 5 124
Clay--__---_.___--__.______________________--.__- 14 138
Sand and gravel _________________________________________ 28 166
Caliche, clay, and sand_____.--_____-___._________._--___. 24 190
Clay; contains some gravel _.__________________________ 17 207
BASIC DATA 421
Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
10-40-lcdb Continued

Gravel..____________________________________ 11 218
Clay; contains a trace of gravel -_------._---------_---__---- 29 247
Gravel..____________________________________ 11 258
Caliche, very hard--------_-..--------......_--_---..._.--- 7 265
10-40-Seed
[Oil-test well]
Ogallala formation:
Clay_______________________________________ 11 11
Sand and gravel............_____________________.___._.__ 51 62
Shale(?)________________________..____________ 131 193
Sand._____________________________________ 22 215
Lime, brown ._....._.-..............__.........._...__.... 132 347
Shale(?), sandy __________________________________ 53 400
White River group:
Clay, silty, slightly calcareous, white; contains abundant caliche
and a little quartzitic coarse sand__________________________ 90 490
Pier re shale:
Shale, clayey, silty, micaceous, slightly calcareous, slightly
stained with soft. dark-gray limonite. _-____---_-----__-.____ 30 520
10-41-lldab2
Ogallala formation:
Soil and clay.______________________________________________ 20 20
Sand and gravel______-__-_._______________________________ 58 78
Clay _______________________ 15 93
Sand and gravel_-___-_----_-..___-___..._.__._.__.._.____.. 41 134
Clay. .-_________________ 9 143
Sand and gravel; contains a few strips of clay-------_-------- 36 179
Clay.------.__........_____.----.....__.____..... 16 195
Sand and gravel-_-_-_--____._.__-.__._.-----_-.._..-------- 14 209
Clay. ...-._ __________.____________ 14 223
Clay and caliche _.-._.---..._____._....--.-.--.--__..__._. 19 242
Sand and gravel...--._.-_._...._.._._..------------_.---_-. 6 248
Clay .......___________________ 15 263
Clay, caliche, and sand __.__._._____.._-...___.._.__.___..._ 10 273
Clay . . ......._______________ 25 298
Sand and gravel..._-_---_...__._._...._._...._....___.__.. 6 304
Clay.-...-. ........__..___..__,____------__.. 32 336
Sand and gravel._._._-...._-_--__._________.____-_-________ 12 348
Clay . . _______________ 14 362
Sand and gravel_------.---___________-_____.__.__.__....___ 2 364
Clay.. _ .....___.....____..__._______ 6 370
Sand and gravel..__________________________________________ 2 372
Clay . ___________________ 3 375
11-39-21bcd
Topsoil and clay ..._..______________...._.___._........._ 5 5

Thickness Depth
(feet) (feet)
11 -39-2 Ibcd Continued
Ogallala formation:
Clay, hard________.....______________________.. 19 24
Gravel, cemented, hard _-__-----____---------_-_----_------- 1 25
Sand and gravel ____________________________________________ 19 44
Clay_____...-_._--.._...____...-._.-.._..________--. 4 48
Caliche____________...________________________ 1 49
Clay.._________________.____..___________ 16 65
Sand and gravel-___--_-_-.-___._.---__------_.----_.------_ 31 96
Clay and gravel_--.---____--_-.__----_-.--_--.-.--.-_----_- 10 106
Rock, hard ----_----._-___________________________________ 1 107
Clay, hard, brown; contains some gravel._____________________ 28 135
Gravel, cemented, hard -----______--_---___---_-_-__------__ 3 138
Clay _._.______-..___________-._..--___--_-.__________ 9 147
Gravel-----_-_-_--_____________________________.___-__-__- 9 156
Clay________.______________________________ 12 168
Caliche, hard ________.-----_-.___---_-_---___--.__----_-- 1 169
Clayandgravel; hard _----__________---_-___----_-__-------- 2 171
Rock, hard _______________________________ 1 172
Gravel, cemented, hard _____________________________________ 2 174
Clay. _____ ..._____________.__________ 39 213
Sand and gravel-____--______.________________________-_---. 10 223
Clay _._..____---.-_____________________________________ 20 243
Sand and gravel--_---_--_________--___-___--__--___-_--_-__ 10 253
Clay, caliche, and sand _-_--______--___---_-_._______------_ 67 320
Sand and gravel; loose--___________-__________--____,--_-_-. 8 328
Table 29. Records of wells in the Frenchman Creek basin, Colorado and Nebraska
Well number: See text for description of well numbering system. Measuring point: Bcop, bottom of cutout in pump housing; Bhc, bottom
Type of well: B, bored well; DD, dug and drilled well; Dn, driven well; of hole in casing; Bpb, bottom of pump base; Hp, hole in pump; Hpb,
Dr, drilled well; Du, dug well. hole in pump base; Ls, land surface; Tah, top of air hole; Tc, top of
Depth of well: Measured depths are given in feet and tenths below casing; Tdp, top of discharge pipe; Tpb, top of pump base.
measuring point; reported depths are given in feet below land- Depth to water: Measured depths to water level are given in feet and
surface datum. hundredths; reported depths are given in feet.
Type of casing: C, concrete (brick, tile, rock, or pipe); N, none; P, Yield: M, measured; R, reported.
iron or steel pipe; W, wood. Drawdown: M, measured; R, reported.
Character of material: G, gravel; S. sand. Remarks: A 60, 60 acres irrigated (or number shown); Ari, automatic
Geologic source: A, alluvium; D, dune sand; O, Ogallala formation. recorder installed; Bw 2, battery of 2 wells (or number shown);
Method of lift and type of power (first letter): C, cylinder; Cf, centri- Cow, constructed as an observation well; L, log of well given in
fugal; F, natural flow; J, jet; N, none; T, turbine, (second and third table 27 or 28; Ps-246, Pierre shale at 246 ft (or depth shown); Ta,
letters); B, butane engin«; D, diesel engine; E, electric motor; G, aquifer test made at well; Ca, sample collected for analysis; Ssu,
gasoline engine; H, hand operated; N, none; P, propane engine; Tr, sprinkling system used; U 2, unused 2 years (or number shown).
tractor; W, windmill.
Use of water: C, cemetery; D, domestic; I, irrigation; N, none; O,
observation; P, public supply; RR, railroad; S, stock.
Principal ^
to water - .Measuring point « ?
bearing ja a,
3e , «H c ci
bed
(ii
iwell
of
ameter to
epth
leve
Owner or tenant above
[sortance fi^ water point
measuring of
ate
measureme a
Well U i E-" Q Q E" U O g £> O Q E Q Q Q tf U
GO
LOGAN COUNTY, COLO.
§
Dr 177 4 P S.G O c.w S Tc 0.2 4,170.2 170.10 &-12-52

1 T 3,3-3, iF SchSlCll'tGT*] C Dr i 70 fi 5 P S,G O C W D,S Tc .5 4,163.0. 153.40 ft- 4-52 ::::
Dr 1 QA 4 P S.G O C *W D.S Tc 1.0 170.10 ft- 7-52 Ca
26baa_ _ Robert Hinde Dr 182 6 P S.G 0 c.w D.S Tc .5 4,125.5 166.10 8- 5-52
31cbc W. Felderman _ __ Dr 238 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc 0 4,222.9 201.44 8-20-52
34bba __ John Cramer _ .- __ Dr 196 5 P S.G O c.w N Tc .9 4,130.4 174.30 8- 5-52
49- 3cbd.__ John Wiever Dr 140.3 6 P S.G O c.w S Bpb 1.4 4,283.5 123.30 8-14-51
6dbc E.G. Mollohan. 1900 Dr 81.1 6 P S.G O N N Tc .6 4,310.3 59.56 8-15-51
llddd ... K. P.Schaefer _ ____ Dr 133.5 5 P S.G O N N Tc .4 4,225.9 117.24 __ do ...
33baa __ Emil Knobbe__ ____ Dr 120.0 4 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc 1.0 4,246.8 81.29 8-21-52
50- 5ccc Jacob Bauder Dr 143.5 6 P S.G 0 N N Tc -.4 4,448.2 124.68 8-14-51
lOcba R. J.Schroeder. __ Dr 100 6 P G O c.w D Tc -3.3 4,371.1 76.90 __ do ...
14dac... Gustave Marks . 1934 Du 78 18 C.N.P S.G 0 T.G Tc .7 4,345.0 52.30 8-17-51 600R 6R A-15
27ccb __ L. A. Barton Dr 116 5 P S.G O C.W J,' Tc .1 4,385.7 113.41 8-19-52
32daa Joseph Janda _. ____ Dr 4 P S.G O N N Tc .3 4,501.7 144.20 3-13-53
51- Iddc Charles Green. 1949 Dr 195.0 6 P S.G O C.W D.S Tc .5 4,491.0 150.15 8-19-51
3ddd _ Marvln Felzine. __ .. Dr 185.0 6 P S.G O C.W S Tc 0 4,552.0 172.02 __ do __
9baa... John Felzine _ .... Dr 198 10 P S.G O c.w S Tc .5 4,573.5 152.36 __ do __
27daa __ Marvin Felzine. ---. Dr 117.0 4 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc 0 4,497.9 110.35 __ do
52-1 3ccb __ Glenn Morris _ ____ Dr 84.0 6 P S.G O c.w S Tc .3 4,354.4 73.48 _ do __
7-48- Idaa _ Marvin Felzine. .... Dr 173 5 P S.G O N N Tc .2 4,104.3 161.90 8- 8-52 B
6cbc- J.Grauberger . ____ Dr 184.0 6 P S.G O C.N N Tc 1.2 4,198.7 158.42 8-15-51 s
7add... Frank Brekel.. Dr 160.7 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .5 4,175.5 150.66 8-17-51 O
llbdc Wood Land Co . __ Dr 193 4 P S.G 0 C.W S Tc 1.1 4,132.4 173.10 8- 8-52
19bcb __ E.A.Elliff___ --.. Dr 214.4 4 P S.G O C.W S Tc .9 4,241.4 191.86 8-15-51
22baa... T.E.Wernsman .... Dr 173 5 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc .2 4,142.1 167.20 8-11-52
24cbc__. F.H;Morison _. .... Dr 300 + 5 P S.G O N N Tc 1.1 4,131.5 . 197.30 8- 8-52
Sldcb... E.A.Elliff. Dr 252.5 6 P S.G O c.w S Tc 1.1 4,219.0 216.61 8-15-51
49- 4aaa D.H. Wernsman .... Dr 160 6 P S.G O c.w S Bpb .7 4,247.6 138.91 8- 7-51
5bba__. John Sweetman. ---. Dr 176.2 6 P S.G O c.w N Bpb .8 4,307.5 174.23 8- 8-51
15dad H.Burenheide _ 1908 Dr 180 6 P S,G 0 c.w D Bpb .6 4,260.0 172.90 8-16-51
17ada _ E. Helgoth . . Dr 193.8 6 P S.G O c.w S Bpb .5 4,299.4 178.52 8- 9-51
31aba__. Edwin Loos Dr 147.1 6 P S.G O c.w S Bpb .4 4,294.6 71.47 8-14-51
34abd... John Brekel _ 1929 Dr 442 4 P S 0 c.w S Tpb 1.0 4,228.2 215.37 8-15-51
50- 2dda _ Glenn McMillan ---. Dr ....__ 6 P S.G 0 c.w D Bpb .5 4,363.1 177.09 8-13-51
3aba__. M. Monroe _ Dr 300 + 6 P S.G O C.E D.S Tc .8 4,370.3 104.50 8-18-52
4ccc V.Hastings .Jr.. 1948 Dr 340 6 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc .5 4,417.5 106.27 do Ps-340
13dbc... Edward _.-. Dr 155.4 6 P S.G O c.w S Bpb .2 4,320.1 135.16 8-10-51
Boerner.
14ccb _ A.E. Smith __ . 1951 Dr 189.4 6 P S.G O N N Tc 1.4 4,344.0 119.66 __ do __
20bbc__. August Frank.. Dr 4 P S.G 0 c.w ' N Tc .4 4,222.2 111.44 8-13-51
*" in
5c7-c50--_2-
O CO CO CO Cd
? Cd CO
Cd in
H- Cd
Cd ~3 Cd to CO Cd
?r 3
0* 0. P P O. o.
a o* O. O 21baa
. . .14ddd
. O. O O O. O* P ^
O* P O. o 0.0.0*0. O. P
O* P O p p o &? 0. O. 0 0. O* P
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
l l 1 1 I
W ff.° 3 O
of
Town of
Town «§"
Fleming. Sayl_ or
Clyde Fleming. Harry
_Roff
- MarMablke- » «H StMeeki
ephann .Hi. l ard August
_Frank P >
m 'M <n
Ralph
_Burton E._ThomaMs. Lyle
.Scot
. t Yost
._ ._
do a3 Lambert. ^« .do
_ ._ 4
3^
o
4
ro * 2-
4 flT
1
l r i
1
1
i i
CO 1 CO CO CO l 1 CO CO 1 i
CO 1 CO *> Cd 1 f O l Year drilled H
O 1 O CO *" I 11 11 l 00 in i i r
a
ODD D D D D D DODO D D O Type of well
4 4 C ?£ 4 4 4 4 4 4444 4 4 4 &
l 1
CO 1 h-
CO l OO O -J in 1 O 00 00 in 00 in l -J 33
O l in CO Cd CO to O 1 0 CO CO OO in to i Cd Depth of well (feet)
rfk
°oo 5
l OO t- I CO
i-"
OO in OO 00 00 00 *> in in OO in rf^ ^ OO 00 00 Oi o
Diameter of well (inches)
rt*
'Tl 'TD 'Tl 'Tl
r Type of casing 5'
TJ TJ TJ TJ *tl TJ T) T) T) T) TJ TJ T)
>h.
«0
WWW W W w w w w w W W W W w w w Character of IT
Q Q Q Q O Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q material bed bearing water- Principal (3
s
COUNTY,
COLO.
CoUST
ntinued s-
O O O 00 O O O OO O O OO O O O Geologic source
s
>-3 O O O O O O O O 0 0
,H P P H* 2| 2| *333 Method of lift 5
W K W 3 V* 33 3
O.°w.0 W 2[ w t
s'
TJ O TJ TJ 21 w »fi 2| 2| w w w Jse of water
O
W H >-3 H H H H H H H H H H H Hi
&
H&W §-
P O o o o 0 0 0 0 0 'O o o O Description r
ff CT S
m i.
0
i Distance above or CO a
, 4- in >- H. O K" C 3
CO *" below (-) land n.
OO in to K" 00 CO CO CO 00 0 ^ OO in Cd
surface (feet) & Z
(^
er
"! to CO >-" O K" O 0 >-" h- O ^ Cd Cd Height above mean 5
": en OO -3 *> CO ^ -J h- CO 00 CO OO 1
in £ oo to OO -3 ^ CO Cd CO H- 00 O sea level (feet)
CO -3 CO OO OO CO h- CO in
g
"! CO 01 \ OO in
P
H- 00 CO K* *. CO Cd -3 OO in >O Cd in Cd OO OO
o oo in O ifc. H- Cd O in OO 00 OO O Cd CO CO Depth to water level below i'
CO O CO o 00 Cd J 0 O O H- CO CO CO 00 measuring point (feet) i
Cd 00 to CO in O O OO Cd ^ in ^ O OO in
8-22-51 1-29-53 .._do rrr rr r r rr fr 8-19-52 8-13-51
CO CO H- CO H» Cd
8-14-51
Cd )ate of measurement
IjO -J O OO
rrr rf rr
in in in in in
CO CO
in in in in in in
CO CO H- >-» CO CO
l 1 i
t
CO l Yield (gallons per minute)
O CO CO I
y y »! 1 i
1 i
ii ii 1 Drawdown (feet)
1 1
L,Ps-246 O
pO J-C) p
CO
lemarks
.NESVS aaano 'iooioao HaiVA\.-aNnoHD
I8aaa... E.E. Uhler .... Dr 6 P S,G O c,w S Bpb 0 4,274.4 140.48 8- 8-51
19dad__. Otto Swedlund _ Dr 138.4 4 P S,G O c.w D.S Bpb .5 4,292.0 102.25 . __ do
21aaa__. E. McPherron _ Dr 4 P S.G O c.w D.S Tpb .3 4,285.7 171.83 8- 7-51
24bcc_-. Jake Slizewski. Dr 4 P S,G O c,w D Tc .3 4,239.1 169.12 8-17-51
25cdd... Leslie Morris _ .... Dr 132.6 4 P S,G O N N Tc .9 4,182.0 121.90 . __ do ...
27bbb... Mrs. Clyde Dr 109.3 6 P S.G O c,w S Tc 1.3 4,224.5 103.40 8-10-51
Bledsoe.
50- labc__. G. M. Kirkwood Dr 300 4 P S,G O C.E D.S Tc 1.2 4,334.9 222.52 8- 9-51
3aaa ... Dr 160 6 P S,G O C.E D.S Tc .5 4,369.7 125.50 8-18-51
3dda__. D. O. Swedlund _ Dr 287 6 P S,G O C.W D,S Tc .3 4,369.7 150.10 __ do ...
5bda... Robert Unrein _ Dr 107 4 P S.G O C,W N Tc 1.0 4,122.0 100.22 8- 8-52
7add... Harvey L. .... Dr 122 6 P S.G O C,W S Tc 1.0 4,280.5 113.20 8- 8-51
Harris.
13bab__. Dr 215 6 P S.G O C.W N Bpb .5 4,306.1 171.40 8-15-52
16ddd__. B.B.Williams _ Dr 216 6 P S,G O C.W D.S Tc 1.0 4,362.3 181.50 8-18-52 L, Ps-180
17bdd__. H.L. Harris ... Dr 225 7 P S,G O C.W S Tc .5 4,308.0 133.34 8- 8-52
23cda__. Frank .... Dr 202 4 P S.G O N N Tc 0 4,332.3 101.14 8-15-52
McDaniel.
29bcc... Dr 207 6 P S.G O C,W S Tc .6 4,419.7 172.98 . __ do ...
Sldcc... Dr 240 4 P S.G O c,w D.S Tc 0 4,447.6 145.10 8-19-52
51-12cdc __ H.L. Harris ... Dr 128 6 P S,G O c,w S Tc 0 4,168.0 109.09 . __ do ...
9-48-15CCC... Vi i--lr W>«t Dr 227 5 P S.G O C.N N Tc .2 4,125.6 208.47 7 31 52
23cbd__. ____ do. ..... Dr 200.5 5 P S,G O C,N N Tc .3 4,084.2 169.42 5- 4-53
24ddd__. Willard Hart .. Dr 214 5 P S,G O C.W S Tc 0 4,076.1 186.79 8- 1-52 Ca
28add__. Maynard Yost _ Dr 200+ 4 P S,G O c.w D.S Hpb .9 4,109.7 177.10 8- 8-52
30daa___ Carl Bisterfelt Dr 140 5 P S,G O N N Tc .3 4,137.1 136.75 8- 5-52
6-42-30cca._. K.Mansfield ... Dr 40.4 6 P S D c,w S Tc 0.8 3,594.0 27.39 11- 9-51
3lada__. Dr 4 P S D c,w S Tc .2 3,582.5 20.68 __ do ...
43- 7dab__. F.W.Jeffrey... Dr 103.8 5 P S.G D.,0 C.H N Tc 0 3,685.0 87.83 11-13-51
9cbc__. W.E. Hegin- Dr 89 6 P S D C,W D.S Tc 6.9 3,650.8 61.05 8-25-52
botham.
ISdda... Vernon Dr 103.3 4 P S D C,W S Tc 1.5 3,667.1 87.55 5-11-53 Ca
Kramer.
17daa__. W.E. Hegin- Dr 100 4 P S D C.W S Tpb .6 3,666.9 74.37 10-28-52 Ca
botham.
19bcc__. ____ do ..... Dr 88.2 4 P S,G D.O N N Tc -3.4 3.678.0 66.48 1- 6-53
-4 en 01 6-43-24a c._
!- COCOl-> COCOl-'l-' CO CO CO I-1
I-1 -J CO O t(* I-1
f n
P a cr P o P 36ddd
.
PPPOD^POOOP
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
O
WorC.ley vey. Geol
G.Har-W. Roger
Krueger. .Lest. er
Di. . rks Beal U.Sur-S. WaLeo
_lgre n n
a » ' *hj S g H o ^ ^ S Fr.El_ anlcis E.J.
o
o* I 55 » CD B 2* » m
en i g i O M i
1 1 p 1 P 1 §
lit 1 1 1 1
III !-> 1 1 I-1
III CD 1 1 CD CD 1 CD 1 1 1 CD Year drilled
ill t(* 1 1 en >^l O 1 1 1 en
III 00 1 1 O O l OS l 1 l CO
oooboooooo O O O O O u O O Type of well (inches)
oscoosOcoooco-aiôs CO CO I-1 CO CO O CO Depth of well (inches)
CnenCOco>^-3COi-'COCO i-* >(* o co co en -J
CO O en H* OS 00 CD en OS en CO
"* "" "'""""* co en en t(^ co en
CO Diameter of well (inches)
en
. . . .- .-.-. **-*** *. Type of casing
|
cocococococococococo CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Character of
"o w 0 o- » » 5'
oooooooooo O O O O O O material S 2 » o
O O- C H *-"
OOOOOOOOOO O OOOO O O O Geologic source & 7 1L
000 0 OHO O OOO O O V
Method of lift
^^^ ^ "^ a ^ ^ ^ ^ 2 ^ M -S O
O
"co'coco ^"co ""fi«og O 2 s Use of water
HHHHHHHHHH H H H H H H H H o
OOOOOOOO5JO o o o o o o o o o Description
1
i.H-
Distance above or
enenent^COEOCOCOOen l-> OS -J O N ^ en co a below (-) land 52'
surface (feet)
COt^COCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO TO
en os Height above mean
en co co i-1 co -j 00 O 1
OS CO CO CO >(* 00 CD CD sea level (feet)
OOSen^ênCDCOCOÎ ^ CO OS O OS ^ O i-*
i-> i-- -a o H* oo Depth to water level below
I->COOOOOOOOOOOCOOO O i-1 OS i-1 en i-1 en -J
i-* O O OS >^ O 00 O measuring point (feet)
oo ^SwNÎ>o 00 CO OS en O t^ CO 00
H-* H* H-* OO I *
!-> l-'IJCOl-'COl-'CO
TTTr i
!- I-" !- CO CO J,
11-
8-14-52 8-51
Qitj3G}~3Otj3~3O~3O
Date of measurement
enenenenenenenenenen en en en en en
§
o Yield (gallons per minute)
-4 Drawdown (feet)
0 O
r
en
P
P sr Remarks
r
CO
CD
?
aaaao ôoôaD
15bdd__. Dr 256 4 p S.G O c.w D.S Tc .1 4,012.3 251.22 . __ do __
17cbc... Dr 276 5 p S.G O c.w D.S Tc -5.3 4,085.4 248.21 8- 7-52
22cdd... T.E.Breezely . Dr 286 5 p S.G O c.w S Tc 0 4,008.1 265.13 . __ do...
Sladd... Dr 232 6 p S.G O c.w N Tc .3 4,050.5 230.10 8- 6-52
34dcd... ____ do ...... Dr 271 5 p S.G O c.w N Tc .1 3,980.1 252.74 8- 7-52
7-42- 7aad._. Clyde Cranwell. Dr 88.6 5 p S.G O c.w S Tc 1.4 3,585.8 66.83 8-1 6-51
1939 Dr p S.G O C.G S Tc 0 3,589.5 61.35 12-12-52
17ddd... __ do ___ . 1939 Dr 96.6 6 p S.G O C.H o.s Tc .7 3,578.2 66.66 8-14-51
19cdc__. ____ do ___ . 1939 Dr 83.6 N.P S.G O 2.H.W S Bpb .5 3,593.8 60.68 . __ do ...
Dr 4 P S.G O C.W N Bpb .2 3,584.8 71.79 . __ do...
43- 9bcc... OlgaKehr . Dr 102.6 5 P S.G O N 0 Bhc 0 3,663.1 95.02 8-16-51
13bbb ... J.D.Kleve __ . 1921 Dr 135 3.79 P S.G O C.E D Ls 3,626.2 70 8-17-51 8R
18abb... E . Hee rmann _ _ . 1949 Dr 230 18 P S.G O T.D I Bpb 0 3,674.5 93.26 8-16-51 740M
7M A-80.L,Ta,
Ca
C.A.Radtke __. Dr 4 P S.G O C.W S Tc .5 3,614.4 57.25 8-14-51
27bbb... Clarence Barth. 1939 Dr 215 18 P S.G O T.D I Tah .4 3,628.9 60.80 8-16-51 1.4 10M 19M A-240.Pt,
Ca
30daa__. Dr 102.2 5 P S.G O C.N N Tc .4 3,665.4 78.08 11-21-51
1941 Dr 236 18 P G O T.E I Tpb .2 3,637.0 59.41 . __ do __ 800M 11M A-125.L,
Ta.Ca
35abb __ H.A.Gerhardt - 1940 Dr 200 18 P S.G O T.D I.O Tpb .7 3,599.5 40.18 8-16-51 780M 13M A-60
Dr 198 18 P G O T.E I Tah .6 3,612.2 48.13 __ do ... 1.170M 10M A-160.Ta.
Ca
36dad __ Everett Jaycox. 1916 Dr 60 8 P S.G O C.E.W D.S Ls 3,588.8 50 8-14-51
44- 2ccd__. Ernest Smidt__. 1952 Dr 209 18 P S.G O N I Tc .6 3,712.5 120.67 11-21-52 980M 9.5M A-40.L
4ada_ _ Gus Dubert . 1923 Dr 146.5 3 P S.G O N N Tc .3 3,731.0 137.21 8-21-51
7aca__. D.L. Covert ... 1953 Dr 185 12 P S.G O T,Tr I Hpb .3 143.70 5-20-53 360M 4M A-37,L,Ssu
7ddd ... Town of 1921 Du 223 18 C G O T.E P Ls 129 8-16-51 500R L.Ca
Holyoke .
llacc... Sprague Dr 119.1 5 P S.G O C.W S Tc .6 3,701.6 109.41 8-21-51
brothers.
17bcc__. Town of 1949 Dr 265 24 C G O T.E P Ls .139 8-16-51 62 5R 5R L.Ca
Holyoke.
M.Helgoth..... Dr 143.4 4 p S.G 0 N O Tc 1.2 3,736.9 122.44 . __ do
22bba._. Fred Borland _. 1900 Dr 145.7 3 p S.G 0 C.H N Tc .6 3,723.5 119.72 8-21-51 ......
25bbb... _ do . Dr 113.2 5 p S.G O C.W N Tc .7 3,699.6 102.26 8-17-51
31ccc... H. J.Linnen- .... Dr 149.5 4 p S.G 0 N N Tc .5 3,764.1 136.79 8-21-51
brink.
45- Iddd... H.Swanson _ . Dr 157.0 4 p S.G O N N Tc .5 3,767.7 155.91 8-22-51 CO
Table 29. Records of wells in the Frenchman Creek basin, Colorado and Nebraska Continued
i
Principal feo
"to water- & -5T
Measuring point
J3 bearing 'w t)
"to "S 1
bed -^ o
1 1
t,
C o
o 01 _C s
Well Owner or tenant 5 «
1-1 o a "S d
bo o ^ a
°!tj s 1
s CO
a "a! '3 ^ !-» bo CO C <SJ o
3 s .SCO o I 0) Izil >s cB C
cB fc cB CO § 0 W ^ d
1 * 0 IB iH
3 'o o ? "a (U O O ^ s cB g 3
"3 "S H ^ r-H w 31 *^M
a "5 (!) a o £ rt Q
-*-»<U So s O
X <U -w "oo o s-Sl £ d
-t_» CJ D cd I
cB (X g
cB <u 0) D) CO & COSs
is* s^ "CB 2'a! 1CB
i-t & CO l-l i-t 0)
._ !* EH p P EH O § P P P
1o 3
p tc p O
H
PHILLIPS COUNTY, COLO. Continued O
7-15- 3baa __ Dr 159.2 3 P S,G O N N Tc 0 3,797.4 138.93 8-22-51

9cdd._- 1W R IVleans Dr 148.1 6 P S,G O N N Tc 1.5 3,814.2 136.20 ..do __ .
24baa_._ F.J.Rutt .... Dr 158.8 4 P S,G O N N Tc 1.5 3,761.6 142.43 8-23-51
34bbb._- Dr 181.6 4 P S,G O C,N N Tc .8 3,811.5 175.60 do __ .
46- 9ccc A. J. Holmquist. Dr 160.2 6 P S,G O N N Tc 0 3,936.2 150.71 8- 8-52 ....
15add __ IrvinR.Byrkit. ._.- Dr 142.6 4 P S,G O C,W D,S Tc .7 3,891.4 123.62 8-24-51 .....
20cdd__. Dr 188.0 4 P S,G O C,N N Tc .3 3,946.2 146.94 8-12-52
24add ... L.F.Roll ___ Dr 163.6 4 P S,G O c,w S Tc .9 3,884.8 156.50 8-23-51
32cdd_._ Dr 291.3 4 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc .3 3,949.2 213.73 8-12-52
34daa__. F. H. Mailander ---- Dr 140.7 4 P S,G O N N Tc 1.6 3,900.5 138.28 8-23-51
4 7 5daa Dr 120 5 P S.G O c,w S Tc .6 4,036.8 60.06 8- 8-52
12cbb... A.G. Colo-___- -- Dr 173.2 4 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc 1.0 3,980.2 114.61 8-12-52
15cbb... C.D.Gruben. , Dr 170.2 3 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc .8 4,044.2 163.33 ..do __ .
18cdd ... Dr 256.4 5 P S,G O N N Tc .2 4,109.0 189.33 8- 6-52
25dad__. Dr 186.1 5 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc .2 3,965.1 154.66 8-12-52
27cbb... Dr 219.0 3 P S.G O c,w N Tc .5 4,036.6 208.60 __do_
8-42- 6bbd__. Dr 157.6 S.G O c,w N Bpb .5 3,620.0 142.87 8-28-51
19bbc... C.W.Jung ..... Dr 131.0 5 P S.G O c,w S Tc 0 3,626.4 102.48 10- 3-52
20dbd._. Fred Schliep __ 1951 Dr 160 18 P S,G O T,B I Tpb .6 3,598.2 1.05.02 8-17-51 300R 50R A-50,Ssu
32bcc... E.Cranwell ... 1949 Dr 222 18 P S,G O T,G I Tpb 1.5 3,596.9 79.60 8-16-51 1.500R 13R A.-80
43- 4dcd... George Dr 174.0 4 P S,G O N N Tc .8 3,678.2 160.27 8-28-51
Brinkema.
12ddb..J A. Shmidt__ __ Dr 149.1 5 P S.G O N N Tc 0 3.631.1 130.56 U 91 -51
14abb __ Dr 150 4 P S.G O c.w N Hp 1.7 3,651.5 133.59 11-14-52
18abd__. John Ewegen __ 1951 Dr 141.5 4 N S.G 0 N N Ls 3.690.8 124.20 7-25-52 L.Ps-315
19dad__. Dr 146.5 3 P S,G O C.W S Tc .1 3,696.8 131.60 11-21-51
27bbb._. Mrs . Olie Dr 175 4 P S.G O c.w D.S Bpb .4 3,652.6 94.90 11-12-52 Ca
Iverson.
31ccc__. Emil Heermann 1903 Dr 113.6 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc .7 3,686.4 112.85 8-17-51
33abb__. Dr 130.6 S,G O C.W S Tc .7 3,661.0 101.37 __do __
36add__. Dr 106.8 4 P S.G 0 c.w D.S Tc .1 3,622.7 78.64 11-12-52
44- Seed... E.B.Biddle __ Dr 191.5 4 P S,G O N N Tc .6 3,772.3 188.05 8-24-51
Dr 207.6 4 P S.G O C.W S Tc .9 3,751.1 174.24 8-28-51
12abb._. J.P.Thomsen _ Dr 190 4 P S.G O c.w D.S Ls 3,710.7 174 5- 1-51
Wilty Poos __ _ Dr 217.9 4 P S.G O N N Tc 0 3,785.7 196.99 10-23-51
22add__. Sprague Dr 4 P S.G 0 C.G S Hp 1.5 3,728.2 158.50 5-27-52
brothers.
30dad._. Dr 160 3 P S.G O C.W D.S Tc .4 3,762.5 146.89 10-23-51
36bbd_.. Harry 1952 Dr 190 18 P S.G O T.E I Tc .7 3,695.4 113.98 4-30-52 1,020M 12M A-120
Brinkema.
D.H. Parker Dr 225.6 3 P S.G 0 N N Tc .2 3,817.4 179.16 8-24-51
lObbb... H.C. Clark Dr 175.4 4 P S.G 0 C.N N Tpb .6 3,853.5 158.72 8-27-52
W.W. Oliver .. Dr 185.5 4 P S.G 0 C.W N Tc 0 3,818.9 154.29 1 1-14-52
26ada... Floyd Middle - Dr 183.4 4 P S.G O C.W N Tc 1.0 3,800.3 172.35 __do.___
brook.
31bcb__. Denver Joint .... Dr 135.5 4 P S.G O C.N N Tc .1 3,860.9 127.39 8-22-51
Stock Land
Bank.
46- 2bcc-_. Dr 150.6 P S.G 0 N N Tc .2 3,894.5 128.18 8-24-51
8ddc... Paul Rush Dr 140.0 6 P S.G O N N Tc 1.0 3,922.8 122.90 8- 4-52
13aad__. J. A.Ross _____ Dr 158.3 4 P S.G o N N Tc 1.0 3,890.3 156.03 10-24-51
23ccc__. I.R. Byrkit __ Dr 158.6 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .8 3,886.4 120.08 8-24-51
29add__. Dr 163.1 4 P S.G 0 C.W N Tc .6 3,932.1 126.06 8- 8-52
I.R. Byrkit Dr 158.5 4 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc .2 3,891.4 135.30 10-24-51
Dr 180.1 5 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc 0 4,061.2 161.60 8- 1-52
Dr 177.2 5 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tpb .4 4,003.6 137.11 8- 5-52
13dab__. J.C.Wilson __ Dr 161.3 4 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc 1.8 3,977.9 137.41 ..do __
16ccc__. Aubrey Olson 1918 Du 188.2 42- C S.G o C,Tr N Tc 3.0 4,052.5 151.94 4-27-53 350R U-18
22
19bbd___ Reece Gueck __ 1950 Dr 272 18 P S.G o T.B I Bpb .2 4,067.5 147.50 8-22-51 485M 53M A-160,Ssu CO
Toble 29, Records of wells in the Frenchman Creefe basin, Colorado and Nebraska Continued CO
Principal IO
water- Measuring point S
to "3 "5 "3
<D bearing
"to" y bed -Q oj ^ c
<D _c 1 "* ^T <D
cw c? w 1
Well Owner or tenant 1 "a! o ^-, <D <D ^_
fH <D a "5
W) y <" c *t S OJ â
^ C (-, <s 3 (Q
a £ ,_( "3 3 <*H, . ^ d) ^- 5 «JO (Q
>o ^« £J^
<D to O ^_j <D B o _ ^. c >2*
w n > rt a a «<D
CO "«
"3 Dia<meter y Character material Geolsogic Descriptio [Diastancebel(-ow Dept
towh measuri S (Q
"o Meofthod of
pse
wat 1surface Drawdown
a o H
.C S* o «
<D <D
a<u a
EH*
a
<D
a
s*, a! ra S 2<D S<D
Q EH K ocJ
PHILLIPS COUNTY, COLO. Continued

8-47-21CCC... Town of Haxtun 1921 Dii 233 18 C S,G O T.E P Ls 150 8-23-51 56 5R 18R L
22bcc... Dr 154.0 5 P S,G 0 C.W D.S Tc -4.5 4,021.6 130.56 8- 4-52
26aba__. Dr 154.0 6 P S,G 0 N N Tc 1.4 3,985.8 116.33 8- 5-52
29aad... Town of Haxtun 1947 Dr 225 18 P S,G 0 T.E P Tan -6.7 4,034.1 130.82 8-23-51 500R 16R L
36cbb... Glenn Brundige Dr 141.7 6 P S,G O C.W D.S Bhc .8 4,016.4 130.85 8-11-52 Ca
9-42-32ccd__. U.S.Geol. Sur- 19S2 Or 171.1 1 ,25 P S.G O N 0 Tc 1.5 3,592.0 128.98 8-12-52
vey. 273
43-26bab... John Senstock . Dr 176 2 P S.G O C.W N Tc 2.3 3,628.2 162.14 __do_ ___
33cdc... D.Krueger _ Dr 206.6 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc 0 3,675.5 176.87 5-12-52
44-25ddd._. Emil Semelson Dr 226.6 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .5 3,700.4 193.54 5-14-52
33bbc__. A. Pratt ._..__ Dr 224.3 4 P S.G 0 Cw N Tc .6 3,761.2 196.05 10-23-51 fa
rp_^|_ Q 74.7 (> 8-28-51
34ccd___ Dr 212.4 4 P S.G 0 N N Tpb 0 198.56
45-27ccd._. E.G.Mattson__ T>r 210 4 P S.G O N N Tc 1.2 3,845.4 m QQ 10-23-51
46-21ccb... E. Skold ______ Dr 202 S.G 0 C.N N Tc 1.3 3,944.5 188.26 8-27-52
22aaa E.G.Mattson.. Dr 206.2 S.G 0 C.N N Tpb .5 3,908.2 197.87 __do_ ___
32dcb__. S.A.Falk _____ Dr 194.0 4 P 8,0 0 C.E D.S Tc .5 3,940.3 178.20 8- 4-52
47-24ada... P.Holmquist __ Dr 212.0 4 P S.G O N N To .7 3,957.4 173.20 __do_ ___
28aaa__. Dr 240.3 5 P S.G O C.W N Tc .5 4,040.4 201.93 8- 1-52
36bcc._. B. Gueck- _____ Dr 200.0 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .6 3,972.4 158.10 8- 4-52
9-42- 6cdd __ W.McKinster.. Dr 199.1 S.G 0 c.w N Tc 0 3,606.1 169.84 8-14-52

43-16bab __ Otto Fulscher _ Dr 226.2 4 P S.G 0 c.w S Tc 1.2 3,669.2 200.18 8-12-52
44- 9ada._. H.F.Newth .... Dr 234 S.G 0 C.E D.S Bpb 2.6 3,749.4 215.23 8-18-52
12bdc ... R. Hogermann _ - Dr 237.6 4 P S,G O c.w N Tpb 2.0 3,712.5 210.15 ..do ....
I7add... Fred Peperkorn Dr 231.2 P S,G O C.E D.S Tc .3 3,764.2 210.52 8-19-52
45- 2aaa... H.H. Hodges .. Dr 244.1 4 P S.G O C.W N Tc .2 3,813.2 226.30 ..do ....
5ddd ... C.J.Ricker ... Dr 241.3 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc 0 3,861.4 225.01 8-18-52
46-12cbb ... H.E. Voris .... Dr 233.0 5 P S.G 0 c.w D.S Tc .3 3,907.3 220.12 8-20-52
47- 4add... H. A. Dee ..... Dr 264.0 4 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc .7 4,033.3 240.21 8-18-52
17dda... Bert Edwards _ .Dr 277.1 5 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc 0 4,044.2 208.00 8- 1-52
10-42- Seed... T. Henrichs ... 1920 Dr 236 5 P S.G 0 N 0 Tc .7 3,643.8 225.18 7-31-52
20ccb __ H. Fliethman __ Dr 218.4 S.G O c.w D.S Tc 0 3,617.8 199.31 8-20-52
32ccd... U.S. Geol. Sur- 1952 Dr 207.5 1.25 P S.G O N 0 Tc 2.8 3,612.0 183.13 7-31-52 Cow, L, Ps
vey. 460.5
43- 3dcb... Adelphia 1951 Dr 400 18 P S.G 0 T.D I HP 1.7 3,685.2 233.15 9- 5-52 1.030M 43M A-190,Ta,
Hodges. Ca, Ssu
6daa__. Dr 268.3 4 P S.G O N N Tc .2 3.707.0 234.79 8-19-52
lOdda... R. Rollenhagen_ Dr 229.0 5 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc -3.5 3,666.8 220.09 8-20-52
22daa_._ Carl Dr 224 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc 0 3,665.3 210.69 8-19-52
Rollenhagen.
31dcc__. William Dr 280.1 5 P S.G 0 c.w D.S Tc .7 3.698.0 213.91 8-18-52
Strasser. ^
33ddd __ F. Vesley ..... Dr 206.2 5 P S.G O C,N N Tc .8 3,642.8 185.09 8-14-52
44- 4dad ... L.Wilson ..... Dr 300 + 4 P S.G O C.W D.S Tpb .5 3,768.3 276.10 8-17-52
7ada_ _ C.J.Lanckriet. Dr 300+ 4 P S.G 0 C.N N Tc .5 3,797.1 270.33 8-20-52
14ada__. D.J. Hileman.. Dr 257.4 5 P S.G 0 C.W S Tpb 1.7 3,737.4 245.37 ..do ....
26bcc ... Fred ---- Dr 258.0 S.G o C.W D.S Tc .7 3,753.6 244.20 8-18-52 Ca
KocMmoos
Estate.
32bab _ L. Kinnie ..... Dr 258.0 6 P S.G o C.W N Tc .4 3,787.1 246.44 9- 3-52
3 Scad ... M. Renquist _ . 1949 Dr 320 18 P G o T.D I Tpb .2 3,712.1 201.59 5- 4-53 660R 25R A-160,L,
Ssu
45- 3bbb ... Joseph Jersen _ Dr 300+ 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .2 3,846.0 288.41 8-15-52
8ada_._ Dr 300+ 4 P S.G o C.W D.S Tc .3 3,887.9 277.46 8-19-52
20dad ... Henry Adamson - Dr 292.2 5 P S.G o N N Tc 1.5 3,872.3 253.70 ..do ....
23dcd ... Dr 262.5 4 P S.G o C.N N Tc .2 3,827.6 249.65 5- 4-53 CO
CO
Table 29. Records of wells in the Frenchman Creek basin, Colorado and Nebraska Continued
CO
Principal
water- Measuring point ^ S"
ra
v bearing <u "5
"aT 0 bed u <u
CD C CD " " S
8
o M S
Well Owner or tenant S- rt(U .So CD CO ^,
t-t 13 0 QJ C3 "^f
a "S
txo C Cy ^
* M ra
^*
MCO a CD
o r_J J3
'ra CM 3 £ M
O 5 CD CD ^S buO ra C CM
CD O 5
"ce ^ ^^!ti
ioi
ameter ce haroacter material ra O CD epth
towa measurin "ce (
ra w d o w n
CM o o escription ^3 > of
atemea ra
CM CM o
'So cy o ce cu
T3 O T3 0 ^ c2
O O M
S-, co CD o ji: ce ce
|
"5 -2 CD 3 txo cu 2
ce a O. o CD ra J2 ra '5> w SCD
ft V H* CD ra
î H P Q U O § Q Q IB Q P- >* P 03 O
SEDGWICK COUNTY, COLO. Continued
in -41 inh^r> E. D. Wood __ Br 285 fi P S,G 0 C,W D,S Ls 246 1-14-53

4.6 - Ibaa D,S Tc c 3 oni n 288.55 8-14-52
Dr 300 + 5 P S,G O c,w O
4abc Dr 300 + 4 P S,G O cw N Tc 3 Q7R 7 901 in 8-15-52
Dr 300 + 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc .2 3,914.5 275.53 ..do __ .
brothers.
16bab._ Dr 300 + 4 P S,G 0 C w D,S Tc 272.87 8-20-52
1.0 3,964.4 o
25dad_. Br 263.4 S,G 0 c,w N HP 246.85 8-18-52
1.0 3,904.2
lAnHH C.W.Arens __ 1 Q19 Dr 9R1 4 P S,G O c,w S Tc 244.70 ..do ....
3 Q4.9 7
47-llbcc.. Dr 148 4 P S.G O cw S Ls 117 ..do ....
23bcd_. __ do _____ Br 285 4 P S,G O C w D,S Ls 258 ..do ....
11-4 3-2 Oadc_- 1926 Dr 11 n 4 P S,G O c,w D Tc 2 n 3 797 7 276.06 8-15-52
33dad_. Dr 282.0 4 P S,G O c,w N Tc 2 A 3,681.6 232.39 8-19-52
Osccii* IVlillGr Dr 262.1 5 P S,G 0 c,w D,S Tc 1 Q 3,645.4 217.20 8-20-52
44-27aab_. Dr 249.0 4 P S,G 0 c,w D Tc .7 3,781.8 205.80 8-15-52
32ddd_. Dr 296 5 P S,G 0 N N Tc .6 3,781.8 271.99 8-20-52
2-50- 6bbb_. E.W. Elliott _. Dr 1 19 5 P S,G 0 C W D,S Tc 0.5 4,384.5 120.26 8-2 1-52
3-49- 4add_. William Fisch . Dr 260.1 5 P S,G 0 c,w N Tc 0 4,211.5 249.11 __do ....
Dr 235.6 6 P S.G 0 N N Tc .7 4,270.9 213.16 ..do __
Klein.
12cbb_. H.B. McKahin. Dr 228.2 5 P S.G o c.w S Tc .7 4,160.1 206.54 8-22-52
16ddd._ Dr 245 5 P S,G 0 c.w s.o Bpb .5 4.210.7 230.06 1-19-53
19cbb_. LaVerne Hasen -___ Dr 265.2 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc .6 4,299.6 244.13 8-21-52
20daa_. Ruth M.Russell Dr 275.5 5 P S.G o N N Tc .5 4,262.6 268.30 8-22-52
24ccb_. Arthur Dee ring Dr 231.4 6 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc .2 4,189.9 221.78 ..do__._
50- 4bab_. Dr 176.0 5 P S,G o c.w D.S Tc .2 4,371.6 164.39 ..do....
7baa_. Robert Diamond ---- Dr 145.5 5 P S,G o c.w S Tpb .5 4,404.9 134.69 8-23-52
28add_. Dr 235.7 6 P S,G 0 c.w S Tc .7 4,326.7 165.65 8-20-52
51- 6ccb_. Joseph Mehring Du 95 N S.G o c.w D.S Bpb 1.0 4.541.8 74.22 8-22-52
25bbb_. C.J. Hock ___ Dr 143.4 S.G o c.w N Bpb .6 4,446.1 129.23 8-23-52
28baa.. Dr 61.9 5 P S.G o N N Tc .7 4,460.5 50.17 8-22-52
31ccb_. Dr 120.0 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc 0 4,559.1 108.28 ..do ....
52- 3ddd_. E. Lambertson. ---- DD 43 36 P S o c.w D.S Tc .1 4,558.0 31.77 8-18-52
17aaa_. Dr 114.2 S o N N Tc .5 4,621.9 68.98 8-21-52
23abb_. C.F. Jackson.- 1944 Dr 120.0 6 P S 0 c,w D.S Tc .2 4,577.6 46.24 8-22-52
31ddc_. Mabel Hansen _ Dr 96.7 5 P S o c.w D.S Tc .4 4,679.2 68.56 ..do. ...
4-49- iddd.. Libbie Dr 223.1 5 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc .3 4,168.7 209.66 8-20-52
Turechek.
8cbb._ Dr 230.0 5 P S.G o c.w S Tc .9 4,324.7 223.61 8-21-52
14bbc._ W.H. Hogsett-. Dr 220.6 5 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc .5 4,212.0 214.93 ..do ....
50-10cbc-- Ruth Bus sell _. Dr 249.8 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc 0 4,395.3 220.31 8-22-52
23dcc_. Dr 262.1 6 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc 1.0 4,368.5 242.04 ..do ....
51-24ddb__ C. Halsey- __ Dr 194.1 5 P S.G o c.w S Tc 1.0 4,420.8 191.17 8-18-52
34cdd._ Dr 150.3 5 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc .5 4,469.8 135.64 8-19-52
5-4 9-2 Saab ._ Dr 160.7 5 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc 0 4,150.6 148.73 8-20-52 Ca
50- 8aad._ Dr 176.0 5 P S.G o c.w N Tc .6 4.495.0 154.16 8-21-52
12dad__ Dr 180.0 5 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc 1.0 4,340.5 176.53 ..do ....
25ddc_. Dr 30.5 5 P S o N N Tc 2.0 4,220.9 26.01 8-20-52
34bac_. Walter H. Dia 35.0 24 C S 0 c.w N Tc .6 4,249.3 7.63 ..do ....
Klinzman.
YUMA COUNTY, COLD.
l_48-20dcb._ George Dr 184.2 4 P S.G o c.w S Bpb 0 4,211.9 169.38 9-18-53

Williams.
2-43-20abb_. Charles Steiner ---. Dr 81.3 5 P S.G o C.N N Tc 1.0 3,676.6 58.95 9-22-53
44- 5abb_. G. E. Lasher __ Dr 4 P S D.O c.w S Tc 1.4 3,772.9 53.60 3-24-53
9-22-53 CO
24aaa__ School district. Dr 42.2 4 P S Dn N N Tc .3 3.689.7 41.67 en
Table 29. Records of wells in the Frenchman Creefe basin, Colorado and Nebraska Continued
Oi
£ rt below o Dept
towh S 13 >
U Diameter "So Meofthod Use
of
wat a > S W
^ Q H EG S cs PP-J
YUMA COUNTY, COLO. Continued
O
0
2 45 5ccc_. V.L.Probasco- Dr 100.1 4 P S O C.W N Tc 0 3,875.1 78.76 3-23-53 o
15cdd_. James Graves - Dr 66.6 5 P S D,Q N N Tc .1 3,817.0 50.72 9-22-53
26acd_. Joseph .... Dr 50.5 4 P S D C.W D.S Tc 1.2 3,774.8 39.67 ..do ....
Deschamps.
46-1 3dcd_. H.H. Black .... Dr 95.2 4 P S D,0 c,w S Tc .5 3,876.5 65.60 3-23-53
47-16ddd_. Myron Dr 127.3 4 P S,G O C.H N Tc 0 4,023.7 102.00 9-2 1-53 1
Probasco.
48- 5cdd_. Dr 210 4 P S.G O C,W D.S Bpb 0 4,177.9 206.86 9-17-53
2lbbb.. J. Riley _ -..- Dr 195 4 P S.G O C.W N Tc .3 4,169.2 187.95 ..do ....
32daa.. Mrs. Seimers - Dr 187.4 4 P S.G O C,H N Tc 0 4,171.5 171.49 ..do ....
3-42- 4ccc_. U.S. Geol. 1952 Dr 41.1 1,25 P S D N O Tc 3.3 3,589.9 5.28 8-14-52 Cow, L, Ps- Q
Survey. 341.4 H
31bdd_. __ do ......... 1952 Dr 91.8 1.25 P S,G D,O N O Tc 2.0 3,615.8 23.25 __do .... Cow, L, Ps- W
,
263
32aca_. Dr 33.0 5 P S D C.W S Tc .6 3,586.6 11.26 8- 8-52 be)
43-23acd_. Gerald Dr 46.1 4 P S D C.W D,S Tc .7 3,649.8 9.94 8- 7-52
Ethridge.
34bcb_. Dr 33.7 4 P s D c,w D.S Tc .9 3,644.6 10.10 ..do .... 1
36bad.. School district. Dr 4 P s D N N Tc 1.4 3,611.0 6.74 3-25-53
44-12bdc.. Harry Bledsoe. Dr 49 3 P s D c.w S Tc 0 3,716.0 30.19 8- 6-52
26aac.. E. Wiltfang __ Dr 57.6 s D C.W S Tc .1 3.711.2 30.54 8- 7 52
31bcd_. J.F.Wilson __ Or 82.3 4 P S D.O N N Tc .1 3,786.7 51.90 8- 8-52
45-14bda_. Edna B. Dr 76.4 5 P S D.O C.W S Tc .8 3.813.1 69.82 ..do....
Kitzmiller.
30dda_. School district. Dr 94.1 4 P S.G O N N Tc .2 3,862.0 72.62 8-11-52
46- 6add_. Thomas Dr 144.0 5 P S.G O C.W S Tc .4 3,939.4 132.65 8-14-52
Brophy. 4 '
17adb_. Dr 142.8 P S,G O c.w S Tc 1.5 3,936.9 122.80 8- 6-52
22aba_. Sherman Dr 126.1 S.G O C.W S Tc .4 3,900.3 100.19 8-11-52
McCalla.
34ddd_. James F. -.-_ Dr 112.6 4 P S,G O c.w S Tc .2 3,904.9 82.24 -_do---_
Gardner.
47- 4cdd.. Stanley Dr 179 6 P S,G O C.W S Tc .7 4,011.5 162.59 8- 5-52
Rutledge.
I3ccc_. William Dr 139.0 S,G O c.w N Tc .5 3,958.1 123.23 __do-
Wenger.
30abb_. Louise C. Dr 171.7 4 P S,G O N N Tpb .3 4,040.8 144.22 8- 6-5?
Walker.
33bcb_. R.A. Powells ._ Dr 149.6 4 P S,G O c.w N Tc .6 4,038.3 147.06 8- 5-52
36dda_. Eva M.Blake __ Dr 129.2 S.G O c.w N Tc .7 3,968.9 109.60 -.do __
48- 2daa_. A. A. Blach __ Dr 193.8 5 P S,G O c.w S Tc .1 4,061.9 187.50 8-13-52
Dr 216.2 4 P S,G O c.w S Tc .4 4,093.9 185.38 8- 4-52
I2ccc_. Carl C. Pagel _ _-.- Dr 183.9 4 P S,G O c.w N Tc .1 4,068.2 174.09 -.do ....
F.A. Rinne._-_ Dr 185 5 P S,G O vv
C .w D.S Ls 170 1-19-53 Ca
17cbb_. Dr 210.6 5 P S.G O c.w N Tc .3 4,140.0 201.15 8-2 1-52
22ada_. Dr 192.5 4 P S.G o c.w S Tc .2 4,100.6 179.60 8- 4-52
27ccc_. Leland Peters _ Dr 180.3 5 P S.G o c.w S Tc .5 4,118.1 177.49 do-
Sldaa.. Dr 210.1 4 P S.G o N N Tc 0 4,169.5 201.60 8-2 1-52
4-42-1 7ddb_. W.D. Doyle ... Dr 61.4 6 P S D c.w S Tc .7 3,591.8 8.10 11- 6-52
18ccd_. Raymond Dr 49.4 4 P S D N N Tc .1 3,633.7 26.17 9-30-52
Anderson.
19aad Dr 53.3 6 P S D N N Tc .5 3,609.6 11.83 8-2 1-52
Dr 59.5 5 P S D c.w S Tc .5 3,654.1 23.25 11- 8-51
20aaa_. Warren Dodge _ ---- Dr 58.8 5 P S D C.H D Tc .5 3,676.0 9 ft "id. 8-2 1-52
R.E. Veal ..... Dr 60 5 P S D W
C . vv D.S Ls 3,657.6 19 _.do .... Ca
44- 8abb_. Millage - -- - Dr 125.0 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc 1.5 3,804.8 116.00 8-11-52
brothers.
14bcb_. Flora E. Dr 65.7 6 P S D.O c.w N Tc 1.1 3,727.5 36.80 8- 5-52
Sheridan.
!*>
4-4 -16c c_
CO (S3
r (S3 (S3 (S3 >-
r CO IO IO I
f CO
3
{a jl) {U O.
26ba _
O. p) P) O. frS. ooaoD.ocrD.cr
a v a. a D. & a. o si a a o crag)
i i i i i i i i i i i
A.
Mountain. ,_. i5 * (B O > < 9) 9)
O
rati^lo *J P> c i-t U ** E.
Flora
Pagel
C. _ _ s ._do
Rorf
_Carl Loui . L_.A.Hoskins MaJoethies_ _ w P ^ » B ^ ^ ^ Sheridan. School
pT"!" S!>^ t|jS'yL,,5, v< di.strict (B
"t
O
"t
- n
** "^ 1 1 IT 1 1 i
i i i co ! 1 1 1 1 CO ' CO i i
OI | I!!! en I * t i Year drilled
i i i 1 1 1 1 M , CO
i i
i i i i i
0 O 0 0 D D DDODDDDDD D D
Type of well
CO O tO CO CO CO cococo^coen lento !& OI
CO CO CO CO CO OI cocotoocoocooico co -a Depth of well (inches)
0 0 0 CO o ^ cn o co 01 o "-a
01 01 en en CO OI <,.a*.o.»«o.<» cn *.
*"d *"d *"d *"d «« ,,,, , id id K| Type of casing
CO CO W CO CO CO cocococococo. cococo Character of S* ^ 7
co co
O O O O oo OOOOOOOOO material 2" » S- 5'
O
o a ^ M*
OO O O OO OOOOOOOOO Db Geologic source TO ' "§
O O O O H O OOOOOOOH oo K!
Method of lift
3333 03 3333333W 33 O
HH D
O Ow ii CO CO
^ m co co CO *co a *wO 30 Use of water
H H H H H H HHHWHHHHW H H
g
o o o o O 0 ooowooooo o o Description g
o
01 §
I
Distance above or g
0 0 ^ tO O O O O h^ y
(B below (-) land <~t
to en OI O OI K« IO OI O 0.
surface (feet) 5
ll». )(» * CO CO CO cococococococococo CO CO
rrt
H- O O CO CO CO COCOCOCOCOCOCOCO-J 3 3
to co to co CO CO to * Height above mean o
CO CO CO CO *£ o h^tocoocoif^coenco H- cn sea level (feet) g.
l-> I-. 00 CO -0 0 *.cococoo*.cn'*(s3 cn to
to co co -a CO -0 co cn Depth to water level below
-3 to en en OI O ss^^s^^s^ OI O
oo to co CD OI CO CO CO measuring point (feet)
to -a i-* to en to COOOl O100-JOCOO 3 *
H^ h^
COCOOCOl COCOUl
r,§ § £co ..
8-14-52 __do Jl-'l-'l--'!-^ l-'H-'tO
rr H-4
oiwoii^-at-'oioo Date of measurement
OI
? OI OIOIOIO1OIOIOIOI OI OI
to to tOtOtOEOtOtOtOtO (S3 (S3
o Yield (gallons per minute)
0 0
to
* cn Drawdown (feet)
0 '!> O
V
01 CO 0
? L° o Remarks
w
91 r
gr "co
01
saano 'iooioao HaxvAi-ajsrnono
5-42-17aaa_. Dr 24 4 P S D c.w D.S Tc .1 3.561.3 4.53 11- 9-51
18bcc_. 65 24 P S.G 0,0 Cf.E I Tc -7.0 3.584.9 2.14 11- 8-51 110R .... A-20, Ssu
SObcb.. EUa P. Dr 30.4 4 P S D c.w S Tc 1.3 3,602.2 13.72 ..do ....
Williams.
43- 5bba_. Grace Walcott - 1950 Dr 99.4 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc .5 3.681.4 65.45 11-13-51 Ca
9adc_. G. D. Bradford . 1949 Dr 70.0 5 P S,G D.O C.N N Tc .7 3.645.2 1^ 44 U 1 A ci 1
llccc-. W.L.Hayes __ - Dr 40.6 4 P S D C.H N Tc .5 3,624.6 22.80 11-13-51
12aaa.. Harold Walgren Dr 25.5 4 P S D C.W S Tc .9 3,597.3 n QA 11- 9-51
24abb_. E.H. Kinnie ___ 1947 Dr 260 18 P S,G D.O T.G I Tc .3 3.605.9 14.67 11- 8-51 1,650R 19R A-120.L
Ella P. f)r 32.5 6 P S D C.W S Tc .7 17.42 1-20-53 Ca
Williams .
29ddd_. G.A. Voges__ Dr 47.3 3 P S D N N Tc 1.3 3,652.2 24.69 11- 8-53
36ddd_. U.S. Geol. 1952 Dr 77.9 1.25 P S.G D.O N O Tc 1.7 3,607.6 15.52 8-14-52 Cow, L, Ps
Survey. 332
44 8cdc_. C.R.Sheridan . Dr 106.7 3 P S.G 0 C.W S Tc 1.7 3,739.6 86.28 11-15-51
10bdb_. Harry Dr 123.6 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc .7 3,742.3 97.46 _.do ....
Brinkema. td
!>
22daa_. Dr 75.8 4 P S,G 0 c.w S Tc .7 3,708.7 58.28 .-do- ... cc
M
32bdb_. P.W.Brophy .. 1909 Dr 103.0 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc .5 3.761.5 89.20 11-16-51 O
34bcc_. Lee D. Dr 94.4 3 P S.G O N N Tc 3.6 3,737.3 V) <\A. 11 15-51
Sheridan.
o
Dr 58.1 3 P S n.o c.w S Tc .4 3,697.7 45.54 ..do_-_-
Carl E. Dr 160.9 S,G 0 c.w N Tc .2 3,809.2 135.63 11-16-51
Ferguson.
35ddc_. Millage ---- Dr 115.5 5 P S.G 0 c.w S Tc .7 3,793.5 102.99 -_do----
brothers.
46- 2aba_. Dr 198.0 4 P S.G 0 C.N N Bpb .1 3,874.2 189.04 10 17-51
lOddd.. Doyle Neiman _ Dr 194.4 5 P S,G 0 C.N N Tc .5 3,876.1 183.40 11 16-51
18bab.. C.L. Salvador _ .... Dr 230 5 P S,G o C.W D.S Tc .3 3,946.7 224.00 8-12-52
Dr 186.0 5 P S,G 0 C.W D.S Tc .2 3,907.0 181.71 _.do ....
35dcc_. Andrew ---- Dr 143.0 5 P S.G 0 C.W S Tc .2 3.853.6 m nr\ 11 16-51
Schmidt.
47- Ibaa-. S.H.Wengert.- Dr 257.7 5 P S.G 0 C.W S Tc .5 3.949.0 238.33 8- 8-52
8daa_. Vernon Myers _ Dr 256.4 5 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc 0 4,008.1 249.62 8-11-52
25ada_. Otto Stoermer _ Dr 199.1 5 P S.G o c.w S Tc .3 3,930.0 196.95 8-12-52
27dad_. W.Pelderman _ ____ Dr 211.0 5 P S.G 0 c.w N Tc .4 3,957.9 204.23 ..do ....
48- Iccb.. Dr 233.6 S.G 0 c.w D.S Tc .5 4,061.2 216.11 8- 5-52
16bba.. School district. ____ Dr 214.0 4 P S.G o c.w D.S Tc .2 4,142.8 210.14 8-11-52 CO
CD
CO
r
CO
5-48-24aba_.
r
I-'CO
tO tO
I-*
I-1
!-
I-1 H*
(-> !-
I-1
I-1
I-1
1--®
r
-3 29daa..
a a o a a cr cr P p cr 1
era o 6* cr a a op P
era
II
cr
1
cr
tO
era
!- tO
a
f 1
cr |p cr
|
WO WHO OHWcJ O
g-'ogSSjiiSo j. g> |w * § e g> »
X- n> n> P 3 o ,3 3 P ., P 3 X « _ Hoch
.Karl NiLewi
-elsons n>
4
|?r|af pap| o^
S- g * ? g- Pf r 5T
B
&s- -B P
r: B
.»» ::
i i
II 1 CO 1 1 II CO Year drilled
II i en 1 I II * i i
II I O i I ll O> i i o
cr
UU U U Otl O U O B U U Type of well (inches) o
4 4
o
to co to co
CO *
rf* 00 O.OO * * OJ it* >- Depth of well (inches)
OJ O O Cn CO J en * CO O CO i
<*
O O "*" en Cn O O O CO Ci
it* en en 00 it* OJ O OSit* )- en * 1
to 0
Vt
ho hj Hj i
hj^d hj hj ^ti*^ ^ti *TJ*r3 *^ Type of casing
0
CO CO Character of cr ^ ^ Sr
W O « CO COCO CO COCO CO <»
0 material g" S S- 5'
>HI aCO aCO
H O 2 2 n> o S1
S ' « s
Ci
oo o > » > » Geologic source TO £, W
T
> oo 00
no o H oo o HO 00 Hj
Method of lift |
z^ z w ^^ b w "^ H ^^ O i1
Hj
izjco izj hd O§ § >tiO O lz| UU
"co*co ro §w
o Use of water
W u>
W
HH H r Hr rn »
OO O 00 OBJ
HO CO'0
HO oH oH I Description g 0
o_
?"
n>
Distance above or w §.
H* H< O 0 p n> o
'*. a below (-) land ^ B
to en en i^ o !- -a surface (feet) 5' 3
(X
CO CO CO tO tO tO J *. J^
o "to "to "(o "CD "co ' % o Height above mean °. Nebraska
CO O CO * * -3 ' o to
-j O e» -^ to o> [ CO Ul sea level (feet) 3-
h-> rf^ co 08 to "-a i *-q to
i
to to to to
cocn co to tot-1 i-- i--to i-- O CO Depth to water level below
eni^ co to !- * *. > CO Ul
CO CO O *rf» tO (- OJ measuring point (feet)
en o> en oo o> *j *j en co
fg
a.
>. x ? r r >. r r f r
OO ^
tO
to
01
coo
CD
to
CO
Mto
01 N)
to
OJ
%l Date of measurement
en en en en en en en
to to to to to to co
rs
1
O> CO 1
§ g § ; Yield (gallons per minute)
» g » '
! to !
to ; o , Drawdown (feet)
» ! JO !
O O
P O
Remarks
NISVS 333HO 'A00^03O
2dbc-_ U.S. Bur. of 1949 B 13.5 1.5 P S A N N Tc 1.0 3,025.1 8.09 9-23-52
Reclamation.
__ do _____ . 1949 R 39.0 1.5 P s 0 N N Tc .2 3,081.4 18.94 ..do __
5dda_. __ do _____ . Dr 167.5 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc .6 3,209.1 108.72 9-30-52
14aad_. Ellwen 1952 Dr 273.0 5 P S,G o C.G S Tc .7 3,251.8 227.66 9-12-52
Krausnick.
19ddd_. E.L. Wiley.... Dr 300+ 4 P S.G 0 N N Tc 1.1 3,411.7 294.55 9-10-52
20cdd_. Dr 283.0 3 P S,G 0 C.W D.S Tc .5 3,392.4 275.30 10-30-52 Ca
38- Ibdd.. U.S. Bur. of Dr 35.0 6 P S A N N Tc 1.1 3,125.3 21.18 9-1 1-52
Reclamation.
3bcc_. Orville Dr 34.0 5 P S A C.H S Tc 1.7 3,168.1 26.90 9-15-52
Fielder.
1953 Dr 164 18 P S.G 0 I Tc .6 44.22 6-19-53 930M 18M A-40, L, Ta
17cdc_. Fred Maucher . Dr 115.6 4 P S.G 0 C.W S Bpb .6 3,310.4 90.95 11- 5-52 Ca
J.H.McNair... Dr 85.0 5 P S.G 0 C.N N Tc .7 3,309.7 55.98 9-10-52
23aab_. Dr 260.0 4 P S.G o N N Tc 1.0 3,413.7 259.80 ..do ....
30ccc_. A. R. Gregory . Dr 78.0 5 P S.G o N N Tc 1.0 3,314.4 53.30 ..do .... W
9-29-52 >
31aab_. Lloyd Bernard. - Dr 4 P S.G 0 C.W N Bpb 0 3,301.7 51.44 a
39- 5ddd_. Irene Gestring. Dr 87.2 4 P S.G 0 N 0 Tc .2 3,359.1 59.31 5-28-52 o
lOddc.. Dr 81 6 P S.G 0 C.W D,S Tph 1.4 3,339.6 67.02 11- 5-52 Ca
I8dab_. W. Foster __ . Dr 49 4 P S.G D,0 C.W S Tc .6 3,377.3 44.88 9- 8-52
20aab_. A.M. Brady ... Dr 81 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc .6 3,381.6 62.84 9- 5-52
20dca_. John 1951 Dr 230 18 P S.G O T,D I Hp 1.2 3,365.2 42.21 9-12-52 870M 13M A-115, Ssu
1
Montieth.
22abd_. J.W.Minick... 1950 Dr 237 18 P S.G 0 T.G I Tdp 1.6 3,344.8 57.80 ..do .... 1.100W 18M A-106
24bbb_. Dr 88 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc .9 3,324.2 59.99 9- 5-52
25cbc_. Dr 60 6 P S.G 0 N N Tc 1.5 3,322.5 45.06 ..do ....
29daa.. John Dr 40 30 P.W S D C,W D Tpb .1 3,358.8 30.86 ..do .... Ca
Montieth.
35cba_. C.W.Pribbino. 1952 Dr 309 18 P S.G 0 T.D I Tc .6 3,341.8 39.95 9-29-52 1,0803V 14M A-120,Ps-
310, Ta,
Ssu
40- 5bba_. Dr 68 5 P S.G O C,W D,S Tc .6 3,454.1 49.72 9- 4-52
7baa_. George Dr 30 5 P S D C.W N Bpb .4 3,440.0 12.35 11- 5-52
Blocker.
L. Smith . 1940 Dr 68 5 P S,G 0 C.W D.S Tc .4 3,446.2 38.56 9- 4-52 Ca
llbcb.. School district. Dr 74.5 5 P S.G 0 C.H D Hp 1.9 3,426.0 48.92 6- 3-53
22ada_. Floyd Day____. Dr 60 5 P S 0 C.W D.S Bpb 1.0 3.420.0 29.50 9- 5-52
1
CO
T
CO 1^ 5-40-24oba_.
CO l-> H* CO tO tO l-> I-1
r CO I-1 I-1 I-1 CO (B
tocoo>i->enoo>ôo to
cTG.ocrG.uG-o
D.P cro D.D'D.P
i i i i i i i i
1 acrcrcrao o P
O
lon.Jr.,
Estate. NoJ. (B
O
i-i
S"
1 o a ||| 1 f $
1 a ' {; § ! 3
8 r , J1 i J 8! r§
1 III II
1 III II CO 1 1 1 1 CO CO Year drilled
1 III II CO
1 III II 1 1 1 1 C35 CO i
dOOOdddO o ddddOddO d Tvnp of tv^ 1 1
l-> l-> CO tO tO tO l-> tO
en Depth of well (feet)
oooencoooootoco o rooen-JoorocoO O
_ O O O co to en en o o
i CO l-> 1
if* en if* CO i en * * 00 ^ o> os o> en en i en » Diameter of well (inches)
1
1 O
hri hri M M ' trl M M « ,0,,,,,, . 35 Type of casing
1
gj
CO M
COCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO CO
QQQQQQQQ O O
0 material <B p S- g
OOOOOOOO OOOdd-Pdd d H Geologic source (j| ' p
b O
O O O O O H OOOOOH'-'O o
*35*3S!S!*S) Method of lift
M 3^^^^QM^ ^ M
W
- CO -° CO »
Scoscococooco CO Use of water
ooo'ao'aoo oooo'a'aoo S
cr f i Description g
(B
P
(B
a Distance above or g
-J O) Oi O) O 00 I-* to 00 tO >^ 00 O3 to below (-) land n
surface (feet) 5'
COCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO cocococococococo CO TO
CO ooenenai>ên>^ CO
enooi->ena>tococo CO CO Height above mean "S
cooscoenoocoi-'i-' 00
coootoooôco^ o CO-JCOCOCOOl^CO 00
1 1 tO CO tO
cn-jtocococoooen O tO 1 !- H« 1 tO to
o Depth to water level below
CO measuring point (feet)
tooooeni->iôo CO rotoenenen-ai-'to 00
5 3 i-> to co to fto ffaaffff
Date of measurement
en en en en en en
co to to co co to
f rr
en
to
en en
to to
rrrt r
en en en en
co co to to
en
to
1.350M
en Yield (gallons per minute)
o
CO to
to Drawdown (feet)
1
O > O
P oo P
P o
at Remarks
O
r
?
Nisva aaaao 'iooioao
38- Idab.. E.E.Widger... .... Dr 130 4 P S,G O c.w S Tpb .7 3,248.6 107.91 7-29-52
4bca_. Town of Du 100 18 P S,G O T,E P Ls 60 8-2 1-52 200R L,Ca
Imperial.
5add_. __ do ______ Dr 290 18- P S,G O T,E P Ls 80 __do .... 500R 24 R
16
5dab .. _ do ......... 1945 Dr 312 18 P S,G O T,E P Ls 90 __do .... 690R 25R L
9bba.. Otto Gestring Dr 104.2 6 P S,G O vv
C >w S Tc .8 3,280.1 79.07 9-15-52
13abb_. E.A. Ridlen Dr 119.0 6 P S,G O C N N Bpb .5 3,246.0 108.51 9-30-52
23abb_. O. Lytle . ..... Dr 136.8 5 P S,G O C N N Tc .8 3,257.5 114.61 9-11-52
25bdb._ Ralph Grosbach 1950 Dr 200 18 P S,G O T',D I Bcop 1.1 3,183.8 55.72 10- 1-52 750R 10R A-130,Ssu
27cbc_. Orville Fielder 1950 Dr 93.0 5 P S,G O c,w S Tc 1.0 3,224.9 70.60 9-15-52
3ldac_. George Spady, Dr 27.0 6 P S A C,H N Tc 1.6 3,204.7 19.27 9- 9-52 Ca
35aad.. Orville Fielder .... Dr 97.8 5 P S,G O c,w S Tc .9 3,202.6 76.32 9-15-52
39- 2dcd_. Vander Morris ____ Dr 115.9 4 P S,G O c,w S Bpb .2 3,341.8 89.61 12- 5-52
1 5aac . . Irvin Bauerle _ _ 1953 Dr 320 18- P S,G O T,D I Hp .8 3,339.8 92.03 6- 3-53 1.620M 24 W A-80, L,Ps-
16 348, Ssu
15ada._ E.W. Bauerle. . .... Dr 118.2 5 P S,G O C,W N Tc .1 3,344.0 98.09 9- 8-52 U
!>
2ldad_. J.N. Sweeney Dr 24.3 5 P S A C,H D Tc .6 3,245.9 7.44 ..do .... GO
M
22bcc_. Kilpatrick .... Dr 42 5 P S A C,H O Hp 1.3 3,252.7 14.04 7-28-52 0
brothers .
29acc.. L. E. Beard _.. 1953 Dr 278 18 P S,G O T,D I Hp .9 24.67 3-3 1-53 2,300M 28M A-160.L,
u
Ps-265
30bbc_. Kermit Cox ... 1948 Dr 218 15.5 P S,G O T,G I Bpb 0 3,349.2 40.82 6- 9-52 1.440M 32 M A-130.L, 1
Ta.Ca
34bbd_. E.W. Bauerle-. Dr 62.2 5 P S,G O C.W N Bpb - .5 3,305.7 49.43 9-11-52
40- Iddd.. Mayo Statz _ 1940 Dr 122.5 18 P S,G O T,E I Tc 1.0 3,376.7 53.64 6- 9-52 500R 10R A-60.L,
3add_. Charles Dr 86.4 5 P S,G O C,W D,S Bpb .3 3,415.4 61.58 11- 5-52 Ca
Newman.
6bbb_. George ____ Dr 58.0 5 P S,G O N N Tc .5 3,452.2 45.10 8-28-52 Ta
Moreland.
6ccb_. -_.do-____._-. 1951 Dr 240 18 P S,G O T,D I Hp .3 3,448.2 45.05 6- 6-52 1.600M 22W A-160,Ca.
7ccb_. Clara More - Dr 62.2 6 P S,G O C,E S Tc .8 3,453.1 57.27 8-28-52
land.
8abb.. Everett Travis Dr 70.1 5 P S.G O N N Tc 1.0 3,438.0 60.84 6- 9-52
9bac __ do ......... 1951 Dr 240 18 P S,G O T,D I Hpb .3 3,411.6 43.12 ..do .... l.OOOR 10R A-160,Ssu
llccc.. School district. 1933 Dr 48.8 5 P S,G O C.H D Tc .4 3,378.4 39.11 8-29-52
13caa_. Vilas Smith ... 1952 Dr 317 18 P S,G O T,D I Bcop .8 3,343.9 27.34 12- 5-52 2.400M 32M A-250.L,
Ssu
1
J J|
w.«,,a o" g
o g
7 OT <lu -1u
cT
o efl
«
<; O <j
< , op^ r-l IM
(ajtunui a ad stron^S) PI8TA O 0

CM m
O5 C^
CM1M CO IMlM CMCMCMlMlMCMIM CMCfl IMCM

inin in inm mmminininin inm inm
' cicA
CMCMr-lr-ICO
J, î cAoLtiticAd^r-lt-ICM
<A<AIMIMl-H
J,^
OO CO COC> OTOTOCOOTOt-l O) Co t-OT
CMO r-i r-iî ooô>tnc<icoco int-n eoo>

(}88f) niTod SuiansBaui 0000 00 OCO Tt<COCOTt<OOOO OCO t-HTt<
MOjaq \3A3\ aajBM O} qjdaQ oor-i o mcM t-m>*îococM r-ieo t-co
eoo> in t-c- t-eoincMCOineo inm eo
TOCO m TOO oeomincM^CM r-<o> COCM

(}38J) I8A8I B9S o>n eo Tt<Tt< ooojoot-OJtoo in^t" c^rc
ireaUI 3AOqB ÎfSiajJ
ojm eo ooo OOCOO>CMCMCO^< ^<c- OCM
CMCM IM NCO CMCMCOCOCOCOCO COCO COCO
t COCO CO COCO COCOCOCOCOCOCO COCO COCO
(jaaj) aoBjans t-t- c- coo eo inojeoiMin oico t-
O O t-l !M O
m
Continued
2BR.
<u
uoTjdtaosaa OOi Oi <JDi <JOODiOD<O OO OO
J8JBM JO 8SJ1 ?;_ "-" OcQ 2D22OT2D2 1-1 "P O2
Is t5 P t5 tS^r^rCr^W Wtfi & (fl

WTT J° POIW8M
u" EH" u" u" U* u" u" U EH U u" Q U*
Principal water- bearing aoanos oiSojoaQ OO O OO OOOPOOO OO OO

bed CHASE
COUNT
jo^Tqo oo o oo OOO M OOO oo mo

in tn CQ CQCQ CQCQCQ CQCQCA CQCQ ca
Sin SB o jo adXj,
m
(satpuf) Hal*, jo .lajauiBTQ m rt< oo co T)< com^< mtnoo com com
O5 t-iM OCO^< CM ^< t-CM OOlrt
eo" o Tt< e» co" o" o" c-" t-i eo CM IM" eo" CM* r4 ir"
,,88J) ^,oâ o>t-i oo cot- ooeomeooioi t-oo t-io>
t-l CM r-l rH t-l IM
naAl jo adXj, PQ P PP PPPPPPP PP PP

ICOTt<l IIIOOlM ICOI
itn^ 1 O5 1
,
*
ttf
I'd!
' g O i
!J
I .Jj
1 « -J rttS 'rnSrQ n i .Si3
S -2 S 3 H £"«>«>^ -."SW 5»
o
«HI|l*'iLî K.all|ti*?
«:ifl|a&ja^«5l»!ii-ii|Bg|
<!O W B3fc PS UPOffl<! a.w Jw
ii i ii i i i i i i ii ii
ii i ii i i i i i i ii ii
(SO 73 043 737304307343 ni43 ni73
Oni 43 043 43rtO43Oni73 T343 OT3
73ni 43 00 4343OOOni73 ni43 On!
oco oo 0005 coeoeoocoot- OOCM com
CMIM IM IMCM COCOt-lt-l(MIM CMCO COCO
oo a>
co co
t-
1
40- 2bca._ George 1949 Dr 195 18 P S,G 0 T.Tr I Hpb .4 3,417.2 49.82 6- 3-52 950M 19. 5M A-75.L.
Kurmemarm. Ssu
5bbb_- E. J. Langin ... 1951 Dr 260 18 P S,G 0 T.D I Bcop 1.1 3,465.7 62.85 6- 4-52 780M 13M A-100, L.
Ta, Ca
5ccc__ __ do._. ...... Dr 60 4 P S,G 0 C,W S Tpb .8 3,440.9 38.48 6- 5-52
6bcc__ Herbert Hughes 1944 Dr 165 16 P S,G O T.E I Hpb .5 3,464.4 52.82 6- 4-52 870M A-90.L
6daa _ do. ........ Dr 69.3 4 P S,G O N N Tc 1.0 3,464.5 60.18 __do __ _
10acc__ E.Lytle ....... 1946 Dr 111 18 P S.G O T.P I Tc .5 3,427.8 54.61 8-25-53 910M 26. 5M &-100, L
13bbb_. Orville Lytle ._ 1952 Dr 89 15 P S,G 0 T.Tr I Tpb 1.6 3,378.6 23.45 6- 4-52 800M 23M A-70,L
16caa__ George 1953 Dr 281.5 19 P S,G 0 T.D I Tc .5 39.32 5-1 1-53 1,600M 20M A-360, L.
Haberman. Ssu
20cbd._ C. M.Murray __ 1952 Dr 290.0 18 P S,G 0 T.P I Tc .7 3,448.4 50.44 9-24-52 1.500M 26M A-82.L,
Ssu
24cdd__ Dan Terryberry Dr 63.3 S,G O C,H C Tc .4 3,401.8 61.19 9- 9-52
27aaa._ May L, Enyarl _ ____ Dr 67.5 5 P S,G 0 C.W N Bpb .7 3,422.5 57.33 10-31-52
28bbb_- Wilfred Miller. 1942 Dr 180 18 P S.G 0 T.E I Bcop .8 3,431.9 46.29 6- 5-52 980M 19M A-120,L,
Ta, Ca w
30baa.. John Unzicker _ 1951 Dr 254 18 P S,G O T.P I Bcop .6 3,458.1 48.13 __do ___. l.OOOM 12M A-80.L
31bbc._ W. L.Morse ... Dr 62.7 6 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc 0 3,458.6 49.44 8-28-52 a
41- 3ddd__ Arthur Eagan . . Dr 70 4 P S,G 0 C.E D.S Hp 1.7 3,493.9 50.56 10-28-52 Ca
5add L.M. Hait ..... Dr 75.4 5 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Tc .3 3,526.8 57.48 9-10-52
7dcc_. Ray Norman. .. Dr 4 P S.G O C.W N Hp 1.3 3,551.0 71.19 6- 2-52
8ddd_. Barney Button _ ____ Dr 77.7 6 P S.G 0 C.W N Tc .6 3,533.4 63.77 8-28-52
9cca__ Harold Miner __ 1949 Dr 225 18 P S.G 0 T.D I Bcop .7 3,520.9 54.43 6-1 1-53 600M 5M A-160.L,
Ssu
13aab._ Joe Martin ___. Dr 65.0 5 P S.G O C.W S Tc .9 3,469.3 58.90 9- 9-52
15aad._ J.D. Freuden- ___ Dr 70.1 5 P S.G 0 N N Tc .3 3,496.1 53.51 --do __ -
berg.
I7aaa _ L. Norman ____ 1952 Dr 257 18 P S.G 0 T.E I Tc .5 3,537.9 66.20 12- 5-52 1.200M 9M A-45, L
18baa__ Ray Norman Dr 4 P S.G 0 C.W D.S Hpb .3 3,550.1 63.35 6- 2-52
18ddb_. L. Colsen _____ 1949 Dr 235 18 P S.G 0 T.E I Bcop .7 3,544.0 63.87 ..do __ . l.OOOM 25R A-55, L,
Ca, Ssu
2labb_. Willis Cran- 1948 Dr 220 18 P S.G 0 T.B I Hp 1.0 3,512.7 50.71 6- 4-52 710M 20M A-113, L,
well. Ta, Ca
21bbb__ J. D. Long .___ Dr 52.5 6 P S.G O 9 N Tc .8 3,518.3 51.50 8-28-52
25adb;, N. L. Kohl .... 1948 Dr 187 18 P S.G 0 T.G I Ls 0 3,465.5 49 6- 5-52 1,17 5M 17R A-90.L,
Ca,Ssu
27cbb._ Burt HoDkins Dr 67.4 5 P S.G 0 C.W S Bnb .6 3.501.4 51.16 8-28-52
Table 29. Records of wells in the Frenchman Creefe basin, Colorado and Nebraska Continued
!
Principal 00
"cu
to water- Measuring point o ^.
(U bearing (U <U
U bed CM |
.3
*"-* S ~ g s
In St fi S In
(U
CM
u -o~ &
Well Owner or tenanl epth
1«
well
of
iameter eight leseavel!
aboveme (feet wattoer poi
measuring of
ate
measure CO (feet
rawdown)
3(U .anoto eolsoourgice c ethod
lift
of Hi
drearil ed (U cd of
tiaracter of
watseer
£ £ o material escription «3? 1cd
3 (U . CJ
3 CM o £ cd
O 3
A
<a * H Q Q H u O 3 P Q o a P Q JH P rt
M
CHASE COUNTY, NEBR. Continued O
1 F
O
7_41_28acb._ R. L. Ashmore. 1950 Dr 223 18 P S,G O T,G I Hpb 0.3 3,514.5 54.92 6-11-53 1.075M 11M A-120,L O
28ccd_. ...do .._...... Dr 59.5 48 C S,G O N O Tc .3 3,511.6 46.96 7-28-52 ^
30ccc_- J. A. Elder __ 1944 Dr 147 16 P S.G o Cf.G I Tc .3.0 3,515.3 24.50 6- 2-52 900R 9R A-58.L ^
3lbda_. __ do ___ . ... Dr 58.2 5 P S.G 0 C,W D.S Tc .4 3,530.3 40.15 8- 4-53 »
32 abb. - U.S. Geol. 1952 B 8.8 1.25 P S A N O Tc 2.7 3,482.4 6.97 11-14-52 Cow g
Survey. ^
O
32bad_. J. D. Long _. Dr 17.1 6 P S A C.H N Tc .7 3,479.7 5.72 9- 2-52
33add__ R. Colsen_____. Dr 67.9 6 P S,G O C,W S Tc .5 3,495.3 45,87 __ do __ .
33dcc_. J. D. Long. _. Dr 48.0 5 P S,G O C,H D Tc .7 3,496.2 41.18 8-29-52
42- lbaa._ Harold Miner Dr 66.2 4 P S.G o C,W N Bpb .3 3,556.2 53.72 7-25-52
llddd.. Sam Unzicker.. Dr 76.1 6 P S.G 0 N N Tc .3 3,573.2 65.14 8-28-52 O
25baa__ Lee Thomas. __ Dr 52.3 5 P S.G o C.W S Tc 1.2 3,552.4 49.62 9- 2-52 »H
35dca__ U.S. Geol. 1952 Dr 85.6 1.25 P S.G 0 N 0 Tc 1.8 3,551.5 32.96 8-13-52 Cow.L, t£l
Survey. Ps-326 W
8-36- 2ddd.. Dr 204.0 4 P S.G o N N Tc 1.2 3,276.0 178.19 9- 4-52
5cab._ V. H. Coleman. 1953 Dr 130 18 P T.Tr I W
S,G o Hp .1 52.36 7- 8-53 790M 15M A-65.L >
6aac_. Bruce Peak -- 1937 Dr 90 18 P S A T,G I Bpb 0 3,155.2 12.39 10-21-52 810M 18R A-67 g
18bba_. William O'Neil. Dr 106.6 S.G O C.G.W S Tc .7 3,193.7 66.69 9- 4-52 2|
22dcc_. R. A. Terry. __. Dr 162.0 4.5 P S.G o N N Tc 1.9 3,234.9 152.30 9-24-52 Ca
27cab-_ R. H. Goodrich. 1941 Dr 145 18 P S,G o T,Tr I Bpb ' .4 3,110.7 35.12 10-2 1-52 890M 31M A-80.L
3lacb._ William J. Hill. Dr 122.6 4 P S.G o N N Tc .3 3.231.0 106.40 9-24-52
36daa._ Merle O'Neil .. 1932 Dr 206.1 6 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc .4 3,259.4 197.58 9- 4-52 Ca
37-18dda__ Dr 106.8 5 P S,G O c.w S Tc 1.0 3.305.5 101.23 9- 3-52
22aaa__ L. A. Robertson Dr 67.9 5 P S,G O c,w N Tc .4 3,230.4 56.30 __ do ____
27ddd._ A. Haynes Estate 1926 Dr 102.0 5 P S,G O N N Tc .1 3,265.1 99.20 ...do __
32aaa_. P. H. Baldwin.. Dr 87.8 6 P S.G O c.w S Tc 0 3,266.6 83.11 ...do __
38- 4abd__ Cleo Fanning __ 1946 Dr 122.2 5 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc .5 3,354.9 104.03 8-29-52
7baa__ K. L. Castle.. Dr 1Q0.7 4 P S,G O c.w S Tc 1.4 3,348.1 80.31 ...do __ .
I2abc_- Dr 97.7 5 P S,G O N N Tc 0 3,295.2 7,3.74 9- 2-52
' 15daa__ Dr 110.1 6 P S.G O N N Tc .5 3,329.1 92.85 9- 3-52
17ddd._ Dr 90 4 P S.G O c.w S Tpb .2 3,316.6 62.05 10-29-52
19ccb__ Kilpatrick Dr 33.0 5 P S O N N Tc .2 3,271.1 9.63 8-29-52
Brothers .
39- 2dbc_. Dr 106.8 4 P S.G O c.w S Bpb .8 3,376.0 91.69 10- 9-52
I3aaa__ Dr 81.2 4 P S.G O N N Tc 1.6 3,348.2 75.04 8-29-52
16cac_- School District . .... Dr 95.0 5 P S.G O C.W S Tpb .5 3,395.7 79.48 10- 8-52 Ca
29ccc__ Dr 95.8 5 P S.G O c.w S Tc 1.1 3,405.7 71.10 10- 7-52
33daa._ John Edwards.. Dr 70.6 5 P S,G O c.w S Tc .8 3,373.0 62.72 10- 1-52
40- 3dbb._ Ernest .... Dr 109.2 3 P S.G O c.w S Tpb 1.0 3,456.7 100.38 10-20-52
Schroeder.
7ccc._ H. Hughes _____ Dr 134.4 5 P S.G O c.w D.S Tc .2 3,494.3 105.96 9-11-52 Ca
12dac._ May Salsman.. 1951 Dr 125 4 P S.G O c,w N Bpb .6 3,429.0 89.38 10-22-52
ISbcc.. Dr 91.0 6 P S.G O N N Tc .6 3,456.2 87.74 10- 1-52
19ccc__ H. Hughes _____ Dr 90 S.G O c.w D.S Hp 1.8 3,485.9 82.42 10-20-52
22dcc__ Henry 1944 Dr 199 16 P S.G O T.Tr I Ls 0 3,423.2 52.25 __ do __ . l.OOOR A-60,L
Kunnemann.
26bcd__ Elmer 1951 Dr 177 18 P S,G O T.Tr I Bcop 1.0 3,431.1 64.48 6- 4-52 900M 29M A-160.L
Kunnemann. Ps-258, Ta
41- 7cdd_. School District _ Dr 150.5 4 P S.G O C.H N HP 1.6 3,582.2 113.25 10-20-52
15cbb__ Dr 106.5 S,G O C.E.W D, S Tpb .8 3,523.5 104.00 10 7 52
28abc.. Clarence 1951 Dr 207.5 18 P S.G O T.D I Bcop 1.1 3,533.6 82.32 6- 3-52 1.200M 19R A-133.L
Radcliff.
28ada__ __ do _________ Dr 96.5 4 P S,G O J.E D.S Tc .7 3,527.9 81.62 __ do __ . L, Ps-230
30daa_. School District _ Dr 80.2 5 P S,G O C.H N Tc .3 3,548.4 74.89 9-10-52
34abc.. Lester Mort___. 1951 Dr 210 18 P S.G O T.E I Hpb .5 3,514.9 71.87 6- 3-52 1,060M 23M A-155, L.Ta
42-12baa_. E. S. Burns.... Dr 151.6 5 P S.G O C.W N Tc .6 3,593.5 113.37 9-1 1-52
£t 4^ CO CO
r T -
[0 ,_.
r [0 H*
o m co -3 to m co
I
?rr
o*p&crpoa,poo a. a, cr cr P a, cr
ppcroa,a,opo,o crppttcrpcr
ppoo&o&cr&cr cr a, a, a, p a, o
33g "I£ W fH
< 2 F « £S r ^
B- .L*i 2r 2r iG CO CO tO OJ Ul 00
-jcocoocoooococo -j -o CTJ CD 01 !-> -o Depth of well (feet)
o 1-1 CD o 01 co CTJ 01 Oi-immoooui
Type of casing
v> w j/i j/i j/i j/i w JM w Character of a-. 5
material 8"S IP
o. 2. » 2.
OOdOOOOOOd ddOdddO Geologic source 5 ?-S
OO..OOOOOOO O O O O -° O Method of lift
< V; V;"«; "s! "2 "< < "s! < s! < < - "w
Use of water
OOOOOOT3OOO
0* OOOOOOO Description
Distance above or
O Ol CO CO OCOh-'UI CO CTJ CTJ CO Ol 01 Ol
below (-) land
surface (feet)
COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
t^cotococototototoi^ 01 4^ "4^ 4^ 4i "co "co Height above mean o
COCD-04î-'CDCOi-'COCO O-JCOCOO-JO
tOCTJ-OCOCTJOlCDCO-OO CTJ CO CO CO -J CTJ CO sea level (feet)
h-* h-* to tO tO tO ,-i
CTJCOCOCOCOC04^<I4^CO tO CO CO CTJ Depth to water level below
OCOCOOOOi^.tOi-'-Jl-' 01 CTJ !- CD CO CO CO
measuring point (feet)
CDCTJCO4^COCOCOaiCTJO CO CO O CTJ CD CTJ O
Date of measurement
tTTTTTT
cncnmmmmcn
co co co to co co M
Yield (gallons per minute)
Drawdown (feet)
Remarks
Nisva xaano
22bcd ... Claude Frasier. 1951 Dr 95 5 P S,G 0 C,W S Tpb 1.0 3,368.3 48.88 11- 6-52 Ca
24aaa.-_ Dr 64.8 4 P S,G D,0 C,W S Bpb .3 3,318.7 38.11 8-26-52
SOdcc... Jessie Edwards Dr 68^0 5 P S 0 C,W D,S Tc 2.1 3,413.8 52.31 8-27-52
Estate.
40- 8bbc-_- B 28.5 5 P S D C,H D,S Tc 1.5 3,453.8 19.26 9- 8-52
12bca-_- Hector Dr 51.1 4 P S D C,W S Tc 1.7 3,401.4 28.16 ..do. ...
Piedalue.
21bdb-_- Carrie Hester- - Dr 59.6 5 P S D C,W S Bpb 1.0 3,447.7 24.89 11- 6-52 Pa
32bab ... Kansas City Dr 47.5 4 P S D C,W S Tc .7 3,448.9 16.30 9- 5-52
Life Ins. Co.
34caa.-_ Bert Pelecky .. Dr 52.0 5 P S,G n,o C,W S Tc .3 3,452.5 46.29 8-27-52
41-l&ddd ... S. O.Williams- . B 60.5 6 P S D C,W S Tc .5 3,491.2 5.94 9- 4-52
28aac-_. Thomas Cruise. Dr 67.8 4 P S D C,W S Tc 0 3,510.6 5.20 9- 5-52
SOddd ... T. H. Ashton Dr 69.6 6 P S D C,W S Tc .8 3,538.4 14.19 9- 4-52
Estate.
42-12dda ... D. L. Ough ._.. Dr 67.5 4 P S D c,w S Tc .5 3,545.7 9.54 _ q_ co
22adb.-- H. F. Kerst.... Dr 71.6 4 P S D c,w S Tc .3 3,577.7 11.88 12- 8-52 Ca W
O
HAYES COUNTY, NEBR.
5-33- 6cab--_ Dr 220.6 S,G 0 C,W N Tc .3 3,024.4 215.28 9-1 1-52
22dbd ... C. B. Carse -.- 1946 Dr 332 18 P S.G 0 T,D I Hpb .1 2,983.6 229.70 8-28-52 l.OOOR 30R A-120, L
SOcba... C. Stevenson. -. 1943 Dr 90 22 P S,G A-,0 T.Tr 1,0 Bpb .6 2,764.8 20.22 8-22-52 1,340M 28M A-100, L, Ps-
101, Ta
Sldcb ... U.S. Geol. Sur- 1936 Dr 23.0 1 P S A N O Tc 2.7 2,752.5 16.80 7-3 1-52
vey.
Sldcc... Dr 26.4 4 P S A C,H 0 Hpb .3 2,759,1 25.61 ..do ....
34-10bdd.__ Dr 134.5 4 P 8,0 0 C,W S Tpb .5 2,910.9 107.75 7-30-52
Dr 121.0 4 P S,G 0 C,W N Tc 1.0 2,901.7 111.78 9-11-52
15ccd ... Dr 79.1 18 P S,G 0 T.Tr 0 Tc 0 2,808.5 32.61 7 _or>_ K.9 800R U-4
20cdd ... E. Weber ... 1948 Dr 130 18 P S.G 0 T,P I .7 2,847.4 54.21 8-28-52 700M 33M A 71
25dabL-_ Ronald Dr 40.5 4 P S A C,H N Hp 1.1 2,764.8 19.62 8-27-52
Troutman.
25dbb_._ - __ .do..-. ... 1940 Dr 100 22 P 8,0 A,0 T,G I Ls 0 22 ...do ... l.OOOM 21R A 120
28bca ... T. Schreiber... 1944 Dr 131 16 P S,G 0 T,B 1,0 Hpb .5 2,842.0 59.65 8-28-52 690M 26M A-100, L, Ps-
129, Ta
SObaa... U.S. Geol. Sur- 1 1946 B 17.0 1.2J P S A N O Tc 1.0 ....... 12.11 3-27-53 ------ --__ Cow
vey.
354-34a c._-
6-34-16bc - .
.
4aab
35- CO CO
35-15cb -._ CO CO *
16d d- _ O) cn 35acb.-_ (t
28dc -_- 26cdc- _ 35aa . . .16ddc
. a a .
34bbb
1 B)B a
a
i
c| 3w
Grimm
R.
F.
Ross
Dit on. . _GrA.
L. L. RomiW.
rayer- ChDeanristner. .A.
. aves- St.E. Krot er
_ ne Co. Lumbe Krot er
C.
Estate. F. hjO Krot er-
_Dean g?
-_do.. 1
1 n>O 3- o
o 1
3 S"
1 ?i ?r ID
a
i i i CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
Year drilled
in >&. CO CO o
i i 'i [ 0 cn J CO 00 oo to CO o-_
3 O O O O a D O to O O a a aa a Type of well
l_i l_> CO l-> h->
en -a i-» cn co CO 00 i-> cn cn CO CO 00
o i^ cn ~J ~J 0 CO CO 0 0 0 0 -J CO CO Depth of well (feet)
cn in cn oo o -j cn
CO l-> CO
**** 00 i-^ ** 00
'co 00 ' Diameter of well (inches)
cn
O
of
basithe
ReCoCreek
e29*.
Fweland
Nein
renclbotrhianmnldsuakseno,ad
Type of casing
cn co co co co cn co co co cn co cr hj
co co OJ oco COUNTY,
YES
NEBR.
CoHA
ntinued Character of cr S « 2.
O O O O O b o o OO o material S. p. ff 5
O OO O O > o OOO S* S* "X*1* ^ Geologic source TO ' £
oo oo O H -3-2 H 3'» H Method of lift
SB w a H H
co co 2 -co co O « OO so Use of water
H"5 OH OH OH OH aa a§ W
^ 33 2 ow o-w Description g
1 Tl
Distance above of
(D
n
0
below (-) land ^
co cn cn b CO CO b oo co CO CO -j cn surface (feet) 5'
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
"oo "oo "oo "co -j -j
o "o b "o "o Height above mean "§
cn i-1 cn cn o> CO 00 -J CO O in CO 00 CO
rfi CO O CO Cft CO CO cn o po o co cn CO sea level (feet) 5
4^ CO l-> l-> CO CO -J CO l-> b b
to CO 4^ CO CO l-> CO Depth to water level below
Jl CO CO I-1 Cft to co in co CO CO CO CO
» * co o cn
H. CO l CO O
? CO
'-j b U
i-> cn oo
CO
cn
b co
CO CO
b
to
measuring point (feet)
-j
faaf
- O O i i? 5-25-53 4-24-53 ar
0 tO
r
-j Date of measurement
f
cn cn ?
f cn f
tn cn in f
I cn cn
co to to CO CO to CO to CO
1.040M
00 CO CO -J b Yield (gallons per minute)
0 0 cn o 0
o 0 0 0 o
s >-> to
CO CO
00 CO 0 00 O -j Drawdown (feet)
S
O r >
cn j* o
tn o
*l 5 = 1 Remarks
r cn Sr lr
s?
'iooroao
30ddc ... G. L. Colbert ... Dr 290.5 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc 1.0 3,195.6 281.37 9-15-52
35baa ... Everett Large.. ---- Dr 100 5 P S,G 0 c,w S Tpb .7 2,905.6 46.70 7-30-52
7-34-27dda... TV 240.6 S,G 0 C,H N Tc .4 3,166.7 238.57 9-18-52
35- 5dad ... Bernard O'Neil. Dr 160.2 4 P S,G, O C,G D,S Tc .5 3,168.7 123.10 9-15-52
lOcbc.-- C. Neverne ..-. Dr 169.0 S,G O c,w D,S Tpb .8 3,170.1 145.33 9-18-52
lldab ... Sexton brothers. ---- Dr 150.2 48 C S,G O C,H N Bpb 1.0 3,123.6 105.81 ..do. ...
16baa... Dr 165.3 4 P S,G 0 C,H D,S Bpb .7 3,166.7 142.88 9-15-52
27ccc-.- Mary E. Dr 163 4 P S,G O C,E,W D,S Tc 1.2 3,118.4 157.25 ..do __ .
Harpham.
28aaa... Fannie Osmera_ Dr 171.4 4 P S,G 0 C,W D Tpb .2 3,144.4 154.27 ..do __ .
8-35-19add... Thomas O'Neil. Dr 131.6 4 P S.G 0 C,W S Tc 1.7 3,190.2 110.98 9-17-52
22cdd ... Alvin Singleton. .... Du 150 48 C S.G O N N Tc 1.3 3,153.7 99.48 ..do ....
23bcb... W. I. Mead Dr 200.0 4 P S,G 0 C,W D,S Tc 2.0 3,225.5 172.47 _.do-..-
24ccd ... Henry Dr 128.5 4 P S,G 0 c,w D,S Tc .6 3,147.9 108.10 __do ....
Steiborck.
29aab.__ C. O. Troxel -_. Dr 135.1 4 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc 0 3,153.3 85.08 ..do ....
32cdd... Anton Kisela___ _--- Dr 165.7 4 P S,G O N N Tc 1.0 3,203.2 148.54 9-16-52
HITCHCOCK COUNTY, NEB.R.
3-34-12bdd ... Bernard Baker. 1953 Dr 313 18 P S,G O T,D I Hp 0.3 2,987.1 228.30 7-21-53 400M 20M A-60, L, Ps-
313, Ssu
35- Scab... Dr 107.7 5 P S,G 0 C,W S Tc 1.2 2,910.8 97.57 9-24-53
4-34- laaa... F. C. Krotter 1942 Dr 107 24- P S,G 0 T,E I Bcop 1.0 2,766.5 32.22 7-31-52 2.000M 31M A-280, L, Ps-
Estate. 57 107.5, Ta
labb--. Town of 1950 Dr 100 18 P S,G A,0 T,E P Ls 0 2,758.1 22 8-27-52 300R 9R
Palisade. / /
lacb ... ___ do. ...... Dr 100 18 P S,G A,0 T-rE P Ls 0 2,764.4 23 ..do .... 500R 17R Ca
3daa... Estella Follett . Dr 165.0 5 P S,G 0 C,W S Tc 1.0 2,943.8 152.47 9-10-52
7ddd ... D. D. Colby-.-. Dr 265 4 P S,G 0 C,W N Hp 1.3 3,068.4 238.64 11- 4-52
25dba ... J. E. Morey -_- Dr 5 P S,G O C,W N Tc 1.4 2,969.1 209.66 9- 9-52
34bdc... Donald 1938 DD 280 18 P S,G O T,N I Tc 0 2,999.3 204.55 11- 4-52 600R 30R A-50, Ps-266,
McCormick. Ssu
35ccb ... O. Schluckebier. Dr 199.6 5 P S,G O N N Tc 0 2,964.5 186.70 9-10-52
35- 6add._- Dr 261.3 5 P S,G 0 c,w D,S Tc 1.0 3,164.3 256.81 9-1 1-52
31bbb... Dr 300 4 P S,G 0 c,w D,S Hpb 1.0 3,219.1 285.87 11- 4-52
35aad-_. J. E. Miles. .... B 260 12-4 P.W S.G 0 c,w D,S Hp 2.3 3,102.0 242.42 ..do ....
00
CO
CO
CO
.jo
CO CO
05
r
CO
r 3
to i co to r to to i-« i CO to ^
CO CO CO CO CO -J to -q o CO -J O5
a a cr » a » rT ft) O CT Q. O cr a1 o a. DO. a.
m m a. ft> a* o. ft> ft) cr cr cr cr cr PJ a1 V
a a a a1 a a1 o a r> f a. a cr ft) o V cr o o
o John O O
D R.
McG.Grath.
Tagge
.C.
A. J. .GiP.
. . DaEmiif - .-l. H.
Short
W. . l an .H.
Schroder Spel.Frankts. Wayne A.
-J.
Vlasin. Convey-
Bul. lock August
chumer. . .B.
. .McLenaGahan JohnHilferty. O SN. Ga. rtner Bank.
State Commercial (D
b Stub lefield.
0
r c
0 i
3
<D
D
II 1 CO I CO CO I I CO 5fear drilled
II 1 CO i en co i i en
II 1 CO i i en I I o o
0 O O O O O O O O O O O OOO O O O O Type of well v
to to to i
CO O ^ ^ CO CO CO o O CO O5 ! co co i^ O 05 tO 1
co o f£»- to f£». en co O5 'js co ^ ~J en en o Depth of well (feet)
-j en £>. co en 05 O CO CO tss -j co ^ *- 1
»»»,». s .<.» en en co co en en co en co en * Diameter of well (inches)
basi
of
Coand
NeCreek
Fin
wel^29.
the
le
rRenbltoricnahousmnrkdleaos,n
,, ,, , , Type of casing
OT W W W W JJ J) W W W W WWW w MM W Character of
bbbbbbbb bb nbbbb o O O O material bed bearing water- Principal
COUNTY,
PERKINS
NE
o o ooo o o O O O O O OOO o O O O Geologic source
O O O O H O O O OOHHOOH o O O Method of lift
33330 3 $3 3 ffi o o 33 ^ W 33
/I A o o M "Z 21 ~ 0
*«"""- SS * Jse of water
H H H H H H H H H a
O
o o o o o o o o
H HO T3a OH OOO
H H H oH oH oH o Description
a1 §
(D
Distance above or
^00 *- o below (-) land
s5-
05 CO -q O J CO ^ to ^ to o to co CO to to surface (feet)
cocococo cococo cocococococococo CO CO CO o
^ ^ CO CO tO tO tO tOtOi-'l-'tOtOl->tO CO CO CO leight above mean o
O CO tO 05 05 CO -j coo-^cocncococo H- 0 0
o 05 en sea level (feet)
en o co en 05 to -J 03COCOCOeni-'O5 en o !- en
!->O5COCOtOCO-3CO CO-Jl-'tOOCOtOCOCOtO O Depth to water level below
-3co-acococo-3to cocotocoto>^cni->cno en
O I-1 O tO CO O O5 -J tOCO05-Jt005l -3COCO I-" measuring point (feet)
O5
tfc. t * en 05 oo co t * COtOOCOOIO5COtOO5i^ O
CO ~3 _q CO *
^ a I a I T 1,
3 0 to O 0 to ' O g-to I Date of measurement
CO CO coco CO 05
en en en en en en en en en en en en en
to to to to co to co to to to to to co
"o
-j to
en en o o Yield (gallons per minute)
0 o o 0
S Jfl §
CO
CO co en Drawdown (feet)
§ » S
O > O O
ft) | ft) ft)
CO O5 tO
Io Remarks
0
r r
CO
c w CO
aaano 'iocnoao
L. E. Pillard... Dr 136.0 4 P S,G 0 C W D,S To .4 3,423.8 124.73 10- 2-52
18ccd._ Mutual Trust ---. Dr 130.1 4 P S,G O c,w N Tc 1.6 3,444.1 118.49 9-10-52
Life Ins. Co.
24ccb_. Dr 132.4 7, P S,G 0 C W N To 2.6 3,393.4 108.18 10-30-52
25aaa_. Cora Edwards _ --.. Dr 120 2-3 P S,G O C.N N Tc 4.5 3,363.6 84.79 ..do--..
32cbb_- P. H. Gillan .... Dr 98.2 6-4 P S,G 0 C W S To 1.2 3,400.0 84.29 10- 9-52
40- Ibdc.. A. A. Schilling- . ____ Dr 220 3 P S,G O C,E,W D,S Tc 1.6 3,495.8 173.62 10-22-52
8ddb_. State Life Ins. Dr 195.5 5 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc 1.2 3,512.5 148.04 9-1 1-52
Co.
14cdd-_ Dr 127.4 ?, P S,G 0 c,w S To 3.1 3,454.9 112.32 10-22-52 Ca
21bcc_- I. M. Kerr __ .. Dr 136.6 4 P S,G 0 C,N N Rph 2.1 3,486.6 121.44 10- 8-52
41- 2aaa_. 1948 r>r 255 8 P S,G 0 T,E I T,s 3,541.4 150 7- 2-52 120M A-25, Ssu
6dca._ Herbert Sattler. 1952 Dr 263 18 P S,G O T,T I Hpb .1 3,588.4 160.60 9-25-52 l.OOOR 8R A-160, L, Ssu
7dbb_. Town of Dr 233 10 P S,G O T,E P Ls 0 3,592.8 160 8-22-52 180R Ca
Venango.
13aba-_ Livona Watkins. Dr 181.2 4 P S,G O C,W D,S Tpb .2 3,528.0 145.90 10-28-52 Ca W
G. H. Reed .... Dr 175 4 P S,G 0 C W D,S To .2 3,581.0 156.45 --do-..-
Sldcc.. W. Busch---... Dr 149.1 4 P S,G 0 c,w S To 2.6 3,591.7 137.15 8-28-5 1
34cbb._ Dr 154.4 4 P S,G 0 c,w N To .6 3,550.5 134.97 10-10-52 O
35aad._ R. W. Maine 1951 Dr 242 8 P S,G O T,E,G I Tc .4 3,520.1 147 6-12-52 100R 14R A-20, L.Ssu
10-35-31dcd_. Dr 276.2 5 P S,G 0 C W D,S To .4 3,348.3 248.49 8-29-52
36-14daa_. Dr 245.1 5 P S,G 0 C W D,S To 1.6 3,351.8 221.25 9- 2-52
17daa.. Dr 223.1 4 P S,G 0 C W N To 2.4 3,350.3 202.49 9- 9-52
37- labb..
Dr
Dr
258.9
204.3
5
4
P
P
S,G
S,G
0 C W
0 c,w
N
S
To
To
0
.4
3,337.6
3,350.5
225.94
181.91
8-29-52
9- 8-52
I
9bdd. . Dr S,G 0 T,E P T,s 100 8-22-52 75R -.-.
... ..do.. __ . 1950 Dr 267 1?, P S,G 0 T,E P Ks 102 200M
23baa._ Homer Hegwood Dr 128.2 4 P S,G O c,w N Tc 1.0 3,306.1 123.39 9- 9-52
25dcc-_ Dr 91.0 4 P S,G 0 C,W D,S To .7 3,256.3 79.31 9- 2-52
38- 6add._ Dr 179.8 4 P S,G 0 c,w D,S Tr 1.1 3,388.6 136.47 10- 3-52
25dad._ Dr 142.4 3 5 P S,G 0 C,W D,S To .7 3,335.1 118.56 9- 3-52
32ddd_. W. A. Attebery . Dr 145.0 4 P S,G O c,w D,S Tc .6 3,370.3 120.48 10- 3-52
39- 7cca_. Walter 1952 Dr 293 18 P S,G O T,D I Hpb .7 3,461.1 165.82 9-15-52 700R 5M A-150,L,Ssu
Schneider.
ISbbc.- Town of Grant . Du 185 72 C S,G O T,E P Ls 0 3,416.4 155 9- 4-52 375R 10R Ca
14aac_- .....dO------- Dr 225 16 P S,G O T,E P Ls 0 3,407.3 155 --do--_- 675R 27R
17abd_. Emil Kilobasa . 1953 Dr 273 18 P S,G O T,E I Tpb .6 183.92 6- 1-53 725M 8M A-100,L,Ssu
2 4 ebb. . Clyde Cockerill Dr 137.5 4 P S,G O C,W D Tc .9 3,400.7 134.32 10- 2-52
oo 10-39-32bab.
05
to co to to ~~ T oo
I40-
cdb.. 3
O 05 ^ 05 O i-' l CO l O 20bcc_. ^ CO 05 OO
o. a. cr a. o a a. o cr o a. P o o
p a. P P o p p p !» o O Q. O Q.
o o P P a. cr cr cr y> o O Q. O Q.
to > i i
Ernest E.
A.
E.
Sarah BrH.at -. . D
Johnson. Our- - ada M..M.'Mitchel .KiLeolobasa .Anna
Harmier Young.
R.. C.
W. PrRose .Kumor L.
ebyl.-. Joseph -SvF.
. abada
lin-G.
Pe
r.ger. C. OurDavi
- adad _.do.
_. Schroeder. _MarvinKeuten P.
Laur
.Bella
Schrotberger.
O
rti
I
i i i co ' co co i i i 1 1 CO 1 co i Year drilled
tn 01 i i i ; i i tn i tn i
I I 1 CO I co to i i i to i i
D D D D D 99999 a 9999 99 Type of well |
n <
to to i to to co to to to i to to co i tO H->
it* tn -J -] 01 05 05 >-> oo tn O !- O 00 05 -]
co co to tn tn >- oo tn co i-» to tn o tn to tn Depth of well (feet) -
,_> 05 to co -] OO 05
; H* tO ??
*a i
oo oo to oo oo
w
50 Diameter of well (inches) -
tn oo tn co it* as***
tn o ' w 5
>*>* 2!
U1M1J1 MI* * ^^ w Type of casing '
0
Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul W W
O cr ^ ^ ;
d f^Vi a T*aot ^T* of O* ffl * 4 *
OO O OO O O O O O 0 O O O O O O 2! . . , <D P g. 5 "
material a 2- 2 2 £
00
K!H Geologic source TO ' P^ '
O O O OO O O O O O O O O O O
2
0 0 0 H H Hp o OHO H 0 w
Method of lift i
333H oa2 3 3 ft 3 03 50 tt
7
PPw«2 ~~*** 1-^1-^.
^ t-^
^ _i ^, I-H W 1
ww * Use of water <
§
a H H H H H ag.0H 3 (
T3 Tl O O O O
oH oH a
a wr oH o
H OH 01r T3a Description gj ]
cr cr cr »
O. p i
Distance above or g <
o o o
CO 00 -j co -j > i 05 to o 05 tn tn below (-) land J2. |
surface (feet) £ :
oo oo co co co CO OO OO CO CO OO OO OO CO OO OO CO
oo co tn tn tn tn tn 05 tn tn tn o
05 co tn oo co as -] o tn o oo oo to co co Height above mean g- j
co o
>-> CO OO H-> H-> o o to tn co to OO CO O5 >- tn to sea level (feet) ** '
i-> tn 05 tn -J co o o co oo -j 05 00 ^3 *J 05 tn Depth to water level below ]
co o tn o tn CO H-> O CO 05 CO tn 00 tn ^ 05 CO
oo tn co oo (-> tn as co co CO O CO 05 >t» 00
i_> tn >£> -J o to to 05 -J o tn *. o oo co ic
CO 1 CO 00 CO
CO CO CO tO 05
to o to to to r f T T oa
to to
co oo to
8-28-53 9-1
1-52
Date of measurement
tn tn tn tn tn
r: ?rr
tn i
tn tn tn
r
tn tn tn tn
to to to to to oo i to to to to to to to
tn tn tn
tn 0 0 tn Yield (gallons per minute)
O o o o O
to tn to
oo to co (0 Drawdown (feet)
50 g 50
Tf
H ^ A .1
tn POO c *
- o * Remarks
W e
01 01w "t* 01w c r
c - c
xaano 'AOOIOSO
37-10cbc.J TV 201.3 4 P S,G 0 c,w S Tc 1.2 3,359.8 173.41 9- 5-52
23ccd_. R Nickels TV 200.1 4 P S,G 0 c,w S Tc .3 3,358.9 178.58 9- 8-52
Virgil Huebert . TV 112.6 4 P S,G 0 C,H,W D,S Tc .5 3,305.3 95.07 .-do....
38- Iddd.. TV 159.0 S,G 0 c,w N Tc 1.0 3,341.6 135.18 9- 5-52
26cdb.. TV 129.8 5- P S.G 0 C w N Tc .9 3,349.4 119.07 .-do----
6
29cbb_. TV 139.0 4 P S,G 0 c,w S Tc .6 3,382.6 133.12 10- 6-52
Highlanders.
39-16add.. T> 207.1 4 P S,G 0 C N N Tc 1.9 3,439.8 173.06 8-29-52
21bcd.. Walter Brown. _ 1952 Dr 328 18 P S,G O T,D I Hpb 1.0 3,457.6 178.32 7- 8-52 1.090M 39M A-100, L, Ta
C. E. Nichals .. TV 188.4 6 P S,G 0 C,W S Tc 1.4 3,435.3 168.99 8-29-52
35ddd.. 1 Q9 1 TV 198.7 3 P S,G 0 N 0 Tc 0 3,413.7 155.65 9-15-52
40- Ibbb.. M. L. TV 238.3 3 P S.G 0 C,N N Tc 1.5 3,488.9 193.34 8-29-52 O
Heuermann.
lOddc.. T> 9^9 <? 4 P S,G 0 C,W N Tc 2.0 3,507.9 197.79 8-28-52
18add_. T> 222.1 3 P S,G 0 N N Tc 2.4 3,537.7 202.28 ..do. ...
3
27ada.. TV 209.6 P S,G 0 P W N Tc 1.0 3,482.9 173.09 ..do----
41-llbcb.. Dr 258.2 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc 2.2 3,586.5 220.99 8-27-52
Krauter.
13cbb_. H. A. Reed __ - TV 216.0 4 P S,G 0 C w N Tc 2.3 3,535.2 178.57 8-25-52
19bbb.. TV 990 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc 0 3,623.0 218.59 ..do ___
27baa_. TV 258.3 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc 1.4 3,582.5 204.76 .-do--..
Sladd.. r>r 255 5 4 P S,G 0 C w N Tc .2 3,591.4 186.46 ..do----
12-38-29ccc.. TV 252 0 4 P S,G 0 N N Tc .6 3,456.5 226.04 10- 3-52
35bbc.. T> 229.8 4 P S,G O C,W N Tc .2 3,401.8 187.11 9- 5-52
39-30ddd_. TV 187.5 4 P S,G 0 c,w N Tc .4 3,460.1 176.34 8-29-52
3 8-27-52
40-32bcb.. R. E. Milliken . . TV 9<?<? 1 P S,G 0 N N Tc 1.0 3,544.8 214.97
Table 30. Measurements of water levels in observation wells
[In feet below land-surface datum]
LOGAN COUNTY, COLO.

!
Date Water Water Date Water
Date
level level level
&-48-13ddd
Sept. 25, 1950 157.18 Jan. 22, 1952 155.22 Jan. 29, 1953 154.36
Nov. 1 157.13 Feb. 23 155.17 Mar. 25 154.38
Dec. 1 156.46 Mar. 28 155.12 Apr. 27 153.90
Jan. 9, 1951 156.74 Apr. 30 155.01 May 29 154.56
Feb. 14 157.03 May 27 155.04 June 30 154.80
Mar. 12 156.94 June 30 155.34 July 27 155.06
Apr. 19 156.12 July 28 155.25 Aug. 31 154.75
May 22 156.37 Aug. 25 155.33 Sept. 30 154.47
June 11 156.17 Sept. 26 154.98 Oct. 16 154.19
Aug. 6 156.66 Oct. 30 154.49 Jan. 27, 1954 154.21
Aug. 22 156.03 Nov. 28 154.57 Apr. 20 153.65
Oct. 18 156.11 Dec " 20 154.58 Well destroyed
&-49-9daa
Sept. 29, 1950 108.91 Jan. 22, 1952 109.73 Jan. 29, 1953 110.43
Nov. 2 107.65 Feb. 23 109.85 Mar. 25 110.65
Dec. 2 108.40 Mar. 28 109.85 Apr. 27 110.35
Jan. 9, 1951 109.14 Apr. 30 109.99 May 29 110.26
Feb. 14 109.79 May 27 108.91 June 30 110.70
Mar. 12 109.79 June 30 110.22 July 27 109.13
Apr. 19 109.25 July 28 109.60 Aug. 31 108.28
May 22 109.63 Aug. 25 110.61 Sept. 30 108.56
June 11 109.54 Sept. 26 110.59 Oct. 16 108.45
Aug. 6 110.18 Oct. 30 110.43 Apr. 20, 1954 108.48
Oct. 18 110.23 Nov. 28 110.49 Jan. 13, 1955 109.34
Dec. 26 110.49 Dec. 20 110.67
6-13-3 6 ddd
Aug. 14, 1952 14.32 Feb. 26, 1953 15.13 Sept. 23, 1953 15.51
Aug. 27 14.45 Mar. 31 15.24 Oct. 23 15.65
Sept. 26 14.67 Apr. 24 15.25 Nov. 23 15.63
Oct. 31 14.79 May 22 15.29 Jan. 28, 1954 15.81
Nov. 24 14.89 June 23 15.25 Apr. 18 15.82
Dec. 19 14.98 July 29 15.41 Jan. 11, 1955 16.48
Jan. 27, 1953 15.19 Aug. 31 15.43 Mar. 22 16.57
7-42-17ddd
Sept. 5, 1950 65.96 Jan. 27, 1953 65.63 Aug. 21, 1953 65.42
Aug. 14, 1952 65.96 Feb. 26 65.58 Sept. 28 65.30
Aug. 27 65.69 Mar. 27 65.48 Oct. 23 65.44
Sept. 26 65.67 Apr. 23 65.44 Nov. 23 65.38
Oct. 3 65.63 May 21 65.48 Jan. 28, 1954 65.42
Nov. 24 65.55 June 18 65.48 Jan. 11, 1955 67.08
Dec. 19 65.58 July 24 65.44 Mar. 22 67.03
BASIC DATA 459
Table 30. Measurements of water levels in observation wells Continued
Date Water Date Water Date Water

level level level
7 43-9bcc
Oct. 5, 1950 95.09 Jan. 22, 1952 94.95 Feb. 26, 1953 94.39
Nov. 2 95.37 Feb. 23 94.80 Mar. 30 94.74
Dec. 4 95.07 Mar. 29 94.80 Apr. 23 94.70
Jan. 9, 1951 94.98 Apr. 30 94.75 May 21 94.78
Feb. 14 95.31 May 27 94.64 June 25 94.92
Mar. 12 95.15 July 2 94.77 July 24 94.65
Apr. 19 95.05 July 28 94.84 Aug. 21 94.75
May 22 95.12 Aug. 25 94.67 Sept. 28 94.60
June 11 94.97 Sept. 26 94.54 Oct. 27 94.68
Aug. 6 95.04 Oct. 31 95.06 Jan. 28, 1954 94.45
Aug. 16 95.02 Nov. 27 95.03 Apr. 20 94.47
Oct. 18 95.04 Dec. 19 94.82 Jan. 13, 1955 94.25
Dec. 26 94.50 Jan. 27, 1953 94.98 Mar. 24 94.26
7-43-3 5abb
Sept. 28, 1950 39.92 Mar. 29, 1952 38.86 Apr. 23, 1953 38.59
Nov. 2 40.78 Apr. 30 38.90 May 21 38.65
Dec. 4 39.73 May 27 38.81 June 25 39.44
Jan. 9, 1951 39.70 July 28 40.00 July 24 39.60
Feb. 14 39.92 Aug. 25 39.69 Aug. 21 39.50
Mar. 12 39.81 Sept. 26 38.89 Sept. 28 38.95
Apr. 19 40.20 Oct. 31 39.57 Oct. 27 38.89
May 22 39.84 Nov. 24 38.81 Jan. 28, 1954 38.52
June 11 39.63 Dec. 19 38.69 Apr. 20 38.82
Aug. 6 39.47 Jan. 27, 1953 38.75 Jan. 11, 1955 38.58
Aug. 16 39.48 Mar. 38.59 Mar. 22 38.53
Oct. 18 39.16
7 44 20cbc
Oct. 2, 1950 122.00 Feb. 23, 1952 121.10 Apr. 23, 1953 120.57
Nov. 1 121.85 May 27 120.94 May 21 120.70
Dec. 4 121.55 June 30 120.96 June 23 120.55
Jan. 9, 1951 121.51 July 28 121.15 July 29 120.63
Feb. 14 121.88 Aug. 25 120.90 Aug. 21 120.43
Mar. 12 121.44 Sept. 26 120.90 Sept. 28 120.38
Apr. 19 121.34 Oct. 31 121.20 Oct. 27 120.49
May 22 121.44 Nov. 26 120.97 Nov. 23 120.32
June 11 121.32 Dec. 20 120.84 Jan. 28, 1954 120.29
Aug. 16 121.24 Jan. 14, 1953 120.73 Apr. 20 120.24
Oct. 18 121.60 Feb. 24 120.71 Jan. 13, 1955 119.89
Dec. 26 121.56 Mar. 25 120.74 Mar. 24 119.90
Jan. 22, 1952 121.04
9-42-32ccd
Aug. 12. 1952 127.48 Feb. 26, 1953 126.92 Sept. 28, 1953 126.52
Aug. 27 127.34 Mar. 30 126.94 Oct. 27 126.74
Sept. 2.5 127.38 Apr. 23 126.76 Nov. 23 126.48
Oct. 31 127.29 May 21 126.96 Jan. 28, 1954 126.60
Nov. 28 127.23 June 25 127.15 Apr. 20 126.53
Dec. 19 127.12 July 29 126.98 Mar. 23. 1955 126.22
Jan. 27, 1953 127.33 Aug. 25 126.78
Water Water Water

Date Date Date level
level level
10-42-8ccd
July 31, 1952 224.48 Mar. 30, 1953 222.50 Oct. 27, 1953 217.97
Aug. 27 218.10 Apr. 23 217.75 Nov. 23 217.45
Oct. 31 219.64 May 21. 217.73 Jan. 28, 1954 217.80
Nov. 28 220.80 June 25 218.11 Apr. 20 217.65
Dec. 19 221.05 July 29 218.68 Jan. 12, 1955 217.90
Jan. 27, 1953 220.92 Aug. 25 218.60 Mar. 23 217.54
Feb. 26 221.87 Sept. 28 217.90
10h-42-32ccd
July 31, 1952 180.33 Feb. 26, 1953 179.74 Sept. 28, 1953 179.86
Aug. 27 180.83 Mar. 30 179.90 Oct. 27 180.09
Sept. 25 180.41 Apr. 23 179.81 Nov. 23 179.54
Oct. 31 180.27 May 21 179.80 Jan. 28, 1954 179.89
Nov. 28 180.25 June 25 180.15 Apr. 20 179.75
Dec. 19 180.09 July 29 180.14 Jan. 12, 1955 179.73
Jan. 27, 19^53 180.14 Aug. 25 180.02 Mar. 23 179.44
3-49-16ddd
Oct. 8, 1952 229.70 Mar. 9, 1953 229.52 Oct. 16,' 1953 229.18
Nov. 24 229.45 Mar. 25 229.56 Nov. 25 229.47
Dec. 19 229.50 Apr. 27 229.45 Jan. 27, 1954 229.55
Jan. 19, 1953 229.56 May 29 230.40 Jan. 13, 1955 228.75
Jan. 27 229.76 June 29 229.05 Mar. 22 228.72
YUMA COUNTY, COLO.
3-42-4ccc
Aug. 14, 1952 1.98 Feb. 26, 1953 1.22 Sept. 23, 1953 4.07
Aug. 27 2.25 Mar. 31 1.27 Oct. 23 3.42
Sept. 26. 2.32 Apr. 24 .77 Nov. 23 2.52
Oct. 31 2.13 May 22 1.11 Jan. 28, 1954 2.24
Nov. 24 1.86 June 23 2.08 Apr. 18 2.17
Dec. 19 1.70 July 29 2.99 Jan. 11, 1955 2.94
Jan. 27, 1953 1.38 Aug. 31 3.72 Mar. 22 2.61
3-42-3 Ibdd
Aug. 14, 1952 21.25 Feb. 26, 1953 21.70 Sept. 23, 1953 22.36
Aug. 27 21.40 Mar. 31 21.68 Oct. 23 22.56
Sept. 26 21.68 Apr. 24 21.52 Nov. 23 22.52
Oct. 31 21.70 May 22 21.28 Jan. 28, 1954 22.65
Nov. 24 21.70 June 23 21.76 Apr. 18 22.75
Dec. 19 21.70 July 29 22.13 Jan. 11, 1955 24.07
Jan. 27, 1953 21.71 Aug. 31 22.24 Mar. 22 24.24
BASIC DATA 461
Table ZQ.J Measurements of water levels in observation wells Continued
Date Water Water Water

Date Date
level level level
4-44r-36cba
Oct. 2, 1950 30.6"8 Mar. 29, 1952 29.84 Apr. 29, 1953 29.20
Nov. 2 30.23 Apr. 30 29.96 May 22 29.63
Dec. 4 29.82 May 28 30.40 June 23 29.64
Jan. 9, 1951 29.79 June 30 1 37.16 July 29 29.75
Feb. 14 30.24 July 28 1 34.09 Aug. 31 30.23
Mar. 12 30.22 Aug. 25 30.20 Sept. 21 30.28
Apr. 19 30.05 Sept. 26 29.75 Oct. 22 30.22
May 22 30.34 Oct. 28 29.73 Nov. 23 29.62
June 11 30.29 Nov. 21 29.60 Jan. 28, 1954 30.01
Oct. 18 30.51 Dec. 19 29.39 Apr. 18 29.98
Dec. 26 30.36 Jan. 27, 1953 29.65 Jan. 13, 1955 30.90
Jan. 22, 1952 29.79 Feb. 24 29.58 Mar. 24 31.19
Feb. 23 29.92 Mar. 31 29.45
4-46 26acc
Nov. 7, 1952 134.37 June 29, 1953 135.05 Nov. 25, 1953 133.89
Jan. 28, 1953 U4.17 July 31 135,02 Jan. 27, 1954 134.04
Mar. 4 134.09 Aug. 31 135.56 Apr. 25 133.56
Mar. 25 134.18 Oct. 16 134.39 Mar. 24 133.07
Apr. 27 133.61
5-43-36ddd
Aug. 14, 1952 13.82 Feb. 26, 1953 14.45 Sept. 23, 1953 15.57
Aug. 27 14.10 Mar. 31 14.47 Oct. 23 15.79
Sept. 26 14.45 Apr. 24 14.33 Nov 23 15.62
Oct. 31 14.51 May 22 14.22 Jan. 28, 1954 15.68
Nov. 24 14.50 June 23 14.54 Apr. 18 15.59
Dec. 19 14.53 July 29 15.09 Jan. 11, 1955 16.68
Jan. 27, 1953 14.59 Aug. 31 15.38 Mar. 22 16.64
CHASE COUNTY, NEBR.
5-36-7bab
May 29, 1946 16.05 June 9, 1949 14.93 June 7, 1951 16.64
Aug. 15 16.39 July 19 15.87 July 5 16.80
Oct. 24 15.80 Aug. 4 16.20 Aug. 21 16.39
Dec. 16 15.80 Oct. 6 16.00 Oct. 8 16.70
Feb. 27, 1947 15.72 Nov. 17 15.95 Dec. 27 16.54
June 7 16.02 Dec. 20 15.95 Apr. 7, 1952 15.17
July 30 16.02 Jan. 19, 1950 15.80 May 5 15.30
Oct. 8 15.98 Mar. 1 15.81 June 2 15.70
Dec. 5 15.92 Apr. 4 15.85 July 16 15.90
Feb. 4, 1948 15.70 June 1 15.91 Aug. 11 15.81
Apr. 12 15.98 July 11 16.29 Sept. 8 15.95
June 11 16.25 Aug. 11 16.18 Dec. 8 16.19
Aug. 5 16.28 Sept. 19 16.11 Mar. 17, 1953 15.98
Oct. 6 - 16.24 Oct. 16 16.16 Mar. 25 15.97
Dec. 10 15.78 Dec. 7 16.86 Apr. 24 15.91
Feb. 8, 1949 15.69 May 9, 1951 16.28 May 11 15.90
^lad been pumping.

655012 O - 63 - 31
Table 30. Measurements of water levels in observations wells Continued
Water Water Water

Date Date level Date level
level
5-36 7bab Continued
May 22, 1953 15.90 Oct. 27, 1953 16.32 July 17, 1954 15.94
June 16 15.99 Nov. 24 16.55 Sept. 13 15.48
June 23 15.95 Jan. 5, 1954 16.64 Nov. 12 16.53
July 15 15.86 Jan. 29 16.58 Jan. 12, 1955 16.55
July 17 15.84 Mar. 16 16.57 Jan. 19 16.58
Aug. 10 15.87 Apr. 19 16.63 Mar. 18 15.84
Aug. 28 15.85 May 7 16.03 Mar. 23 15.93
Sept. 15 15.98 June 11 16.14 May 10 15.83
Sept. 29 15.94
' 5-36-1 Idbbl
July 29, 1952 20.08 Mar. 26, 1953 19.57 Oct. 27, 1953 19.96
Aug. 28 19.72 Apr. 24 19.50 Nov. 24 19.94
Sept. 25 20.09 May 22 19.51 Jan. 29, 1954 20.01
Oct. 30 19.83 June 25 19.92 Apr. 19 20.06
Nov. 27 19.70 July 17 19.85 Jan. 12, 1955 19.85
Dec. 20 J.9-.S7-- Aug. 28 20.02 Mar. 23 19.43
Jan. 28, 1953 19.48 Sept. 29 20.20
5-39-5ddd
July 28, 1952 59.11 Mar. 27, 1953 59.07 Oct. 28, 1953 59.20
Aug. 28 59.13 Apr. 23 58.98 Nov. 23 59.16
Sept. 25 59.04 May 21 58.95 Jan. 28, 1954 59.36
Oct. 31 59.00 June 18 59.12 Apr. 19 59.38
Nov. 27 59.09 July 17 59.13 Jan. 11. 1955 60.0.6
Dec. 20 59.03 Aug. 21 59.09 Mar. 23 60.23
Jan. 28, 1953 59.02 Sept. 25 59.08
6-36-24dcc
July 30, 1952 288.80 Mar. 26, 1953 288.84 Sept. 29, 1953 288.63
Aug. 28 288.65 Apr. 24 288.69 Oct. 27 288.71
Sept. 25 288.76 May 22 288.72 Jan. 29, 1954 288.77
Oct. 3 288.83 June 25 288.72 Apr. 19 288.75
Nov. 27 288.82 July 17 288.68 Jan. 12, 1955 288.91
Dec. 20 288.74 Aug. 28 288.68 Mar. 23 288.83
Jan. 28, 1953 288.84
6-39-22bcc
July 28, 1952 12.74 Mar. 27, 1953 12.06 Oct. 27, 1953 12.49
Aug. 28 12.75 Apr. 23 11.89 Nov. 23 12.29
Sept. 25 12.69 May 21 11.98 Jan. 28, 1954 12.17
Oct. 31 12.40 June 18 12.38 Apr. 19 12.11
Nov. 27 12.32 July 17 12.54 Jan. 11, 1955 12.30
Dec. 20 12.20 Aug. 21 12.61 Mar. 23 12.20
Jan. 28, 1953 12.09 Sept. 25 12.78
6-40-20cdc
I I
Sept. 4, 1952 26. 71 Mar. 27, 1953 %. 40 june 18, 1953 4.95
Nov. 28, 3. 95 Apr. 23 4. 28 July 17 4.85
Dec. 20 3. 70 May 21 2 10. 16 Aug. 29 85.00
Jan. 22, 1953 3. 23 June 3 3. 61 Sept. 28, 3 5.60
2 Well pumping
^Well pumped recently.
BASIC DATA 463
Date Water Water Water

Date Date
level level level
6-40-20cdc Continued
Oct.
Jan.
23. 1953
28, 1954
4.79
4.82
I Apr.
Jan.
20, 1954
13, 1955
6-41-4dda
5.90
4.38
Mar. 23, 1955 3.97
Sept. 17, 1952 30.78 May 21, 1953 30 .61 Nov. 23, 1953 30.87
Oct. 31 30.74 June 18 30 .70 Jan. 28, 1954 30.90
Dec. 20 30.60 July 17 30.87 Apr. 20 30.89
Jan. 28, 1953 30.60 Aug. 21 30.75 Jan. 13, 1955 31.02
Mar. 26 30.62 Sept. 28 31 .07 Mar. 22 31.45
Apr. 23 30.55 Oct. 23 30.98
Date 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
7-38-28-ccc
[Water-stage recorder installed Dec. 23, 1948. Depth to water. 76.85 ft on Dec. 9, 1944.
Following tabulation gives lowest daily stage taken from recorder charts for the 1st
and 15th of each month)
75.60 75.32 75.14 74.57 74.73

75.80 75.40 75.01 74.65 .74.83
Feb. 1-. _____ 75.76 75.34 74.50 74.82
Feb. 15 75.70 75.31 75.00 74.70 74.50 74.83
Mar. 1--------- 75.38 74.42 74.81
Mar. 15--------- 75.35 74.85 74.55 74.83
75.39 75.03 74.53 75.08
Am- 1R 75.28 74.90 74.57 75.05
May l_--_ __ .- 75.25 74.82 74.67 74.90
May 15 - 75.22 74.92 74.63 74.62 74.91
75.52 75.22 74.84 74.60 74.73 74.91
75.26 74.88 74.60 74.71 74.91
July 1--------- 75.17 74.64 74.82 74.98
July 15- .__-_ 75.13 74.99 74.61 74.72 75.07
75.20 74.92 74.53 74.74 75.19
Aug. 15 ------ 75.58 75.12 74.95 74.56 74.90 7$*24
Sept. 1--- __ ... 75.59 75.14 74.98 74.68 74.84 75.28
Sept. 15-- 75.57 75.12 75.03 74.58 74.89 75.30
Oct. 1--- ...... 75.57 75.17 74.87 74.63 74.89 75.28
Oct. 15 -. .... 75.56 75.09 74.84 74.57 74.95 75.32
Nov. 1------ __ 75.55 75.18 74.62 74.95 75.34
Nov. 15------ ... 75.53 75.24 74.57 74.85 75,14
Dec 1 75.46 74.52 74.82 75.34
Dec. 15 _________ 75.47 75.15 74.57 74.90 75.18
Water Water
Date Date Wate,r 1 Date
level level II level
7-39-33cca
July 28, 1952 7.16 Mar. 26, 1953 6.03 Oct. 27, 1953 6.50
Aug. 28 7.23 Apr. 23 5.82 Nov. 23 6.15
Sept. 25 7.22 May 21 5.82 Jan. 28, 1954 6.08
Oct. 31 6.72 June 18 6.49 Apr. 19 6.04
Nov. 27 6.56 July 17 6.45 Jan. 11, 1955 6.27
Dec. 20 6.39 Aug. 21 5.25 Mar. 22 6.15
Jan. 28, 1953 6.21 Sept. 25 6.44
Toble 30. Measurements of water levels in observation wells Continued
Date Water Date Water Date Water

level level level
7-41-2 Seed
July 28, 1952 46.66 Mar. 26, 1953 46.27 Oct. 23, 1953 46.82
Aug. 28 46.72 Apr. 23 46.15 Nov. 23 46.50
Sept. 25 46.60 May 21 46.17 Jan. 28, 1954 46.59
Oct. 31 46.54 June 18 46.32 Apr. 19 46.45
Nov. 28 46.60 July 17 46.58 Jan. 11, 1955 46.78
Dec. 20 46.33 Aug. 21 46.68 Mar. 22 46.65
Jan. 28, 1953 46.29 Sept. 28 46.75
7-41-3 2 abb
Nov. 14, 1952 4.27 Apr. 23, 1953 3.03 Oct. 23, 1953 5.10
Nov. 28 4.18 May 21 3.22 Nov. 24 4.55
Dec. 20 3.99 June 18 4.17 Jan. 28, 1954 4.10
Jan. 28, 1953 3.72 Aug. 21 4.93 Apr. 18 3.95
Mar. 26 3.28 Sept. 28 5.45 Mar. 22, 1955 4.16
7-42-35dca
Aug. 13, 1952 31.16 Feb. 26, 1953 31.04 Sept. 28, 1953 31.19
Aug. 27 31.07 Mar. 26 31.10 Oct. 23 31.34
Sept. 26 31.20 Apr. 23 31.07 Nov. 23 31.20
Oct. 31 31.12 May 21 31.07 Jan. 28, 1954 31.28
Nov. 24 31.10 June 18 31.06 Apr. 18 31.25
Dec. 19 31.08 July 24 31.20 Jan. 11, 1955 31.55
Jan. 27, 1953 31.13 Aug. 21 31.24 Mar. 22 31.59
HAYES COUNTY, NEBR.
5-33-30cba
Mar. 19, 1946 18.88 Jan. 19, 1950 18.98 Mar. 17, 1953 18.89
May 29 19.11 Mar. 6 18.91 Mar. 27 18.80
Aug. 15 20.00 Apr. 14 18.98 Apr. 24 18.88
Oct. 24 18.84 July 11 19.38 May 11 19.27
Dec. 16 18.71 Sept. 20 19.23 May 22 242.25
Feb. 27, 1947 19.16 Oct. 16 19.28 June 16 19.28
June 7 19.51 Dec. 6 19.13 July 15 19.57
July 30 19.48 May 9, 1951 19.05 Sept. 15 19.96
Oct. 8 19.65 June 7 18.45 Sept. 29 19.38
Dec. 5 19.21 July 5 18.80 Oct. 28 19.64
Feb. 4, 1948 19.26 Oct. 8 19.33 Nov. 24 18.90
Apr. 12 19.34 Dec. 27 19.21 Jan. 5, 1954 19.25
June 9 19.57 Apr. 7, 1952 18.83 Jan. 29 18.73
Aug. 4 19.71 May 5 18.86 Mar. 16 19.23
Oct. 6 19.78 June 2 19.17 Apr. 19 18.96
Dec. 9 19.23 July 16 19.68 May 7 19.09
Apr. 6, 1949 18.83 Aug. 11 20.12 Sept. 13 20.32
June 9 17.86 Sept. 8 19.46 Nov. 12 19.47
July 19 19.32 Nov. 27 20.32 Jan. 12, 1955 18.69
Aug. 2.6 19.72 Dec. 8 19.01 Jan. 19 19.41
Oct. 6 19.40 Dec. 20 18.81 Mkr. 18 19.04
Nov. 17 19.14 Jan. 28, 1953 18.71 Mar. 23 18.67
Dec. 20 19.13
' Well pumping.

BASIC DATA 465
Water Water Date Water
.Date Date
level .level level
5-3 3-31 deb
[For measurements prior to 1951, see U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Papers 817,840,
845, 886, 908, 938, 946, 988, 1018,1073, 1098, 1128, 1158, and 1167]
Jan. 25, 1951 14.27 Dec. 8, 1952 13.05 Oct. 28, 1953 14.77
May 9 14.10 Dec. 20 13.15 Nov. 24 14.24
June 7 13.36 Jan. 28, 1953 12.95 Jan. 5, 1954 13.98
July 5 13.23 Mar. 17 13.01 Jan. 29 13.82
Aug. 21 14.08 Mar. 27 13.16 Mar. 16 13.81
Oct. 8 13.35 Apr. 24 13.24 Apr. 19 12.82
Dec. 27 13.34 May 11 12.91 May 7 13.00
Apr. 7, 1952 12.70 May 22 12.81 June 11 13.33
May 5 12.70 June 16 13.03 July 17 14.42
June 2 13.09 June 26 13.66 Sept. 13 14.03
July 16 13.64 July 15 13.91 Nov. 12 13.20
July 31 14.10 July 16 14.06 Jan. 12, 1955 13.31
Aug. 11 14.00 Aug. 10 14.03 Jan. 19 13.28
Aug. 25 14.10 Aug. 28 14.33 Mar. 18 13.03
Sept. 8 13.42 Sept. 15 14.76 Mar. 23 13.10
Oct. 30 13.23 Sept. 29 15.15 May 10 13.23
Nov. 27 13.24
5-33-31dec
July 31, 1952 25.31 Apr. 24, 1953 23.52 Oct. 28, 1953 25.89
Aug. 25 24.99 May 22 23.16 Nov. 24 24.82
Oct. 30 23.67 June 25 24.22 Jan. 29, 1954 24.14
Nov. 27 23.42 July 16 24.97 Apr. 19 23.08
Dec. 20 23.35 Aug. 28 26.02 Jan. 12, 1955 23.45
Jan. 28, 1953 23.13 Sept. 29 26.38 Mar. 23 23.32
Mar. 27 23.44
5-34-15ccd
July 30, 1952 32.61 Mar. 27, 1953 31.62 Oct. 28, 1953 32.44
Aug. 28 32.33 Apr. 24 31.49 Nov. 24 31.94
Sept. 25 32.43 May 22 31.62 Jan. 29, 1954 31.60
Oct. 30 32.14 June 26 32.25 Apr. 19 31.62
Nov. 27 31.35 July 16 32.54 Jan. 12, 1955 31.68
Dec. 20 31.74 Aug. 28 32.90 Mar. 23 31.56
Jan. 28, 1953 31.54 Sept. 29 32.97 /
5-34-28bca
Mar. 19, 1946 57.67 June 9, 1949 57.03 May 9, 1951 58.26
May 29 58.30 July 19 57i32 June 7 58.05
Aug. 15 58.48 Aug. 26 58.24 July 5 58.00
July 30, 1947 57.70 Oct. 6 57.90 Oct. 8 57.90
Oct. 8 56.91 Nov. 17 57.68 Dec. 27 57.88
Dec. 5 57.87 Dec. 20 57.61 Apr. 7, 1952 57.30
Feb. 4, 1948 57.62 Jan. 19, 1950 57.50 May 5 57.31
Apr. 12 57.60 Mar. 6 57.19 June 2 57.43
June 9 58.42 Apr. 6 58.33 July 16 59.60
Aug. 4 60.25 May 26 57.45 Aug. 28 59.15
Oct. 5 58.30 Aug. 11 58.16 Sept. 8 58.57
Dec. 9 57.61 Sept. 20 58.83 Oct. 30 58.12
Feb. 8, 1949 57.39 Oct. 16 58.18 Dec. 8 57.79
Apr. 6 57.20 Dec. 6 58.12 Dec. 20 57.83
GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY, FRENCHMAN CREEK BASES"
466
Table : iQ. Measurements of water levels in observation wells Continued
Water Water Water
Date Date pate level
level level
5-34 28bca Continued
Jan. 28, 1953 57.65 Sept. 15, 1953 59.52 May 7, 1954 58.00
Mar. 17 57.30 Sept. 29 58.45 June 11 55.65
Mar. 27 57.67 Oct. 28 58.20 Sept. 13 59.27
Apr. 24 57.61 Nov. 24 58.16 Nov. 12 58.32
May 22 57.72 Jan. 5, 1954 58.10 Jan. 12, 1955 58.28
June 25 58.22 Jan. 29 58.05 Jan. 19 58.20
July 16 2 63.00 Mar. 16 58.09 Mar. 18 57.90
Aug. 28 58.99 Apr. 19 58.13 Mar. 23 57.95
5-34-30baa
Aug. 15. 1946 11.47 Apr. 6, 1950 10.75 June 16, 1953 11.12
Oct. 24 10.55 May 26 10.72 June 25 11.15
Dec. 16 10.81 July 11 11.13 July 15 11.04
Feb. 27, 1947 10.62 Aug. 11 11.04 July 17 11.03
June 7 10.96 Sept. 20 11.09 Aug. 10 11.06
July 30 11.09 Oct. 16 11.01 Aug. 28 11.18
Oct. 8 11.30 Dec. 6 11.84 Sept. 15 11.23
Dec. 5 11.19 May 9, 1951 11.55 Sept. 29 11.35
Feb. 4, 1948 10.72 June 7 11.15 Oct. 28 11.42
Apr. 12 11.02 July 5 11.63 Nov. 24 11.70
June 9 11.31 Aug. 21 11.35 Jan. 5, 1954 11.83
Aug. 4 11.38 Oct. 8 1.1.50 Jan. 29 11.40
Oct. 5 11.53 Dec. 27 11.42 Mar. 16 11.80
Dec. 9 10.87 Apr. 7, 1952 10.19 Apr. 19 12.81
Feb. 8, 1949 9.63 May 5 10.33 May 7 11.29
Apr. 6 10.45 June 2 10.74 June 11 11.52
June 9 10.05 July 16 11.09 July 17 11.48
July 19 10.93 Aug. 11 11.05 Sept. 13 11.04
Aug. 4 11.25 Sept. 8 11.11 Nov. 12 11.73
Aug. 26 11.38 Dec. 8 11.02 Jan. 12, 1955 11.57
Oct. 6 11.16 Mar. 17, 1953 11.20 Jan. 19 11.60
Nov. 17 10.48 Mar. 27 11.11 Mar. 18 11.10
Dec. 20 10.85 Apr. 24 11.03 Mar. 23 11.11
Jan. 17, 1950 10.11 May 11 11.02 May 10 11.17
Mar. 6 10.60 May 22 11.02
5-35-16ddd
Aug. 15, 1946 9.18 Aug. 4, 1949 9.20 Dec. 27, 1951 9.26
Oct. 24 8.22 Nov. 17 8.69 Apr. 7, 1952 7.74
Dec. 16 8.35 Dec. 20 8.62 May 5 7.83
Feb. 27, 1947 8.38 Jan. 19, 1950 7.68 June 2 8.44
June 7 » 8.65 Mar. 6 8.66 July 16 9.17
July 30 8.88 Apr. 6 8.50 Aug. 11 9.35
Oct. 8 9.00 May 26 8.59 Sept. 8 8.85
Dec. 5 8.75 July ' 11 9.21 Nov. 27 9.10
Feb. 4, 1948 8.41 Aug. 11 8.97 Dec. 8 8.94
Apr. 12 8.70 Sept. 20 8.97 Dec. 20 9.00
June 11 9.15 Oct. 16 8.87 Jan. 28, 1953 8.80
Aug. 4 9.32 Dec. 7 9.74 Mar. 17 8.83
Oct. 6 9.33 May 9, 1951 9.08 Mar. 26 8.74
Dec. 10 8.58 June 7 9.09 Apr. 24 8.71
Feb. 8, 1949 6.83 July 5 9.64 May 11 8.67
Apr. 6 7.96 Aug. 21 9.35 May 22 8.70
June 9 7.70 Oct. 8 9.49 June 16 8.84
2 Well pumped recently.

BASIC DATA 467
Toble 30. Measurements of water levels in observation wells Continued
Water Water Water
JDate .level JDate Date .
level level
5-35r-16ddd Continued
June 25, 1953 9.16 Nov. 24, 1953 9.49 Sept. 13, 1954 8.27
July 15 9.00 Jan. 5, 1954 9.57 Nov. 12 9.42
July 17 8.91 Jan. 29 9.06 Jan. 12, 1955 9.23
Aug. 10 9.12 Mar. 16 9.45 Jan. 19 9.32
Aug. 28 8.98 Apr. 19 9.59 Mar. 18 8.66
Sept. 15 9.04 May 7 8.90 Mar. 23 8.67
Sept. 29 9.09 June 11 9.14 May 10 9.14
Oct. 28 9.29 July 17 9.53
5-35-16ddc
July 29, 1952 24.25 Mar. 26, 1953 21.67 Oct. 28, 1953 22.12
Aug. 28 24.63 Apr. 24 21.54 Nov. 24 22.28
Sept. 25 23.52 May 22 21.59 Jan. 29, 1954 22.04
Oct. 30 22.06 June 25 22.45 Apr. 19 23.17
Nov. 27 22.00 July 17 22.10 Jan. 12, 1955 22.14
Dec. 20 21.79 Aug. 28 22.35 Mar. 23 21.60
Jan. 28, 1953 21.54 Sept. 29 22.27
5-35-24dac
Aug. 1, 1952 15.91 Mar. 27, 1953 15.66 Oct. 28, 1953 16.04
Aug. 28 15.85 Apr. 24 15.62 Nov. 24 16.27
Sept. 25 15.82 May 22 15.62 Jan. 29, 1954 16.07
Oct. 30 16.44 June 25 15.85 Apr. 19 16.37
Nov. 27 15.84 July 17 15.74 Jan. 12, 1955 16.25
Dec. 20 15.78 Aug. 28 15.90 Mar. 23 15.73
Jan. 28, 1953 15.52 Sept. 29 16.02
11-39-3 5ddd
Sept. 15, 1952 155.65 .July 29, 1953 155.37 Nov. 23, 1953 154.60
Apr. 1, 1953 155.50 Aug. 26 155.17 Apr. 20, 1954 154.80
May 12 155.58 Sept. 28 154.72 Mar. 23, 1955 154.45
June 2 5 155.45 Qct. 27 155.20
INDEX
A Page D page
Acknowledgments______________ 7-8 Dakota sandstone... 26
Acres irrigated with water from wells____ 90,92 Darcy's law 93
Akron, Colo.................................. 42,51 Dawson arkose.__ 26-27
Algal bed... . ._...... 40,41 Decatur County, Kans 50
Alluvial deposits, sand and gravel.____ 15-16,87 Depressions, undrained 8,9,77
Alluvium........ 23,58,62,65, 76,78,83,86, 111; pi. 2 Discharge of ground water 78,96,97,110
character__________________ 32,53 Drainage_ _ 9-13,52
distribution and ihickness _.__29, 53; pis. 2,3 Drinking water standards.. __ __ 104,108
flood-plain_________________ 29 Droughts . ... - 14,17,18-19
terraces. ____ .. 13,23,29; pi. 2 Dundy County, Nebr. 3,
water supply._______._____ 53,66,88 8,11,21,107,195-196,408-410,450-451
Altitude of land surface___________ 8; pi. 2 Dune sand. _____.__ 9,11,23,24,29,51-53,76,86
American Society of Civil Engineers, quoted. 79 character....__.___.....__ 9,11,47,51-53
Amherst, Colo..._______.. ______ 88 distribution and thickness..__ 51-52/110; pi. 1
Aquifer tests, summary of results.___ 58,60; pi. 7 water supply.- 52-53,77
Aquifers, classification____________ 63 Dune-sand deposits._ . 110
specific yield. _______________ 116 Dunes . . ..... 9-11,29,52
Arbuckle group________________ 25
Arikaree sandstone______________ 27,28 E
Arterburn Lake_________________ 76 Ellas, M. K., quoted....... ...... 41
Artesian conditions... __ . . 67 Enders, Nebr.... _.... 6,88,100,101,102,104
Atmospheric pressure, effect on water level in Enders Dam._________.__. 3,9,76
wells............................. 71-73 Enders Reservoir.._ 6,
39,70,76,83,101,109,110,122,123
Erosion, Precambrian basement rocks 25
Baca County, Colo________-_______ 26 Escarpment, High Plains_______ 28
Bank storage, defined. 77 Evaporation rate from land areas at various
Basic data, explanation_____________ 129 temperatures. . 81
Brule formation...______ 24,33,34,35,36,39,40 Evapotranspiration, fluctuations in water
Brule Indians. _______ _____ 36,39 table caused by 71
Bureau of Land Management . 6 Extent of area_____ . 3
Oarlile formation________________ 26 Fanning............ . - 14,17,21

Castle Rock conglomerate.. _....___ 27 Field coefficient of permeability, defined...... 54
Cattle raising.....____._________ 17-18 Fieldwork .....__ _.... 5-6
Ohadron formation_____________ 33,34-38 Fleming, Colo_______ . 51,73
Champion, Nebr_____.._..... 9,10,16,88,97 Flood plains......_.....__. ... 9,10,29,70
ChRse County, Nebr____._________ 3, Folds......................_ _. . .. 27
5, 8, 11, 18, 20, 21, 22, 35, 50, 86, 99,
Fossils.......... ... 26,30,41
104, 106-107, 109, 169-195, 363-108,
440-449, 461-464. Fox Hills formation... ... . 26,27
Chemical analyses, ground water.....__ 6,105-108 Frenchman Creek_____..____.- 3,
surface water in Nebraska______ 6,102-103 5,6.8,10,11-13,29, 52,68, 70,83,100,101,109,110,
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co 8, 112-113,121-123
22,88 alluvial valleys. .. 11,13,21,53,111
Clay, bentonitic________________ 30,42 alluvium..... . 24,32,53,65
Climatic data, summary____________ 13 flood plain and meandering channel- 10
Coefficient of storage, defined________ 54
Coefficient of transmissibility, denned____ 54 fluctuations__ 83,121
Cone of depression_______________ 55 reservoirs in Nebraska 76
Cost of pumping water from irrigation wells.. 92-95 valley floor___ .. ll, 13
Crops, annual acreage harvested_______ 20 water rights_ 76
Culbertson, Nebr___________ 6,100,103,104 Front Range.._,. 23-24.27
469
470 INDEX
O Page Page
Gas.......................................... 16,27 Location of area.... 3,4
Geologic formations, areal distribution__ 30; pi. 1 Location of water-sampling points ... pi. 10
Glaciers, alpine.________________ 29 Logan County, Colo.------ 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 21, 31, 39,
continental..._______________ 29 105,130-137,208-240,424-427,458
Graneros formation______________ 26 Logs, drillers'... 6,129,20^422
Granite wash. ________________ 25 electric, of test holes. .__ . 5,32,33,47,48
Grant, Nebr_._______________ 42,108 oil-test wells.. . 31
Greenhorn formation_____________ 26 sample, of test holes. __________ 130-207
Ground water, properties___________ 104 Lohman, S. W., quoted..___________ 28-29
Ground-water divide_________ 69-70,93,110 Louisville, Colo__ __ .. 31
Ground-water recharge by infiltration of sur- Lugn, A. L., quoted... ...._..., .- 51
face water..___________ 76,77,78
M
H
McLaughlin, T. G., quoted_...._-___- 31,33
Hamlet, Nebr________.___._.__ 88
Meinzer, O. E., quoted____________ 56,66
Hardness, defined. ______________ 109
Methods of constructing irrigation wells.. 97-99
Harvey damsite, proposed.._________ 112
Methods of exploration for ground water . 99-100
Haxtun, Colo. _._________ 69,87,88,98,99
Midwest Electric Membership Corp..___. 7,91
Hay, Robert, quoted_____________ 70
Morgan County, Colo 27
Hayes County, Nebr_____________ 3,
Morrison formation __.__ ....._. 26
8, 11, 21, 93, 196-200, 410-415, 451-463,
Mortar beds................... . 9,10,40-42,50
464-467.
Movement of ground water _ 64,66,68,69,110
High Plains.._.____.... 8,18,28,29,39,42,69,77
Muskat formula _.......... 116,120-121
influence of drought on agriculture___ 18-19
western escarpment..___________ 28
N
Highline Electric Association______ 90-91,92-93
Hill, D. R., quoted...__________ 30,40-41,51 Niobrara formation... 26
Hitchcock County, Nebr___________ 3, Smoky Hill chalk member. - 30-31
21, 51, 107, 200-202, 415-416, 453 North Fork of the Republican River____. 23,30
Holyoke, Colo..______________ 11,62,69 North Platte River ......._... .. 34
precipitation.....___.___.... 13-14,20,74
Hydrographs, Frenchman Creek.._____ 84 O
Hydrographs for wells, Colorado__...__. 74 Ogallala formation 8-
Nebraska.. .__ _________ 75 9, 10,13,15,16, 23, 24, 28, 29, 33, 40-50, 55, 58,
60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 78, 83, 86-88, 93, 95, 96, 100,
112; pis. 1, 2.
character 40-42
Imperial, Nebr., gaging station________ 84, distribution and thickness 42; pi. 1,2
112,119,122-123 mortar beds__ 9,10
normal rainfall_ _____________ 82 Sand and gravel__________ 15-16,66,100
normal temperature. ___________ 82 terraces... . - 13,23
precipitation..________ 13,14,17,20,75,84 water supply.________ ._- 49,66,87,88
Irrigation.........._.....__ 5, 21, 22, 49, 76-77, Oil________________________ 16,23, 27
78,85,86,90-92,99,100,109,114 Outliers, Brule formation ... 39
Irrigation development from ground-water Sanborn formation. 51
sources. __.... 111-112
Palisade, Nebr..... . .. 2>

Jacob, C. E., modified nonequilibrium Theis 3, 8, 11, 16, 53, 76, 83, 85, 93, 110, 113, 114, 115
formula_______________ 57-59 gaging station... __.. 117,119,120,122,123
Julesburg. structural basin__________ 27 precipitation... _ 14,18,20,73
wells--- __ __ 87,108
Paoli, Colo _... 88
Parts per million, defined..___ 101
Kilpatrick Reservoirs. 76
Patent Creek..___ 3,4
Peorian loess.--.._ 51
Percent sodium, defined.._______ 101
Lamar, Nebr___________________ 39,88 Perkins County, Nebr. 3,
Lamotte sandstone______________ 25 8, 11, 21, 45, 46, 93,107, 203-207, 417-422, 454-
Laramide uplift.._______________ 26-27 457, 467.
Laramie County, Wyo. ___________ 39 Permeability of a rock, defined...-- 53-54
Laramie formation______________ 26-27 Phillips County, Colo 3,
Leroy, Colo., precipita tion... _____ 13,14,15,20 8, 11, 18, 20, 21, 22, 42, 43-44, 49, 86, 105, 137-
Livestock on farms. ______________ 18 152,241-261,427-432,458-459.
INDEX 471
Page Page
Pierre shale...-____.__ 23, 24, 26,27; pis. 2, 6 Specific yield, defined - 54
character.__________________ 30-31 Spring Creek 4",
distribution and thickness____ ___ 31 8,11,13,69,70,77,83,110, 111, 112,122,123
water supply _____________ 31,33-34,65 Springs, gravity 83
Piezometric surface, defined..________ 55 Stinking Water Creek ._ ___ 3,
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.._______ 36,39 6,8,11,13,69,70,77,83,104,110, 111, 112,122,123
Pit, sand and gravel_____________ 16 Storage, ground-water 96-97
Population.____________________ 21-22 Streamfiow, computations of depletion.--.- 112-123
Precambrian Rocks..._____________ 23-25 measurements..._.. 83-85,97,112-115; pi. 10
Precipitation.__________________ 3, Streams, effluent ___._ ___ 9,10,11,77,83
13-15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 52, 69, 71, 73-77, influent. ._____.__________ 9,11,77
80, 81, 82, 83,84, 97,123; pi. 4. intermittent____ 77; pi. 1
Previous investigations____________ 3,5 Subsurface flow across the Colorado-Nebraska
Provinces, topographic.____________ 8 State line in the Frenchman Creek
Purgatoire formation, Cheyenne sandstone basin. 96
member_______________ 26 Subsurface outflow from the Frenchman Creek
Kiowa shale member.__________ 26 basin____ _ 95
Purpose and scope of investigation______ 2-3 Surface water in Nebraska, chemical anal-
yses________________ 102-103
R Surface waters, properties.. 101
Rainfall...._._ __... _..... 14,76,77,81 South Platte River.__.... 4,9,28,29,36,39,71,129
See also Precipitation.
Rapp, J. R., and others, quoted _.._ _. 40
Recharge of ground water, from precipitation.. 2, Temperature______ . 13,79,80,81
3,69,73, 76,96,97 Terrace deposits.. _ - 23,24,29,53; pi. 2
Red Willow Creek....__________.._ 3,4 Terraces________ 13
Relief, sandhills________________ 9 Test holes._______. __- ____ __ 5,
Republican River.______________ 71 23,30,32,33,35,36,37-38,42,43-48,100,129,
Reservoirs in Nebraska on Frenchman Creek.. 76 130-207; pis. 2,6
Resources, principal 2-3 Theis-Conover chart 116,118
Rocky Mountain geosyncline _____ 26-28 Theis equation... 56-57
Runoff...___ ....__.__. 70,76,112,117,123 Theis nonequilibrium formula 117
Titanothere beds. 34
Tompkin, J. M., quoted.. _ 30,40-41
St. Louis, Mo.. . .. . . 29 Topography .... 8-9,21
Sanborn formation, character _ . 48,49-51 Transpiration, a factor in controlling decline
distribution and thickness.. _____ 51,52 of water table.. ___ 71
loess........... .... 9,23,24,29,48,49-50; pi.2 fluctuations in water table caused by.. 79-80,82
water supply___ _.... 51,65 Transportation____ 22
Sand and gravel in Ogallala formation____ 15-16,
44-46,50 U
Sand Creek .________ ____ 11,13,70
Uplands.... . . .... - 8,9
Sand dunes. _ . . . 10,11,52
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.__ 3,5,6,110, 111, 129
Sand Hills formation. ___ _____ 52
U.S. Public Health Service...._...... 104, 108
Sandhill areas............_........._ 9,52,68,70
Sandhills ....................___.. 9,21,52,83
Sandy Creek... 3,4
Sawatch quartzite_ _ 25 Valley floor of Frenchman Creek 11,13
Sections, stratigraphic, Chadron formation... 34-35 Venango, Nebr__...... ~ 62, 69, 70
stratigraphic, generalized_________ 24 Volcanoes in Rocky Mountains.... 42
Ogallala formation__________ 40-41
Sedgwick County, Colo_____________ 3,9, W
11, 21,35,42,105,152-163,261-274,433-434,460. Waite, H. A., quoted .. ... . 72-73
Seepage, from canals, ditches, irrigation, and Washington County, Colo....__....... 3,
reservoirs... __________ 73, 76-77 8, 9, 11, 21, 106, 163-164, 274-349, 434-435, 460
from surface reservpirs and streams____ 70,71 Water, chemical quality, alluvium 53, 106-107
- '-_ _._.________ 83 chemical quality, Brule formation 40
Snowfall _____________ ............ ... 13 quality, on basis of boron content.. 110
See also Precipitation. on basis of percent sodium and specific
Soil. ._ . .__ 2, 15 conductance 109
Soil moisture_______________ 71,73,77,79 Water-bearing properties, stratigraphic units.. 24,
Soils... __... 21,52,68 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 49, 51, 52, 53
Southwest Electric Membership C orp____ 7,91 Water for irrigation, rating_-__ 109-110
Specific capacity of a well, defined______ 61 Water from public supplies for domestic use,
Specific conductance, defined_________ 101 suitability-__-_____- 108
472 INDEX
Page Wells-Continued Page

Water level in wells.... __________ 67 oil-test... .. 31,129
decline___________________ 79 pumped-.. ... 55-57,85,86,87,88,92-93,94
Water-level, measurements, in observation records..________________ 5,424-457
wells -_.. 55, 458-467 type... - . 85
in pumped wells_____________ 55 yield, alluvium ..____..__ 53
Water losses by evaporation from land areas.. 81-82 domestic and stock__________ 86
Water rights..._........................... 76 industrial-.. ._._......._ 86
Water table......__ 9, 32, 52, 62, 63, 65, 67-68; pi. 5 municipal- -------- r ..... 87
contour lines depicting configuration__ 34 Ogallala formation.._______ 49,86,87
64, 68, 69, 93, 95; pis. 2, 5, 6 Wenzel, L. K., quoted..............._.. 56,72-73
denned___________________ 66 White River group....._ 23,27,34,64,65; pi. 2,5,6
fluctuations... _____.._ 68,70-73,76,79,116 Brule formation.... . .. _ 34
shape and slope_____________ 34,68-70 character______________.. 33,36,39
Water-table conditions................. 54,58,61,67 distribution and thickness_____... 39
Water-table gradient.. ____________ 70
Water-table lakes........ ............. 9,11,52 water supply . 40
Wauneta, Nebr., grain mill, electric power_ 16 Chadron formation 34
precipitation..._____._.__ 13,14,19,20 character....... ... _ 34-38
weUs..................................... 87,88 distribution and thickness___ 36
Well-numbering system.. _________ 6-8 water supply. -. -. . 36
Wells, domestic and stock. ________. 85,86-87 Wray, Colo........... . 23,30
drilled.............. ......... 85,86
drillers' logs.. .._.............. 6,129-422
effect of pumping water... ...__ 78 Yield of a well, defined- 61
industrial.................. .._- 85,86,88
irrigation. 5,21,22,49,61,63,68,85,86,88-93,97-99 Yuma, Colo., precipitation..______ 14,16,20
municipal.__________________ 87-88 Yuma County, Colo_______..__ 3,
observation. .. . 5,56,68,85 8, 11, 21, 25, 31, 49, 52, 104, 106, 109, 164-169,
Ogallala formation... . ...... 49,86,87,88 350-363, 435-440, 460-461
Cardwell, William Douglas Edward, 1918-
Ground-water geology and pump irrigation in Frenchman
Creek basin above Palisade, Nebraska, by W. D. E. Cardwell
and Edward D. Jenkins; with a section on the chemical quality
of the water, by E. R. Jochens and R. A. Krieger. Washington,
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1962.
472 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables, and portfolio (maps, diagrs.)
24 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Water-supply paper 1577)
Bibliography: p. 123-128.
(Continued on next card)
Cardwell, William Douglas Edward, 1918-

Ground-water geology and pump irrigation in Frenchman
Creek basin above Palisade, Nebraska. 1962. (Card 2)
1. Water-supply Nebraska Frenchman Creek basin. 2. Water,
Underground Nebraska Frenchman Creek basin. 3. Irrigation
Nebraska Frenchman Creek basin. 4. Water Composition. I. Jen-
kins, Edward D 1916-, joint author. II. Jochens, Eugene R 1924-,
III. Krieger, Robert Albert, 1918-. (Series)

GW Geology FrenchmanCreek

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

GW Geology FrenchmanCreek

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Ground-Water Geology and

With a section on THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER

By E. R. JOCHENS and R. A. KRIEGER

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1577

Prepared as part of the program of the

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

Thomas B. Nolan, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

[Plates are in plate volume]

PLATE 1. Map showing areal geology of Frenchman Creek basin.

By W. D. E. CARDWELL and EDWARD D. JENKINS

It is replenished only by precipitation within the basin. Although

The report area (fig. 1) includes the drainage basins of Patent,

lems, have been previously studied by others. Reports on these

A network of 38 observation wells, established early in the investiga-

marks were established at or near many section corners. Logs of 30

FIGURE 2. Sketch showing well-numbering system.

tion Service at Imperial, Nebr., supplied many data. Drilling con-

In Colorado, the upland areas underlain by the Ogallala formation

Loess of the Sanborn formation underlies upland areas in the

The dune-sand areas are of two types, each characterized by a

PROFILE OF STREAM CHANNEL

INFLUENT STREAM EFFLUENT STREAM

SECTIONS ACROSS STREAM CHANNEL

FIGUEE 4. Diagram showing influent and effluent streams.

ods of high ground-water levels. Dunes of this type occur south

The valleys of the lower reaches of Frenchman, Sand, Spring,

channel ranges in width from about 5 to 30 feet. The valley is

The basin is semiarid, typified by little to moderate precipitation,

Ijeroy Holyoke Imperial Wauneta

Length of record vfiari 65 59 63 56

from about 17 inches in the western part of the basin to about 21

/7 / _ 17.56-7 ^- / - _, ' '

'/ p x / '/ // 7 // //^'t j /

!5 /x / / // // / / ' / ', // / / ''/f/ '/ /x

FIGURE 6. Annual precipitation at Holyoke, Colo.

Plate 4 is an isohyetal map showing the normal annual precipitation

during the year. Summer rains often come as thundershowers only

The mineral resource ranking third in economic importance in the

valleys. Sand and gravel is excavated from the Ogallala formation by

retarded by high grain prices during World War I, the general

Phillips County, Colo. Chase County, Nebr.

2,490 2,120 2,310 2,370 2,410 2,700 2,530 2,630 2,390

Drought has had a considerable influence on agricultural practices

FIGURE 10. Annual precipitation at Palisade, Nebr.

remained as tenants. Aided by the increase in the price of farm com-

Crop 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952

Irri- Irri- Irri- Irri- Irri-

Corn 25, 170 IKft

The population trend of the Frenchman Creek basin was influenced

Area, in square miles population

decrease in rural population since 1940 can be attributed principally

County 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950

Phillips _____ 2, 642 1,583 3, 179 5,499 5, 797 4,948 4,924

Precambrian rocks compose the core of the Front Range of the

presently is impossible, many geologists have attempted to decipher

truded by a succession of granitic batholiths and stocks and injected

The Paleozoic history of the Rocky Mountain region began with

deposited, mainly by streams, but probably in part under near-

The Rocky Mountains were uplifted repeatedly and eroded in

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS AND THEIR WATER-BEARING

brara formation and underlies unconformably the Ogallala formation

The Pierre shale is distributed widely throughout the Great Plains;

Total of section________--_-_----_-_--__________ 81. 0