Applied Mathematics E-Notes, 12(2012), 221-227 c ISSN 1607-2510

Available free at mirror sites of http://www.math.nthu.edu.tw/ amen/

Ul’yanov Type Inequalities For Moduli Of

Smoothness
Sadulla Jafarovy
Received 8 May 2012

Abstract
Let T denote the interval [ ; ]. In this work we investigate the inequality of
Ul’yanov type for moduli of smoothness of an integer order in the Lp (T ) ; p 1
spaces. In particular, we study (p; q) inequalities for moduli of smoothness of a
derivative of a function via the modulus of smoothness of the function itself.

1 Introduction
Let f be 2 -periodic and let f 2 Lp [0; 2 ] = Lp for p 1. Throughout this work, k kp
will denote the Lp -norm and will be de…ned by
8 91=p
< 1 Z2 =
p
kf kp = jf (x)j dx ; f 2 Lp ; 1 p < 1:
:2 ;
0

The modulus of smoothness ! k (f; )p of a function f 2 Lp ; 1 p 1, of fractional

order k > 0 are de…ned by
k
! k (f; )p = sup jhj hf (x) p
(1)

where
1
X
k k
hf (x) = ( 1) f (x + (k )h) ; k > 0:
=0

Note that, the following (p; q) inequalities between moduli of smoothness, nowadays
called Ul’yanov-type inequalities, are known:
0 11=q1
Z q1 du A
! k f (r) ; C@ u ! k+r (f; t)p ; (2)
q u
0

Mathematics Subject Classi…cations: 26D15, 41A25, 41A63, 42B15.

y Departmentof Mathematics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20017, Deni-
zli, Turkey; Mathematics and Mechanics Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 9,
B.Vahabzade St., Az-1141, Baku, Azerbaijan

221
222 Ul’yanov Type Inequalities for Moduli of Smoothness

where
1 1
r 2 N [ f0g ; 0 < p < q 1; = ;
p q
q if q < 1;
q1 =
1 if q = 1:
In the case r = 0; p 1 the inequality (2) was proved by Ul’yanov [15]. In other
cases, (p; q) estimates (the modulus of smoothness ! k (f; )p of an integer order, the
r-the derivative, r 2 N and the fractional derivative of order r > 0 of the function)
were obtained in references [3], [4], [14].
Note that the inequality between moduli of smoothness of various orders in di¤erent
metrics was investigated by [6].
We denote by En (f )p the best approximation of f 2 Lp (T ) by trigonometric poly-
nomials of degree not exceeding n, i.e.,

En (f )p := inf Tn 2 n
kf Tn kp ; n = 0; 1; 2; ::::;

where n denotes the class of trigonometric polynomials of degree at most n.

Let Wpr [0; 2 ] = Wpr ; (r = 1; 2; :::) be the linear space of functions for which f (r 1)
is absolutely continuous and f (r) 2 Lp (T ) ; p > 1. It becomes a Banach space with the
norm
kf kWpr := kf kp + f (r) :
p

Let f 2 Lp . For > 0, the K-functional is de…ned by

r
(r)
K ; f ; Lp ; Wp := inf kf kp + : 2 Wpr :
p

Let 1 < p < 1. We de…ne an operator on Lp (T ) by

Zh
1
( h g)(x) := g (x + t) dt; 0 < h < ; x 2 T:
2h
h

The k-modulus of smoothness k ( ; g)p ; (k = 1; 2; :::), of g 2 Lp (T ) is de…ned by

k
Y
k ( ; g)p := sup 0<hi < (I hi ) g ; > 0; (3)
1 i k i=1 Lp (T )

where I is the identity operator [1], [5], [7].

In the case of k = 0 we set k ( ; g)p := kgkLp (T ) and if k = 1 we write ( ; g)p :=
1 ( ; g)p .
It can be shown easily that the modulus of smoothness k ( ; g)p is a nondecreasing,
nonnegative, continuous function satisfying the conditions

lim !0 k ( ; g)p = 0 ;
S. Jafarov 223

k ( ; f + g)p k ( ; f )p + k ( ; g)p
for f; g 2 Lp (T ),
1
a0 (f ) X
f (f ) := + (ak (f ) cos kx + bk (f ) sin kx) (4)
2
k=1

is the Fourier series of the function f 2 L1 (T ):

The n-th partial sums and de La Vallée-Poussin sum of the series (4) are de…ned,
respectively, as
n
a0 (f ) X
Sn (x; f ) := + (ak (f ) cos kx + bk (f ) sin kx)
2
k=1

and
2n 1
1 X
Vn (f ) := Vn (x; f ) := S (x; f ) :
n =n

The following Lemma holds.

LEMMA 1. For f 2 Lp ; 1 p 1; and k = 1; 2; ::: we have

1 2k
c1 (p; k) k ;f n Vn(2k) (f; x) + kf (x) Vn (f; x)kp
n p p

1
c2 (p; k) k ;f :
n p

PROOF. Considering reference [7], the inequality

1 2k
k ; Tn c3 (p; k) n Tn(2k) (5)
n p p

holds, where Tn is a trigonometric polynomial of order n. Using the properties of

smoothness k ( ; f ) p [5 ], [7] and (5), we have
!
1 1
k ;f c4 (p; k) k ; Tn + kf Tn kp
n p n p

2k
c5 (p; k) n Tn(2k) + kf Tn kp :
p

By reference [7] the Jackson inequality

1
En (f )p c6 k ;f ; k = 1; 2; :::; (6)
n+1 p

holds, with a constant c6 > 0 independent of n.

224 Ul’yanov Type Inequalities for Moduli of Smoothness

1
Note that, to estimate k ;f from below we shall use the following inequality
n p
in [7]
2k 1
n Tn(2k) c7 (p; k) k ; Tn p : (7)
p n
Let Vn (f ) be de La Vallée-Poussin sum of the series (4).
We denote by Tn (x; f ) the best approximating polynomial of degree at most n to
f in Lp (T ). In this case, from the boundedness of Vn in Lp (T ) ; we obtain
kf Vn (f )kp kf (x) Tn (x; f )kp + kTn (x; f ) Vn (x; f )kp
c7 (p) En (f )p + kVn (x; Tn (x; f ) f (x))kp
c8 (p; k) En (f )p : (8)
Using (7) and (8) we reach
2k
n Vn(2k) (x; f ) + kf (x) Vn (x; f )kp
p
!
1
c9 (p; k) k ; Vn + En (f )p
n p
!
1 1
c10 (p; k) k ;f + k ;f Vn
n p n p

1
c11 (p; k) k ;f :
n p

Thus the proof of Lemma 1 is completed.

In this work we study (p; q)-inequalities of Ul’yanov type for the modulus of smooth-
ness k f (r) ; p ; k = 1; 2; :::, r = 1; 2; ::: de…ned in the form (3). To prove we use the
method of the proof given in the study [14].
Main result in the present work is the following theorem.
1 1
THEOREM 1. Let f 2 Lp ; 1 < p < q < 1; = . Then for any k = 1; 2; :::,
p q
r = 1; 2; ::: the following estimate holds:
0 11=q
Z q du
k ; f (r) C@ u ( +r) r+k (u; f )p A : (9)
q u
0

2 Proof of the Main Result

According to reference [7] for 1 < q < 1 the following equivalence holds:
1 (r) 1 (r)
k ;f K ; f ; Lq (T ) ; Wq2k (T )
2n q 2n
(2k)
= inf f (r) +2 2nk
: 2 Wq2k (T ) : (10)
q q
S. Jafarov 225

If Vn is the de La Vallée-Poussin sum of the function f using Lemma 1 we get

1 (r) (2k)
K ; f ; Lq (T ) ; Wq2k f (r) V2n f (r) +2 2nk
V2n := I1 + I2 : (11)
2n q q

Taking account of (8) we have

kf Vn (f )kp c12 En (f )p : (12)

Considering [16] and [4], the following (p; q)-inequality holds:

l 1
!q
(r) (r)
X (r) (r)
q
m q
(V2l ) (V2n ) c13 2 (V2m+1 ) (V2m ) : (13)
q p
m=n

Using the Bernstein-type inequality [7], [9], [14] we obtain

(r) (r)
V2m+1 V2m c14 2mr kV2m+1 V2m kp : (14)
p

Taking into account the relations (13), (14) and Jackson inequality [6] we have

I1 = f (r) V2n f (r)

q
1
X
c15 2m q 2mqr E2qm (f )
m=n
1
!1=q
X 1
q
m q mqr
c16 2 2 k+r ;f
m=n
2m p
0 n
11=q
Z
2
q
B ( +r) du C
c17 @ u k+r (u; f )p A : (15)
u
0

On the order hand, for 1 2 the following equivalence holds:

k ( 1 ; f )p k ( 2 ; f )p : (16)

It is known that for trigonometric polynomials of degree n the following Nikol’skii

inequality holds [4], [8], [10] :

1 1
kTn kq c18 n p q kTn kp ; 0<p q 1: (17)
226 Ul’yanov Type Inequalities for Moduli of Smoothness

Use of inequality (17) gives us

(r)
nk (k)
I2 = 2 V2n
q
nk n (k+r)
c19 2 2 V2n
p
1
c20 2n 2nr k+r ;f
2n p
0 n
11=q
Z
2
q
B r du C
c21 @ u u k+r (u; f )p A
u
0
0 n
11=q
Z
2
q
B ( +r) du C
= c21 @ u k+r (f; u)p A : (18)
u
0

Using (10), (11), (15) and (18), we have (9).

Acknowledgment. The author wishes to express deep gratitude to the referee for
valuable suggestions.

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