Chapter 3 study questions

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1. the 2 major exclusive digestive function of a. absorption 10. antibiotics reduce bacterial levels in the gut. b. a
the digestive system are digestion and of nutrient This is problem,
a. absorption of nutrients a. beneficial to the colon, get an Rx eat yogurt
b. metabolism of nutrients b. a problem, eat yogurt
2. absorbed nutrients pass into the: c. both 11. _______ are protein molecules that accelerate c.
a. cardiovascular system the rate of chemical reactions. enzymes
b. lymphatic system a. Hormones
c. both b. Chylomicrons
c. Enzymes
3. The absorption of nutrients by simple c. a
d. Buffers
diffusion requires: concentration
a. a carrier molecule. gradient 12. a ball of chewed food mixed with saliva in the b. false
b. energy. esophagus is called chyme
c. a concentration gradient. a. true
d. all of these choices are correct. b. false
4. the absorptive surface of the small intestine c. microvilli 13. the body's defense against foreign substances a. antigens
is increased by the presence of: include all of the following except:
a. gastric pits a. antigens
b. a lymph vessel (lacteal) b. phagocytes
c. microvilli c. lymphocytes
d. antibodies
5. The absorptive surface of the small intestine b. microvilli
is increased by the presence of: 14. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: b. mouth
a. sphincters. a. stomach with rennin. with
b. microvilli. b. mouth with salivary amylase. salivary
c. enterocytes. c. small intestine with lactase. amylase
d. gastric pits. d. mouth with lingual lipase.
6. Active Transport requires energy and a a. true 15. carbohydrate digestion begins in the: b. mouth
carrier molecule to move nutrients from a a. stomach with rennin with
lower to a higher concentration. b. mouth with salivary amylase salivary
a. true c. small intestine with lactase amylase
b. False d. none of the above
7. Activity in the digestive tract begins in a. cephalic 16. The carrier molecule provides a ____ for the c. channel
response to the sight and smell of food. This nutrient to cross the cell membrane.
is referred to as the _________ response. a. fluid
a. cephalic b. protein
b. gastric c. channel
c. intestinal d. carbohydrate
d. cognitive
17. The chemical breakdown of glucose to produce a.
8. After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in b. liver; energy is an example of: catabolism
the intestine, they are carried to the hepatic a. catabolism.
__________ via the ___________. portal vein b. anabolism.
a. kidneys; capillaries c. digestion.
b. liver; hepatic portal vein d. excretion.
c. gall bladder; bile duct
18. a chronic condition in which acidic stomach b. GERD
d. pancreas; lacteals
contents leak back ip into eh esophagus
9. amino acids, simple sugars, and water d. hepatic causing pain and damaging the esophagus is
soluble products that are absorbed into portal called:
capillaries are part of what system? circulation a. an ulcer
a. lymphatic b. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
b. gastrointestinal c. gallstones
c. thoracic duct d. esophageal hernia
d. hepatic portal circulation
19. A chronic condition in which acidic b. 26. A diseased gallbladder can interfere with: d. fat
stomach contents leak back up into the gastroesophageal a. chyme formation. digestion
esophagus causing pain and damaging reflux b. the ability to chew.
the esophagus is called: c. the ability to regulate blood glucose
a. an ulcer. levels.
b. gastroesophageal reflux disease. d. fat digestion.
c. gallstones.
27. During ________________, the digestive system a. infancy
d. irritable bowel syndrome.
can absorb whole intact proteins.
20. Chyme is neutralized in the small d. pancreas a. infancy
intestine by secretions from the: b. aging adulthood
a. gallbladder. c. adulthood
b. kidneys. d. childhood
c. liver.
28. The end-products of carbohydrate d. urea
d. pancreas.
catabolism includes all of the following
21. Coordinated muscular contractions that d. peristalsis EXCEPT:
move food through the GI tract are a. water.
called: b. carbon dioxide.
a. segmentation. c. energy (ATP).
b. muscular syncopation. d. urea.
c. gastroesophageal sphincterization.
29. enteral feeding methods provide all b. false
d. peristalsis.
needed nutrients directly into the
22. The correct sequence of the c. atoms, circulatory system
organization of life from atoms to molecules, cells a. true
organisms is: and tissues b. false
a. molecules, atoms, cells, and tissues
30. food always moves forward int eh small b. false
b. atoms, cells, molecules, and tissues
intestine due to peristalsis
c. atoms, molecules, cells, and tissues
a. true
d. cells, atoms and molecules
b. false
23. the cytoplasm is the cellular organelle b. false
31. The formation of chyme occurs in which d. stomach
responsible for generating energy in
part of the GI tract?
the form of ATP for cellular activities
a. Small intestine
a. true
b. Large intestine
b. false
c. Gallbladder
24. digestie system changes such as a. aging d. Stomach
swallowing difficulty, decreased taste,
32. The function of sphincters in the digestive b. to regulate
tooth decay, atrophy, gastritis, and
tract is: the flow of
constipation are associated with what
a. to coordinate muscular contractions that food
life stage
propel food forward.
a. aging
b. to regulate the flow of food.
b. infancy
c. to control the release of bile.
c. pregnancy
d. to regulate enzymatic reactions.
d. adolescence
33. Gastrointestinal function is regulated by: d. hormones
25. The digestive tract begins at the d. mouth; anus
a. hormones and nerve
_________ and ends at the _________.
b. external stimuli signals
a. esophagus; small intestine
c. nerve signals
b. mouth; transverse colon
d. hormones and nerve signals
c. esophageal sphincter; pylorus
d. mouth; anus
34. "Heartburn" is typically:
a. caused by acidic stomach
contents leaking back
through the
gastroesophageal sphincter.
b. more common in men and
those who are underweight.
c. caused when the stomach
bulges through the
diaphragm.
d. all of the choices are true.
35. heartburn occurs when:
a. the cardiovascular system
is in distress
b. stomach acid leaks into the
esophagus
c. gastrointestinal enzymes
work overtime
d. small meals are eaten.
36. The hepatic portal circulation
carries nutrients from the
small intestine to the:
a. brain.
b. kidneys.
c. stomach.
d. liver.
37. The hormone gastrin is
released in response to:
a. the presence of food in the
stomach.
b. contraction of the
gastroesophageal sphincter.
c. relaxation of the anal
sphincter.
d. the presence of the
bacteria Helicobacter pylori
in the stomach.
38. how are waste products
eliminated from the body?
a. oxygen is transported to
the lungs by red blood cells
b. glucose is lost through the
skin in perspiration or sweat
c. the liver excretes water,
minerals, and metabolic
waste products
d. unabsorbed substances
are excreted from the GI tract
in feces.
a. caused by acidic stomach
contents leaking back
through the
gastroesophageal sphincter
b. stomach acid leaks into
the esophagus
d. liver
40.
a. the presence of food in
the stomach
41.
d. unabsorbed substances
are excreted from the GI
tract in feces
42.
39. How does the absorption of a d. fat-soluble molecules
water-soluble molecule differ such as fatty acids use
from that of a fat-soluble simple diffusion whereas
molecule? water-soluble molecules
a. Water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis
require additional lipoprotein
carriers.
b. Fat-soluble molecules such
as fatty acids utilize facilitated
diffusion whereas water-
soluble molecules utilize
osmosis.
c. If the molecules are the
same size, then there is no
difference in the absorption
process.
d. Fat-soluble molecules such
as fatty acids use simple
diffusion whereas water-
soluble molecules utilize
osmosis.
immune activity in the GI tract c. acid in the stomach
includes: killing most bacteria
a. lymphocytes acting as
antigens
b. red blood cells acting as
phagocytes
c. acid in the stomach killing
most bacteria.
d. food allergies, indicating a
lack of immune response
In order for triglycerides to be b. be absorbed by the
delivered to the body, they lymphatic system.
must:
a. enter the hepatic portal
circulation.
b. be absorbed by the
lymphatic system.
c. be directly released into the
bloodstream.
d. require increased water
consumption.
In order to facilitate the a. segmentation
movement of chyme through
the small intestine the body
utilizes:
a. segmentation.
b. lacteals and microvilli.
c. enzymatic activity.
d. reverse peristalsis
43. The internal lining of the d. mucosa 52. Metabolic reactions that build b. anabolic
gastrointestinal tract is the: molecules and body structures are
a. submucosa. referred to as:
b. serosa. a. catabolic.
c. muscularis. b. anabolic.
d. mucosa. c. hydrolytic.
d. deamination reactions.
44. intestinal microflora: d. all of these
a. can cause gas statements are true. 53. The most common cause of ulcers c. a bacterial infection
b. are permanent, beneficial residents is:
of the GI tract a. chronic use of the pain reliever
c. synthesize small amounts of fatty Tylenol.
acids, some B vitamins, and vitamin K b. eating large amounts of acidic
d. all of these statements are true. foods such as peppers and
tomatoes.
45. in the organization of life, cells form c. tissues
c. a bacterial infection.
which of the following?
d. stress.
a. molecules
b. organs 54. The most important roles of the b. absorption
c. tissues digestive system include digestion
d. atoms and:
a. metabolism.
46. Into what region of the intestinal tract d. duodenum
b. absorption.
does the stomach empty?
c. circulation.
a. ileum
d. excretion.
b. jejunum
c. pylorus 55. The movement of food through the a. the endocrine and
d. duodenum digestive tract is regulated by: nervous system
a. the endocrine and nervous
47. in what organ is bile stored? d. gallbladder
systems.
a. liver
b. the lymphatic and muscular
b. pancreas
systems.
c. stomach
c. the respiratory and urinary
d. gallbladder
systems.
48. The liver acts as a gatekeeper a. true d. the cardiovascular system.
between substances absorbed by the
56. Muscular waves in the stomach mix a. gastric juices
intestine and the rest of the body.
and churn the contents of a meal
a. True
with:
b. False
a. gastric juices
49. the liver acts as a gatekeeper a. true b. pancreatic juice
between water-soluble substances c. sodium bicarbonate
absorbed from the intestine and the d. bile
rest of the body
57. Nutrients enter the bloodstream b. false
a. true
only through hepatic portal
b, false
circulation
50. the lymphatic system absorbs: b. fat soluble a. true
a. all nutrients nutrients too large b. false
b. fat soluble nutrients too large to be to be absorbed into
58. the pancreas: a. secretes a variety of
absorbed into the portal vein the portal vein
a. secreta a variety of digestive digestive enzymes and
c. no nutrients
enzymes and bicarbonate bicarbonate
d. none
b. secretes bile
51. The majority of digestion and a. small intestine c. helps primarily in fat digestion;
absorption occurs in the : very little with protein and
a. small intestine carbohydrate digestion
b. large intestine d. isn't really involved in the
digestive process
59. Pancreas secretions contain
digestive enzymes and:
a. bicarbonate ions.
b. bile.
c. cholecystokinin (CCK).
d. chyme.
60. The pharynx is a cavity shared
by the digestive tract and the:
a. urinary tract.
b. respiratory tract.
c. pancreatic duct.
d. common bile duct.
61. prebiotics are:
a. fermentable fibers that feed
the bacteria in the large
intestine
b. applied to wounds to aid
healing
62. a primary function of large
intestine is to:
a. prepare unabsorbed food
residue for excretion
b. provide a surface for
nutrient absorption
63. a primary function of the large
intestine is to absorb:
a. water
b. fiber
64. The primary function of the
large intestine is to:
a. prepare and store
unabsorbed food residue for
excretion.
b. absorb digested nutrients.
c. neutralize chyme.
d. all of these choices are
correct.
65. The primary site of nutrient
absorption is the:
a. liver.
b. large intestine.
c. stomach.
d. small intestine.
66. Probiotics are:
a. an example of total
parenteral nutrition.
b. substances that promote the
growth of beneficial intestinal
bacteria.
c. are used to prevent bacterial
overgrowth in the stomach.
d. beneficial bacteria added to
foods.
a. bicarbonate ions 67. the reactions that break down carbohydrates, a. true
fats, and proteins in the presence of oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in
the form of ATP are called cellular respiration
a. true
b. false
b. respiratory tract 68. The release of bile and pancreatic enzymes a. secretin
into the small intestine is controlled by: and CCK
a. secretin and CCK.
b. stimulation of stretch receptors in the
stomach.
c. gastrin.
d. salivary amylase.
a. fermentable fibers the
feed the bacteria in the 69. The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme d. pyloric
large intesinte from the stomach into the small intestine is the
__________ sphincter.
a. gastroesophageal
b. celiac
c. anal
a. prepare unabsorbed
d. pyloric
food residue for excretion
70. Stomach emptying is affected by all of the b. the time
following EXCEPT: of day the
a. the nutrient composition of a meal. meal is
b. the time of day the meal is consumed. consumed
c. the meal consistency (liquid versus solid).
a. water
d. emotional states (sadness, anger, stress).
71. The stomach wall is protected from the acidity b. a viscous
of the gastric juice by: mucus
a. the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. layer
a. prepare and store
b. a viscous mucus layer.
unabsorbed food residue
c. the action of gastrin.
for excretion
d. pancreatic secretions.
72. The sum of the chemical reactions that occur c.
inside body cells is collectively referred to as: metabolism
a. digestion.
b. absorption.
c. metabolism.
d. hydrolysis.
d. small intestine
73. There are four main ways that nutrients are a.
absorbed. They are simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
______and active transport diffusion
a. facilitated diffusion
b. non-facilitated diffusion
c. digestion
d. beneficial bacteria
d. all answer choices are correct
added to foods
74. the thin capillary walls allow the exchange of a. true
gases and nutrients between blood and cells
a. true
b. false
75. Transit time is the rate at which food: a. moves 84. what is the name of the process that c. active transport
a. moves through the digestive tract. through transports substances across a cell
b. is swallowed. the membrane with eh aid of a carrier
c. is absorbed into the blood. digestive and energy expenditure?
d. is broken down into chyme. tract a. passive diffusion
b. simple diffusion
76. The urinary and respiratory systems help the b.
c. active transport
body to remove: metabolic
d. osmosis.
a. unabsorbed food residue. waste
b. metabolic waste products. products 85. What is the role of the endocrine c. it secretes
c. excess calories. system? chemical messengers
d. all of these choices are correct. a. It sends nerve signals to help that help regulate
control the passage of food through food intake and
77. water, most metabolic waste products, and c. kidneys
the digestive tract. absorption
most excess minerals are eliminated from the
b. It excretes unabsorbed substances
body through which route?
into the feces.
a. feces
c. It secretes chemical messengers
b. exhaled air
that help regulate food intake and
c. kidneys
absorption.
d. lungs and skin
d. It allows for the elimination of
78. what does the term "intestinal mucosa" refer ... metabolic wastes.
to?
86. What is the role of the endocrine c. it secretes
79. What enzyme prevents bacterial growth in the b. system? chemical messengers
mouth? lysozyme a. it sends nerve signals to help that help regulate
a. Amylase control the passage of food through food intake and
b. Lysozyme the digestive tract. absorption
c. Bacteriocidase b. it excretes unabsorbed substances
d. Lipase into the feces.
80. what has been found to be the primary cause H.pylori c. it secretes chemical messengers
of ulcers? bacteria that help regulate food intake and
a. H. pylori bacteria absorption.
b. E.coli bacteria d. it allows for the elimination of
metabolic wastes.
81. what is the correct sequence from simplest to a. atoms,
most complex? molecules, 87. what term best describes the c. digestion
a. atoms, molecules, tissues, organs tissues, process of breaking food into
b. molecules, tissues, atoms, organs organs components small enough to be
c. tissues, atoms, molecules, organs absorbed into he body?
d. organs, tissues, atoms, molecules a. absorption
b. transit time
82. what is the name given to the small intestine c. villi
c. digestion
multicellular protrusions that participate int he
d. peristalsis
digestion and absorption of nutrients?
a. microvilli 88. When the gastroesophageal b. is prevented form
b. brush order sphincter contracts, food: reentering the
c. villi a. flows from the esophagus into the esophagus from the
d. lacteal stomach. stomach
b. is prevented from reentering the
83. what is the name given to the vessels that a. lacteal
esophagus from the stomach.
carry fat particles from the intestine to the
c. leaves the stomach and enters the
rest of the body?
small intestine.
a. lacteal
d. is eliminated from the body
b. capillary
through the anus.
c. artery
d. vein
89. Which action of the heart represents c. increased blood 96. Which of the following c. small intestine
its importance in helping to maintain flow to the intestines digestive organs is lined with
nutritional health and well-being? following a large fingerlike projections called
a. Decreased blood flow to the meal. villi?
stomach and small intestines a. Esophagus
following ingestion of a large meal b. Stomach
b. Decreased amount of blood flow c. Small intestine
to the heart during the resting state d. Large intestine
to conserve energy
97. which of the following is an a. eating yogurt containing
c. Increased blood flow to the
example of probiotic therapy? live bacteria
intestines following a large meal
a. eating yogurt containing live
d. Increased blood flow to the
bacteria
muscles during the resting state to
b. taking an antibiotic to clear
maintain energy
up an infection
90. which blood vessels lie close to the ...
98. Which of the following is NOT d. kidney
intestinal cells?
an accessory organ of the
91. which mechanism requires no energy c. simple diffusion digestive system?
to move solutes down their a. Liver
concentration gradient? b. Pancreas
a. osmosis c. Salivary glands
b. facilitated diffusion d. Kidney
c. simple diffusion
99. Which of the following is true most carbohydrates are
d. active transport
about digestion? broken down into sugars
92. Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into a. fat a. sugars eaten are eliminated
the lymphatic system before entering in the feces.
the blood? b. proteins are broken down
a. Fat into sugars
b. Water c. most carbohydrates are
c. Water-soluble vitamins broken down into sugars
d. Glucose d. fiber found in fruits is
broken down into sugars
93. which of the following accessory d. all of the above
organs releases its secretions into 100. which of the following is true d. compared with proteins
the GI tract? about the rate of stomach and starch, fat remains in
a. gallbladder emptying? the stomach the longest.
b. pancreas a. larger meals leave the
c. salivary glands stomach after than smaller
d. all of the above meals
b. a mostly liquid meal stays int
94. Which of the following accessory d. all of these are
eh stomach longer than a solid
organs releases its secretions into correct
meal
the GI tract?
c. protein leaves the stomach
a. Gallbladder
faster than any other nutrient
b. Pancreas
d. compared with proteins and
c. Salivary glands
starch, fat remains in the
d. All of these are correct
stomach the longest.
95. which of the following are included in d. pituitary, adrenal,
the endocrine system? thyroid, pancreas
a. brain, spinal cord
b. lymph, white blood cells
c. kidneys, testes, ovaries
d. pituitary, adrenal, thyroid,
pancreas
101. Which of the following meals is likely a. cheeseburger, 106. Which of the following a. colon
to stay in the stomach the longest? small French fires, structures is located past
a. Cheeseburger, small French fries, small soft drink, (beyond) the ileocecal valve?
small soft drink, ice cream ice cream a. Colon
b. Grilled chicken breast, mashed b. Common bile duct
potato with butter, green beans, skim c. Stomach
milk d. Pharynx
c. Tuna sandwich on whole wheat,
107. which one of the following a. a high-carbohydrate meal
pickle, ice tea
meals will leave out of the
d. Rice Krispies, skim milk, blueberries,
stomach the quickest?
coffee
a. a high-carbohydrate meal
102. which of the following provide dietary b. carbohydrates, b. a high-protein meal
fuel to produce ATP? proteins, fats c. a high-fat meal
a. fats, carbohydrates, minerals d. a high-calorie meal
b. carbohydrates, proteins, fats
108. Which one of the following a. in the presence of
c. fats, carbohydrates, vitamins
statements describes cellular oxygen, nutrients are
d. vitamins, fats, minerals
respiration? broken down to form
103. Which of the following provides an a. carbon dioxide a. in the prescience of carbon dioxide, water, and
accurate description of how metabolic is released oxygen, nutrients are broken ATP
waste products can be eliminated from through down to form carbon dioxide,
the body? respiration water, and ATP.
a. Carbon dioxide is released through b. the metabolic pathway uses
respiration. the energy from ATP to form
b. Absorbed waste products are smaller molecules.
eliminated in feces. c. oxygen produced by the
c. Protein molecules are eliminated by cells is transported to the
the glomerulus. lungs where it is eliminated in
d. Water elimination is controlled the exhaled air.
primarily by the respiratory system. d. glucose is passed down a
chain of molecules to form
104. which of the following statements is d. they accelerate
carbon dioxide, water, and
true about enzymes? the rate of
ATP.
a. they cause muscles to contract and chemical
propel the food through the digestive reactions 109. Which one of the following b. the basic structural and
tract. statements describes the functional unit of plant and
b. they lubricate, moisten, and protect cell? animal life.
cells from harsh environments. a. the smallest unit of an
c. they are changed during the element that still retains the
chemical reactions. properties of that element.
d. they accelerate the rate of chemical b. the basic structural and
reactions functional unit of plant and
animal life.
105. Which of the following statements is c. excess amino
c. formed from two or more
true about metabolism? acids can be
atoms of the same element
a. glycogen is used a regulatory stored as body fat
bonded together.
molecule.
d. structural units are made
b. fatty acids can be used to make
from only organic molecules
glucose.
c. excess amino acids can be stored as
body fat.
d. amino acids are stored in the liver as
glycogen.
110. which one of the following a. the hepatic portal vein 115. which statement is true about the b. the liver and pancreas
statements is true about the transports blood from the digestive tract? are NOT accessory
cardiovascular system? GI tract to the liver a. it include the stomach and the organs
a. the hepatic portal vein pancreas
transports blood from the GI b. the liver and the pancreas are
tract to the liver. NOT accessory organs.
b. arteries transport blog and c. food in the lumen is outside the
dissolved substances toward body cells.
the heart. d. undigested food enters the
c. capillaries branch to form liver
arterioles to nourish the heart.
116. Which structure prevents d. epiglottis
d. the products of
swallowed food from entering the
carbohydrate digestion are
trachea?
taken into the lacteals of the
a. Tongue
lymphatic system.
b. Pharynx
111. which on of the following is a. catabolic pathways result c. Esophageal sphincter
true about metabolic int eh production of d. Epiglottis
pathways? adenosine triphosphate
117. you have a tendency to get a. eat small meals
a. catabolic pathways result in
heartburn.Which is the best thing
the production of adenosine
to do?
triphosphate
a. eat small meals
b. coenzymes are not
b. lie down until the pain goes
important in metabolism
away
c. adenosine triphosphate
contains low energy chemical
bonds.
d. anabolic pathways result in
the breakdown of substances.
112. Which organ filters metabolic a. kidneys
waste products out of the
blood?
a. Kidneys
b. Small intestine
c. Pancreas
d. Spleen
113. which organ is the gatekeeper a. liver
for absorbed water soluble
nutrients?
a. liver
b. brain
114. Which statement about b. Dr. B.J. Marshall
Helicobacter pylori is true? developed gastric
a. These microorganisms are inflammation after he drank
killed by the low pH of the a culture of H.pylori
stomach secretions.
b. Dr. B. J. Marshall developed
gastric inflammation after he
drank a culture of H. pylori.
c. H. pylori causes irritable
bowel syndrome.
d. H. pylori only causes ulcers
if the stomach is already
inflamed from stress.