MEEES 2017-2018

Master in Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology

Reinforced Concrete Structures –

Homework 2
Felipe Alarcón

Lecturer: Boyan Mihaylov

TA: Gabriele Guerrini
1) Hand calculation at mid span
For the mid span section of the beam (𝐿 = 14.4 𝑚) hand calculation are provided at the end of the document
2) Analysis of all the section
Analyzing all the section of the beam (and not only the mid span). It can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2 the beam
shape and the variation of MEd and MEqp.
By applying Step 5 of Handout #3 it is possible to find P from equation
𝑃 𝑃 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝐸𝑞𝑝
𝜎𝑐𝑏 = − − + ≤ 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 Eq.(1)
𝐴 𝑆𝑏 𝑆𝑏
𝑃 ≈ 0.6 ∗ 𝑓𝑝𝑘 ∗ 𝐴𝑃 Eq.(2)

The required 𝐴𝑝 is plotted in Figure 3. The maximum required pre-stressed steel is equal to 1323𝑚𝑚2 . It will be
employ 10 steel T15 (140𝑚𝑚2 ) that gives a total area of 1400𝑚𝑚2 . The selected 𝐴𝑝 is plotted in Figure 3.

It can be seen in Figure 3 that the maximum required steel is not located at mid span. The maximum values are
located ≈ 0.15𝐿 from the mid span. This means 10𝑚 and 18.8𝑚.
For the calculation of the reinforcement steel, it is applied Step 6 of Handout #3. From it 𝐴𝑠 can be find
0.9𝑓𝑝𝑘 𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝑀𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑀𝑅𝑑 ≈ 0.9𝑑 ( 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐴 ) Eq.(3)
𝛾𝑠 𝛾𝑠 𝑠
The required 𝐴𝑠 is plotted in Figure 4. The maximum required pre-stressed steel is equal to 1202𝑚𝑚2 . It will be
employ 10 bars of 𝜙12 (113𝑚𝑚2 ) that gives a total area of 1130𝑚𝑚2 . The selected 𝐴𝑠 is plotted in Figure 4
The tension verification is done in two steps
a) Early Age
The tensions are verified at early age of the beam. The 𝑅𝑡 = 0.6𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 18.9𝑀𝑃𝑎 and the 𝑅𝑡 = 1.9𝑀𝑃𝑎.
The tension in the beam are calculated with the following equations
𝑃 𝑃 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑊
𝜎𝑐𝑏 = − − + Eq.(4)
𝐴 𝑆𝑏 𝑆𝑏
𝑃 𝑃 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝑊
𝜎𝑐𝑡 = − + − Eq.(5)
𝐴 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝑡
The results are plotted in Figure 5 and Figure 6. It can be seen in Figure 6 that the values in the extremes
are higher than 𝑅𝑡 , this condition is ok because the section must be analyzed since 50𝜙 of the edge.
b) Quasi Permanent Condition
The tensions are verified quasi permanent condition. The 𝑅𝑡 = 0.45𝑓𝑐 = 22.5𝑀𝑃𝑎 and the
𝑅𝑡 = 4.1𝑀𝑃𝑎 (from Handout #1). The tension in the beam are calculated with the following equations
𝑃 𝑃 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝐸𝑞𝑝
𝜎𝑐𝑏 = − − + Eq.(6)
𝐴 𝑆𝑏 𝑆𝑏
𝑃 𝑃 ∗ 𝑒 𝑀𝐸𝑞𝑝
𝜎𝑐𝑡 = − + − Eq.(7)
𝐴 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝑡
The results are plotted in Figure 7 and Figure 8. For this case, it is also analyzed the Kern. It can be seen
in Figure 9 that the eccentricity of the tendons "𝑒" is between 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
As final steps, the 𝑀𝑅𝑑 of the beam is calculated with the following equation.
𝜆𝑥 𝜆𝑥 Eq.(8)
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = 𝑓𝑝𝑦𝑑 𝐴𝑝 (𝑑𝑝 − ) + 𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑𝑠 − )
2 2
Figure 10 plots the capacity if the beam 𝑀𝑅𝑑 versus 𝑀𝐸𝑑 .
For the ductility of the design, it is verified that 𝑀𝑅𝑑 ≤ 1.2𝑀𝑐𝑟 . 𝑀𝑐𝑟 is calculated as follows
𝑆𝑏 Eq.(9)
𝑀𝑅𝑑 = 𝑆𝑏 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑡 + 𝑃 ( + 𝑒)
𝐴
Figure 11 plots the capacity if the beam 𝑀𝑅𝑑 versus 𝑀𝑐𝑟 . Figure 12 displays the verification that 𝜀𝑝 ≥ 𝑓𝑝𝑦𝑘 /𝐸𝑝 .

For the distribution inside of the beam, the following are considered for the distance between bars

Bar Spacing
daggregate= 10 mm
2s= 24 mm
2p= 30.4 mm
Figure 13 displays the required steel and it distribution in the beam.
 Figure 1 - Beam Shape

Figure 2 – Moment MEd and MEqp in kN*m

Figure 3 – Required Tendons

Figure 4 – Required Steel

 Figure 5 - Tension condition for cb<Rc
cb=-P/Atotal-P*e/Sb+MW/Sb, with P=0.7*fpk*Ap, Rc =0.6*fck and Rt = fctm

Figure 6 - Tension condition for cb<Rt

ct=-P/Atotal+P*e/Sb+MW/Sb, P=0.7*fpk*Ap, Rc =0.6*fck and Rt = fctm
 Figure 7 - Tension condition for cb<Rc
cb=-P/Atotal-P*e/Sb+MEqp/Sb, P=0.6*fpk*Ap and Rc = 0.45*fc

Figure 8 - Tension condition for cb<Rt

ct=-P/Atotal+P*e/Sb+MEqp/Sb, P=0.6*fpk*Ap and Rt = fctm
Figure 9 – Kern
 Figure 10 - MRd>MEd

Figure 11 - MRd>1.2Mcr
 Figure 12 - p>fpyk/Ep

Figure 13 - Reinforcement Steel and Post-Stress Tendons Scheme