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472 Chapter 15 Torsion 1, Sections located ata distance less than d from the face of support may be designed forthe torque at.a distance d. Should, however, a concentrated torque be present within this distance, the critical design section will be at the face ofthe support (ACT 1.5.24). 2, The design yield strength of torsion reinforcing for nouprestressed members may not be greater than 60,000 psi. The purpose of this meximum value is to limit the width of diagonal cracks (ACT 11.534), ‘The longitudinal tension created by torsion moments is partly ‘offset in the flexural ‘compression zones of members. In these-zones the computed area of longitudinal torsional reinforcing may be reduced by an amount equal to Mu/0.9df, according to ACI Section 11.539. Inthis expression, Mis the fectored moment sting atthe section in combination with 7,, The reinforcing provided, however, may not be less than the minimum values required in ACI Sections 11.5.5.3 and 11.5.62. 4, The longitudinal reinforcing must be distributed around the inside perimeter ofthe closed stirrups and must be spaced no farther apart than 12 in, Atleast one bar must be placed in cach comer of the stirrups to provide anchorage for the stinup legs. These barshave tobe | #8 or larger in size and they mnst have diameters no less than 0.042 times the sticrap spacings (ACI 11.5.6.2). ‘5. Torsional reinforcing must be provided fora distance no less than by-+- beyond the point ‘whore itis theoretically no longer required, ‘The term by represents the width ofthat partof ——'} the member cross section which contains the closed torsional straps (ACI 1.5.63) | 3, 15.9 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS USING U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS Jn this section the design of torsional reinforcing for a beam is presented using U.S. customary units; an example using SI units is presented in the next section, EXAMPLE 15.1 Design the torsional reinforcing needed forthe beam shown in Figur 15.13 if = 4000 ps, f= 60,000 psi, y= 30 ft, and Vy = OD. Assume 1.5 in. clear cover, #4 sirops, and a required A, for My of 3.52 in Select #8 bars fr Nexural reinforcing, Nocmal-weight concrete is specified. SOLUTION 1. Is torsion reinforcing needed? Agy = areacnclosed by outside perimeter of concrete ross section = (16)(26) = 416in? (the eter ¢ stands for concrete, and the latter p stands for perimeter of cross section) eq = outside perimeter ofthe exes section = (2)(16-+26) = sin. ‘Tocsion T, ean be neglected if less than ay = (015)(1.0 4000) (5) u = 97,723 ib = 97.72 ink < 30 x 12 = 360in. ‘Torsion einforing isroquied 159. Example Problems Using U.S. Customary Units 473 Now, eed yn tom * ek otstemp . cones edge a twos. of | ober edge t ie igure 15.13 24. Compute sectional eozerts ‘ay = se eos cs ote nto clase ips oi 5 ine cover and image m= 16 = (054025) = 12550 s eiisras}wase) je Figuee 15.13 a Aga = (12.5)(22.5) =281.25 in? ‘Ay = grass tea enclosed by shea flow patt 185A from ACT Sestion 1.5.3.6 (085)(281.25) = 239.06%n2 d= effective depth of beam 1.00 =26~ 150-050-458. 23.50in, eee eee (len +9) = (2)(12.5-+22.5) 3, Is the concrete section sufficiently large to support the torsion? Ye=noninl shar srt of eonoesscecion = DhyfFlbyud = (2)(1.0)( 4000) (16)(23.50) = 47,5611b Appin ACK qeton 8 We)", (Ts) < 4 (¥e Gia) + Gi) <#(Ra ve) (ERR) + (ERY carl ava) 16x 73.56) *\17 28128, F6x 23.55 M6 pe < 474 pt Section sufficiently large 4, Determine the transverse torsional reinforeing rt n_ 0 = prs 7A 4800005 a4 Chapter 15 ‘Torsion “Assuming 6 = 45° as per ACE Section 11.5.3.6( t 480,000 laf cot ~ (2)(239-06)(60,000)(6a845°) = 0.0167 in*in. for one leg of stizups 5. Caleulate the avea of shear reinforcing required voto > !9n= (J ornensa) raise Shear reinforcing is required — oe _ 60.900 (015)(40)(47561) ; a 32,439 Ib Applying ACL Equation 11-35 Ay_ Vi 32,839) Fed (RVI) = 0.0230 in2fn. for? eps of stip 6, Seloet stirrups ‘Total web reinforcing required for 2tegs 0.0564 nin. for 24s (2)(0.0187) + 0.0230 Using #8 tics 2029) — 1990.0. ay Tin ous"? Sovtin. Moniroum allowable spacing of sirups ‘ Pr_70_ is HP. say8.15in or Bin Minimom aea of stimups Ay by ACI Bqution 11-23 aay be < Ste ONO) (18a) 2 = 075/400 NC? 0.089 in << (2)(0.20) = 0.40%, ox from ACI Section 11.5.6.1, Ay 424, = 009338 7. Selection of longitudinal torsion reinforcing ‘Additional longitudinal reinforcing required foe toss 00, = (0.0167)(70) xin? 60,000, 1 i 15.10 S{Bquations and Bxample Problem 475 cloned 2a ts @7" W 74 igure 15.14 Reinforcing selected fr beam of Fxample 15.1 4 ae arn Vl (*)n & (ACI Equation 11-24) Ac _25be 0316) [rithanin = 202 = GES — oon : _(SYBDY|H18) 0000 : : CANES _coorsnro( Sete) ; : =1.02in? < L.17in? oK "This additonal longitudinal steel is epread out into three layers to the four inside comers ofthe stinups ‘and vertically in between, vith a spacing notin excess of 12 in, Assume ace-ticd in top = 1.17/3 = 0.39 in, 0.39 43.52 = 3.91 in? in bottom, and remsinder 0.39 é in? in between, a : he middle, and five #8 2) ashe boulom. as shown jn Figure 15.14, 18.10 SI EQUATIONS AND EXAMPLE PROBLEM ‘The SI equations necessary forthe design of reinforced concrete members Which ate different fiom those needed for siilar designs using U.S. customary units are listed here, and theic use is illustrated in Example 15.2 L ‘Torsional moments can be neglected if i Te

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