Destiny Coleman

Shannon Branfield

WRD111-017

February 27, 2018

Annotated Bibliography Draft

Dukes, Kristin Nicole and Barsamian Kahn, Kimberly. “What Social Science Research Says about

Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Understanding the Antecedents and

Consequences- An Introduction.” Journal of Social Issues, vol. 73, no. 4, Dec. 2017, pp. 690-700.

EBSCOhost, doi: 10. 1111/josi.12242.

In this article, the authors focus on how the mistreatment, physical violence, and mental

mistreatment of police officers towards different ethnic and racial groups are an issue and what

measures need to be taken to reduce this issue. To continue their article and focus, the authors use

social classes that experience this type of violence, factors that play a role in police violence

towards these minority groups, and the long-term effects of this violence. The conclusion of their

article insures that police brutality has an unequal treatment among White, Black, and Latino

suspects. Their conclusion also tells how police brutality is a social justice issue among different

races.

Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, et al. “How Suspect Race Affects Police Use of Force in an

Interaction over Time.” Law & Human Behavior (American Psychological Association), vol. 41,

no. 2, Apr. 2017, pp. 117-126. EBSCOhost, doi: 10. 1037/lhb0000218.

In this study, the researcher studies what happens during confrontations with police officers and

the suspects at hand. She also tests whether the suspects’ race affects how much force is used in

the confrontation, if any at all. To carry out her study, Kahn uses various case files, coding (such
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as suspect resistance, officer actions, and suspect actions) and a sequence of events for her methods.

The results of her study show that suspects of color received more force by police officers than

suspects not of color throughout the sequence of events. However, in some cases suspects not of

color did receive a higher use of force by police officers when they caused a threat to the police or

someone around, while the confrontation was taking place.

Kerstetter, Wayne A., et al. “The impact of Race on the investigation of Excessive Force

Allegations against Police.” Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 24, no. 1, 1996, pp. 1-15. EBSCOhost,

doi: 10.1016/0047-2352(95)00048-8.

In this study, the researcher studies whether police misconduct and the complaints of the

misconduct has any connections with race. To test this study the researcher uses variables

(evidence and duty status) to help establish the social psychology, the complaints of police

brutality, and any investigation of those complaints in the study as part of their method. The results

of the study show that the complaints made by either a Caucasian American or an African

American had the least chance of making a definite or negative judgement if the complaint was

about someone of the same race. The results also show the impact of stereotypes and how they

play a role socially.

Myers, Carly A. “Police Violence against People with Mental Disabilities: The immutable Duty

under the ADA to Reasonably Accommodate during Arrest.” Vanderbilt Law Review 70, no.

6, Nov 2017, pp. 1393-1426. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.uky.edu/login?

url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=126502638&site=ehost-

live&scope=site.

In this article, the author focuses on how policeman do not take the proper procedures when dealing

with someone with a mental disability and how they can discriminate against someone with this
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type of disability. To put her article together and to go further into her topic, the author uses three

sections as her explanation. She uses The ADA titles, the context and approach of the arrest, and

she uses logical and ethical solutions when making arrest. Her article concludes that people with

a mental disability are more likely to experience excessive force by police officers than any other

individual suspect.

Reinka, Mora A. and Collin, Wayne Leach. “Race and Reaction: Divergent Views of Police

Violence and Protest against.” Journal of Social Issues, vol. 73, no.4, Dec. 2017, pp. 768-788.

EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/josi.12247.

In this study, researchers focus on how African Americans recognize the use of police violence

and the cause of riots because of the violence, other than Whites. The researchers also focus on

how African Americans see the riots more positively than Caucasians. To test their study, the

researchers analyze black and white participants to better understand why they have different

views on police violence and protests. The authors also use images of different protest and

responses of the participants when they see the images. The results of their study show that black

participants were more thorough with their responses on the images, where white participants were

a little short. When it came to the comments the black participants showed that they were more

engaged and in touch with the image while the white participants were subtler with their response.

Roiphe, Rebecca. “The Duty to Charge in Police Use of Excessive Force Cases.” Cleveland State

Law Review, vol. 65, no. 4, Oct. 2017, pp. 503-517. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.uky.edu/login?

url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=124548750&site=ehost-

live&scope=site.

In this article, the author focuses on the incarceration issue, racial imbalances, and wrongful

convictions that are unequal and unfair. The author also focuses on policemen’s use of excessive
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force on African Americans who are unarmed. To further go into her study, she uses prosecution

discretion to go into detail about the issues and how the justice system goes about what happens

inside the court room. Her article concludes that the criminal justice system will make it their duty

to investigate on policeman’s use of excessive force but make it less of their duty to charge the

crimes of excessive force equally and with fairness.