A SINGLE PHASE SMART ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM USING

LABVIEW
1
SAKSHI SINGHAL, 2AMIT GIRI, 3SHRUTI SRIVASTAVA
1,2,3
Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida (U.P.),India
E-mail: 1sakshi.singhal0991@gmail.com, 2eramitgiri89@gmail.com, 3hrutisrivastava4695@gmail.com

Abstract— Nowadays, electricity is the fundamental source for the people but they are using electricity without any proper
management. If people make a plan for saving electricity then they can save the maximum amount of energy using a smart
energy meter. Therefore, the main aim of this project is to save the energy as much we can use microcontroller, MCP 3905,
LabVIEW. Using this technology, we can calculate the proper amount of energy that we are using in our homes and we can
also calculate that how much energy has been left. Moreover, that smart meter specially design for the smart home where
energy meter will display that, if we switch off that area for some time then we can save that amount of energy per hour and
it will also let us know that, this room is using that amount of power per hour. This technology is very useful for all
electricity distribution companies, private electrical sector and especially for a smart home. Finally, this is the best solution
for energy saving, measuring and analysis of the electricity in the home.

Keywords—Energy, MCP 3905, Microcontroller, Labview.

I. INTRODUCTION

The power is the fundamental source of the world and

it is related to the electricity. So, this is our moral
duty to save the electricity as much we can, therefore,
a normal energy meter has been introduced to
measure the amount of electric energy which is
consumed by the resistance. In the past, technology
was not well developed; therefore, people were used
analogue energy meter which was just used to
measure the electricity. Therefore, people were not
able to calculate the electricity such as, how much
energy has been left and where to use.

Nowadays, technology has revolutionized the concept

of the energy meter and a smart energy meter has
been introduced using MCP 3905.According to
Benzi.et.all (2011) the smart energy meter has an
advanced metering technology involving placing
intelligent meter to read, process and feedback the
data to the consumer such a meter called smart
energy meter [4] [5].
The smart energy meter is the new generation of
electricity meter and it offers a range of intelligent
functions such as it measures the energy consumption
in a particular area in the home and it will let us know
that, if we switch off this area for an hour, so, we can
save that amount of energy per hour. Moreover, the
smart metering is also an important step towards
modernizing the energy industry and improving the
customer services and it should help ensure that our
energy is more affordable.
II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of microcontroller based single
phase energy monitoring system. Figure1.
Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Energy Monitoring System
In this project 9 volts transformer for continuous
power supply is used as AC mains. Using rectifier
and voltage regulator LM7805e a 5 volt DC power
supply of 1 Amp maximum current is obtained.
The LM7805 takes unregulated DC power supply
(anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin,
the negative lead to the Common pin is connected
and then when the power is ON, 5 volt supply at
Output pin.
The supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc
supply to the peripherals. The 230 V ac is converted
into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a bridge
rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples. This is
then filtered by electrolytic capacitors used across the
rectifier output. LM7805 regulator is employed to
obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output. This is a digital
IC used as a regulator for regulating the output.
LM7805 provides a constant 5V dc supply as output.
For this it needs at least 8V dc as input.

Proceedings of 31st IRF International Conference, 5th July 2015, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-85465-48-2
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 A Single Phase Smart Energy Monitoring System Using Labview
Fig. 2. Block Diagram of Supply
III. HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE
PHASE ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM.
Fig. 3. Circuit diagram of supply
The components of the monitoring system are as
follows:
A. MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52:
The AT89S52 [1] [2] is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K
bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density
non-volatile memory technology and is compatible
with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and
pin out 9843. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-
The Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller,
which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective
solution to many, embedded control applications. The
AT89S52 [3] provides the following standard
features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32
I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three
16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the
AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation
down to zero frequency and supports two software
selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops
the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,
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serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM
con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other
chip functions until the next interrupt.
B. TRANSFORMER:
A transformer consists of two coils also called as
“WINDINGS” namely PRIMARY & SECONDARY.
They are linked together through inductively coupled
electrical conductors also called as CORE. A
changing current in the primary causes a change in
the Magnetic Field in the core & this in turn induces
an alternating voltage in the secondary coil. If load is
applied to the secondary then an alternating current
will flow through the load. If we consider an ideal
condition then all the energy from the primary circuit
will be transferred to the secondary circuit through
the magnetic field.
PPrimary = SSecondary (1)
So IPVP = ISVS (2)
The secondary voltage of the transformer depends on
the number of turns in the Primary as well as in the
secondary.
VS/VP = NS/NP (3)
C. RECTIFIER:
A rectifier is a device that converts an AC signal into
DC signal. For rectification purpose we use a diode, a
diode is a device that allows current to pass only in
one direction i.e. when the anode of the diode is
positive with respect to the cathode also called as
forward biased condition & blocks current in the
reversed biased condition.
D. FILTER CAPACITOR:
Even though half wave & full wave rectifier give DC
output, none of them provides a constant output
voltage. For this we require to smoothen the
waveform received from the rectifier. This can be
done by using a capacitor at the output of the rectifier
this capacitor is also called as “FILTER
CAPACITOR” or “SMOOTHING CAPACITOR” or
“RESERVOIR CAPACITOR”. Even after using this
capacitor a small amount of ripple will remain.
We place the Filter Capacitor at the output of the
rectifier the capacitor will charge to the peak voltage
during each half cycle then will discharge its stored
energy slowly through the load while the rectified
voltage drops to zero, thus trying to keep the voltage
as constant as possible.
If we go on increasing the value of the filter capacitor
then the Ripple will decrease. But then the costing
will increase. The value of the Filter capacitor
depends on the current consumed by the circuit, the
frequency of the waveform & the accepted ripple.
C =VR F/I (4)
 A Single Phase Smart Energy Monitoring System Using Labview
Where,
VR = accepted ripple voltage. (should not be more
than 10% of the voltage)
I= current consumed by the circuit in Amperes.
F= frequency of the waveform. A half wave rectifier
has only one peak in one cycle so F=25 Hz
Whereas a full wave rectifier has Two peaks in one
cycle so F=100 Hz.
E. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
A Voltage regulator is a device which converts
varying input voltage into a constant regulated output
voltage. Voltage regulator can be of two types
1) Linear Voltage Regulator
It is also called as Resistive Voltage regulator
because they dissipate excessive voltage resistively as
heat.
2) Switching Regulators.
They regulate the output voltage by switching the
Current ON/OFF very rapidly. Since their output is
either ON or OFF it dissipates very low power thus
achieving higher efficiency as compared to linear
voltage regulators. But they are more complex &
generate high noise due to their switching action. For
low level of output power switching regulators tend
to be costly but for higher output wattage they are
much cheaper than linear regulators.
F. IC 7805
7805 is an integrated three-terminal positive fixed
linear voltage regulator. It supports an input voltage
of 10 volts to 35 volts and output voltage of 5 volts. It
has a current rating of 1 amp although lower current
models are available. Its output voltage is fixed at
5.0V. The 7805 also has a built-in current limiter as a
safety feature. 7805 is manufactured by many
companies, including National Semiconductors and
Fairchild Semiconductors.
The 7805 will automatically reduce output current if
it gets too hot. The last two digits represent the
voltage; for instance, the 7812 is a 12-volt regulator.
The 78xx series of regulators is designed to work in
complement with the 79xx series of negative voltage
regulators in systems that provide both positive and
negative regulated voltages, since the 78xx series
can't regulate negative voltages in such a system.
G. RS-232 LEVEL CONVERTER
Standard serial interfacing of microcontroller
(TTL) with PC or any RS232C Standard device,
requires TTL to RS232 Level converter. A MAX232
[2] is used for this purpose. It provides 2-channel
RS232C port and requires external 10uF capacitors.
IV. HARDWARE WORKING
In this project A.C. power source and energy meter
MCP 3905 are used. Also microcontroller 8085 is
displayed on LabVIEW with some loads.
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The 9 volts DC supply is given to the target 8051
microcontroller board. It is an 8 bit microcontroller
having 40 pin IC, 11.0592 Mega Hz crystals. It is the
heart of the circuit for the controller to generate the
clock pulses in internal CPU. Port 0 of board is
connected to 16*2 LCD display. (Character LCD
display and RX, TX pins are connected to input of a
max 232 IC level convertor voltage level stabilization
purpose. RS232 cable is used and it is connected to
the LabVIEW via computer. Using virtual
environment of LabVIEW the voltage and current are
calculated.
So, from block diagram 9600 bps baud rate is taken.
10 character voltage & current reads the data .That
will be display in read buffer indicator in the front
panel of LabVIEW. Read buffer will read that value
and write that value. On the front panel of LabVIEW
respective values of the current and voltage is
displayed.
Hardware part- individual loads are given.
The differential loads are taken like 60, 100, 40, 20,
and 10 (WATTS). When 60 watts are given, some
current will be drawn and increasing the current
means 100 W + 60 W = 160 W. so voltage will be
drop and current will increase, If the voltage will
increase (loads) more current will be drawn.
Using energy meter MCP 3905, read that value and
updated current and voltage will be displayed on the
energy meter. A.C. input and loads will be connected
to the energy meter. How much voltage and current
are drawn from the energy meter, energy meter
convert giving the ADC, the output voltage in the
form of volts.
And the output will be displayed on the LCD. And it
the current and voltage value that will be send to the
LabVIEW.
Opto-couplers circuit board is used. The switch
button 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for each load.
These opto-couplers are to switch from D.C. to A.C.,
means that when input is given the load will be ON.
So these are the track circuit to operate the A.C.
outputs. For outputs, accurate voltage and current are
measured.
Suppose some difference is there, means it should be
20% or 30% differ. So it will display the current and
display the voltage, how much it is drawing.
So voltage and current same as on LCD display and
same as on LabVIEW
Fig. 4. System Hardware
 A Single Phase Smart Energy Monitoring System Using Labview
V. SOFTWARE
Software used is LabVIEW for analyzing and the
software user for programming r to code the hardware
is KEIL.
LABVIEW is software which provides virtual
existence of hardware, reduce it cost and hence
termed as a virtual instrumentation.
It is software provided by the National
Instrumentation (NI).
A. LabVIEW
LabVIEW (short for Laboratory
Instrumentation
Fig 5. Front Panel in LabVIEW
Fig 6. Block Diagram in labVIEW
Engineering Workbench) is a system design platform
and development environment for a visual
programming language from National Instruments.
B. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTS(VI):
LabVIEW programs are called virtual instruments, or
VIs, because their appearance and operation imitate
physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and
multimeters. Every VI uses functions that manipulate
input from the user interface or other sources and
display that information or move it to other files or
Proceedings of 31st IRF International Conference, 5th July 2015, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-85465-48-2
other computer. A VI contains the following three
components:
• Front panel—Serves as the user interface.
• Block diagram—contains the graphical source code
that defines the functionality of the VI.
• Icon and connector pane—identifies the interface to
the VI so that you can use the VI in another VI. A VI
within another VI is called a sub VI. A sub VI
corresponds to a subroutine in text-based
programming languages.
The programming language used in LabVIEW, also
referred to as G, is a dataflow programming language.
Virtual Execution is determined by the structure of a
graphical block diagram (the LV-source code) on
which the programmer connects different function-
nodes by drawing wires. These wires propagate
variables and any node can execute as soon as all its
input data become available. Since this might be the
case for multiple nodes simultaneously, G is
inherently capable of parallel execution. Multi-
processing and multi-threading hardware is
automatically exploited by the built-in scheduler,
which multiplexes multiple OS threads over the
nodes ready for execution.
CONCLUSION
Every one work really hard to earn the money and
therefore when they are able to save few bucks on
essentials it surely delights them. You can use an
idea; rather call an instrument that can help you to
save little money month after month on your
electricity bills. This is energy monitoring system
using LabVIEW that help you to check how much
electricity you
consume per month and the estimated cost for using
this service .the home energy saver kit also help you
to identify the loopholes from where you get over
burdened with electricity bills.
It helps to find out the phantom load of electricity in
your house. Sometimes some electrical appliances are
not used, but as it has been connected to power
supply it was the electricity and that is an additional
burden in electricity bills.
FUTURE SCOPE
This project can be expanded in the following
directions.
1. The Electronic meter can be replaced with a
prepaid meter.
2. Remote recharging can be implemented
through Zigbee, Bluetooth or wireless
network.
3. The protection against the power theft and
energy meter tampering can incorporate in
this project.
4. A mini printer can be interfaced to get a
printed bill or details of billing.
5. Software can be modified to view the
balance on request.
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 A Single Phase Smart Energy Monitoring System Using Labview

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J.L.F., Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
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Conference, 1998. IMTC/98. Conference Proceedings.
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“www.futurlec.com/ATMega_Technical.shtml
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Microcontroller Based Single Phase Digital Prepaid
Energy Meter for Improved Metering and Billing System ,

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