Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy Edited by Fathi Habashi Volume I: The Metal Industry Ferrous Metals ® WILEY-VCH ‘Wein Ciceser-Now Yor Trt Besbane- SingaporeSSEMETR arpa se neers aie Suctomebea nt ara Preface Pasi me nc ft ‘cls iced dante een ance ‘otha en tered intl so fais cesta Seer Sega dye ey eer nt Sachets Selita Rinne eter ore Shrratenae Seems Shonen a oe te Sear Sree at fon caiiare mens ‘ne pe ty aecumaeresze ae iSeeeveaeene en ‘Th ht ype at eo Syren se soocheny: Tee ae ‘Mitte sts ini ones me Sil denon faa ‘ata dg gh rng Sieg iste Chemt Eee “ot foe yom 28 apr teal ean pone Thane ASU ete Handa toed tt "Th ool pa ino sop teste nts nw ‘Scie ef nna Chery eno ‘Ste Ste Sew ww ‘ec Pec ee Inearecoaa ‘hc when peptoa stance "Tae lweng ey Ato cei, eine, Kam, bo ‘ete ccs beer ey bie ‘Svan ad nt ei a hy {Sethe eae no am re P (Ses) ete plan a be ‘Sena em ble Bie chip canine wie 0 Inc si at apa [pc campuniefweves te ao ‘Septet ae coneety secied top tod ne he mer nos fara ety of fen Those ey ‘es, ee oon fevescomponis nis aes se ‘oe, 1 Besna fliniaon ofr imenape ‘Shs ieee alo of ma oc ‘eet wo Anaer emt eed ‘iter epic Sethe get amit of cake i be ‘eens he mtu “Cac on Cee ipl nde ne ca ea Tin gto olin Vel Vag sesh foresee open o Peri Ran So weJe Fals Mai t Laval ives for ‘rexel prc Rees alienate czy wok fe png sage ‘Soa ef mean cei ceil or (ssi gyi inl ee ‘eon Ene ey ct ‘Sy co ae i an al ann een ‘ech ei ninth chiens [ees el cel seis ‘tom oer done tat ese od fortocaretve enti Table of Contents Volume Pat Refractory Metals Part One ‘The Meat dustry SOE Teen oD 1 etek Citas, 8 Noli as 3 fevelageriy 38 3 Rebates TSU 2 aa os Part Two. errows Metals 3 Rete ve Sm 2 é fen 2 Part Bigh Sane Met regs 0a 3dr Yoheme 56 ee it Part Primary Metals 3a snes i Tee 8 Core o 39 Tbs 20200 16 aoe Gh) PartNine Radioactive Metals ite a praeen ass Part Fur Secondary Metals 2 Ree 1 Aes © Pa Ton tareBarth Meals 1s Gx *o 32 a 17 Mery. a1 “we 18 Got ma seme 17 Por Five Light Metals ‘Siberian. oss Pat erroaloy Meas Ser IE Hen Mckenna 2 Ain ian {8 Mme 2 aon ie Site it 3 bene se ume It Part ‘Alkali Metals, Part Si Precious Metals Twehe 3 ttm 20m Brow us 3 Soe a3 Sher hs 52 Powe a 23 Pinay 3 foe RhPart One Part statin art Mets ‘The Metal Industry Treen ‘Seen Aators ass sei Name Inder... 25 ue nesta Sbjct de... 29 ve ea et 7 we] se| x [ze welaol te [te] | re |ag|ca i | Sn 8 te c/n tat) ta] w [neon] te [|u| He] | oo esol [nf z z No Ps [a ow cr] ol] |1_ The Economic Classification of Metals 11 tate, 12, Ramat 1B Wi ace 8 ieee 11 Introduction Seer pe care he Tea on oes {acum berrenidnrceaoe Saesmcieaen Geeeeeaas See Enitasnante 1.2. Ferrous Metals opment ene Ge) i ne nes eon. Tete 1 sows pal ia of Sem t's ot nat 1 hates ‘ 1a St Sea ee on resale by Bowing xj tt pode! Ime th ol ions ones he tpn eng o Contre! Stl This esd fore ‘muacure of mache pyar Fig lene ype, Teer aria nt, ks ‘cof andeomsar ea became ‘at The mana proper faye teem he an he fon ‘ice, Cham an ikl wee mt ingen a ae “ool Se Ti itd fr mato ‘os te ae cide ter, ‘ier er (7-129 0, cima, Ihapae,alo, oe bngite dey set ange ley sae lo make (hima cs td yore ‘Sch us wd ee adeSeay Se, Ti ine Seite aso sate icc ant Salo ch ‘Seen hog ay tae Ear conor Slt ee oat firacy Ser mye sagen, sorte eet ee 1.22 Weowght fon tout caw ne iy sala ere tgs Soscecne mes eee Soe, Some bees Seed wicca Rrernoceardtaneath ance See tecateec cc ‘Stakes nema costa ‘he tnd tie Wig an MyStar ee wee he ‘Shea ny 1 ymca (Bhs oc ot arte Se ee at cee clas tome rete Sagas Gime Ouse 5 Eic'ade tabesee mcs Svannemttleepie oe Serene SS emeeawane oie ShEens taaeaneres Silorbe tk wise sa et po rier ote 123 Cast ons os in i si of etn loys ti i SE See Sian nuttin eer ma nite tot dying cements Te oon tian ‘nis ppees {my Cast en, Fey akg ‘at gor gp, Te ow olay a idl comct vn be nan Seton ttn se ence {aed byl power dnp whasons and by ice pute: Bob ponerse tt ‘Siu al ord comet of hie (Spy cing yma es rate ad come a 10-Chn hmener, orgies nd lintel nee eae [Whe Cart trom. Prd yin ie eds top Af fenton (Suche ee awed fo mahiog pig ‘ily es, a wc, bt my Wad DMatebie Catton Ppa fom white aon by emg fr sev, Bp fen of oe ore SESE Ia ee ont sock an Iams ete ee ence eres Se ee Se mabe ee ‘Seow meng pce poo iy to love ont eng of up yd Seg hgh eins ssa ie pina cran ee Fo pace te Shas Sean tom Cn fae ed fom ay et oe by inrdacing Slant of mages Gi fom of» ‘Sesctce loy cng 30-30% ‘yrenan ino heme eo ein te lade sy tere caning Tito et tin he enmpestionofoaton ita be 124 Paretron inc sy ei be mg il ‘ove the magnon dnp aoe ieonoysen deter en ow peronet ‘Seat For hi snl or ohr ‘ion ef yeh py pope {em he pepenion fgh ty oe Sof sss ie Paprton ef pa ho tu pons at ue se ‘hte nd eameeropenons 13. Nonferrous Metals “he feo mal vidio me epee ean ecunece (12). ‘Turcostoain s wtivry sor one nt te te pcdnwo rg, ian Sots pt eety met ee ‘huh sated tod) eo, ty pin he eter, seen, main riccy ie ming ee ich tals ‘ent a be te ely ro ‘reson so! wom na tte ‘prestige 131 Primary Meta ion ite ot wie wa elt ‘sk potatoe sh en rise. From be epmng af te Nie ‘en Ce erp ol ah ‘int ar eoye tice ‘nied seen tot ied ‘var proper asc ct ot ed Is mer king Ta ee eon ‘tee setae fava 8 pny ede rate Sealy Raitehinee garam se epee eee torent Mice AMER Dace, Sera ltt ee ened Se cga Tins in mete om eed emmy Pantego oe = ee ee Minne, Sopa open leet eaeew dovove Bceaue coesence dewey) a, ope higher re ew omdttag Sort aog er olga tg etn at ts, fabri eae prt eee iii tal endo eon oe ‘Set mnt fr soahce coma ‘itr eooonduve pr bed ey 5 paw mt se ms of pee (est de tn oper Hoven pe ‘peice of staal open ‘=Elins ted epee aber ‘Sea much eee lay of hem be peptone 0 can The cee hep canny be shaped and mctine an ‘hy fet eaenste meso a chee peel an aig, apg {nimiary cagmrtng rote an lay af re wi 8 3 at and ce Sianeli can mec ‘i oer torre cumin Si ict a8 5590 aa ‘Satephiom¢ 239 Mawes once ‘ah son fede state eng ‘leben emer ein tet enon of rings Coppers oye ( S590 Ry a Geman er 5034 Ns 14S in re pure st te 1 amsine eta They wd to make sca nee, te send Fee ble writ nl 158 ‘ton was moved sso ney aa ‘Shavcesntaieive ger ‘ou teas nickel as songs, bade, = ie sai erent I ‘otey eerie es nese re etl ow, Netlog ‘ioe eal for ntl pons ‘Soper td ere i SSS ny. Nell sa eure ‘Seung eco a So fee opr thm eo tee ‘kt sepa du apleonnany chm pone Mare tm bof ica commana ie cue of econ alan Cu ‘Bhilai dade Sia comma cme vp 8 md ‘ih sof omen ma eer met ‘eid wednesday, ‘cio mote of ate a Cn is snc ge ey nn oes ed per ieee crccviaetomiconee ae EE va Scenes oe (S02 the tad ferns ft pee ti SEAR ae aaa, fearenoes Seco anor ee eeares Sr eet i ie lint ube sierere Sees reer oer nay Lea's male oll este? ‘ong fer srs See ere Sema trad ene wl eS aaa Eeecrcmeetiagerscas seperti Soa Seater Siang pe so aeahes shat Zee Seeecey anes RES aac we py I Als an tim lo ‘icetason fad cee te ‘Set eaguceing sary Hoy, ‘ey pty epee the an colder Mere a oe cats meme te pape ‘ing (gen) is emty ‘har hn ating rel ig A ‘tear! ee pn ie. Stora toy, nde oe sey ‘nner Geman ern (i loys per cone ned of (ten nt ltets nbn ‘oan sumo (19) sper C6 nna (09-005) etl com own a ert ro 2 ‘Sin eng, i 182 Secondary Metals _Ege ees mee i SS sinc nd tinal Too ae ‘Say pe ae pmay mei reteset oa ‘oat analy Csi). ‘om in eecropning med lying. Coca, Seceenars gee Serene eam cee cams sipinssteeeeim eee cpanel ie mirtematesn SSoly a in hcg als: Newale ‘tons pa secre, ma ele Pub ccna 09 om — eee q ore $ aly ul fhe recovery ald ee Fo ese itn nes ‘i ee ed lid te ro wd i Scns Te cur hag Stor toy are moe fica t HE iki Mey aod in del ‘ting Seve trem be ‘oan ar ny wa lv anh fr ‘inal apcaons Noumea tts ‘So een ide mate ota ‘Seis poonss gid betas ten farce Avni Aseniss gears tonne ‘nel aay te every fe py ‘Ser Ixapotnds eed era eee ‘Seaampioe meee frm ny 3 ‘tte aa ol lw soe ‘emo ran a fem (age no a tn for thor such ames ‘ale Sgepany ape webct ‘Clee ie rd ei esting dey, td fm Ate ce “Annoy Asin iy id as a iopn cuca ad {Bhsge bry ad tying came sean eel i ls ami coamel pata, ota wie plat, ‘defn ra mma my lene ‘hte fein alloys ph (GSC) we we aed for mabe ey us 4133. Light Metals Tos el. ania, mage ‘ool danced Het wat ‘nih sine yw ale ‘Shasefcomrcn ate) They mere ‘ite was andi pepe ‘etn Kown ke malic te aay Berti. Boy ew eensie neta el eal nd spend es te (i an meu wel a apr x nee ocr le is faia Gp pwae! metry iis ec hut Pin to ep oe eg Sees Shin now al eh ‘eb Caen fe foo, in fmf yan cppr lors (Citing su 9B) rer a fetal ong 10% ed {Ey onde ne for ad Seder reso boeatoe of Saw ee ‘Teg alow ore oon so: Ar {iby th ages prey igor ‘agenesis mek lay pe ay ed gt endian ‘te ye ti oa ee Sno oe aoe Ralciacrray oe Saree Setar ass Sao Spezia Sei neracnr Seater Se ie eacseseen ‘Teng esp Toy it we Seeheorennin S[Sciar ath saree im aoa ston so yn ba os er at ‘RYO, wi tc ta are ne {ha the ise tng cod ‘ym tan The i neyo ‘el crs th Gem of ros en te {ied uoy Toe forma i fo {cing ods Ahan por ‘Si of onum ne oaa r pre ‘Boel tobe uel we ait oe, see the casa til Sane appr finan ae ‘aot st 0 of he eet Bre ‘Sram we ed tse, aed Soci Ste tse = ne re Soni ‘loys with damian, co, an mange sagt ae eae ce ae Saee iss ee Eoueriore rs Saeco i secrete ieee ieemaanen ae Ea as “den ast cos Tan Sd‘ourago‘€ fay tn sins ‘Ss ale are rac tet za in Te z So Ae pt of wots pl py ‘Stay inert com a ‘Dos feof php ealad ize tnt orc “cree nna secant -Becares tna Hep eteemerare i bchind 30 ton set doors te va “Sesser «Se coe ge ct See pataiinss Tosh Der te sateamey tt Sra Suese sing 238 abet eons orion ‘See due opm 239 0 nub decision poem 8 Beier tuotere 7 1 Bee nian 239 ide 24 10 sen pes aan ‘Shin recon. Thus croc ie {ites poder io ter fo Unde ‘ria colton is posable pee ie ‘Sci mts fe ei oe SSkteescinonr sien reaor Rao in tee 2 i te bs me omer res ‘Stam Crate dae cla) tt‘Same many mam oe ee ‘Smyrna ora eno ‘Steed emda pes wie ura ‘are Kaen rt cere ‘Be oa ide waren ae Sete et ger sees oth 138 RereBarths sche bee sini honed popatan ‘ce ‘recaps ot ‘se gout pometun, was one See ie nen nt {Bie fon poss of erm Tots Eee ter i ain fae modned wih toe me ue ‘hse mote we ty wey aed inte adie ‘tan te nha ree ge tombe fb rm Thy amon re fps and ab ocr ek “he mma comune i spat 3000 an Ty we fig a = Sones ys me ret east onan taco ir itt fe he pmsl em ay, 9 Sipe yee ga pn de ‘tlie ansncce ef pear re ‘See te airenand peer SS "Hose of sournsinon eet cement ‘tay oar opin, cp. he poe Moree cent crea ge or tte source betes Ser oes, edn pais, sti ge, Sicha 139 Feersioy Metals in oop of meal og of io ‘nam mings sen nf boon Toy ‘Ses sot sna cy on Sera io dy epee ‘di a Boo ete tn oo (Soe bird tre sao el oa 1340 Alkali Metae ‘tdi att fr tale Saad ‘phy eve snl not we ete (pin yang eet ‘im sola ara reac oem cab sene Scoala o Cha ha oust sean arcs “ae mami eas of he sal als zemii fod ote gis a ‘mh ay tobe nd meine he Iter of be yep, fan ds bot ing wood by lacing wih wat, wile pou. ‘ta temic wat rome ay esa artuming ete One Brationive "ns SMI oon Beopase 4131 Alkaline Bath Metals ‘sith sed pp of he Pes Te. tule in iota eo (etiam ser) at [Eve dine rocioe fo cle ime on 90 whch enw "Kin escm hye Tae to ‘Sentes beyua snd magia se ‘Schlipetmial pope td eng Ti ‘Selah ee Ta et mem 2eaAtnebeging voy in ‘Sis were ised for tenting eames for ‘any psp mach dai OF te ‘ig te cacao ‘ore sume a» long ab Cum’ pms” CaCOs” Cnet), {C4 0 pum. CaO Ce see cane ot oe {Bot two ae wily dw cl fo fhe prams of Ey wee costed lente Mayan iti lsum in oming re Aeon mani, som wd a is oud ltl ames ‘ita wae Dende Sng etl tod elng te sd ‘Smee eri eof isd 14 References > Recurrent eases ae2_Metal Production 22 Probeinn ates oe 2 The Logarithmic Law ‘Th aly «gt ee in Ethos tened poplin nde inion taco flows aw are 21 Sar} econ wie weaned encbem, tbetd he nd ae the ih mtg ‘ctintime Sr ropctiey nd! Si imation co met otutin ‘Stott oui bw seme smu poten fue ‘rpltion pow ite 29) whch fincas bell fam never ew nicaon “tot 211 Growth Rate The cout 10, which ste dope ot serves on Pugs a aig Fem Unported te geothrae te Sfeap noe ep io w 10 tie yee rotten reel ty Joc ey ody pod enced ‘The pow i forme ae ae ‘ona eel nw ne ‘rea be olfmous Forse The pow eiel ishigh f t ern Tre ti a al ‘Sade el cse ed ct fo ‘Shertogesmenl fornnal t Pitahantewinsatseseig pas ‘SSilumsg wey eter set, ‘Ther ining ceo win a nla eed er tose ‘ome oqpme The goth of sui i bihr an ge Te tome gn ‘fs mutind a att ‘phew comsen Alina ewe Ep tmp ater ed War ak ‘Stowrepcieinpowersaee 2.12 Doubling Period ‘Son, Thiele oe row ey cae il «a ‘ou etic fpr mano above (pow aeof Sh se F= O08 ms ht rp ptn des ee 4 ya SeaWas 16 ing at perd 2.2. Production Patterns Tempe ne es seems Hee Siieataa coset Sree ciiet saa aeey near ence abe teens Bele tastes Enouneecacas “Aimpoint tie fe eaten Fe Sean oa ee pat erry poet std pedten eri el patented (Lentini sey ane pe. ‘io ol wel arse ie Te Io ei ety wie oe me Ut ees ogre ae $e lt wal res ed we arr real awn tore ‘Ching einai Sl spn ‘aol moar athe dmovay of te Seer ena st ge 28 ‘Seorlys proces RG cod hf god SED aloes ob aan Fo = Chaning open The ve sve ‘Som Sigh oneness ag ‘Sepa dOyeqrfrantso mucha ors ‘Sie ta aot enone SS ottee ihe ene pew ‘cures23. Prices iy slant ied oe ‘tie dar, eu an pasa “opioeoatl enesbowth bepasy, i fr her pode, nt ls coe aay of eh det Lae nee Sle dja wen 0007 TE ‘endfor be expel at Sper han erat by Telosng wth exten ly heuer tl ns ee ‘loins wt mate me oer ‘Sea Forenmsl i ue tie! (ke wie tn iene eel ‘Sem. Evol, lb cee ‘intents, sins reining et at a efi norm ead ans oc htt he fd an ae ire a ope beh tnt. ower a many epi he ‘Copper aly ei rece tn ‘tenure ee oxve Talon resin ety ae ocetnsoe a pode Ha Stee Lents wor iat ie il Tal ioc Eder combine ove ingle rete The oc metal ater ey ‘i poco Mai press ge Tempe ne fa epee tae tm ‘cas toe ne cee ‘tl whe the patna ane teary ‘ies than more enpennve ones Maly er Bote erate Scere, ery Shimieces Binbeertienons ioeheiensten ire Poon Bie Tact Skiacmasciey arate eee eterna Sey sarte me wine shicneboemenes, mnissore Seo Ss See, ns a sdereuiier ores eke once ee Siitiies deere alate ofecne oot Sa RFS dementia Sgt ulswnvccse ‘SSaece tes fund bre ck ld SSuaes Serine neta sinh nd a Far Ses shu tr ele pe Incleal ht en asin Boe ‘snr toed “ips of Specs tw eee ‘insite nso inte a 90 seit oy os eb hi ie i Taconic ppt raion eponcel it fel or ‘Staccho ator tem 24. Metal-Producing, ‘Associations and cartels Aggies ieee manner {ever eva or geet pom Cre cars tro Soeaneece eiimensaverceiey Basie pete ieee ‘Stil he pie aia te ee ees Syoeeees cotcuaae ames eget of be mt ieee me ‘cacitces easly fed even mong of corn ml wove Ft Es Senet SEES pet iomtyetna a ‘Sle leo slayer =e Se uaeoeneaed enn 25 References3__Recyeling of Metals 32 Femur an 3.41 Introduction Recovery of alm pg snk nr ha srg fe ot ‘ample he aneling of eli oe ‘isuewerantanour uote fy ta wl be ene ope ae ‘ae gy of el ue Serafin eateries Sov crbe 9 Reylng of ea ar we Inperntctron se Deeg patton eons, ‘etme east sds =A SS 32 Ferrous Metals ‘Thc sll plan ht ope sucky oop ets lye ae ‘eas for ang. Ober eiaing pro ‘boned ona iar ttt Soot eng Gwe dost Cire Sif Tete a er en nog Inmet: mein toe ud ‘cra tetonpennae hemor ag Sting Aa ol foie he ae (fcr ofc Deibere a f t ar tc a prev de ai ton of ‘scone soop sled sot down Ge ‘Sang Gute tgs te ely ne Some 3% tow bos tn 3 sp. Sel 33. Neen tale a 34 Rees 2 sp nig ce fi 0 min (aca Tis i sop pct ay a cman ni rg spi nated on bene dhe el rsd (eEverel he ld enable, fr ies aly ao a ‘Sot sp frm a cn i ly soln coppers od ar ‘Sg ps tk ny Wt ha rove ya ‘oabeee ue (tea ‘into petite Shc nee be Sap Boaty ae SUS ea 3.3. Nonferrous Metals ret forse eng made sahmrtisnnpofcnans ag tora ‘Si spe (ep dea woot snd ee Se hai Eisen ve og, ad ‘leo fe ae) mel om ‘topetnn ei, pn omenn etn See Sta hes ea ee Ee ers men tert cece cacmaiyemmngtetar hin bisa Sensing oe, ‘sem petagch (ieee tonto ee EE Eb ace uate ages tet, "Boia es Ba Gaerne ‘Bae a L; Lf eects [+ pategt [-— s etry | — et ‘ner [— set —_] 4 By-Product Metals 4) otic, » 42 Unum tenon dk 13 Mitn fom Foto. > 4.1 Introduction saben pone tree cin ‘When bem een perio cp 42. Uranium from Phosphate Rock Phone ck coins rage 10 (ES fre manna ene ‘ide apo ecco an ‘Someday ort ea pn wo re i ‘Sane ones ee) {6 Cini me Conan” Neen 2 43 Vanadium from Fuel Oil lil sing tei 10 pe (Wet Oe di cobted i br grea ‘met sion ach nei ee 3) 44 Precious Metals from Copper Ores sum be eg coor cnt ee econ Sere ere Sle (Bie 43) Tene et ingots Siena Soo pe cna pagent2 oy 240 45. Rhenium from Porphyry Copper Ores Chaopyie snore fom po) ssgper cesar oa he ser SES Tce Te aly sepa the foaioe, Tee mae een ‘oie olin cone aos Te) ‘Seam wch cane re tt cn regen Fg 0) Ts 4.6 Cadmium from Zine Concentrates Dating be paucity te to- ls gral ttn Sep gue 5) Tn an pera suet ‘fost, ite ance gro ‘Som sed tne ened he ah 47 Gallium from Aluminum Ores Tet of sti ond in bite, he ‘edd Gad of ne ach Solon awe #5. 48° References ; ae eee egy pt tn aePart Two Ferrous Metals [el=)=) + off ols|a l= co] | atl ae) w |e oe] |e [ai J [raf] [se] [alco] me] cr] es |] no]5 Iron {iene fy 3 50-431 Bm Man Ras 35 ma ea 5 gadson ” SS Sipe aie ‘gt oii s 383) tNGeninchiaine sues euererceeueess aes ft515 em Caton Syste Site Teil Wain. 517 Compan ‘Roa Fert foe teen ‘neon Ma 5.8" Ream Deen he Dire Fe oe Oris 519 Teen Oana Spence tn fea hig Si3 rane us BSP. oe rs ceric etn tein St Romie 4522 Goal nd Goa yi. ee i oe 42285 ming Emi SEL Sel nc one: Baths Peery Tren Ses hewlyrre ie Shr” Clewenbaini SEU: Beene, BRU Grin ig BRE Cle Sth Moat ge Sra SEG aguante 3144 Ito Sinn Probus 51. Introduction ere seehaiieerst ares Sa eene ae aes ete ee Sena eerie pes Saree dis Eee a onteemre ies acer ha SSS fiat ee ae daha Beene arr see Tees Serene ine See seca Basa Scrat Sta es aageceeate setiecrieas ioc ore ere eer ESieres aha Se soeecaieces Eames eter meget cages sre tenes Eicesat coment El euaat moran iinaeieaeeraate “eect Siete ECsacc santietae sina ezine 9% of te wae a te 52 Occurrence Sees Taine Earner Ext ee wveee ESSE = S24 sah oe a neato ng Saco ee Sacra ee Eeieetarec cre Eons fecoan Soreness meters eee Sovoomasee ie beaner a tlie rin oc srovgina here eee for i en ro oot sag Slee oem arcane ono area oeoaes Se iach me lid me petri ete Sec Say aati{ht en in vein be nt =e erica Foe a ance toy at no he mil ee Foy ue er rey Ne ‘eins whee nn ft conc ‘es, eye ar Sone thy ren wu eco, tt fen ‘isopentane lemme pre ‘ost wi he mira pontiac 158 tnd Stree, i epenene teks age 3) Taito int ‘is iene a eve fom ‘Ges ungs yg eds $22 Oxide Minerals ‘anne 2% of ogo sch eg. Tot trent ans gpg omen Sowaty SE pm = eal cy ar then deep rd sive eularor ex eof “ieee nate pce Sei netctncat iinet sna ena a pen pore See cco eine Sree nem mal by the meaty ea eran of Vince mi wt ey Sm wa St ce Me Trois antes pele tm nity fi of bens meets ceded ‘Eswaran afoul et tit nye Lr dep ‘Mise 25-300 Fe Eantmeat cn fe Fete oy mete mets pe De teem cot ts nsec -2% Ni sae Oba Aron em en is ele cacy of sie ine Soe etning We tet e ai eek Ther cosa of sa unt Pasig eet ik EE re 523. Complex Oxides stsinerm of please Table 2) Tis (niyrcoee fn nce once ‘voit of br mute oft sg, Sen we oc ag TOs S24 Carbonates sett te ee Spat ery SSoiFe estate aed Secon Seecce aes Sonera stapes the carbonate epi ho Pass RS 525. Sulfides,Disulides, and (Complex Sulfides eva ‘ren esr er Se Sershlegyie Ce Cap Fy el eo mgr a ‘Se Eamets Tieton mic nour Sai ieecremes Syickarereana‘before FS the as ul ig al {oe cyl ater ay tome ee = Shera progertin toto wh std (octad fesome me femal at ‘seen of Fes es wenn S ands Pair Psy Stiserocion Sct Siccueancoca Sccckeeeee Sete Soe acces Sieesoee = siemmentcor re ofrmimaant ay eo es Series Soe Se Saeco re nate TRE ‘Bisstapaatinn we, ‘aiden. Sano comin ae ieee ey ‘angen hp af sat sas ston ce dguas In sense, Fakes, ton em et ins fee {code wrapese ih ees al ‘goa pt ceed as Fes sina F Pye aad sempre ve ned ee soos ety be ine gl ie! any yeaa od a ‘Sym smote ad ener he mel wee ‘ca sete is eaj tema ce Suus ons rt ean Pre ‘se rr eg npriy mi Scot a ope 526 Phosphates ine, Hye ee eto, ajP04s 48,0, he aaa sue fo Sa $3 Or vy th can SPSS mamma peux ae Pa Behan nctnact “Teeny minel of word inp cere sat eeconneiee eee Sakircsss Sante anne 534 Ore Deporte Ofte var fain. a tavetees open rome pn ‘on fm tie Uses Naan ary SS Li ein pl ee me yea ©) brpmtO) ches Lee Sites Sees SRN sayeth “ae aero Seeeemine ae Vip we sonic nenbers tei Saeed Tae Som victantatine my ‘ence Names apd to Procnbsa me emcee a tie Tae Sette teeta “ec fete ari, bane ic Tibet treat oc ant ee Cai et ‘so fr Hora etches Mh ‘rss me ney titer ee carn tessa vex Ts oon lorerareiererrs iS Steeler “Mu mae dp se sna ape dca na te Se repos dapat ute cts {Site gp st ete bear een eeeta se Sestorsesrau ime sr, ese rte sop a Sone Nga arin a ee magma nd ganas) + Mineo row tomer ‘oa caer a ay %. 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