STUN GUN

 OVERVIEW
Stun Guns are the devices designed primarily for self-defence. They can
disable an attacker by discharging usually around 1000 to 200000 volts at
low amperage through the body of an attacker.

A standard stun gun works fairly simply using two 9V batteries to develop
the voltage across the two electrodes. The batteries are the source of
electricity for the circuit inside the stun gun. The circuit contains many
different elements including transformers which serve to amplify the
voltage in the circuit while reducing the amperage. In addition, oscillators
create a pulse, which in turn charges up the capacitors. The charged
capacitors are what deliver shock to the person by delivering it to the
electrodes.
Stun Gun produce high voltage pulses disrupting muscles and nervous system,
leaving anyone who touches it in a state of mental confusion. The recipient
feels pain and can be momentarily paralyzed while an electric current is
being applied. High voltages are used, but because most devices use high
frequency alternating current, the skin effect prevents a lethal amount of
current from traveling into the body.
The internal circuits of electroshock weapons are fairly simple, based on
either an oscillator, resonant circuit, and step-up transformer to achieve the
continuous, direst, or alternating high-voltage discharge. The output voltages
without external “load”(which would be the target’s body) are claimed to be
in the range of 50kV up to 1000 kV. However, since air has a dielectric
breakdown(Emax) of 3000kV/m, it is clear that the spacing of the electrodes

Will not permit the upper range of claimed voltages (900kV representing the
minimum electrode spacing of about 30cm). The output current upon contact
with the target will depend on various factors such as target’s resistance,
skin type, moisture, clothing, the electroshock weapon’s internal circuitry,
discharged waveform and battery conditions.