Engineering Dynamics 123L Lab

REPORT 1

SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM

Submitted by: MUHAMMAD BINYAMEEN

Registration no. 2017-ME-162

Lab
Lab layout description:
1. Fly wheel
2. General arm
3. Gyroscope
4. Cam analysis machine
5. Balancing machine for rotating and reciprocating masses
6. Journal bearing pressure distribution
7. Mechanisms of different machines
8. Simply supported beam
9. Roof truss
10.Fink truss
11.Warren girder truss
12.Simple gear train
13.Toggle joint
14.Staring control system
15.Clutch friction
16.Worm and worm machine
17.Whirling shaft machine
18.Duplex screw jack
19.Belt and pulley
20.
 Experiment No. 1
Slider Crank mechanism
Objective:
 To study the construction and working principle of slider crank mechanism
 Dynamic analysis in terms of displacement, velocity and acceleration

Apparatus:
 Slider crank mechanism
 Meter rod
 Degree meter showing crank position
 Graph paper

Introduction:
The experiment will teach us the construction and working principle of the slider
crank mechanism along with its basics applications in everyday life, along with the
relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration by general analysis.

Theory
1. Links:
Every element or pair of elements that can move relatively with respect to other
part of machine is called link. Link or Links may refer to:
Link, a single element of a chain [1].

[0]
So, a machine is basically a combinations of links.

1.1 Types of links:

 Rigid links e.g.1 connecting rod and crank
  flexible links e.g. belts, chains, springs
 fluid links e.g. hydraulic press, lift

1.1.1 Classification of rigid links:

I. Binary link
II. Turnery link
III. Quaternary link
2. Kinematic pairs: A kinematic pair is a joint between two surfaces of
rigid bodies that keep them in contact and relatively moveable. A kinematic
pair is a connection between two bodies that imposes constraints on their
relative movement. [2]

2.1 Classification of kinematic pairs

 Lower pair
 Higher pair

2.1.1 Lower pair:

A lower pair is one in which there occurs a surface or area contact
between two members, e.g. nut and screw, bearing ball and socket
joint [3]
2.1.2 Higher pair:
A higher pair is a constraint that requires a curve or surface in the moving
body to maintain contact with a curve or surface in the fixed body. For example,
the contact between a cam and its follower is a higher pair called a cam joint.
Similarly, the contact between the meshing teeth of two gears are cam joints. It
has a point or line contact. Ball or spherical joint requires that a point in the
moving body maintain contact with a point in the fixed body. This joint has three
degrees of freedom.

3. Kinematic chain:
A kinematic chain is an assembly of rigid bodies connected
by joints to provide constrained (or desired) motion for a mechanical system.
[5] As in the familiar use of the word chain, the rigid bodies, or links, are
constrained by their connections to other links. An example is the simple open
chain formed by links connected in series, like the usual chain. [6]

4. Mechanism:
A mechanism, in engineering, is a device that transforms input
forces and movement into a desired set of output forces and movement.
Mechanisms generally consist of moving components that can include:

 Gears and gear trains

 Belt and chain drives
 Cam and followers
 linkage

Friction devices, such as brakes and clutches [7]

5.Slider crank mechanism:
A slier crank mechanism is an apparatus that is used to convert the linear
motion into rotatory motion or convert the rotatory motion into linear motion.
This consist of following elements
 Crank
 Connecting rod
 slider
5. Procedure:
1. Place the rotary at zero and use this as reference point with
zero displacement.
2. Rotate table clockwise and offset it by 30 degrees from
starting position.
3. Note the readings on linear scale of slider for this degree of
offset in inches.
4. Keep offsetting the rotary crank by 30 degree and noting the
corresponding position till 360 degrees.
5. Plot a graph between displacement and the crank position
to obtain the curve.
6. Complete experimental values of velocities by taking points
on curve and tangents then find slope on these points.
7. Plot a graph between degree and velocity.
8. Now take various points on the velocity curve and draw
tangents .slope of these tangents will give us acceleration at
these points.
9. Draw acceleration graph between degree and acceleration.
6. 0bservations and calculations:
Sr. Crank Slider Velocity Acceleration
no (degree) position Degree/inch (Degree/inch)
(inch) 2

1 0 0 O 2.5

2 30 0.45 1.25 2.165

3 60 1.5 2.165 1.25

4 90 2.8 2.5 0

5 120 4.0 2.165 -1.25

6 150 4.8 1.25 -2.165

7 180 5.0 O -2.5

8 210 4.7 -1.25 -2.165

9 240 3.9 -2.165 -1.25

10 270 2.7 -2.5 0

11 300 1.4 -2.165 1.25

12 330 0.35 -1.25 2.165

13 360 0 0 02.5
7.Graphs:

graph between degree and displacement

6

5
displacement (inch)

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
displacement 0 0.45 1.5 2.8 4 4.8 5 4.7 3.9 2.7 1.4 0.35 0
degreeo

graph between degree and velocity

3

2
velocity(degree/inch)

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
-1

-2

-3
degree

velocity
 graph between degree and acceleration
3

2
acceleration9degree/inch2 )

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
-1

-2

-3
degree0

acceleration

Comments:
 The graph between degree and displacement is a parabola downward
 The graph between degree and velocity is a sinusoidal curve
 The graph between degree and acceleration is a cosine curve
 References:
1. The New Science of Networks, a 2002 book by Hungarian physicist
Albert-László Barabási.
2. Reuleaux, F., 1876 The Kinematics of Machinery, (trans. and annotated
by A. B. W. Kennedy), reprinted by Dover, New York (1963
3. A. P. Usher, 1929, A History of Mechanical Inventions, Harvard
University Press, (reprinted by Dover Publications 1968)
4. R. S. Hartenberg and J. Denavit (1964) Kinematic synthesis of linkages,
pp 17-18, New York: McGraw-Hill.
5. Reuleaux, F., 1876 The Kinematics of Machinery, (trans. and annotated
by A. B. W. Kennedy), reprinted by Dover, New York (1963
6. J. M. McCarthy and G. S. Soh, 2010, Geometric Design of
Linkages, Springer, New York.
7. J. J. Uicker, G. R. Pennock, and J. E. Shigley, 2003, Theory of
Machines and Mechanisms, Oxford University Press, New York