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Batangas State University

ARASOF Nasugbu Campus

Nasugbu, Batangas

College of Industrial Technology

Prepared by:

Monica Balboa
BIT-CPET III

Prepared for:

Mr. Gregorio Apacible

Professor

Nick Joaquin (b. 1917)

Philippine novelist, poet, playwright, and essayist writing in English, the National Artist for
Literature. Joaquin is widely considered the best postwar author in his country. He has written largely
about the Spanish colonial period and the diverse heritage of the Filipino people. Often he deals with
the coexistence of 'primitive' and 'civilized' dimensions inside the human psyche. In his short story 'The
Summer Solstice,' set in the 1850s, Joaquin portrayed the collision between instincts and refined
culture. Doña Lupeng first rejects ancient beliefs, but under the spell of the moon, she becomes
possessed by the spirit of the Tadtarin cult - she does not want to be loved and respected anymore but
adored as the embodiment of the matriarchal powers.

"He lifted his dripping face and touched his bruised lips to her toes; lifted his hands and grasped the
white foot and kissed it savagely - kissed the step, the sole, the frail ankle - while she bit her lips and
clutched in pain at the windowsill, her body distended and wracked by horrible shivers, her head flung
back and her loose hair streaming out of the window - streaming fluid and black in the white night
where the huge moon glowed like a sun and the dry air flamed into lightning and the pure heat burned
with the immense intense fever of noon." (from 'The Summer Solstice' in Tropical Gothic, 1972)

Nick Joaquin was born in Paco on Calle Herran, as the the son of Leocadio Y. Joaquin, a lawyer and a
colonel of the Philippine Revolution, and Salome Marquez, a schoolteacher. After three years of
secondary education at the Mapa High School, Joaquin dropped out of school to work on Manila’s
waterfront and in odd jobs. On his spare time he read widely at the National Library and on his father's
library. English had became the official medium of instruction in 1898 after the Spanish-American war.
Especially through the work of short story writers English became the most developed literary genre
and virtually all Spanish literature ceased.

Starting as a proofreader at the Philippines Free Press, Joaquin rose to contributing editor and essayist
under the pen name 'Quijano de Manila' (Manila Old Timer). After World War II Joaquin worked as a
journalist, gaining fame as a reporter for the Free Press. In 1970 he left the Philippines Free Press and
went on to edit Asia-Philippine Leader. During the reign of Ferdinand Marcos, who had won
presidency in 1965, corruption started to fuel opposition to his administration. When martial law was
declared in 1972 Joaquin was subsequently suspended. He then became the editor of the Philippine
Graphic magazine and publisher of the Women’s Weekly.

Joaquin started to write short stories, poems, and essays in 1934. One year later his first work appeared
in the Tribune in 1935. In 1947 his essay on the defeat of a Dutch fleet by the Spaniards off the
Philippines in 1646 earned him a scholarship to study in Hong Kong at the Albert College, founded by
the Dominicans. Joaquin's studies for priesthood explains part the Christian setting of his stories and
constant attention to the practices and superstitions of his characters. However, he left the seminary in
1950, finding it impossible for him to adjust to rigid rules. Prose and Poems (1952) was followed by
the Barangay Theatre Guild's production of his play, A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino. The title refers
to James Joyce's famous book, not without ironic tone. A Portrait is considered the most important
Filipino play in English. In it Joaquin focused on a family conflict, in which old cultural models are
reconciled with modern values. The descendants of the declining Don Lorenzo refuse to sell the
masterpiece which he has painted for them. With Stevan Javellana, N.V.M. Gonzalez, Celso Al.
Carunungan, and Kerima Polotan Tuvera he influenced the development of the Philippine novel and
short story. He writing also build a bridge from modern literature to the religious themes of Spanish
heritage and primitive beliefs. When the young Guido in 'The Summer Solstice' had returned from
Europe to his home, he tells Doña Lupeng: "Ah, I also learned to open my eyes over there - to see the
holiness and the mystery of what is vulgar."

The prize-novel The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961) examined the pressures of the past upon the
present. Monson, the ex-revolutionary, hides in Hong Kong, afraid to face the trials of postwar
independence. Again Joaquin dealt with the tensions between illusion and reality. The novel won the
first Harry Stonehill Award, an yearly grant. The Aquinos of Tarlac (1983) was a biography of the
assassinated presidential candidate Benigno Aquino. He led the opposition to President Ferdinand
Marcos and was shot dead in the airport when he returned from exile. Three years after his death his
widow Corazon Aquino became President of the Philippines. Cave and Shadows (1983) occurs in the
period of martial law under Marcos.

For his work Joaquin received several awards. His essay 'La Naval de Manila' (1943) won in a contest
sponsored by the Dominicans; 'Guardia de Honor' was declared the best story of the year in 1949, he
received in 1963 the Araw ng Maynila Award, and in 1966 he was conferred the Ramon Magsaysay
Award for Literature, Broadcast and Journalism. In 1976 Joaquin was declared a National Artist. He is
the most anthologized of all Philippine authors.

For further reading: The Trouble with Nick & Other Profiles by Marra PL. Lanot (2000); Encyclopedia
of World Literature in the 20th Century, ed. by Steven R. Serafin (1999, vol. 2); Subversions Of
Desire: Prolegomena To Nick Joaquin by Epifanio San Juan, Jr. (1988); Filipino Writers in English by
Florentino B. Valeros and Estrellita V. Gruenberg (1987); New Writing from the Philippines by L.
Casper (1966); Brown Heritage, ed. by A. Manuud (1967); 'Hauted Intensity' by Miguel A. Bernard in
Bamboo and the Greenwood Tree (1961); 'The Stories of Nick Joaquin' by Harry B. Furay in Philippine
Studies, i (1953) - For further information: The Storyteller's New Medium - Rizal in Saga by Nick
Joaquin - A Summary of Nick Joaquin's The Four Little Monkeys Who Went To Eden -
Work

Verde Yo Te Quiero Verde

The river- cool sea- serpent skin

Of your deep arms enfolds my flesh in silence.

Red assaults; rains fire, blood; excites,

Devours. Red, our terror aloud,

Cried out, of death. ( Green is the nights luxuriant waters jeweled thick
with islands.)

White is wisdom, the scourge of God.

Insanity, her neediness. Pain,

Her blinding deserts. Noon, her shroud.

( O moss- grown wells, raw fruits, slopes hung with curtains!)

Blare is thought, despair; the ink stain

Time prints on all matter; the cold

Vague melancholy, eyes retain

Of voyages long perished from importance......

Yet from these, senses, though in their

Decadence, this rises four fold

A hunger for that other color, virgin, girlish!

That abrupt, sharp waking up, bare

Of blankets, of all drams- with dawn on the grasses: all water air

And earth caught for an instant clean and careless!

Have I built of such moments one

More sanctuary? Have enthralled

Stupid the flesh as swine that none

May interrupt these ears turned to the siren……


Deep the jungle. Here have I walked

We stranded from the rainbow; in

This leaf-wooed shrine the emerald

Stone-unripe guavas pack their smell of iron.

Yea, this my world-spun, sped between

Fire branching under, fire above: you

Are its whisper of Eden, Queen

Crowned over color:


Jose Garcia Villa

Poet, critic, short story writer, and painter, Jose Garcia Villa was a consummate artist in poetry and in
person as well. At parties given him by friends and admirers whenever he came home for a brief visit,
things memorable usually happened. Take that scene many years ago at the home of the late Federico
Mangahas, a close friend of Villa's. The poet, resplendent in his shiny attire, his belt an ordinary
knotted cow's rope, stood at a corner talking with a young woman. Someone in the crowd remarked:
"What's the idea wearing a belt like that?" No answer. Only the faint laughter of a woman was heard.
Or was it a giggle perhaps? Then there was one evening, with few people around, when he sat down
Buddha-like on a semi-marble bench under Dalupan Hall at UE waiting for somebody. That was the
year he came home from America to receive a doctor's degree, honoris causa, from FEU. Somebody
asked: "What are you doing?" He looked up slowly and answered bemused: "I am just catching up
trying to be immoral." Sounded something like that. There was only murmuring among the crowd.
They were not sure whether the man was joking or serious. They were awed to learn that he was the
famed Jose Garcia Villa. What did the people remember? The Buddha-like posture? Or what he said?

That was Villa the artist. There's something about his person or what he does or says that makes people
gravitate toward him. Stare at him or listen to him.

Villa is the undisputed Filipino supremo of the practitioners of the "artsakists." His followers have
diminished in number but are still considerable.

Villa was born in Singalong, Manila, on 05 August 1908. His parents were Simeon Villa, personal
physician of revolutionary general Emilio Aguinaldo, and Guia Garcia. He graduated from the UP High
School in 1925 and enrolled in the pre-med course. He didn't enjoy working on cadavers and so he
switched to pre-law, which he didn't like either. A short biography prepared by the Foreign Service
Institute said Villa was first interested in painting but turned to writing after reading Sherwood
Anderson's "Winesburg, Ohio."

Meanwhile, he devoted a good part of his time writing short stories and poems. Soon he started
exerting his leadership among the UP writers.

His ideas on literature were provocative. He stirred strong feelings. He was thought too individualistic.
He published his series of erotic poems, "Man Songs" in 1929. It was too bold for the staid UP
administrators, who summarily suspended Villa from the university. He was even fined P70 for
"obscenity" by the Manila Court of First Instance.

With the P1,000 he won as a prize from the Philippines Free Press for his "Mir-i-Nisa," adjudged the
best short story that year (1929), he migrated to the United States. He enrolled at the University of New
Mexico where he edited and published a mimeographed literary magazine he founded: Clay. Several
young American writers who eventually became famous contributed. Villa wrote several short stories
published in prestigious American magazines and anthologies.

Through the sponsorship of Conrad Aiken, noted American poet and critic, Villa was granted the
Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing. He was also awarded $1,000 for "outstanding work in
American literature." He won first prize in poetry at the UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests (1958)
and was conferred the degree Doctor of Literature, honoris causa, by FEU (1959); the Pro Patria Award
for literature (1961); Heritage Awards for literature, for poetry and short stories (1962); and National
Artist Award for Literature (1973).

On 07 February 1997, Jose Garcia Villa died at a New York hospital, two days after he was found
unconscious in his apartment. He was 88.

The Department of Foreign Affairs said Villa, popularly known as the "comma poet," died at 12:37
a.m. (New York time) of "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia" at the St. Vincent Hospital in
Greenwich.

He is survived by his two sons, Randy and Lance, and three grandchildren.

Interment was scheduled on Feb. 10 in New York, the DFA said. It added that Villa had expressed the
wish to be buried wearing a barong. Though he lived in New York for 67 years, he remained happily a
Filipino citizen.

Work

The Bright Centipede

The, bright centipede,

Begins, his, stampede!

O, celestial, Engine, from,

What, celestial, province!


His, spiritual, night,

Golding, the night,-

His, spiritual, eyes,

Foretelling, my, Size,

His, spiritual, feet,

Stamping, in, heat,

The, radium, brain

To, spiritual, imagination.


Francisco Arcellana

Zacarias Eugene Francisco Quino Arcellana (September 6, 1916 — August 1, 2002) was
a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and teacher and one of the most important
progenitors of Filipino short stories in English. In 1990, he was declared National Artist of the
Philippines for Literature.

Francisco Arcellana was born September 6, 1916 in Sta. Cruz, Manila to parents Jose
Cabaneiro Arcellana and Epifania Quino. He was the fourth of the 18 children. Arcellana
bloomed early in his craft and prospered from his first schooling in Tondo until he entered the
University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medical student in 1932. He developed an interest
in writing while he was studying at the Manila West High School (now Torres High School) as
an active staff of the the school organ The Torres Torch.

While in UP, Arcellana received an invitation to join the U.P. Writer's Club from Manuel
Arguilla. This happened after his "trilogy of the turtles" appeared in the Literary Apprentice.
Arcellana also marked the beginning of nontraditional forms and themes in Philippine
literature when he edited and published the Expression in 1934. He graduated with a degree
in philosophy in 1939 and later went into medical school.

He married Emerenciana Yuvencio with whom he had six children: Francisco Jr., Elizabeth,
Jose Esteban, Maria Epifania, Juan Eugenio, Emerenciana Jr.

He worked as columnist in the Herald Midweek Magazine while in medical school. After the
war, he returned in the academe as a fellow of the UP Department of English and Comparative
Literature. He became the adviser of the Philippine Collegian and director of Creative Writing
Center from 1979 to 1982.

In 1951, his short story “The Flowers of May” won first prize in the Don Carlos Palanca
Memorial Award for Literature (see Palanca Awards). His work entitled the “Wing of
Madness” made became second prize in the Philippine Free Press literary contest in 1953. His
other noteworthy works include 'The Man Who Could Be Poe”, “Death is a Factory”, “Lina”,
and “Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal”.

In 1956-1957, Arcellana served as a fellow in creative writing at the University of Iowa and
Breadloaf Writers' Conference under a Rockefeller Foundation grant. In 1989, he received a
doctorate in humane letters honoris causa from the University of the Philippines.

He pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. For Arcellana,
the pride of fiction is "that it is able to render truth that is able to present reality." He has kept
alive the experimental tradition in fiction, and has been most daring in exploring new literary
forms to express the sensibility of the Filipino people. A brilliant craftsman, his works are now
an indispensable part of tertiary-level-syllabi all over the country.

Arcellana died from renal failure and pneumonia on August 1, 2002 at the age of 85.
Works

Sonnet

Squat, cafty, little guy

Set a long time on my clust


Slut but all I know of sky

Fed upon my twinning breast

Broad, wavy, fodeful sword

Swept the air above my head

Was master, sovereign, Lord

Of both my quick and dead

But wart was body’s merit

And godly soul proved able kept secret

Sky of spirit

Breast was endless table


Bienvenido N. Santos

Bienvenido N. Santos (1911-1996) is a Filipino-American fictionist, poet and nonfiction


writer. He was born and raised in Tondo, Manila. His family roots are originally from Lubao,
Pampanga, Philippines. He lived in the United States for many years where he is widely
credited as a pioneering Asian-American writer.

Biography

Santos received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of the Philippines where he
first studied creative writing under the tutelage of pioneering fictionist Paz Marquez Benitez.
Santos was a government pensionado (scholar) to the United States at the University of
Illinois, Columbia University, and Harvard University in 1941. During World War II, he
served with the Philippine government in exile under President Manuel L. Quezon in
Washington, D.C. together with the playwright Severino Montano and Philippine National
Artist Jose Garcia Villa.

In 1946, he returned to the Philippines to become a teacher and university administrator. He


received a Rockefeller fellowship at the Writers Workshop of the University of Iowa where he
later taught as a Fulbright exchange professor. Santos has also received a Guggenheim
Foundation fellowship, a Republic Cultural Heritage Award in Literature as well as several
Palanca Awards for his short stories. Scent of Apples, his only book to be published in the
United States, won an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation in 1980.

Santos received honorary doctorate degrees in Humanities and Letters from the University of
the Philippines, and Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay) in 1981. He was also a Professor of
Creative Writing and Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Wichita State University
(Kansas, U.S.A.) from 1973 to 1982. Santos also received an honorary doctorate degree in
Humane Letters from Wichita State University in 1982. After his retirement, Santos became
Visiting Writer and Artist at De La Salle University in Manila.

De La Salle University honored Bienvenido Santos by renaming its Creative Writing Center
after him. Santos received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of the Philippines
where he first studied creative writing under the tutelage of pioneering fictionist Paz Marquez
Benitez. Santos was a government pensionado (scholar) to the United States at the University
of Illinois, Columbia University, and Harvard University in 1941. During World War II, he
served with the Philippine government in exile under President Manuel L. Quezon in
Washington, D.C. together with the playwright Severino Montano and Philippine National
Artist Jose Garcia Villa.

In 1946, he returned to the Philippines to become a teacher and university administrator. He


received a Rockefeller fellowship at the Writers Workshop of the University of Iowa where he
later taught as a Fulbright exchange professor. Santos has also received a Guggenheim
Foundation fellowship, a Republic Cultural Heritage Award in Literature as well as several
Palanca Awards for his short stories. Scent of Apples, his only book to be published in the
United States, won an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation in 1980.

Santos received honorary doctorate degrees in Humanities and Letters from the University of
the Philippines, and Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay) in 1981. He was also a Professor of
Creative Writing and Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Wichita State University
(Kansas, U.S.A.) from 1973 to 1982. Santos also received an honorary doctorate degree in
Humane Letters from Wichita State University in 1982. After his retirement, Santos became
Visiting Writer and Artist at De La Salle University in Manila.

De La Salle University honored Bienvenido Santos by renaming its Creative Writing Center
after him.an

Works

Novels

• The Volcano (1965)


• Villa Magdalena (1965)
• The Praying Man (1977)
• The Man Who (Thought He) Looked Like Robert Taylor (1983)
• What the Hell for You Left Your Heart in San Francisco? (1987)

Short Story Collections

• You Lovely People (1955,1976)


• Brother, My Brother (1960)
• The Day the Dancers Came (1967,1983)
• Toledo is the Love (1969)

• Dwell in the Wilderness (1985)

Poetry

• The Wounded Stag (1956,1992)


• Distances: In Time (1983)
• The March of Death

Nonfiction

• Memory's Fictions: A Personal History (1993)


• Postscript to a Saintly Life (1994)
• Letters: Book 1 (1995)
• Letters: Book 2 (1996)
• My Most Memorable Christmas

Awards, Honors and Prizes

• Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship at the University of Iowa


• Guggenheim Fellowship
• Republic Cultural Heritage Award
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for short fiction (1956, 1961 and 1965)
• Fulbright Program Exchange Professorship
• American Book Award from Before Columbus Foundation
• Honorary Doctorate in Humanities and Letters, University of the Philippines
• Honorary Doctorate in Humanities and Letters, Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay,
Philippines)
• Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters, Wichita State University (Kansas, U.S.A.)

Work

Gift Bearers

The morning nears and chill fog wraps the arele

In nothingness and vague murmurings about floods

While men scan the sullen skies,

Wishing for stars

To brighten the dawn of many promises

Prophets have erred and history is now an old man

Rowing for lost toys in a desolate corner

Of another childhood, and we who must tempt the earth


With seed await the caring day with hope, speak on dull voices.

In the awakened sun, spell out the errors

You have made on grotesque leaves grotesque yet

Even as the daylight breaks and prophets speak no more.

Where are the deeper colors that stained cathedral glass?

The thundering threnodies that stood Corinthian walls?

Here now is the new day, but where are those

Who have wondered far, seeking the sound without depth?

For the men who walked the earth bearing gifts,

Are wondering still lost in some forsaken city

Where they rest their burden of gold and frankincense

And myrrh and dose their wearied eyes in sleep,

Dreaming of goodness in the heart and peace of rivers

Winding down a happy valley where a wounded stag

Lies down to die wonder the poplars flecked with morning

Carlos Peña Rómulo

Carlos Peña Rómulo (14 January 1899, Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines – 15 December 1985, Manila,
Philippines) was a Filipino diplomat, politician, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16,
a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He is the co-founder of the Boy Scouts of
the Philippines.

He graduated from the University of the Philippines, (BA) 1918; Columbia University, New York City,
(MA), 1921, Received from Notre Dame University, Indiana, Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa), 1935;
Rollins College, Florida, Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa), 1946; University of Athens, Greece,
Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa), 1948, University of the Philippines, Honorary Doctor of 'Laws,
April 1949, Harvard University, Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa, 1950.
Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents from President Manuel L. Quezon to President Ferdinand
Marcos as a cabinet member or as the country’s representative to the United States and to the United
Nations.

He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949-1950,
and chairman of the United Nations Security Council. He had served with General Douglas MacArthur
in the Pacific, was Ambassador to the United States, and became the first Asian to win the Pulitzer
Prize in Correspondence in 1942. The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P. Romulo of Philippine
Herald was awarded "For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of
the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia."

He served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to
1946. He was the signatory for the Philippines to the United Nations Charter when it was founded in
1946. He was the Philippines' Secretary (Minister from 1973 to 1984) of Foreign Affairs under
President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952, under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964
and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984.

In his career in the United Nations, Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights, freedom and
decolonization. During the selection of the UN's official seal, he looked over the seal-to-be and asked,
"Where is the Philippines?" US Senator Warren Austin, head of the selection committee, explained,
"It's too small to include. If we put the Philippines, it would be no more than a dot." "I want that dot!"
insisted Romulo. Today, a tiny dot between the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea can be found on
the UN seal. In 1948 in Paris, France, at the third UN General Assembly, he strongly disagreed with a
proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky, who challenged his credentials by
insulting him with this quote: "You are just a little man from a little country." In return, Romulo
replied, "It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the
blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!", leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down.
He was a candidate for the position of United Nations Secretary-General in 1953, but did not win.
Instead, he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential
candidate for the Liberal Party, but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino, who
ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramon Magsaysay. Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at
the convention, but after the convention opened, the president demanded an open roll-call voting,
leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino, the candidate of the party machine. Feeling
betrayed, Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay, the
candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election.

In April 1955 he led the Philippines' delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung. Rómulo,
in all, wrote and published 18 books, which included The United (novel), I Walked with Heroes
(autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise
(war-time memoirs).

He died, at 86, in Manila on 15th of December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes’ Cemetery (Libingan
ng mga Bayani). He was honored as the Philippines’ greatest diplomat in the 20th Century. In 1980, he
was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as "Mr. United Nations" for his
valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace.
Awards and decorations

Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipino in history, which includes 82 honorary degrees
from different international institutions and universities and 74 decorations from foreign countries:

• Philippine Congressional Quezon Service Cross, April 17, 1951


• Philippine National Artist in Literature, 1982
• United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 12, 1984
• Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award
• Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines
• Philippine Gold Gross
• Presidential Unit-Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters
• Philippine Legion of Honor (Commander)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government
• Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba
• Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence, 1942
• World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award (for work in the United Nations for
peace and world government), March 1947
• Princeton University- Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ("in
recognition Of his contribution to public life"), May 1947

Anecdotes from Beth Rómulo through Reader's Digest (June 1989)

At the third UN General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948, the USSR’s deputy foreign minister, Andrei
Vishinsky, sneered at Romulo and challenged his credentials: “You are just a little man from a little
country.” “It is the duty of the little Davids of this world,” cried Rómulo, “to fling the pebbles of truth
in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!”

When the UN official seal, which depicts the world, was being selected, Romy looked it over and
demanded, “where is the Philippines?” “It’s too small to include,” explained US Senator Warren
Austin, who headed the committee. “If we put in the Philippines it would be no more than a dot.” “I
want that dot!” Romy insisted. Today, if you look at the UN seal, you will find a tiny dot between the
Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.

Rómulo was a dapper little man (barely five feet four inches in shoes). When they waded in at Leyte
beach in October 1944, and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep, one of Romy’s
journalist friends cabled, “If MacArthur was in water waist deep, Romulo must have drowned!”

In later years, Romulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall
American generals who disparaged his physical stature. "Gentlemen," he declared, "When you say
something like that, you make me feel like a dime among nickels."
Books

• I Saw the Fall of The Philippines


• Mother America
• My Brother Americans
• I See The Philippines Rise
• The United
• Crusade in Asia (The John Day Company, 1955; about the 1953 presidential election campaign
of Ramon Magsaysay)
• The Meaning of Bandung
• The Magsaysay Story (with Marvin M. Gray, The John Day Company 1956, updated re-edition
by Pocket Books, Special Student Edition, SP-18, December 1957; biography of Ramon
Magsaysay, Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysay's death)
• I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)

Work

I saw the fall of the Philippine

All of us know the story of faster Sunday. It was the triumph of light over. Darkness;
life death. It was the vindication of a leader, only three days before defeated and executed life
a common felon. Today, on the commemoration of that resurrection, we can humbly and
without presumption declare our faith and hope in our own inevitable victory.

We too were betrayed by Judases. We were taken in the night by force of arms, and
though we have done wrong to no man, our people were bound a delivered into the hands of
our enemies. We have been given all to drink and we have stud our blood. To those who look
upon us from afar it must seem that the Filipino people have not descended into hull-into the
valley of death.

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