Rectilinear Translation with

Variable Acceleration
Cases III, IV & V
Case III.
v = f(t)
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑣 = 4𝑡 + 5, 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 2 𝑠.

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑑𝑣
=4
𝑑𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 2

𝒂 = 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
 90𝑡
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑣 = , 𝑑𝑒𝑡. 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝒂 , 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 10 𝑠.
𝑡 + 10
Solution:

𝑑𝑣 𝑡 + 10 90 − 90𝑡 1 + 0
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 + 10 2

When t = 10 seconds

10+10 90 − 90 10 1+0
𝑎=
10+10 2
1800−900 900 9
= = =
400 400 4
𝒇𝒕
= 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝟐
𝒔
3. The car moves in a straight line such that for a short
time its velocity is defined by v = (3t2 + 2t) ft/s, where t
is in seconds. Determine its position and acceleration
when t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0.
Solution to problem 3
𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
න 𝑑𝑠 = න 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0
3𝑡 3 2𝑡 2
𝑠−0= + − 0+0
3 2
𝑠 = 𝑡3 + 𝑡2
3 2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠, 𝑠= 3 + 3
𝒔 = 𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒕
Continuation of solution to problem 3

𝑣 = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡

𝑑𝑣
= 6𝑡 + 2
𝑑𝑡

𝑎 = 6𝑡 + 2

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠,
𝑎 =6 3 +2
𝒇𝒕
𝒂 = 𝟐𝟎 𝟐
𝒔
 Case IV.
v = f(s) or
a = f(v)
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑣 = 5𝑠, 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑡 𝑠 = 1 𝑚.

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠
=5 = 5𝑣 = 5 5𝑠 = 25𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 = 25 1
𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
2. A small projectile is fired vertically downward into a
fluid medium with an initial velocity of 60 m/s. Due to the
drag resistance of the fluid the projectile experiences a
deceleration of 𝑎 = −0.4𝑣 3 , m/s2, where v is in m/s.
Determine the projectile's velocity and position 4 s after it
is fired.
Solution:
𝑎 = −0.4𝑣 3
𝑑𝑣
= −0.4𝑣 3
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = −0.4𝑣 3 𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
𝑑𝑣
න 3 = −0.4 න 𝑑𝑡
60 𝑣 0
𝑣
න 𝑣 −3 𝑑𝑣 = −0.4 𝑡 − 0 = −0.4𝑡
60
−2
𝑣 60 −2
− = −0.4𝑡
−2 −2
1 1
2
− = 0.8𝑡
𝑣 3600

After 4 sec, the velocity is,

1 1
2
− = 0.8 4 = 3.2
𝑣 3600
1 1
2
= 3.2 + = 3.200277778
𝑣 3600
𝒎
𝑣 = 0.5589927331 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟗
𝒔
3. 𝐼𝑓 𝑠 = 𝑣 2 − 9, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑠 = 0 𝑓𝑡
and v = 3 fps
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠 − 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠;
𝑑𝑒𝑡. 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
Solution:
𝑠 = 𝑣2 − 9
𝑣 = 𝑠+9
𝑑𝑠
= 𝑠+9
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑠+9
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑠 + 9
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑠
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑢
𝑢−1/2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑢−1/2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑡
න 𝑢−1/2 𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 0
𝑠 𝑡
−1/2
න 𝑠+9 𝑑𝑠 = න 𝑑𝑡
0 0

1
𝑠 + 9 1/2 0+9 2
− =𝑡−0
1/2 1
2
1/2
𝑡
𝑠+9 −3=
2
 1/2
𝑡
𝑠+9 = +3
2
𝑡 2 𝑡 2
𝑠+9= +2 3 + 3
2 2
𝒕𝟐
𝒔 = + 𝟑𝒕
𝟒

𝑑𝑠 1 𝑡
= 2𝑡 + 3 = + 3
𝑑𝑡 4 2
𝒕
𝒗= +𝟑
𝟐

𝑑𝑣 1
=
𝑑𝑡 2
𝟏
𝒂=
𝟐
Case V.
a = f(s)
1. 𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎 = 10 − 0.2𝑠 .
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑚
𝑠 = 10𝑚 𝑖𝑓 𝑣 = 5 𝑎𝑡 𝑠 = 0.
𝑠
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
10 − 0.2𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑠 𝑣
න 10 − 0.2𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = න 𝑣𝑑𝑣
0 5
2 2
2
𝑣 5
10𝑠 − 0.1𝑠 = −
2 2
𝑣 2 −25
=
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠 = 10, 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣
2
2
𝑣 − 25
10 10 − 0.1 10 =
2
𝑣 2 − 25
90 =
2
180 = 𝑣 2 − 25
205 = 𝑣 2
𝒎
𝑣 = 205 = 14.31782106 ≈ 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟐
𝒔
 8
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 = − 2 ,
𝑠
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 1, 𝑠 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 2 𝑓𝑝𝑠,
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑠, 𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠.
Solution:
𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
8
− 2 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑠
−8𝑠 −2 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑠 𝑣
−8 න 𝑠 −2 𝑑𝑠 = න 𝑣𝑑𝑣
4 2
𝑠 −1 4−1 𝑣 2 22
−8 − = −
−1 −1 2 2
 𝑠 −1 4−1 𝑣 2 22
−8 − = −
−1 −1 2 2
1 1 𝑣2
8 − = −2
𝑠 4 2
8 𝑣2
−2= −2
𝑠 2
8 𝑣2
=
𝑠 2
16
𝑣=
𝑠
𝟒
𝒗=
𝒔
 16
𝑣=
𝑠
𝑑𝑠 4
= 1/2
𝑑𝑡 𝑠

𝑠1/2 𝑑𝑠 = 4𝑑𝑡

𝑠 𝑡
න 𝑠1/2 𝑑𝑠 = 4 න 𝑑𝑡
4 1
𝑠 3/2 43/2
− =4 𝑡−1
3/2 3/2
 𝑠 3/2 43/2
− =4 𝑡−1
3/2 3/2
𝑠 3/2 − 8 = 6𝑡 − 6
𝑠 3/2 = 6𝑡 + 2
𝒔 = 𝟔𝒕 + 𝟐 𝟐/𝟑
𝑑𝑠 2
= 6𝑡 + 2 −1/3 6
𝑑𝑡 3
𝟒
𝒗=
𝟔𝒕 + 𝟐 𝟏/𝟑
 Homework
• 1027 page 260
• 1028 page 260
End of Lesson