Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
DigitalCommons@ILR
The Ladies' Garment Worker, Volume 2 (1911) The Ladies' Garment Worker
4-1-1911
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The Ladies' Garment Worker at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion
in The Ladies' Garment Worker, Volume 2 (1911) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact
hlmdigital@cornell.edu.
The Ladies' Garment Worker, Volume 2, Issue 4
Description
First published in April 1910, The Ladies’ Garment Worker was the official publication of the International
Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) through 1918. The journal appeared monthly and included
sections in English, Italian, and Yiddish. The Ladies’ Garment Worker was discontinued at the end of 1918 and
replaced in January of 1919 by the new weekly journal of the ILGWU, Justice.
Keywords
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, ILGWU, The Ladies’ Garment Worker, labor unions, clothing
workers, textile workers, garment workers, garment industry, New York, United States, English, Italian,
Yiddish, Jewish
Publisher
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU)
ft a
• 3HMTEI U « . •
AND YIDDISH
ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF action. The factory has not been deavor to obviate, to prevent «t,
running at its full capacity. The and lockouts.
lON^t Union could not compel the firm to
keep more men than it needed.
The sympathy of the public would
So long as the right of the lab
to strike is maintained, so loi,
he is at liberty to reject any .,
JADIES' be with them and they would have
the backing of the rest of the manu-
facturers if we cared to show fight.
trrres for arbitration or concilia'
then any body of men who are
ing to adjust disputes between
CO Such a fight, if begun, would equal ployer and employees by pea
CXI in its magnitude the one of last means are public benefactors pftil
summer. deserve the thanks of all 1 ni'l
thinking men. 1 glit
THE LADIES' GARMENT WORKER The Union would have to back W c have lately been too hus\ W | t j ,
PUBLISHED M O N T H L Y BY T H E down and such action would be in- the affairs of our own organizaiMi
terpreted both by our members and to leave us time to follow the \.,T
INTERNATIONAL LADIES' GARMENT WORKERS' UNION the employers as a sign of weak- tunes of the National Civic I-Vilrr
ness. The Union would receive a ation. We can get along very well
AFHI-IATH!) WITH THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OK LABOR.
set-back which would take time to without them. But this violent ai
/I. ROSENBERG. Pre.-* J. A. DYCHE, Qtn'l Secy-Vrta,. recover. Even a victory at this time tack on the part of a certain sp. n on
would lead to complications and re- of the radical press on that lv*]v
GENERAL OFFICE, 11 WAVERLY PLACE, NEW YORK CITY prisals on the part of the employ- can only be due t o the fact that i.,r
ers a month or two later. the purposes of circulation constant
^SgSjFTHfc. SUBSCRIPTION warfare between capital and labor
^*™*^' 3 C«l»t» P e r C o p y . 85 C«nt« Per Y e n is much more desirable and profit
able than peace.
Entered as second-class mail matter at the New York Post-Office. On the other hand, this moral
victory of the Union will strengthen
the hands of the officers, restore In our editorial notes of the Jan
Notes and Comments. confidence in the Board of Griev-
ances among the masses and make
uary issue we ventured to express
an opinion that the cry of the strik
it easier for the Union to maintain ing Garment Workers of Chicago
The tables have turned. T o the briefs and make a decision on the and enforce discipline and keep the
charges filed by the manufacturers [mints of dispute.' " for the closed shop is having the
members in check. effect of strengthening the opposi
against the unions, the Board of There seems to be a misunder-
Arbitration rendered a decision tion of the employes to the just dc
standing somewhere on this point. mand of their workpeople for bet-
which in so many words says to In the first place we know nothing
the manufacturers: Gentlemen, What is the Joint Board going to ter conditions of labor, and that the
of a "Preferential Union Shop." do with the 180 shops which ac- rejection by the strikers of the
treat your people justly; live up to What we have gained and what we
the spirit and letter of the Protocol cording to the report of the Board proposition to settle the differences
are resolved to keep and maintain of Sanitary control are veritable by arbitration was a mistake. For
and you will have no cause to com- at all cost is a "Union Shop." not
plain. Now, go and be good. fire traps? About 5,000 people or this suggestion we have been de-
a "Preferential Union Shop." more, are exposed nine hours every nounced by the Chicago "Jewish
The opinion rendered by the day to the danger of being roasted Labor World" as working .ig.iirr^t
Board, which we print on the first alive. Why not make the employers the strikers and in the interest of
page of this issue, will make it im- or the landlord (we d o not care the firm. In last week's issue 01
possible for members of the Asso- W e consider the question of the who) responsible and stop work this journal we read a correspond
ciation to have one part of their "Union Shop," to use the language at the places until the law is carried ence signed by half a dozen work
factory in the city of New York of diplomacy, "a closed incident." into effect and safe fire exits pro- people of the firm of Hart. Shafner
and another outside; and have the the opening of which we look upon vided? W e are sure that if this & Marx, testifying that one of the
workpeople of one shop competing as "an unfriendly act." suggestion will be followed that strikers of the shop No. 10 who
with the other. They will no longer According to the wording of the fire escapes will be provided within was the loudest in his clamor for
be able t o have friendly relations Protocol "Each member of the 24 hours and all excuses and im- the "closed shop," and the most hit
with the union on one side of the manufacturer.^ is to maintain a possibilities will disappear. ter opponent of the first arbitration
Hudson River and keep up a fight Union Shop with Union standards proposal was all the time in the pay
against it on the other. as to working conditions, hours of of the firm. Will the "Jewish
labor and rates of wages." The World" take the courage and
This "Dr. Jekell and Mr Hyde" preferential part of the business The attack of the Socialist press apologize ?
game will not do. comes in only "when hiring help on Mr. John Mitchell and other
The opinion of the Hoard of Union men arc preferred." labor members of the Civic Fed-
\rbitration practically sustains the eration reminds us of an incident The end of March finishes the
We cannot allow any other in- which occurred during our last
contention of the Union on every terpretation than that given by Mr. general strike. A radical East Side first fiscal quarter of our locab. an-l
important point, while ii treats the Kosenfeld, chairman of the Board journalist met some influential peo- we call upon our local officer- t"
eliargcs of the manufacturers as of < rrievances, namely, that the plc, who urged upon him the neces- comply with Art. 12. Sec. 4, of the
trivial To some of them it makes manufacturers must give the first sity of a speedy termination of the Constitution of the 1. L G. W l
no reference at all. It is a com- chance of employment to union strike. T o which this gentleman re- and send in the quarterly financial
plete vindication of the position of members and only when these are plied: "I know that you settlement reports not later than the end «\
the union. not obtainable can he hire non- workers, reformers and philanth- the month.
union help It does not. cannot and ropists are anxious for peace, peace
There is, however, one part of we will not allow it to mean any- between Capital and I-abor. We
the opmjon of the Board of Arbi- thing else.
tration, which we cannot pass un- want war."
noticed.
"In addition to the formal dis-
putes the Manufacturers Associa- The significance of the bloodless "War is hell" for the poor fel-
tion ask for a ruling from the victory of the Union over the firm low in the field; for his wife and WE MOURN THE DEATH OF
OUR
Board of Arbitration as to the of R. Sadovsky is hardly possible little one at home; but it is a mag-_
proper construction of Section 14 to overestimate. By the decision nificent spectacle and produces the THE
of the Protocol which deals with of the Board of Grievances the most valuable copy for the news- MEMBERS SLAIN AT
maintaining the so called "Preferen firm has reinstated the 28 dis paper correspondent who is anxious
the I'nion S h o p ' This ruling charged presscrs and will pay them
reads: "Upon the question of in-
that it should go on. TRIANGLE WAIST CO- ON
for time lost. W e know of no trade unionist
terpretation of Section 14 of the
Protocol, it was agreed between the Without the Protocol the Union who has gone through a strike or
parties that the --ame be submit- could hardly compel the emplover who had the leadership of one en- M A R C H 2 5 . 1 9 1 »•
ted t o the members of the Board to reinstate the laid-off men. and' to trusted to him who does not look
upon briefs and if a question should call a strike at this time of the year upon strikes as a terrible evil. He
be raised on either side, the mem at that firm would be out of the welcomes any body or any associa-
bers of the Board will receive such question. On the face of it. the firm tion of men, no matter who they
had plausible reasons for their are, having for their object the cn-
THE L A D I E S ' G/ RMENT WORKER J
Our New Local of 800 Members From Our Organizers place, but these lasted only a few
days, terminating in favor of the
unions. The a Unions referred to
The truth of the old proverb. promise to stand by each other ac- A STMMARY or PRESIDENT control nearly 90 per cent, of the
The last straw broke the camel's cording to the obligation ot n v ROSENBERG'S REPORT. workers in the trade. The shop*
back." was illustrated when about A. F. of L., after which temporary in which skirts only arc made are
one thousand employees of the Kal- officers and a grievance committee I Miring the last year the Inter-
national Union has begun an active the only weak spots. But a vigor-
amazoo Corset Company left their were elected. ous movement is well under way
work as a protest against a further agitation in the cities outside of
While some of the girls had been New York, with the object of of tackling these places and bring
reduction in wages. the workers into line.
looking for an organizer others strengthening the existing locals,
On the morning of February 27th went to the newspaper office where and to organize new locals in such Of the three new locals, the cut-
one of the employees came out of strike editions of the "Press," places as hitherto remained un- ters Local 73 are much better or-
the office with a disappointed ex- "Telegraph" and "Gazette" were organized. ganized than all the others. Thcif
pression on her face. When asked soon printed and donated to tin- A staff of organizers have been membership consists of progressive
•he cause by her co-workers, she strikers. Within two hours tnr engaged to carry out this work. and Americanized Jewish young
replied that there was another cut men and women on strike were sell- According to information received men. Within the short period of
in wages. The employees knowing ing these papers on the street and from organizers, and as indicated their organized life, they have suc-
the wages they had been receiving the money was turned into the by the books of the General Office, ceeded in raising their wages by
were insufficient to live on, that in treasury. In one factory where the we have every reason to be proud $3.00 a week. Ninety per cent, of
many cases a man or girl could not doors had been locked to prevent of the results. the Ladies' Garment Cutters of
exist if some one at home did not the strikers from getting in to sell Boston arc members of this Union.
supply the deficit between salary papers, the workers inside lowered Ever since July, irjio, our Inter-
national Union has issued no less The Rubber Garment Workers
and cost of living, were intensely strings and hoisted the papers up and the Ladies' Waistmakers,
indignant, and throwing down their after they had tossed the money to than 40 charters to newly-establish-
ed locals. Nearly all of these are though newly organized, are full
work altogether, marched out of the the pavement. The sympathy of of enthusiasm and determination
factory. the people and the newspapers were in a flourishing condition. As soon
as the General Office has reason to for the future welfare of their res-
on the side of the strikers. pective unions.
A few of the girls had heard suspect that any city or state is in
The next dav the committee a backward condition, an organizer Besides the Joint Board of the
something of trade unionism from Cloak & Skirtmakers' Union, a Dis-
members of their families who were called on Mr. Hatfield, manager of is immediately sent there to quick-
the Corset Company. At first he en interest in the movement, and to trict Council, comprising of repre-
in a union, and it is interesting to sentatives of all the unions, has
hear these girls tell how they went refused to negotiate with the em- bring the organization back to a
ployees except as individuals and healthy state. A number of locals been in existence in Boston for
down the street asking people if some time. This body watches over
they could direct them to an organ- objected to the precence at the Con- which were in financial straits, have
ference of Brothers Waterman and been duly assisted by the Interna- the interests of the smaller locals
izer. Several labor leaders came in particular, and has set itself the
quickly to the advise of the strikers, Ellis. These objections were finally tional Union.
overcome, but the manager would task of organizing other trades,
among whom were Brother Water- The General Executive Boar.l such as the Wrapper makers and
man. Vice-President of the Michi- not sign the contract. This was has also instructed our President.
about 1:30 P. M. At 5 o'clock the d r c s makers. Bro. Dubinsky has
gan Federation of Labor; Brother Rosenberg, to make a tour East been appointed by the International
Ellis, of the Typographical Union, manager notified the committee and West and to visit as many of
that he was ready for another con- Union as special organizer for
and Brother R. Warner. Brother our locals as possible, with a view Boston an<l vicinity, and we hope
Waterman gathered the strikers and ference. At the second conference to imparting strength wherever this
the manager signed the contract. for good tidings in the near future.
called the first meeting in the Audi- is necessary.
torium. After the labor leaders had The next morning all the strikers
returned to work. From a lengthv report of Presi- THE MOVEMENT IN WORCESTER,
explained something of unionism. dent Rosenberg, we cite the follow- MASS.
Brother Ellis asked them to rise and In answer to a call from the In- ing:—
"The situation generally is so Prior to 1910 there were no
ternational Ladies' Garment Work- clonk shops in Worcester. Since
ers' Union. Josephine Casey came bright that if we found it necessary
to call a general strike to-morrow, then seven shops have made their
In our last issue we called the at- to Kalamazoo to assist in perfecting appearance, manufacturing for lo-
the work of organization. our local unions throughout the
tention of our locals to the need <>f land would unhesitatingly respond cal requirements and they employ
providing surity bonds for their At a meeting held on March 3rd. about 150 work-people on the
the employes voted to organize into to the call and be fully prepared to
financial secretaries, treasurers and fight and win. Despite the fact weekly system. The wages of the
nther officers entrusted with hand- a trade union and affiliate with the men average $20.00; those of the
I. L. G. W. U. At the meeting that our trade is not in a 'booming'
ling the moneys of the organiza- state, a feverish activity prevails women workers Sio.oo. Nearly too
tion. We wrote an article on the held the following Monday about of these are organized in our I^xral
eight hundred were obligated. Reg- everywhere. The workers feel that
-uhjeet. explaining the matter in de- in order to insure the stability of 75. In the course of our Presi-
Mil. So far. less than a dozen lo- ular officers have been elected and dent's visit, two mass meetings have
installed and everything seems to the Union, not only do they require
cals have provided bonds for their courage and determination, but also been held in co-operation with the
Secretaries. This is unpardonable indicate that the Corset Workers Central Labor Union, and these
arc to have a s t r o n g and solid or- the financial wherewithal; anil our
negligence on the part of the locals arc up and doing, raising have imparted new life to the La-
"inters, especially of the chairmen ganization. dies' Garment Workers of Worces-
funds as far as possible."
nut trustees of the locals. It is As was said in the Kalamazoo ter. Many of the more active mem-
the duty of the trustees to see that Advocate. "This was not a strike of O L R TRADE IN BOSTON, MASS. bers are determined not to relax
the officers who are handling the organized lalx>r, but that the Organ- their energies until the Union has
' lances of the locals should pro ization of the employee- was formed We have now 6 local unions in become a tower of strength.
Mde surety bonds. Boston. Three of these, namely
to prevent the necessity of a repeti- the Cloak * Skirt Pressers, I.ocal Our President next visited our
tion Hi the deplorable conditions 12. Ladies' Tailors. Local 36 anil Local I'nion 74 in Hartford, Conn.
that made the strike necessary." the Cloak & Skirt Makers,' I-ocal This Union consists of tailors em-
The co-operation of the men of $f>, have been organized some years ployed on alteration work in de-
inee the Fox River Valley Man different trade unions in the work ago. The remaining, namely, the partment stores. There is only one
cturcrs' Association succeeded of organizing the Corset Workers Ladies' Waistmakcrs. Local 49. cloak shop which was established
breaking up our local of corset shows what can be accomplished Cloak & Suit Cutters. Local 7^ and there during the last general strike.
rkers in Racine, Wis.a some six when those who have experience in Rubl>cr Garment Workers, Local I am informed that the work peo-
r
s ago, all our efforts to organize the labor movement work together. 77, have been organized during the ple .ire gradually joining the local
workpeople of this branch of Too much praise cannot he given to last year, (if the old locals the union.
I-adies' Garment Industry the good work of such men as I-adies' Tailors Union-j* in a some- A strike is in progress there in
veil fruitless. Brothers Waterman. Ellis, Stewart. what backward condition. This one of the department stores, where
"w, [.ocal 83 (Kalamazoo Cor- President of the Trades and Labor might be attributed to their last gen- hitherto t4 members of th?KUnion
Workers' Union) has sprung up Council; R. Warner, W. Iiallat, eral strike. But they arc at last be- have been employed. Every effort
'•<• unexpectedly. It was unex Editor of the Advocate, and J. J. stirring themselves with renewed is being put forth by the Union to
led for us, unexpected for the Scammell of the Boot Workers' activity. secure a victory. The Central La-
kpeople themselves and we are Union. They were ready to do any- Locals 12 anil 56 are morally and bor Union is rendering splendid
' (juite unexpected for their em- thing from making a speech to financially in a splendid condition. services.
assisting the janitor in making the The bosses respect their demands, Bro. Janow, the special organizer
meeting hall comfortable. Each of
' "s a good beginning for the these men rendered valuable service and in nv st cases they have con- of the International Union, has
' t trade—over 800 members to in the work of organizing. ceded them without strikes. Here been in charge of the movement in
' with. and there p»ttv strikes have taken Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport
THE LADIES* GARMENT WORKER
and Middletown. In all of these The members are enthusiastic over the tunities t o such a n extent that there I t is i n d e e d a deplorable <-..•,.i„
places, except the last named, local revived interest in the Union and pre- is n o w a m o v e m e n t o n in L o s A n - w h e n a citizen can not walk ! ,
dict a good strong organization in the m a n u f a c t u r i n g p l a n t as a 1
unions have been established some near future. geles, second t o n o n e , b o t h e c o n o m i -
time ago. Those few employers Knowing that there is a strong or- cally a n d politically, t h a t w e c a n without being threatened V
who have moved over there from ganization, one large concern is pre- h e n c e f o r t h look t o f o r g r e a t r e s u l t s , S t r i k e - b r e a k i n g police of I..,.
New York will presently discover pared to grant any just demands that n o t o n l y f o r o u r s e l v e s , b u t for t h e g e l e s , of w h i c h w e h a v e ;....
may be presented. p r o o f , a n d will t o d a y t a k e t i -
that they cannot escape the vigil- The Local now has a membership of
benefit of O r g a n i z e d L a b o r e v e r y -
ance of the Union and that there where. t e r tip w i t h t h e Chief and t!
over 200 out of a total of 350 emploved
will be a union wherever there are in the trade, and have moreover broken lice C o m m i s s i o n e r s . W e d o v •
Our mammoth demonstration,
working people. We hope to deal fresh ground by getting a number of p e c t a n y relief a l o n g these
members from the house of trouble— w h i c h w e h a v e p l a n n e d t o c o m e off
in our next issue with the condition f r o m t h e s e p e o p l e , but a m . .
Davidson & Wats. in A p r i l , p r o m i s e s t o b e a h u g e s u c -
of our locals in New Jersey, Penn- t h a t k i n d b y t h e p r e s e n t admin'.
Organizer Janow then proceeded to cess. T h e Committees are working
sylvania and Maryland. New Haven and there again he has t i o n will only b r i n g m o r e w
a c t i v e l y , a n d w e will o n c e m o r e
initiated the shop meeting method of t h e U n i o n L a b o r Socialist I.,--
demonstrate to the Merchants and
organization with good results. The the coming Municipal PJ.
Ladies' Garment Workers of New t h e p e o p l e in L o s A n g e l e s t h a t they
O R G A N I Z E R C H A S . L. F R O M E R w h e n w e h o p e t o c a p t u r e l.n-
Haven, Local 22, is a newly established have got t o recognize a n d treat with
WRITES: local, but the manner in which the g e l e s in its e n t i r e t y from a ->'.!i An-
O r g a n i z e d L a b o r , and t h e c a u s e o t
A vigorous movement is going on in members have set to work to build up standpoint. E e v r y effort is I lical
t h e 8 - h o u r d a y all o v e r t h e S t a t e
Albany, N. Y., in connection with the their organization, is in itself a guaran- p u t f o r t h t o s w i n g e v e r v brain icing
Ladies' Tailors. Local 30. It has been tee of success. will be g r e a t l y a d v a n c e d t h e r e b y .
O r g a n i z e d L a b o r , its friend- ;,M
decided to call a mass-meeting for the H e also visited Middletown, where, s y m p a t h i z e r s i n t o t h e Political (,,|,|
alteration hands, employed in the de- W e h a d a m e e t i n g S u n d a y of
after three shop meetings, the employees o f O r g a n i z e d L a b o r t o gain .1 vi,
partment stores, and a number of special became members of the Hartford local. a b o u t 70 d e l e g a t e s f r o m t h e v a -
committees have been appointed to look A very successful meeting was held rious organizations t o form a per- t o r y ; w e believe a b o u t the only
after shop organization and to conduct at Bridgeport, where the local union is t h i n g n o w t h a t will give tlie I"ninn
a strike that has been in progress in m a n e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n of t h e M u t u a l
making a strong effort to improve trade m e n o f L o s A n g e l e s t h e i r riyht-, i;
one of the Ladies' Tailors' shops. conditions. Altogether the prospects in Organization League. W e had a
t o elect t h e i r o w n p e o p l e into 1 flier,
I have given the committees the ne- Connecticut are beyond expectation. very successful meeting, and w e ex-
cessary instructions, and at each meet- w h i c h w e believe w e can do.
pect v e r y b e a u t i ful r e s u l t s f r o m t h i s
ing I have appealed* to the employees c o m b i n a t i o n of O r g a n i z e d L a b o r
to support the strike, morally and fi- B O S T O N D I S T R I C T COUNCIL.
nancially. According to a report to hand from a n d t h e A fro-American Council. ( S i g n e d ) G E O . GL'XRF.Y
Lorn? reports on 1 lie mass-meeting, on Organizer Dubinsky.a meeting of Shirt- W e h a v e t h e Bakersfield I r o n Strike Committee
the strike and the working conditions waist Cutters was recently held in that W o r k s tied up completely, a n d the
generally in the Ladies' Garment trade city. These have now organized them-
nave appeared in the local press. The selves into a union. M a n a g e r is in L o s A n g e l e s t r y i n g W h e n r e a d y to go to p r e n we lean
work now heiiiK done is destined to t o get men ; w e have great hopes of of the awful calamity a t the Triangle
bring good fruit. Already many new At the last meeting of the District W a i s t Company. While moit of th*
Council favorable reports were re- b e i n g successful in t h i s S t r i k e . T h e
members have joined the Union and garment manufacturing establish-
ceived from various locals, and the M e r c h a n t s and Manufacturers are m e n t i in New York City are not an;
others will soon follow suit.
Council has decided to call a monster m a k i n g s t r e n u o u s efforts t o h a m p e r b e t t e r a* far a i fire protection !• con-
The Albany local lias done much dur- mass meeting, at the Fanueil Hall. u s in o u r w o r k of Organization. c e r n e d , i t U significant that the wont
ing its brief career. A nine hour work- The Ladies' Tailors. Local 36, and the
ing day has been introduced, instead of S o m e of t h e n e w o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e calamity h a p p e n e d a t the Triangle.
the former 10 hours. About 80 per Ladies' Waist Makers, Local 49, are facing a lock-out, notably, the milk known among the workpeople in the
cent, of the I-adies' Tailors are already making good progress. Active commit- t r a d e a* the "prison." The name ia
tees have been appointed and no effort wagon drivers. T h e bosses a r e probably d u e to the extraordinary
organized and a number of shops have t r y i n g t o get t h e m t o sign a con-
become strictly union shops. will be spared to bring the non-union discipline prevailing in the factory,
employees into line. t r a c t w h i c h will v i r t u a l l y b r e a k u p coupled with poor earnings for which
The strike referred to above is ex- In going about the city and keeping
ected to terminate favorably for the t h e i r U n i o n ; t h e y a r e s t a n d i n g firm. the firm ia famous.
C Inion, and there are good prospects of
the remaining shops soon becoming un-
his eyes open Br. Dubir.sky has come
across a large number of girls employed
h o w e v e r , a n d w e b e l i e v e t h e y will
m a k e t h e bosses recede from their
I* it n o t s t r a n g e t h a t in this most
democratic of all countries in tha
ion shops Internally also the Onion on various kinds of ladies' garments. world t h e employers can so easily use
management, financially and otherwise, In his view their number probably p o s i t i o n , if n o t , t h e y a r e d e t e r m i n e d the a r m of the law to protect them-
is in good shape and the members are reaches to 12,000 in Boston alone, and t o fight. T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l o t h e r selves against any inconveniences
loyal and devoted to the cause. a couple of thousand more in its vicin- O r g a n i z a t i o n s in t h e s a m e p r e d i c a - which their workpeople may causa
I have also visited the Ladies' Tailors ity, and they work under such unfor- ment, and from the information them, but the law is nowhere when
of Troy, N. Y., Local 60, and have ex- tunate conditions as to render their t h e life a n d limb of the worker ii to
standard of wages a menace to the or- t h a t w e have, the other fellows
plained to them the ways and methods be protected.
of organization. They were consider- ganized employees The Women's Trade s e e m t o be m o r e s c a r e d t o a c t t h a n T h e writer of t h e s e lines, when ap-
ing the question as to whether or no Union League of Boston is rendering we are. proaching the factory some two
they should demand a nine hour work- good service and Br. Dubinsky hopes a g o in an a t t e m p t to organize the
jng day, but I have advised tbem to to enlist the active support of the Cen- workpeople of t h a t firm, was pot
improve their organization and to create tral Labor Union in a combined effort O u r M a s s Meetings, of which we
upon by t w o plain clothed polic
. a fund before embarking on such a to reach the White Goods Workers of hold t w o a w e e k , a r e well a t t e n d e d , a n d t a k e n to a police cell. No
movement. I think they will finally Boston, a n d 4 t h e men exhibit t h e same en- however*, knows whom to blam ( o
succeed, for the employee's are amenable t h u s i a s m t h a t t h e y did a t t h e b e - this calamity.
to agitation. i t is evident t h a t t h e workei
A Letter from Los Angeles to ginning. Secretary Gallagher, of
I have also succeeded in forming a the S a n F r a n c i s c o L a b o r Council expect next t o nothing in the w
Joint Board of the two locals of Al- The American Federation addressed them when he was here, protection from the legal autho
bany and Troy respectively. This will W h e t h e r it is t h e Supreme Cox
help them along very much. of Labor. and they gave him a royal welcome, the good people who are i terested
Then I proceeded to Toronto' Out., To ALL INTERSATIOKAL I'NIONS.
l i e assured them of continued sup- in t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l beauti" of the
and met there Rro. Weinberg. A very p o r t , a n d s p u r r e d t h e m on t o g r e a t - city, nothing will be done mtil th«
important and far-reaching movement Dear Sirs and Rrothers:— e r e n d e a v o r t h a t b e s p e a k s of o n l y workers will begin in earn' t toThey at-
is in progress in that city, the member- N i n e m o n t h s h a v e elapsed since tend to their own businei ch fire
ship is rapidly increasing, and there is o n e o u t c o m e of t h i s s t r u g g l e , a n d iU
the Metal Trades Strike started, must d e c l a r e a strike at all
no doubt that soon the Toronto Cloak t h a t is t h e 8 - h o u r d a y f o r t h e M e t a l t r a p s until a d e q u a t e protec'i 011
Maker's Union. Local 14, will be one a n d t o say t h e m e n a r e s t a n d i n g T r a d e s of L o s A n g e l e s , w h i c h w e provided. .
of the strongest unions. I have suc- firm is t o say t h e least. W h i l e w e h o p e t o be able t o r e p o r t o f in t h e Pickets should be posted »t the
ceeded in organizing 3 Cutters' Local, c a n n o t r e p o r t any m a t e r i a l p r o g r e s s trance of such places with sign b o *
composed of F.nglish-spcnking employ- very near future.
ees, and a Pressers' local is in course look-ins' t o w a r d a s e t t l e m e n t , t h e bearing the following inscrioti'
of formation. n u m b e r of m e n w h o h a v e j o i n e d Piece Jo not go to work in th't P'i,i
T h e r e afe many other matters until proper firm protection it P
A mass-meeting, held here on the 12th their respective Organizations and t h a t t h e C o m m i t t e e could r e p o r t on for the workpeople.
of March, has been .1 Brand success t h e n e w organizations which have t h a t t h e y h a v e o n h a n d w h i c h will Let the authorities find 01. I Trust
and manv people were turned back for been formed, prove conclusively b r i n g r e s u l t s , b u t w e feel t h a t it contrary to t h e Sherman A ,erabl«
want of sufficient* seating space The t h a t o u r efforts a n d t h e m o n e y t h a t Laws o r a n y o t h e r of the inn' Bthe in-
meeting has made a lasting impression would be unwise to make them pub-
h a s been sent in h e r e h a s n o t b e e n lic a t t h i s t i m e . laws provided t o safeguard I which
and has entailed much internal work of t e r e s t of t h e capitalists, an ady t°
organization. u s e d in v a i n .
W e a r e g r e a t l y h a m p e r e d in o u r the authorities a r e ever r eerfnllj
It a p p e a r s t o t h e C o m m i t t e e t h a t fight h e r e , m e r e s o t h a n in a n y city guard jealously. W e will «
OCR LOCALS IN C O N N E C T I C U T . it is p r o b a b l y b e t t e r t h a t w e h a v e throughout the United States, ow- g o t o prison b u t t h e r e will be
n o t been able t o g a i n a s p e e d y vic- fire t r a p s . S u c h * strike W'1 itr.ii
O r g a n , er A M Janow , VIC r k i n g in
ing t o t h e efforts of t h e S t r i k e - e n d t o such a stttte of •*-••
Connect i< ut St. te. w r i t e s thai he has t o r y o n a c c o u n t of t h e g r e a t s t r i d e s b r e a k i n g police, a n d t h e D e t e c t i v e 4 8 hours.
succeeded in r i >rga n i z i n g and b u i l d i n g w h i c h h a v e been m a d e in t h e m o v e - Department of Los Angeles. It
u p L o c a l 74 I-adies G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ment generally, that probably would has come to that point now, where
o f Hartf on! u Inch was n a state o f
T h e r e a r e in the same bui
n e v e r h a v e b e e n m a d e if w e w o u l d t h e police g o so far a s t o threaten n u m b e r of cloak shops, who
neglect. By us ing the m e t h o d s o f o r -
ganization prevailing in New York, and h a v e b e e n successful right a w a y . t h e m e n o n t h e p i c k e t line t o t h e the general strike, worked
organizing by shop meetings, the ma- T h e members here have had a e x t e n t ' t h a t t h e y will b r e a k t h e i r o'clock on Saturdays. Thank.
jority of the members who dropped out g r e a t o b j e c t lesson t a u g h t t h e m h e a d s o r k i c k t h e m off t h e s t r e e t i f c h a n g e i n the hours all these
of the organization, returned No doubt t h e y p a s s c e r t a i n p o i n t s in t h e vi-
that organizing by shop meeting is much through this strike, and they have 1 o'clock, otherwise the victim-
more successful than by mass meetings. a v a i l e d t h e m s e l v e s of t h e i r o p p o r - cinity of t h evarious struck shops. h a v e been more nomerou*.
THE LADIES' GARMENT WORKER
Rules and Plan of Procedure has the right to appeal to the Board if Section XVII of the Protocol, by either constitute a grievance against the party'—
dissatisfied with the decision of the employer or employee, shall constitute a to be presented to the Board of A r b l - ^ y
of t h e G r i e v a n c e clerks If the clerks fail to agree on a grievance to be presented to the Board tration.
verdict, the complaint, together with the of Grievances. If, after hearing, the
Committee. report of the clerks, setting forth their Board finds the defendant guilty, the NEGLECT O F DUTY ON THE
Established under the Protocal of Peace findings as to the facts, shall be pre- order of the Board shall lie made the PART OF MEMBERS OF T H E
between the Cloak, Suit and Skirt sented at the next meeting of the Board, basis of prompt discipline in the Asso-
If the reports of the clerks agree, the BOARD:
Manufacturers' Protective Association ciation or the Unions as the case may
and the various Local Unions repre- Board shall then dispose of the matter. be. Such discipline shall consist of a XXV. Neglect of duty on the part of
sented by the Joint Board. If issues are raised by the two reports, suitable fine or expulsion. T h e action so any member on the Board shall be a
I-"or brevity, the Manufacturers' Asso- the case shall be placed upon the calendar taken shall forthwith be reported in grievance to be presented to the Board
ciation is herein referred to as the "Man- for trial, and the issues shall be the writing to the Board of Grievance of Arbitration.
ufacturers," the Local Unions and Joint issues thus raised by the reports of the
clerks At the time of trial both sides All names of candidates for member- DISQUALIFICATION OF MEM-
Hoard a r e referred to as the "Unions," ship in the Association shall be submit-
and where both parties are meant they shall he heard and both parties shall BERS:
offer their proofs, and the Board shall ted by the latter to the Unions before
are referred to as the "Parties." the admission of such candidates, In X X V I . No member of the Board In-
receive and consider them. The Board terested in a case shall sit in review
shall refer disputed questions of fact to order to afford such Unions an oppor-
T H E BOARD O F GRIEVANCES: tunity to acquaint the Association with thereof.
any sub-committee of the Board, equally
I. Immediately upon the adoption of constituted from both parties, who shall the records of such candidates in respect FAILURE TO ATTEND MEETINGS
these rules and plan of procedure, tnc report their decisions in writing to the to the conditions of their factories and OR R E F U S A L T O V O T E :
members of the Grievance Committee, Board. If both parties agree the decision their treatment of employees. XXVII Any member of the Board
appointed pursuant to the Protocol of shall be final; but in case any question failing to attend a meeting of the Board
Peace, shall constitute themselves into of principle is invoked in the decision, POSTING O F THESE NOTICES: or refusing to vote in a case heard by
a Board, and shall thereafter be known the party deeming itself aggrieved may XIX. Copies of the three preceding him. shall furnish such explanation, or
as "The Board of Grievances." take an appeal to the Board of Griev- aragraphs and of Section XVII of the in case it shall be deemed inadequate by
Hereafter in these rules it will be re-
ferred to as the "Board."
ances, which appeal shall he heard by the
Board of Grievances, as any other mat-
f'rotocol in English, and translations
thereof in Italian and Yiddish, shall lie
either party, the matter may tie pre
II. The Board shall immediately ter presented to them. posted in every shop of the Manufac- ntcd t the Board nf Arbitration by
elect two chairmen, one from each side, turers, and in all of the meeting rooms the n:i- ved party. rither through its
of the Unions, immediately upon the I or through it officers.
who shall preside alternately, for two
w ecks DECISION'S: adoption of this plan.
XII. A majority vote shall be neces- APPEALS:
sary to a decision. Both sides shall have XXVIII. Either party deeming
TERM OF OFFICE: M A T T E R S FOR T H E B O A R D O F itself aggrieved may appeal to the Board
an equal number of votes. In the event
III. These officers shall hold office for of a failure to arrive at such decision, ARBITRATION: of Arbitration from any order or deci-
one year, or until their successors arc the issues undecided shall be immediately XX. Matters for the Board of Arbi- sion made by the Board of Grievances,
elected. framed and presented to the Board of tration, ( a l If the Board of Griev- otice thereof to the clerks
npoi days after the service of
Arbitration, as hereinafter provided. ances shall find after the hearing of any
OFFICE OF CLERKS: case before it. that it cannot arrive at will i thirty ich order or decision
py of s
JV. T h e clerks shall hold office for ORDERS A N D E N T R I E S O F DECI- a decision in accordance with the rules the
one year until their successors are SIONS: herein provided, it shall immediately re ORDER OE BUSINESS:
elected Each clerk shall appoint as X I I I . All decisions of the Board shall quest the Board of Arbitration to con XXIX U ml fun he vised, the
many deputy clerks as shall be required be reduced to writing and orders thereon vene and hear the case. Wherever order of bus of the BCM rd shall I *
for the expeditious transaction of the shall be entered by the clerks. practicable it shall reduce the issue to an as follows :
business of the Board. agreed statement of facts, or prepare
The filing of an order with the clerks and submit for decision specified ques- 1. Report of clerks idjusted mat-
Upon the written request of any mem- shall constitute notice to each party.
bers of the Board of Grievances a com- tions. So far as practicable it shall re
lieve the Hoard of Arbitration of the New mnlaint!
mittee of two, consisting of members of DUPLICATE RECORDS: Old uplaints adjou d fc
the Board of Clerks or Deputy Clerks, necessity of taking testimony upon the
X I V . All records of the Board shall disputed questions of fact.
one representing each side, shall visit be kept in duplicate by the clerks, one to nted
any shop for the purpose of ascertaining Tria
be filed with the Manufacturers and one Ma' the Board of Arbi-
whether the provisions of the Protocol to be filed with the Unions. G E N E R A L A B U S E S OR GRIEV-
are being observed, and report on the A N C E S : (10 If the Board of Gricv tration
onditioiis of such shop to the Board. SANITARY MATTERS- ances shall find any general grievances Matters for Co
V. A ch airmai i shall pres ide at all XV. T h e Board will not consider any or abuse, which either party has failed, I, M O R R I S H I L L Q U I T . secretary of
meetings. grievances relating to sanitary conditions. after due opportunity to correct, or if the Board of Arbitration of the Cloak,
These should he addressed to the Board either party fails adequately to discipline Suit and Skirt Manufacturers Protec-
QUORUM: of Sanitary Control. members found guilty by the Board of tive Association and Cloakmakcrs'
Grievances, such matters may be pre- Union, hereby certify that the foregoing
VI. The Boar< 1 shall con si st of Ave is a true and complete copy of the rules
members fr om ea ch side. Tr irec ir icm- W R O N G F U L D I S C H A R G E O F EM- sented by the party aggrieved to the
and plans of procedure of the Board of
hers from c:ich pat ty (the Man ufactn rers P L O Y E E OR D I S C R I M I N A T I O N : Board of Arbitration for redress, either Grievances under the Protocol of Sep-
and the I .'nion' - shall C O ! I S t l l l l t < ; a XVI. If the grievance arises because through its counsel of through its tember 2nd, 191(1, as amended and set-
quorum of the B< .ard. of the wrongful discharge of an em- officers, and the hearing', thereon shall be the said Board of Arbitration
ployee, or because of discrimination on public. tied h
R E G U L A R MF.i- T I N G S the part of the employer, the finding of New York, March 11th. 1911.
CONFERENCE OE BOTH PARTIES Dat
V I I . Tin p Boa rd shall meet regu!larly the Board in favor of the employee shall
at dcsignatt •d ant 1 appoirited times and entitle him to back pay, in full, during C A L L E D BY T H E BOARD O P MORRIS HILLQUIT.
places once a we ek M. ctiriL ;s ma1.• be the period of his non employment, [lend- GRIEVANCES * Secretary.
postponed h y muli tal cons. •m ai id rcc ••T'.U ing bearing and determination of the
grievance. XXI. Whenever, in the opinion of
"f such pos Iponei nent sli;til b< • reco:rded the Board of Grievances, a general sit-
"it the min utes. uation arisen requiring adjustment by
S H O P S T R I K E , L O C K O U T OR GEN- both organizations or revision or
.-FECIAL MEETINGS ERAL REFUSAL TO WORK: amendment of the Protocol, it shall call
V I I I . Sriccial i neeting* ii f the B.nard XVII If a grievance-arises necause a conference of both organizations by
-hall 1,.- i-a lied 0 nlv in v ascs of ei ner- of the general stoppage of work of a duly authorized representatives to con-
i'rnry. or i where prompt or inline liatc shop or department of a shop, either In- sider and discuss such matters. If such
• tion is w •cessai v. and may be called direction of thr employer or because oi conference fails to agree, the situation
. the chai:rnian i >i eithe r sirt e.
\LE\DAR
or by the concurrent direction of the em-
ployee, upon complaint received, the
shall be presented to the Hoard of Arbi
tration for adjustment, pursuant to the
terms of the Protocol.
Care for Your Eyes
clerks, or their deputies, shall imme-
IX. The Board shall have a regular diately proceed to the shop or depart- Wc correct all cases of Eye-
iliiidar at each regular meeting. T h e ment where the tremble occurs. If the VIOLATION O F T H E S E RULES Strain. I'roiicr glasses will Ease
• ,r ks shall prepare a calendar of cases employer i> responsible tor the stoppage,
be disposed of, and such cases shall be he shall, upon the demand of the clerks. XXII Failure to observe any ot TFIC. your work and give you comfort.
M'osed of in regular order, unless or their deputies, immediately recall all provisions of this plan and rules shall Glasses Made and repaired
• • cial rules be made by the Board his employees, pending the adjustment by constitute a grievance to he iried»before
the Board of any grievance he may have. the Hoard while you wait.
KDER O F T R I A L : and be shall thereupon frame and pre C O M P L A I N T T O T H E HOARD O F Factory on premises.
V Cases shall be placed upon the sent Ins grievance; if the employees are Examinations : 8 to 9.30. Sunday,
responsible for I he stoppage, notice shall ARBITRATION.
'•tidar in the order in which they are
"ived. i. e., in the order of the daje be immediately given to them to return X X I I I . Failure to respond in due 9 to 1.
to work pending adjustment of the course to any notice given by the clerks
the tiling of the complaints. shall constitute a grievance to be tried
grievance by the Board and the chair-
•ALS A N D H E A R I N G S : man of the Price Committee shall mime before this Board- Repeated violations
dialcly direct them to return to work. shall be the basis of complaint to_i!,e
' 1 No case shall be taken up by the Board of Arbitration
"I until a complaint is filed in
"ig As soon as a complaint is filed
clerks or their deputies shall make
V I O L A T I O N OI- P A R A G R A P H XV11 FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH fw.ll6*St^
O F T H E PEACE PROTOCOL: ORDERS OE T H I S BOARD:
• v effort to adjust the controversies,
e clerks agree their decision shall be XVIII A violation of the provision X X I V . Failure to comply with any N.Y.
• tug on both parties, hut either party of Section XVII of these rules or of decision or order of the Board shall At above address since 1904.
Manufacturers using our H. FRANK & CO., 33 W. 17th St, New York
Union Label on Waists SAM GROSSMAN, & CO., 37 E. 17th St., N. Y.
T H E L A D I E S ' G A R M E N T WORKER 1
N A M E S A N D ADDRESSES 30. Albany, N. Y., Ladies' Tailors phy, Sec'y., 1119 6th St., Headquarters, 184 V
O F LOCAL SECRETARIES. and Dressmakers—A. Rosen- N. W . St.
BUSINESS A G E N T S AND blatt, Sec'y., 119 Arch St. 60. Troy, N. Y., Ladies' Tailors— 80. Bridgeport, Conn., Lad
HEADQUARTERS: 31. St. Louis, Mo., Cloak & Skirt V. Smith, Sec'y., 1617 7th & Dressmakers—M.
M a k e r s — II. Cornblect, St. Sec'y., 67 Olive .->t
1. N. Y. Cloak & Suit Operators— Sec'y., 920 N. 17th St. 61. Montreal, Canada, Cloak & 81. Cloak & Suit Outer
B. Fried, Sec'y., Headquar- 32. Peekskill, N . Y., Underwear Skirt Pressers—S. Laben- of Chicago—Geo >
ters, t2i E. 18th St. Workers — Mary Martin, son, Sec'y., 158 St. Lawrence Sec'y., 2115 Fletcher
2. Philadelphia. Pa., Cloak & Skirt Sec'y., 118 Grant Ave. Bould. 82 Kalamazoo, Mich , 1
Makers—M. Sandler, Sec'y., 33. Atlantic City, N. J., Ladies' 62. N. Y. White Goods Workers— Workers — Geo \
1848 Monmouth St.; Max Tailors—J. Rosen, Sec'y., A. Lifschitz, Sec'y.. 264 Sec'y., 2101 James Si
Amdur, Organizer, Head- n8'/2 Georgia Ave. Henry St.
quarters, 36 N, 9th St. 63. Cincinnati Ooakmakers — M.
4. Baltimore, Md., Ooakmakers— 34. Baltimore, Md., Ladies' Tailors Grobefker, Sec'y., 502 Chest- Amalgamated Garment Cut-
A. Rotkowitz, Sec'y., Head- D. Lieberman, 1726 Eastern
Ave. nut St.. Newport. Ky. ter*, Local 10.
quarters, 1110 E. Baltimore
St. 35. N. Y. Pressers—Union, Head- 63. Cincinnati Skirt Makers, Sub- The cutting end of the tr.- :•• :r, -\„
quarters, 228 Second Ave. Local—Rac Seaman, Sec'y.,
8. San Francisco Ooakmakers 2897 W. 6th St. Association houses is in a »••• , ...|,
—R. Jarre, Sec'y., Headquar- 36. Boston, Mass., Ladies' Tailors 63. Cincinnati, Pressers, Sub-Local hound tion than any other hr.iti.-i
to he in the future nmr- ,.,
:• „
-I ..
ters, 925 Golden Gate Ave. —I. Paris, Sec'y., Headquar-
ters, 2 Lovering PI. —Sam Ilochhauser, Sec'y., in the past if I-ocal No. 10 wii: v .• .|:,
9. N. Y. Cloak & Suit Tailors— 1032 Cutler St. play greater intelligence in at-.-, !(..„• 1.
A. Guyer, Sec'y., Headquar- 37. Cleveland, Ohio, Pressers—Sam 64. N. Y. Buttonhole Makers—H. their business. Of course Mi- -.. -,; n.^
ters, 113 E. 10th St. Tauber, Sec'y., 2364 E. 37th the Joint Board or the Intern n..i,..
St. Weiner. Sec'y., Headquar- Union. It is SO easy to blattir •••' u : .,
10. N. Y. Amal. Lad. Gar. Cutters ters, 85 E. 4th St. your own folly.
Philip Weiss, Sec'y., Head- 38. N . Y. Ladies" Tailors—D. 65. Carmel. N. J., Ladies' Gar- The appointment of the f-Mi- ,<|.!i
quarters. 8 E. 17th St. Bernstein, Sec')'., Headquar- ment Workers—Fannie Her- tional business agents making .1 ••,•;!! , :
11. Brownsville, N. Y., Cloak & ters, 43 E. 22nd St. six, will certainly enlarge the .•\;„i.r
der, Sec'y., Carmel, N. J. of the Organization, but lb.-. 1. •»
Skirt Makers—M. Finkel- 39. N. Y. Petticoat Makers—A. 67. Toledo. Ohio, Cloak & Skirt reason to think that their lm.iv .. »i
stein, Sec'y., Headquarters, Dlugyn, Sec'v.. 63 Gratten Makers—Julius Weingarten, now be better attended, not m -! •• Va-
1705 Pitkin Ave. St., Brooklyn,' N. Y. Sec'y., 809 Elm St. riation houses.
12. Hoston, Mass., Cloak Pressers 40. Springfield, Mass., Ladies' 68. Brownsville, N. Y., Cloak & been The Grievance Committer ! ,>in*
in operation for *e\en nvn-K 'i.t
—Max Fcinberg, Sec'y., 41 Tailors—H, Schaffer, Sec'y., Skirt Pressers — M e y e r members of Local No. 10 4rmui<l kn> »
Anderson St. 74 Boylston St. Brass, Sec'y., 93 Thatford especially the officers, thai r l . i - j , . m
13. Montreal, Can., Cloak & Skirt 41. Brownsville, N. Y., Wrapper Ave. not be brought up at the men mi; ••! tJ-r
Makers—S. Gerfin, Sec'y., M a k e r s — B. Lebofsky, 69. Philadelphia, Pa., Cloak & Grievance Committee before l»-'ij '-IK
wies the Clerk. Instead of hiidi'ig t.nil:
175 Elgin St. Sec'y., Headquarters, 1727 Skirt Finishers—Max Black, with the officers of the Itiirrti.iu.nMl
14. Toronto, Ont., Cloak Makers— Pitkin Ave. Sec'y., 543 N . 6th St. Union or the Joint Board,
J. WelkofTsky, Sec'y., 32 42. Cleveland, Ohio, Cloak Cutters 71. Chicago, III., Ladies' Tailors— should rather take the tr-. .( .1.
PER LA NOSTRA ganizzazione. Questo e un problema ti d "esser divenuti soci anche a tal sviltippo della nostra organizzazione.
AZIONE FUTURA ehe ha eonfrontato di soventi i lea- prezzo. Ma vi sono molte opportunity di
Oontemplfltiflo il nmraviglioso Bvi- ders e gli organizzatori dell© piu Quel cho determine il desiderio eui essi debbono approfittare: essi
luppo di questa nostra unione che e grandi ed influenti unioni d'lnirhil- dell'operaio di entrar nell'unione e debbon pensare al future tanto quan
riivenuta la maraviglia e 1 'orgoglio ferra e d'America e che li ha con- di rimanervi, non e l'ammontare to al presente; ed i> loro dovere chia-
del proletariat organizzato dal- dotti ad adottare un sistema di quo- irrosso o minimo delle quote, ma bon- mar 1 'attenzione dei membri delle
1'East Side, il nostro pensiero si di- te elevate e di assieurazioni di vari sl la somma di utilita e di vantaggi loro locali su questo problema ad o-
rijre al future immediate; e vorremmo henefici. Irasformando cosi Icnta- pratiei che 1'Unione pu6 assicurar- pni adunanza.
rivolgere una domanda ai nostri con- mente il piu di esse unioni in gran- gli. Sarebbe imperdonabile se noi ne-
soci, agli uffleiali locali ed ai lea- di istituzioni di beneficenza. 8e 1'Unione inspira fiducia, se i gligessimo la splendida opportunity
ders : che cosa dobbiamo fare per Senza dubbio, fra eoloro che non membri di quella sentono che possono ehe, in seguito al nostro sviluppo tiu-
render* duralnra e permanente la sono direttamente connessi con la esser da essa aiutati in tempo di bi- merico, ci si offre per provare e raf-
vittoria acqtiistata a cosi caro prez- vita e con 1 'attivita delle Trade U- sogno, non vi sono difflcolta al pa- forsare la nostra posizione interna.
zot nion, vi sono dei critici contrari al- gamento della quota; ma se la fidu- Noi dobbiamo introdurre un siste-
E ' generalmente noto che l'ele- 1 'effettuazione dei principi del mutuo cia nella unione e scossa, se il socio ma di beneflci e cosi aasicurare l'in-
mento dal quale reclutiamo i nostri soccorso. Per essi. il pagamento di ba il dubbio che ITJnione non possa teressamento dei nostri membri. 1^
soci, risponde facilmente all 'appello. alte quote che garantisce ccrti bene- essergli utile, ,vi e in lui 1 'inclinazio-
nostra unione non deve soltanto pro-
L 'immigrato ebreo prontamente fiei, tende a ritardare il progreaso ne a non pagar le quote, sieno esse teggere i suoi membri sul lavoro, ma
percepisce i vantaggi della organiz- della organizzazione militante sulla alte o basse. deve anche assisterli in tempo di bi-
zazione di mestiere. Egli sa che essa via del miglioramento delle condi- E poi c'e un'altra considerazione: sogno e di miseria; noi dobbiamo in-
eostituisce un modo d 'investimento zioni economiche. Ma quest'obiezione le quote alte rendono 1 'unione flnan- nalzare 1'unione al livello di paree-
sicuro e profittevole, e quindi entra non ha peso presso il Trade Unioni- ziariamente sana e confldente nella ehie altre organizzazioni di mestiere
nell TJnione all 'inizio stesso del mo- sts professionale. L'esperienza di sua potenza e nelles sue risorse, men- americane ed inglesi.
vimento per 1'organizzazione. eoloro che sono addentro al movi- tre le basse la tengono in uno stato Si comincift bene coll'spprovare al
C'e tuttavia una difflcolta: men- mento e che di questo hanno fatta di poverta e di impotenza. eongresso di Boston la seala gradua-
ire e facile indurlo ad entrare nel- la loro speciality, li conduce a con- Torniamo quindi al punto da eui te di beneflci in easo di morte; ma
1'Unione, e difficile di tenercelo, e clusioni diverse. Essendo stati inape- ei partimmo: La nostra unione deve fino ad ora soltanto un eentinaio de-
questo e il problema che ancora non gnati per anni nello sforzo di assi- approfittare della esperienza acew- gli 80,000 inscritti ha approflttato
ha potuto risolvere nessun organiz- corar l'esistenza della organizzazio- mulaa dalle Unioni americane, ingle- della nostra eccezionale ofFerta di
zatore e nessun leader dell'East Si- ne e di renderla invincibile, hanno si, tedesche ed italiane e prender le una assicurazione di $500 contro il
de. trovato praticamente che il mntuo misure piu adatte per renderla for- pagamento inflmo e solo del premlo
Indubbiamente una delle cause di soccorso e sorgente di forza e con- te non solo numericamente, ma an- di 50 c. La cansa di qnesta indiffe-
q'.iesto' fenomeno e il fatto che la servazione di potenza; il che non pu6 che nella sua possibility di ottenere renza e da trovarsi semplieemente
esser negato da nessun volume di il bene per i propri membri. nella negligenza degli uffleiali locali
maggior parte dei mestieri nei quali
eui dovere sarebbe stato di chiedere
sono occupati gli immigTati ebrei so- teorie e di ragionamento speculative Qrazie ad una serie di rimarehe-
ai membri di riempire i moduli per
n'i mestieri di stairione. specialmente, Superflcialmente non e difficile voli eventi, quali la storia del movi-
la domanda e di pagar la tassa di re-
fra L'li altri. il nostro mestiere, Le u- provare che per un operaio e piu fa- mento proletario ha registrato di ra-
gistrazione di 50 c
ninni di qnesti mestieri soggetti a cile pagan 5 soldi che 25 alia setti- do, le nostre unioni locali si sono svi-
•riodi di mancanza di lavoro, per mana; tuttavia l'esperienza dimo- luppate, da insigniflcanti qual'erano, Se le informazioni che abbiamo
'•into forti. non possono non risen- stra che essi pagano con buona vo- in organtzEazioni potenti ed este- non sono errate, alcune delle nostra
re l'effetto della impossibility di lonta e con maggior regolarita le se. Ma dobbiamo noi dare alia orga- locali desiderano un eongresso spe-
pn?are regolarmente le loro quote in quote piu alte. nizzazione nostra nh earattcre stabile ciale per discntere qnesti ed altri
'"u-. si trovano molti membri nel pe- Nel numero precedente comparve e duraturo cosi da renderla immune import an ti fatti; ma noi dobbiamo
nn rapporto di Sandler, segretario di da qualsiasi attacco e tanto forte da rammentar loro che non si possono
ri do di disoccupazione; e. quando
resistere alle tempeste delle stagioni inaugurare sistemi di mutuo soccorso
la -tagione del lavoro ricomincia, finanza della Locale 2, Cloackmakers
morte e delle erisi economiche T Qua- senza rialzare la quota mensile, •
T"H soci eono cos! arretrati nelle di Philadelphia, nel quale e fatta
li misure debbon prender i nostri questo non pud essere determinato
T"''« che gpesso, piuttosto %h© pa- l'ardita diehiarazione che i soci di leaders ed official! locali per effet- da nessun eongresso, poiche, secon-
si le. rompono ogm comumcazione quella locale pagano volentieri la tuare tutto ci6t do il nostro statuto, qualsiasi propo-
'"'• ITJnione. quota settimanale di 25 soldi. Anni
sta di anmentan la tassa individua-
Anche nei mestieri meglio orga- indietro, quando la quota settimana- Veramente i leaders sono in questo
le mensile deve essere sottoposta al
l:7
'ati avvengono talvolta delle d r - le della stessa unione non superava i momento sovra earichi di lavoro;
referendum generals dei nostri soci.
''"'nnze che rendono impossibile alle 5 soldi, era difficile tenere uniti po- diffleolth di direzione interna, me-
In eoncluaione, noi desidexiamo £
' '»ni di intraprendere qualsiasi che ventine di soci. Ugualmente i schine dispute di laboratorio li con-
imprimcr nella mente del nostri
"imento per migliorar le eondizio- cloak e skirtmaker di New Tork non front ano; e su loro si e rovesciata
membri 0 fatto ehe, le grandi orga-
riusciravano a pagan la tassa d'en- una valanga di lavoro di "routine"
conomiehe dei loro membri. In nizzazioni di mestiere di Europe e di
trata di 50 c.; ora pagano pronta- immediatamente eonnesso eon i loro
""> periodi e necessario eereare al- America, dopo pareccbi anni di e-
mente 10 e 15 Bcudi e sono soddisfat- ufflci locali, a causa appunto dello
' nezzi per legare i membri alia or-
10 THE LADIES' GARMENT WORKER
aperimenti pratici. sono venute a ri- voro in questi 1500 casi e assai piu modi di attivita e difesa locale sono esagerata. Noi siamo sicur, n „ . . a
conoscere che non c possibile ritene- semplice trattando con un ente e Pa~ superati. II problema non puo esser non molto parecchie farannn rii,, r , 0
re i soci soltanto per i miglioramen- dronale, e rendendo la Cloak Manu- risolto da pocho locali di New York al luogo donde partirono.
ti ottenibili nel mestiere; e ehe per facturers Association responsabile che creano un fondo per la difesa; Soltanto la qualita inferior.* i,.,,),
raggiungere quello scopo devonsi ef- collettivamente per le eondizioni esi- questo devc esser creato per scopi artieoli pu6 lavorarsi con uu -i.;,.,, a
fettuare varii sistemi di mutuo soc- stenti nei loro laboratorii. nazionali c non locali, un fondo che di suddivisione del lavoro en - . I h r s .
corso. Percid la nostra unione, consi- ••• possa essere usato in ogni centro del- zione da parte di operaie in,a••",-. „
stente di immigrati da diversi paesi. la industria dei cloak e skirts. poco capaci. La miglior quali'., ,1,...
L'esperienza in altre industrie
che non hanno ne la praties n6 l'a- Gli artieoli ehe produciamo non esser fatta in un centro dove . , .,»
quali la vetraria, edilizia e pareccbi
bitudine alia organizzazione di me- sono di uso locale, il loro mercalo o ahbondanza di lavornnti e<.|i,.r«. ,
altri niestieri, ha dimostrato che do-
stiere, e cbe qnindi formano un ele- grande quanto il continente america- (love la irusrnizione di fanta.,., .,,..
ve i padroni sono organizzati, sono
mento di instability, deve seguire il no. sa trovnrsi fncilmpMte La ."•.• . rr,-r.
pure organizzati i lavoratori, col re-
loro esempio. II creare un grosso fondo per par- za di citta vicine e stnta n „ \ „^H.
gultato che gli scioperi sono piu ran
Dobbiamo aumentar le quote e si- te di pocho locali d'una citta. e la- gerata.
e migliori le eondizioni del lavoro.
stemare in modo che possano esscr
••• sciar tutti gli nltri eentri indifesi non •••
pagati diversi benefici. serve al proposito dei membri che Recentemente alruni dei n<«iri
Il trattar con una associazione in- crearono detto fondo. leaders ebbero paura rloi bfinl*.'. nj p
vece che con un individuo ha il van-
NOTE DI ATTUALITA' disturbatori che stanno ccnaniln ||
taggio che vol siete liberi dagli scio- II regime di New York devp dive- male nella unione e nei suoi ,:'fi,ia.
Consiraile esempio di unionismo a peri dei piccoli laboratorii. Nel no- nire il regime nazionale della Cloak )i. II Joint Board credcttc •,. r.i-s.a-
mezzo cottura leggiamo in un foglio stro mestiere questi piccoli scioperi e Skirts Trade, e cio non avverra fi- rio di spingersi fino alia uuhMics
operaio di Londra, nel quale lo scrit- sono assai piu dannosi per la orga- no a quando il fondo di difesa non zione di nn articolo di fondo m>ll»
tore passa lungamente in rivieta 1 'at- nizzazione di quanto pu6 credere potrft divenire nazionale. Fino a che "New P o s t " dando cosl un indchitu
tivitii della nostra International U- 1 'osservatore estraneo. Essi assorbo- le ore di lavoro in altri eentri saran-
•^ignificato a tutto cio.
ninn, no le energie della unione e ne im- no piu lunghe ed i salari piu bassi
Fra l'altro esso fa la seguente di- poveriscono la cassa e, anche quan- che in New York, non saranno raai •••
chiarazione: do si vinee, il guadagno e quasi nien- sicurc le migliorie che ottenemmo nel II nostro pro'.'rnmma non dovirh-
"Noi abbiamo paura che con que- te. I 'ultimo sciopero. per quanto possa be mni lasciarsi influenzare dai di-
sto continuo trattare con i padroni ••• esser grande il fondo di difesa delle sturbatori o dai malcontent!.
per mezzo del cosl detto Grievance locali di New York. "Non ei laseiamo distoslierc ilal
D'altra parte se noi trattiamo con
Committee, i rappresentanti del la- un ente padronale dobbiamo prepa- ••• nostro dovere da false accns,. coiitro
voro deviino dalla retta via dell'u- di noi. ne spaventarei dalle mi- accie
rarei per uno sciopero generale o per Cleveland, Philadelphia, Baltimore
nionismo". di distruzione del governo.
un generale lock-out. Per ora non c'9 e Boston sono assai piu pericolose
Perche dovrebbe un corpo di rap- Abbiamo fede ehe il dirilto fa la
timoro di niente di tal genere. Quel per noi che le poche fabbriche che i
presentanti, trattando con un corpo forza ed in questa fede abbiamn
che abbiamo bisogno di nn altro membri della Associazione hanno a-
di padroni, esser phi soggetto a de- 1 'audacia di fare il nostro dovere,
mezzo milione di dollari bella nostra perto nelle vicinanze di New York.
viare dalla via retta, di quanto lo quale noi lo intendiamo. lino alia fi-
cassa. E ' impossible che la lezione La affermazione del grande esodo
possa un rappresentante individual ne".
dell 'anno scorso possa esser facil- delle fattorip da New York e molto
delle unioni quando tratta con un (Abramo Lincoln).
niente dimenticata.
rappresentante individuate del pa-
drone; ci6 e piu di quanto noi pos-
siamo comprendere.
Le societn fra i padroni sono un
risultato dello sviluppo delle eondi-
.DrpTTpD3TD WMJ TS D j n s
Lo scrittore prosegue: Noi siamo zioni industriali moderne come le u-
convinti che una organizzazione di nioni di lavoratori. E ' tanto stupido
mestiere forte e potente debba ten- per queste il cercar di uccider quelle -iys J-N .DTiBp ijjcBnpDsiD 100 -iyi« 50 jyEPip-iyB |*;r;" V-'T
dere a rompere e dividere 1 'organiz- o di non tenerne conto quanto per i .""80 J"'K ^"IBB ]J?tD83JJ- , - I'S r ' "
zazione dei padroni". padroni il cerear di distruggere le "\yits tssnpyjDVK t»N D>' |pl7yTi p» ,a»£5 CCKTI ^ ( p ~t& s
Scempiaggine! Quanto pift forte unioni. Invece di sciupar le loro for- I^K in ,1382-iys ^Bjysyjnyea'K cyi JIB ]JJC{53 n>'" z~"'*~':
1'unione dei padroni e tanto piu for- ze nel dannegciarsi reciproeamente ijny DNB-CCK" tytyn .csnj^yo cyinyv 8 -\"\'r, ?;-& ";"*
te la nostra, I.a nostra migliore atti- sarebbe assai piu saggio il cercare .DTi8p"!8c,e,-ipc2,,c 100 Bes'ipnya iniK ]yr, yx n'c jya"; r^'S":
vita e 1'organizzazione dei nostri pa- una intcsa. n^«: 8 TIN TI« ,DTi8p'|8 'B,"ipDaiD 50 -I«B , r n s tyw'ti "V"
droni. I.a sua stessa esistenza in- ••• lytsBinsyB^n ystyr n E^D n ' ^ P " ! ^ TVB8° T s "*13,2KD r c 8 " 5" !? "s
flnisce sugli operai per farli aderir La n,ota saliente dei discorsi pro- • m a jytDtsny cyi ^ I N in ,D8"i38J8D 'V'" * i'
maggiormente alia unione pift di nunciati al recente banchetto della ytsi: ]ine ",x C'njyjy^ya yeu 8 "lyacyo nynys C8" 8T'8 cs';"
. qualiinque ammontar d propaganda
ed agitazione. Di fronte ad un accor-
Clonk Buyers Association fu 1'orga- ."nypi8n Bayers ci"1?* cyi i8£ ^"-"^
nizzazione dei lavoratori. Ci6 £ si-
do fra padroni, l'operaio istintiva-
.t2"3n8 ijn ix jyonya oiyaoyo jnytj-,K "]v jy-s;
mente si attiene alia sua unione per
gnificante. Il discorso del Brandeis
rivela non solo una gran mente ma
-|8E'B,|npD2iD io yr"iTnyi ojJs'inyB p« ^xjy^s oyi DVK c r s
quanto le sue vedute possano esser anche un gran cuore. Sembra tutta-
t38n nni« jyn .oyi IBB iyjy^"K QIJ nni» tssnsT "r^j?3 f p •-"$?
corte. \ia ehe esso abbia cosl spaventato i ,DT18p 10 183 BJJS'TiyB pK $2.50 u UW Bpit? ,DT18p 10 H CS""*/'2
••• commensali da spinger il direttore ]yT"-iB IT jiN .Dinsp 1Q0 ijn8 50 tsfinpnye 08" I.TK f: '"8 ;,f{
La locale 25 (Waist Makers di dei discorei «d ammonire Mr. J. H. ! y i y s •;;:"'
New York) si troverebbe assai me- Cohen di non far referenza alcana JIB nycii cyi yw m .oyris p« ?yB*p ny"s DVK D^B 8" =8
glio se avesse accettata la projjosta nil'ultimo sciopero generale. Povera lyp't? i"N jy^yn T-D JIH ^Mpy^ ny^K pa |i« ,"p-iy3c>= '•*"*
di qualrhe influente persona, fatta gente, chi pu6 biasimarlit
al loro Executive Board durante il ••• Name
loro ultimo sciopero generale. di La discussione ora in corso nello
trattar con la Ladies Waist Manu- nostre locali riguardo al modo di rac Address .T
facturers Association alio scopo di coirliere il fondo per la difesa indica City -n
aistemare l'accordo collettivo fra i una dolorosa mancanza di perepica-
due enti. Local Secretary's Name
ria nei soci, dai quali ci aspettavamo
Oggi essi si trovcrebbero a dover una veduta piu larga e un interesse Con. Book No
trattare con un ente padronale in- pin generale nelle eondizioni della
veee the con laboratorii individuali.
nostra organizzazione. Pareccbi mem
•DiB8 ^ y j y t ? n DIX ix Bpiff JIK }8Bip jytyi arm c-"--'
••• bri non afferrano il signiflcato del-
-•••"•»- - — — — — — < 1- _s
— —• •*»»* n "
Nella Cloak Trade di New York vi la trasformazione che la nostra or-
sono piu che 1500 ditte, ed il proble- pnnizzazione ha subito nell'estate
ms di agginstar le eondizioni del la- georea. Non eomprendono che tutti i
lyprgv eaycitja oyp** T;T 14
^8H KTDHP
T B o5>5>«jn y^B03»«"iB
r.VK c c ^ E
WDTB arrraw^p jnsownya n
! C|MK BD8B
.BDfltW^p 153*151
D'D-IBB p« nytya ,numn L *» — D:N:ySy
tyajyviyB ix oon JJ-B-D jjanyts-
D w
/ / «% u ycDP'Dynya'N
-IKD yo'n: JIK yj"Sp OnOD BTPYDJ? 54"5()-58 pfi
OTBJmw JJi^iJ«nya ytsoya Dy'onBE p« nyVy- -numn Telephone, Orchard .5295
OnBD J7I24 BD*tf 85 .1"C CC'K 'T 1'K c'Jtjn TTja*^ H5,3^ ojn lyc.jyjjjj ray c»n
.rwrai* 4561 ,^tp?r= -apOBC DiyBKC y m y i " p y j ryryec
•'• ,CI<:K' .B . i t a i n n r u w i s ,IB>: ' ^
DW' jyayn B"? irav ii« .a^ans yacya n B : B D cnynjna yBBMi
.B«PB ,tjyjT«n .D ;pj"t -ipr'i .ijrejpjua | I N n u i n n I»n ,enyn:« ryaiy ^yB"^ p»,:v cyn |nif «ntjjp lyc^ip is P3iniw p'p
-JP'IB-.X BVEJK"HJJ .OJMt'3 1KI> \yi$- .cntBD ffmiiji 54—56—58 pH ,cnynjjna yec'ii "a twnp jyjyp »»t
ntsnp ." ojyrrrnyayc otjn - .="" .OTOJB-IBJ B"3i»njn"je' you pic aro'B yooya n
pe onnirDpjneuitB
EstabUshed 1 8 7 3 1873 Bjrunaja
DTyaaya p* Dyttfnya
,
"l*'3V o n w i n .D3«cyj ou oy5*
.B"3"1K
D" PDnR^Dn8.'' .D
;-« Barytyj PK i>«m»i nyty'n
nyBDjru nyn p« apmya
DBD8-1B lyjjnjyt - n^yj .B^mwyjjjnjrnms jyBoya DK cneo^BByn .DBJiapy «i»w DjnyBJ'K B^n»s
i»
DDyis r w ?
'TBD BjrKBR1? » 1 " 4 9
Tel-; 1729-1730 Franklin
S. Jarmulowsky's Bank, 54 Canal Street
pis" ra fD'HDO nayia 60 f ^»»o«p a r o m i isyoHi p« ^yr-o
13 nypv*n DJVD-IBJ Bpvb njn
B l y a B t s i v " t ivaifn i y n n c t n i B ' ,Diy3Dyo 700 inyDVSJiR PD ,W«JV PK y i " 3 y 3 R t V ' y a B ^ c - c - „ . - .
13'PB'i,, n D B I I P B i y i D3yDC"0 p «
D3KD n osnya ivai*n " t y » B j y > i n -yn pc pK , " D i y B D o y B „ p c (B'3V 10 DTiB B'>nyvy3 BBH i i m j n i r i a ' t "3BP y i y i 3 K '11 B"V - i ; - - . ' ..
- " i O ' 3 i B i j n .OP'HOD lyBinvo'iiB B T t ' 3 K 3 i B l y i w " t j y j ' M IB B ^ B B D3B'3i' " i i v y t n .myaoyo IJITT'W "DBP " 3 B^ySB' DBI PR . : ,• ; . ' .
fiowvn 3'V3ip pmya P K n»5i'?»» ,Djyocny : pynv l y B D ' o c y s B D ' B ya^K IR T t l y t f i i v BBny3 iyaBi .y5>Bi y o ' i u N - . _ 8 "
-a« IV^3'K v r t i j i ' 1 0 3 ' t 2 8 i n D - D -Jytyj D I K jyBipjyontiv B B B " t |jy*B -3'R B ww t'R n i m j n m a ' i •""^c -B3y 5yD"11V 11B BB.1 HB'l-: -
•IVD8BMV D3yB"iiv .jyijinaiyo iv T>BC8B" BBfiyJ BB'l P«< ,IB'XRP3K31B r W l y ^ i c ' i 5"-ii .noR i s K „.
t y a ^ o a y i f y a 8 a i n ' c y 3 " t lyaiffi BBnys B B H T.n-,yiB"'3 '"l ^ t » i ~ y o - i y D T ^ I P ' I B i n y t T ' B « - V ;>'-"• S -
K OP'BWV Dtfn |8B"'R'DBD8 H D3y?D D V D B I I . n n i n o p c C M B B ' W •RBCBP "UWlB " i n B'B BPKlBIBP » ,DB"3y!>yi I I B i i K B 2 i y i ^ - . . • - „ -
n I Y Bwn»"i I 8 > B i p i j r n p s V B S P - n p ny B3U?c [y^-iyco'iK c y 3 " K " 3 iv Byaa'^EBiyB T t B B H ya*>yii ,v: B'3 I K l ?y3B1D DIB- | " p y ?l «» _.'.- ..,,
" U ' W "1 IV D'3 B D " n 0 8 1 fitySV
BB^I i B J i J n P K ,iyi3n38 D i n " 3 jya ' t pR . o i y a o y o y i n ' R iB3 iy3'BByE-y3 DyDB3 y i y i 3 K " 3 i : y , - v . N -...
, • " ? « i y o " 3 i 8 H i v -it<: .lyDBaytyi
-^jyt n - i y i y i i B 3 y iy3ysy33B B.""K i y c y c s a y i y i 3 B p.B a i y i B B y s B B H n n B .0P"iDDy3 ^Bo y-R , ,,*-
iVDll |V>«t " t D B I .VD'2 i y i D'O
C3ya'-n . y i y i 3 8 3 8 ivitf m i n D y3 jysB'"1 T ^ i j y .|y33'.33'-iya jO'Sjny - y o y s ! " 5 K i y a " 3 i R <i n-rx- "-U
:3R .jyVusnya I 8 t n P K D « ' » ' O
- y i p K B-irvEy33"K B8ny3 " t \V2tfn - o 8 " 3 ejJBfnyc i y a 8 3 y ^ y i y i n ' R ly^is iyi I K D ;yB"3-« «"*..
-ya y D p y r i 3 ' R 18 D28oy3 » t iy:«jn
imMtv^m M*PBII H IV^UJ 33'3'I5>IB' -'DBCB l y t PK DyBD'B 31B3 PK 0'~ -"D83^KOK ' 1 tK ,11883 I j n PD 33'B B8ny3 B B " ' t BBH I K B i y i .;• > • ; - « -
: pB^n m a ,DB1 B D " H B i y i y 3 tJ"BPK1B .tyC'K BBH 11RB3 ' 1 .(yty^D'lR T ' $W t V B ; y 3 " t " t P K . t y j J i o n y j i v B i ' n ;•;"•"-•-
-3'^ciyc j y n y j p " " ' onyscyo H t s .iyci3y33B D'3 3 3 8 ^ I V D i y 3 ' t B i o y i .D3RB'n y i y t D'C l y - v ; - - -«.. ; ..
i y D " 3 1 B H t 8 ,D'3 iy3'1^3 I ' D ,
I W ' B c i v j y i y i 3 B o y i i y 3 " « ayB i y i PD D ' I I K n m y i B i 3 ' i P K *rviyi o ' E ^ o „ B B y i 3 „ yaD3-y " i ; • ; ; : ' „ "
j r t " 3 n C o D38py3 | y : " i | " 5 B
•pjniV 8 t 8 . D ' t ' l P PC B " V 8 t'K .11RB3 i j n P K ,3'3yiy3'R yP8D B - r s 2 3 8 «
V3?yv, . l y a y i B i y o j n » " > p n D ' c y o
jysysys " t B B H I B ' V B P 3 B 3 I B y3'Dyo Si tysyiiBDyi p c B B H I I R B 3 ' i -Rsy^yi ' i ty3y3y3 B B ^ OS-- . " « « ;
l y t j i K ir3V3 iyn'D'38 RonDo l y ^ y u
"JIB 3 ' 1 3 y " f , i B ' - l ' " t DB11 B3BD 8 PR , ^ R I B " 3 t y a ^ B m y B i v i , n a y i o t'R D B I .tyOB3 tyD3y^E' R - - ; - ;;.«
B'3 " t IJfjyP I ' l K .HpB |BB"'1D'318
-y3 B'3 Otfn .BTP3831B lyoBP^BD Diysoyo i i m y i B i s ' i as'i^iy B B H -".iv n p t f n o K pR 33i^i:Rr - . - « ;•'•;';
- j y e r o i K y e s y ^ ' i C O B38PV3 p ' t
D3'py3 "i<n» i y t 3 i 8 y s t y n p « p n .tnyBK"'3 03yp [yoRtiv ,-\yBVu> ' i :'R i y a " 3 i R i v ^y3B'B'"3iyB3'R ' 1 ,03B'31 s ';j-g-
"813 ' i i y 3 B .Diysoyo y i n ' R B'o -^8D8 ' 1 PR DiyD3"B l'B 1 — 1 - 8 - ;
- y R ' I l y p T ' T O H IB t " l i y 3 8 . T * -vi B'3 " I B J \V2$n D i y i p m n
- 3 y i y i D i v B'3 B'Diyt T t BB-I n m y i ,D'1R DP'11 Dy '11 .DiyB3"B •)!^"Z»>
•«K ,f«ipDTWB i n y o D'3 y38^ w o pK iy33i"iyiBB y i y t B^yBcys B B I
osnys B B H ' t . B i n y p i y o .a^yBB'ys j y n y j o i y B 3 " s i y a " 0 8 3 ? 8 t K - ••«
e:i*K ,,, K'DBDB DyDB3 3 0 D B I I D B I • » 5 P B y^B j y n .lyiB^pD «IJ'B yv;83
DCyOB'S 8 D>8 B3'3 ,, K1»B T t P ^ B n • i v JSI^VI^B jy3Bn iyBByn3yo I ' K \m - " T . V 3 " K [yoy^B B'D T t Ptfn D'llS 338D3B PB 11RR3 1JH PR jyCB-S-K
18383 PK 331^138" yB"BBBDyi IU3V3 -y3D'iK PR , i j n y i B y i y t ryBB^e-ys y i n ' R n B B H l y B y c yD'iiya p K . ' y o tR ,[y3y3Ri j y n y j i y c K P K : N ,-«
-yipyo n y t . i y B " 3 i 8 y i y t B P B ^ ' i o ' c i y B " 3 i 8 BtB*>y3 B'3 D i y s o y c i y i P D [yB83y^yi H |ytB?iv -x- ••;-,
-3ya i j n T > n ( y e n atB^ys B«J~ l y o PK , i y B " c R 3 ' ' 8 C K ' i P D o i y s c y o -3"B i i m y i B i s ' i P D r a : r : ^ r » -
*B3 *~ |VD i y ' 1 3 i y i '11 ' " 8 1V3B
-3B o y n o i s p R ^ i n TB , y o y i E i y r ' ^ I R C iyai3y33B T t B B H H R B 3 H j y n B8.iy3 tyv3K3 I ' R t y ; B ' i y ; - y v ,:-vs
-BBy3E"lK B'3 D38'3V ' 1 DlfH DJ/D
ty^yn "DiyBDey'B„ n p a jyo^sn "B13 ' 1 BBil ,IB'JP iyB"OK3?RBR ' 1 , c v n ' . T i .Diysoyo a i m ; ' . - v : - - y
P K BB-1 PK ,)'3yiyD3BP B i v D i y i
-iBP i y i .33nyiBB n y t t y r r v p m v yv3K3 ' i i y o " B i v jyDB'JB'ys n m y t iimyiBis 5yjB , B*y3iyB3'K •- B « -
- s s y ^ y i 3 3 ' P B I I n D T I B 3 3 ' K |yv383
l y B U f l i y J B ' l I B BBH P"1BD DiyB3ys .11RB3 - l y D ' i K P " I O D Dy3y33ir,y; 8 O—'Ey;
y a w s I B I P3 p n B n M S V N , P * B
, i y B " 3 i 8 u y t ' i B 10 B " 3 i 8 n y i p f l i j n p o l y i n ' s n iy3»n B " i i ' i t s T t lyaB'i oyDB3 H P R , P I B ' ••: : - B -
H ptasn ,mn»Dw RWrtuBmyD
ciyBDoya pc BIBPB^ i y i iy3B " t tR ,Byp y i y t j y i ' i ^ i y c i i m y i B i s -3'R T ! K lyS'DDyB'ys IV Byor'-ESH'E
18 D^B 038-iOy3 W 1 3 W i m DJB'JP
- " 3 1 8 13yt'lB 7 0 i y O B ^ y 3 D ' l R B B 1 -3R3 i y t iy3y3iv3B [ y o B ^ y s iy3Bn - o y o y i r t ' K 1B3 P I B ' I>3 : - » " I ; ;
-y3 ^ M yV383 H [y3BH PK , B 8 B ' B 5 I K
iyB5>8nyj3B B B H B I B P B ^ i y i .iya P'K PR .eiBOKP IJftH 1KD ' l l B - t y i B y v iyB"DR>^KBR ' 1 B B " DB~ .Z'K
•B2 ' i jysBn c y i n n s .lpu'i? o t t i ^
331Bt>BBtP B B3BCy3 BB'1 P'« IV3B1T 4 "B3 P B ,JJI?VI5B " t *y3Bn i y 3 i » o n ' i B ' i i ' i t R pK ,apyoB'y3 D'3 c i y s : " s
' i iv I B 3 B P ' B W I V a c i c ' i v o y i cyD
-y3 n P D D3B'3i' " i .Tirofa i y i p n - I B 1 0 y i y t tfn l y D i i y s D ' i i R , D ' B - 3 " K osnys i y 3 B i t y a 8 ; y > - r - K
. i y o " 3 i B yo3iyty3 p c D38'3v
ty3Bn , D ' I I B t y 3 " t i y B " 3 i B y o j i y ? -ye' yi'R i'R , P " I B B pK D i y s c y o i s y t 11RB3 ' 1 DB'I ,11RB2 I V I'K 3PB
• " i i f i y o p'li'D H T ' Btfn i < ^ 3 j r
p t f 3 iRii .lyByB 1 y j y P K I 5 " D R , i y s "Oy3 DBA ' t .BX'BB,iyB31K - s r , i 2 s •••
i n i l l V D D**n p « , B K " o y 3 3 " i 8 IBS' - c y ' B n P B 33iiyiBE n t y j ' i v y j p m v
T i K B " 3 i K y 3 iy3BH D i y s c y o y i y t -n'K y^K p " i B B PR i y E - y : r — K - -
jyo . o m v y i " a p e nyiyDSBP 8 " i i n y n i y 3 $ n l y i s ^ p o n PK B i y o o
-iv iyny3 p i i f P R o a t .iyapRiB3BP B"3iRy3 i y 3 B " ys^yn ,c*v:cv- r
- 8 " '"i B ' o b m n i B3Boy33» o i t n .jyoBye'yj i n y t B;ycyy3
y j ' y j i w s 8 t » .DyoB3 n I R D *3yo . i i . n y i B " i 3 i y i p o D-i': 1 :;-: - B-=
H ['K j y ^ B ' " i t 8 tyBB3y?yT 33'p n y c p-iBBtr l y s s B B H n t r y o n
B3ypys B ' 3 i n y o " t j y a s n P'BPBB P " 1 B D « D i n y ^ p i y B B I "• , o = " ' =»-
D3B'3V 18 .IVDiUUJIf B'3 DyB'CBP ' 1 ,D1BBP81B3BP M'*I?»a H iyDB"n - i K ' i tysy3 i B 3 ,oyDB: -~ ' w D 1 ;
a i ' B D ' t p y B ^ B o y i B B H By .ty3B"iBiyB
n y B l y i i w V3»IVB3BP Din I M K iy3"t - i y t y y m y i |j*3B*i y s J y n ByDB3 1 R ^ ' D B piB* i y 3 " t DyDB: " " » " ! ' - ' • :
' 1 B8* ,3l5ip D i i n ^ a K P1B' P3 PK
t « " t ty33i^38myE n P K .jyoBio '11 T J ' l t B .B3'BDycy3 IB'V8t'3B3"IB .Jyi3n'n-iig; r s - ;vi-:
l y s m y B ai^p i y 3 ' t B i o y i p e ya'CBP
.;yi8ny3 Bnn'cy3 B " K " B 1 B B 3 « « i n y t B3ycyy3 iy3Bn jyiB'JpB ^ s n y B s c n
- m 2 tysBn j y a B " 3 p f l «IMS*IPB P K pie* B i m ? ' 3 ' i tva"T . t y i y i B y i y t T t 0 8 ^ By pK ,DyBB3 ' 1 PD 33'B'D 8 ."yp'^P„ y i 3 y B n y n y i y ; ; ' R -• - y : »
tvay-iB'ysnyBS-.K D 3 I » ' : P H pB '•ya 8 tyaysivsjj " t 3i3ys P I B B B " j y n y j -'DBBDR oyDB3 8 Byi3'13y3 OIBEBt B B " , " 0 D y i 3 „ jjpiya t y c ' R T-K n - r -
"18 "'Vl IV |y3383J?3 P K DB3jron3« B3BDyj j y a » n \\« , B B ? P B I R B B B ? P .tyB"'R 3'i3y!>yiT .tyny3 3B"c tnr>i* T'
'-iBBa H P H nyByBE' I B H B . B " 3 -"3-.B '•» p ' j . B I B P B ^ r>8iy3yB-n 8 B B H ,jya"5a"tjw i i t o ' D D J T o r f ' i o i ^
-y3 ? B » y^K t'R iya3B^B i y i i y 3 B
. D n n i D n ypBB ~itja .D'yrjnS i v i y a -83y5yi ' i iytB*>iviv ;yB«:v::8 "
" y B C ^ B B I571iy3 pIB" I B E ' ^ I B ' S I S 11B T t otfn Dy .DiyB3B^BiyD i n y a t y i B n _
BBnys B ' 3 o y i 3y!>iv |y3B'i v^vi B i 3 H tR | D I K 3 , i i m y i B i ; ' " i ; E i " c
|y3B1 t»113ir?D'3 flK ,BTt'383"lB 3'T 8 H R B 3 ' 1 IB |yDBt>B-if33B B^BOJH
•iys'ipiyc i v ^RnyBBB i y t \vapn yoiD yD'113 B t y ^ B V $$'• -•'"--
iy3"K .iyDB^'y33B DJipiP y^B T t ."Biyipm o y B „ P D IB'3P y3"^p
^83 B'3 i y 3 " t , | i B i j n jynyt I > D m i"p BBH IB'SP ' i ' " 'itR ;*K ""> ;
P'P i s |ynj/3 TVK |yop3iB-BB'in n pc T ^ D , ' > B ' D ' I K t y i y n y s ' j y n .DysBoiniD
B ^ ' n a i v iyv.yj D3B'3i' n v o " 3 i 8 H •ya B?ifiWJ B'3 i y i B . B 8 i y : o 1 : "V-
BBsy^yn 3 3 ' P B H I P P H i y i B IB'3P -yoB' D B I I jyiB'JpD ' i P K o s ' s c y c y s
- i i 3 y3yny'L"-iyc n 1B3 j y o m v P K BiyiBDy3 i5>y3 n I I R B 2 ' " - s " - i ' :
P'P PK ,|yoi"i B'3 p'nBO P'P I B O • 5 ' n i v 5>K'iyB8B-'i3 "^iy?>8 i v jy5
p'p i ' i K iy3Bn i v DVDB2 ' i n'lR |ys [ y o i p y s " t P D B B H | I R oyDBa ' " " :
• " K .BIBPB^ P'P tyaBO B'3 I B B DB3 tB'JP i y t ' 1 1111 .D1BBP8103BP 33'1
.osnys B'3 - i n y i j B » i i v y 3 " K V2ji^ 181 BBH 11RB3 ' 1 .18^81 C l i " . " " 4
-iBB D i y i i o , 3 n : y o B ' " i y E c o n tin R tyanp i v BDB.iy3 I I K B S H B B H
1'i B B H i y 3 > y i i SIBBBP i y t y n i y 3 B " B i 3 i y i p o tyB83y^yi n •ys-v.-v
- " 1 0 ' 3 1 8 V,B "PIBB3 ' 1 I B B 03"^y3 iyi i y 3 ' K ^B"IB3BP iy3'13yBB,>BE
c j s n tufr, , [ y B " t v1?* p c B^yp'iiBJy
jyaBH i v n y r p u cycBa H . i B f i y o " 3 i B ' i n o y n .DoyDciy . T ' I B DB"cyj B'3 T ' BBn ' i "tf- s •"•""""
-y3 B ^ B H c y i s , B 3 " v i i ' 3 ' K jycy^B
i y s ' C E y r y s i v ByBS'^EiyB i ' i K T I "IB'3T IRD [y380 UHB^PD y^R pD yi"3 '1 tyB"11X «1B08P -'" '•'*
-3yBBnyc 8 jyaBn i v nyoya ' • y c r y u .s:9'"'
D'3B'3V y j ' t i p H P B c i y s o y o n I B 3 -yBB , 3B tysyp ' t OyPi ,D3yB"llV . B " J
. o j y o n j B n y t B3"oy3 ;y3ijn v a ^ y n -"11VC118 V t y*l3VQV 1IT!"K ,3313*1 ; y c i R i D B I I ,ty5iR'iyo8D-'i3 n |y^ ' i D B I ,ty?yDBnBD T ' ;>" " " .
-18 3i:yj B'3 |y3Bn C : B * 3 V H 3 ' I K c i j n 5 " 3 » i ' i i Djri3B3 I B 1 ' *• -lyo ,IBBPRIB3BP JB'JV-JB: 8 iv !
l y i y n o i v tynys B'3 W3"t - " " : " ^ ;
yny3
B-33'^iy jyoys DB3 n y i tio , i y o " 3 " t iy3Bn ,B38oy3 B I B P S ^ c y i t y : B " .3'B'13 1KB !P3'By3 DB1 BW1 ' t 3'1R RtR tysBn D3B'3i' ' i - & • ' " - j "
S
i v t B B " n B ' 3 " i 8 11B T I B B 3 n y i " 3 •~IB n iyBBay33B P K j y n y j 3 B " B •spt " t t B ,Biyt>piy lyatjn D i y i i > n i H -ys p i lyaBfi p « ,08ny3 D : K - > ™ ^ *
. i y a " 3 - i 8 y-iy-i38 lys'BBVE-ys
y3'-13yBB' PB 18t>B 8 D3B'31'-lyB"2 i y i PB ^ " ' I B yanyi3 n iyi^Bi03BP I V I I B B ' i t R ' i i ,B"n:y3y?J" s jJ™'
11 :
T i i p i y o B B r n j y y a i ' t BB.T ' i t s .|Bts"no'3"tB B3'5"liy33"K BBn 11RB3 ' 1 PK , 1 " 1 B - y ^ y i 33'PB yts"3K">'o„ ' i " . ' 3 "
. T T D 33'15"3 "1VT PK nyD3B^B i y 3 ' T D B I ,33iiyiBB i y t i y v B B n y a 3 i R i v ' i B*tn B"n3y3y!3y3 y p i P K - ~= ;
iy3"J D1BBPB1B3BP 33'1^'a H
w u n a y o e n y i i y t y n B B H T ? T B B 3 > ; y B B 8 m y n B n'lR ty38Be , y3 B V K B5>Boyi iB"i3 .|y3y3y3 " t i " ^ ' * ' -
-8^PD H I'R |y?Bt D i y n ' m - j B ' s v 1B3
ty .B"3-i8y3 iyoBP5«*B c a n?'nn3^ -Djna ' i pD y a " R P D l y i n ' s •" v-»
"Bn Dy .3313'3"KiyD PC B3yOB131E .BS'ScyB-ys p n y i i j y i
-IV DBII .BVP H j y i B ^ V E = ; S ' : " . M . 4
-3v H t ' 3 n n B ' n B 3 B tyoi3y3 a « n -ya iBB"'K , DBD8'BBMn i y t i v j y s lyDBnays B"t i y a 8 B B H I I R B 3 H
- i y D ny3'3yn n y i B i n y o IVSBH D3B' -3B H K B 3 i n Pt* T ' OB" : J ' " - ; '
y'JBPB^' 3 0 '11 i y 3 ' 3 y i l B'3 8338^ BBil n ."poBP 83 RDBP„ '11 BP31B
•'3i3yBB'iyBD'o j n y 3 ' K y n y r B 3 " ^ 3 D B I PR ,»IBDKP iyB"iE R y- ' *
"BB'in ' 1 I1R ,D3BK*"R'DBD8 T ' l B y3"'>p B'D B'3 t y ^ i 3 s n 1V BBJTW B I
B3'iKiiy3iv T ' t w i f n " i t'3 P K ,yo •y38Bu'y3 P R y s ^ y i i -5itjn yiyBiKiny3iK B:R-:>': ^ -»
IBC'K'DBDB -y3 yB'3y3 B'D 1B3 , D 1 B B P K 1 B 3 B P 31D
P'P iyp oy i y 3 B .DyaB'o Dy"3 D I V -^BPB^ 1 u n y P B l y a y i B i y a 3 P D
3385> iiD p i p j y : " t y s ^ y i i ,B"5DBDyt!'
11BB t ' K T ' l B n t 8 P't B'3 ^ y B » n v n iyDny3 f»i B B " I I K , I B B " ' K ' D B D B PD C H S '*3y3 ' 1 .Bl't'3R31B IJWM t B j y s ' i n y j J B T t B B " **-** "'..".....
y3Bf> ' t tB P K , n n v I D B P C priBiiys B V K PR ,"D"lB3*iyilB3 11B T1BB3. » i i v Bsnys |y3B.i [ y a D y c y j y p i ty3!3yt o n pD D3B'3T " i , v - •
-yanyB Jjne 1't D B H i y B " 3 n B H J I B -383 n y i iyi'>B"iBJBP i v n33 jynys tio t y n y j t ' K y3»K : D3ye"'K'DBDK - i y D tyiiys y t " 3 typ'» W \ v
' -
-JB PK " D . D y t P n ' ' ! ! p B " D , B i y o D1B3iyilB3 PB 11BB3 H . T ' l B j y v y j » K P K , i y ? i 3 y n i y o y i 3 J I K y5B-i -K35-KDK H : H K B a i j n pR ; - » , „
j»*>» B'B'ijn p i c ,jy33i33'iy3 i n j n -38*3B PR B-*B8oyBD'D B"218y3 BBH 'rviv* B D ' i p i y D tysBn y 3 ? y > , H p c i 3 y D i y o a y s i B P " B ' D J , " c s r , . . . "...p
- B ' I B ?y3Bn D P » I B D yaBB n DBH TB Cn5B» D1X jyDlPy3 t'K pK ,3'DyB ty3Bn y i " 3 .ty^B'iyBBD n>5jnj» P K - l y i B i a i K P ' i y o n n P K ,D > ; * . , n
.Biyay3 : V 5 D W ,m*iv 3 | I B Bjn"*i I » I B n ty3"t P K .lyDyipyo i " B o « n w " t -»OKJ>KDK H .DiyB3yBl8- =
.1 .K ,DP"1BD y">BPB> [18 yC'BBBB'D pe y3'*>By D'O .D3'3"KiyD l y n y j B < ^ B yBDyo R i y 3 B J ' P ^ P B » j n w ; ' '
nypTBii espDitsa Djm«* njn 12