Performance Improvements Study of Steam Turbine Exhaust Hoods

Lehigh University
Lehigh Preserve
Theses and Dissertations
1992
Performance improvements study of steam turbine

exhaust hoods
Sinan ðCelen
Lehigh University
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ðCelen, Sinan, "Performance improvements study of steam turbine exhaust hoods" (1992). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 143.
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AUTHOR:
Celen, Sinan
TITLE:
Performance Study of
..
Steam Turbine Exhaust
Hoods.
DATE: January 17,1993
.-
Performance Improvement S~dy of Steam Turbine Exhau~t Hoods
by
Sinan Celen
A Thesis
Presnted to the Graduate and Research Committee
of Lehigh University
in Candidacy for the Degree of
Master of Science
in
Mechanical Engineering
Lehigh University
December 1992
To my parents
111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank Prof. Jerzy Owczarek of Mechanical Engineering
Department at Lehigh University for his help and motivation during the course of this
study. Invaluable help throughout this work was also provided by Dr. Art Warnock.
The author is grateful to Behzat Tiiregiin who initiated this work by designing the
test loop and the generic model.
Special thanks to Ye~im Erke and Ozgiir Alan for their care and friendship.
Finally the author would like to express his deepest gratitudes to his parents and
his brother for their continous support.
IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
TITLE PAGE 11
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ill
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES V11
LIST OF FIGURES V11
NOMENCLATURE Vill
ABSTRACT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. ANNULAR DIFFUSERS 4
2.1. Performance Parameters 4
2.2. Flow Regimes and Performance Characteristics 7
2.2.1. Region of No Appreciable Stall 8
2.2.2. Region of Transitory Stall 8
2.2.3. Fully Developed Stall Regime 8
2.2.4. Jet Flow Regime 9
2.3. Effect of Inlet Conditions on Performance 9

.
2.3.1. Effect of Inlet Turbulence 9
2.3.2. Effect of Swirl at Inlet 10
! 2;J.;-3. Effect of Inlet Boundary Layer Thickness 10
V
2.3.4. Effect of Mach Number 11
3. METHOD OF EXHAUST HOOD LOSS EVALUATION 12
3.1. Equations for the Hood Loss Coefficient 12
3.2. Calculation 'of Hood Loss Coefficient Using Test Data 18
3.2.1. Input Data 18
3.2.2. Arranging of the Units of Data 19
3.2.3. Static Pressure Values 19
3.2.4. Mass Averaging of the Static and Total Pressure Values
in the Annulus ' 21
3.2.5. Averaging of the Static Pressure at the Exit Flange 23
3.2.6. Calculation of the Hood Loss Coefficient 23
3.2.7. Cat~on of the Mass Flow Rate from Venturi Meter Data24
4. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 26 "
5. GENERIC MODEL 29
6. TEST PROCEDURE 32
/
7."ANALYSIS OF THE DATA 35
8. CONCLUSIONS 38
APPENDIX A - Tables and Figures 39
APPENDIX B - Resul~ for Generic Model Configurations 1 and 9 51
APPENDIX C - Samp'e Calculations 102
REFERENCES 133
VITA 136
VI
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Characteristic Dimensionless Lengths and Areas for Generic Model
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Schematic of a Typical Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood
Figure 2. h-s Diagram of an Expanding Exhaust Hood (PAN> PpJ
Figure 3. Diffuser Geometries
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of Diffuser Flow Regimes
Figure 5. Flow Regime Chart for 2-D Diffusers
Figure 6. R~st Stall and Optimum Performance for Equi~gular Annular Diffusers
Figure 7. Cdmparison of First Stall Lines
Figure 8. Effect of Cant Angle (cf>i) and Inlet Swirl Angle ('!') on Pressure Recovery
of Annular Diffusers
Figure 9. Boundary Layer Blockage
Figure 10. Graphical Determination of Hood Loss Coefficient, HL/LL
Figure 11. Flow Annulus
Figure 12. Traverse Points in Radial Direction
Figure 13. Schematic Diagram of Air Test ~op
Figure 14. Exit Flange
Figure 15 Variables Used to Describe Geometry of an Exhaust Hood
vii
NOl\1ENCLATURE
A cross-sectional area, hood annulus length
AR area ratio, AiA1

B blocked area fraction, hood length
CLOSS,DIFF non-dimensional diffuser loss coefficient
specific heat at constant pressure, pressure coefficient
pressure coefficient (equation (35))
pressure recovery coefficient
ideal pressure recovery coefficient
d venturi meter pipe diameter
D hood width
II tol::a! energy loss,' hood height
h specific enthalpy, inlet annulus height in diffuser
HL total pressure loss coefficient
HL hood loss
(H+C)L hood and condenser neck loss
L last stage rotor blade height, wall length of diffuser
LL leaving loss
Lv axial length of guide vane~
M,MAN annulus Mach number
N diffuser length
viii
P static pressure
PAN average annulus static pressure
PT,AN average annulus total pressure
q dynamic head based on mass averaged velocity (pV2/2)
R radius, gas constant
Re Reynolds number
S specific humidity
s specific entropy
T remp~arure
V mass averaged velocity
W mass flow rate, width of a two-dimensional diffuser
Greek Symbols
a kinetic-energy-flux velocity-profile parameter
.B diameter ratio of venturi meter
'Y ratio of specific heats
f/ boundary layer displacement thickness
E overall effectiveness of a diffuser
p dynamic viscosity
p fluid density
cP channel divergence half angle
'lr swirl angle
ix
Subscripts
air air
AN annulus
ATM atmospheric conditions
AVE average
C condenser
FL flange
.\
H hub
inner, inlet
IDEAL ideal conditions; no losses
lab test lab conditions
LOC p¥ticular location on the hub or the shroud in the annulus
MAX maximum
o outer, outlet
T total conditions
throat
v vapor
vent value obtained at the venturi meter
00 far downstream or upstream
diffuser inlet, anuulus
2 diffuser exit, flange
x
ABSTRACT
i
The exhaust hood loss represents the energy loss due to friction and the inability
of the hood to properly diffuse the flow. The current performance of old low pressure
turbine exhaust hoods is less than optimuJ!1. Little, if any, of the available kinetic energy
in the steam exiting from the last row of blades of the low pressure turbine is recovered
by diffusion. The objective of this study was to carry out an experimental investigation
using air model tests to gather the data needed to optimize the design of the low pressure
turbine hood and condenser neck for a range of large steam turbine designs. A generic
model design was used to study the effect of the hood size relative to the last rotating
blade height on the exh~ust hood loss.
An annular diffuser review is given to form a basis for design of a diffusing type
exhaust hood. Equations for computing the exhaust hood loss coefficient and
dimensionless parameters affecting the performance of a turbine exhaust hood are
discussed. The experimental procedure is described, and the results of the experiments
for two different generic model configurations are presented.
1
1. INTRODUCTION
The continuing increase in the cost of fuel combined with the decrease in the
availability of energy sources emphasize the importance of increasing the efficiency of
the existing steam power plants. The manufacturers of individual components of the
power plants make effort to improve their performance, but the overall improvements are
difficult to achieve because they depend on the interaction between a number of
components.
In a steam power plant the low pressure steam leaving the turbine enters the
condenser through an exhaust hood. The turbine exhaust hood includes the inlet annulus,
the flow guide, the bearing cone, the outer shell, the supporting struts,and the inlet
flange to the condenser neck. A schematic drawing of an exhaust hood is shown in figure
1. The structural part located between the exhaust hood (or condenser) flange and the
condenser tube bundles is called the condenser neck. It includes the flange, reinforcing
structural beams for the condenser neck, feedwater heaters, and associated extraction
piping.
In most large utility steam turbines, the steam flowing out axially from the last
row of blades of a low pressure (LP) turbine has to tum 90° in order to flow downward
into the condenser. The kinetic energy of the steam exiting the last row of blades is
called the leaving loss. The leaving loss per unit mass of the flowing stearn is equal to
one-half of the exit velocity squared (V12). It represents a part of the available energy
of the steam which is not converted into useful work in a turbine. The hood loss is
2
defined as the isentropic enthalpy drop from the exit of the last row of blades to the
!
condenser flange. When, as a result of diffusion, PAN < Ppu the hood loss is said to be
negative. The condenser neck loss corresponds to the isentropic enthalpy drop from the
flange pressure, P FL , to the pressure above the condenser tube, Pc. The hood and
condenser neck losses depend on the overall geometry of the exhaust hood and the
condenser neck, on the average Mach number at the exit from the last stage, and on the
kinetic energy of the steam leaving the last row of blades. Figure 2 indicates these losses
on an enthalpy-entropy diagram. The frictional losses have the effect of increasing the
static pressure at the exit of last row of blades, PAN' above the static pressure at the
i
condenser flange, P FL • The hood and condenser neck losses can be reduced by
modifications in the geometry-of the exhaust hood and condenser neck. Reduced losses
result in a lowering of the static pressure at the exit of the last row of blades, PAN' and
a power gain for the turbine generator ~it.
3
2. ANNULAR DIFFUSERS:
A diffusing type exhaust hood is said to have negative hood loss. In such case the
last stage exit annulus pre~sure, PAN' is lower than the condenser flange pressure, PFL •
In a study of performance of exhaust hoods, it is important to understand the
performance characteristics of diffusers. Since the flow passage cross section at the last
stage annulus of a turbine has an annular shape, the performance of annular type
diffusers will now be discussed.
2.1. Performance Parameters:
There is no satisfactory analytical method for predicting the performance of a
diffuser with an arbitrary shape and inlet flow velocity distribution. The only way to
learn about the performance of diffusers with different geometries and inlet conditions
is to perform systematic experiments.
The most important quantity describing the performance of a diffuser is the static
pressure rise in it. Experiments show that, without swirl in the flow, the static pressure
is fairly uniform over any cross section of the diffuser, although the velocity generally
vanes.
When representing a diffuser performance, the measured pressure rise is
compared to the maximum value that could be theoretically obtained at the particular
flow rate, which corresponds to an infinite area ratio, or zero exit velocity. The pressure
recovery coefficient is defined as
4
LlPACTUAL P2,ACf -PI
2 2
(1)
pV1 pV1
-- --
2 2
where, P2•ACf denotes the actual exit pressure and PI denotes the inlet pressure.
Another useful diffuser performance parameter is one based on an ideal, inviscid
and uniform fluid flow. Writing the Bernoulli equation for uniform, incompressible flow
without any losses and change in elevation:
(2)
where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to inlet and exit sections respectively, and the continuity
equation:
Al (3)
V=V-
2 I~
we obtain the expression for the ideal pressure recovery coefficient which is only a
function of the area ratio, AR, of a diffuser:
(4)
where the area ratio, AR = A2/ AI'
For annular diffusers, the geometric area ratio of the diffusers is dependent on the
divergence angles of the inner and outer walls, cP2 and cPI' on the ratio of the wall length
to the inlet annulus height, Llh, and on the ratio of the annulus radius at the diffuser
5
entry, ~/R,.
(5)
see reference[2].
A straight-cone annular diffuser has a central cone angle, cP2' equal to zero. For
straight cone annular diffuser, the expression for the area ratio becomes,[2]:
(6)
The simplest case for annular diffusers is the one having equal inner and outer
cone angles (cPt = cP2)' For such diffusers the expression for the area ratio becomes:
AR=l +2 Lsin<l> (7)

h
Equi-angular annular and straight cone annular diffusers are shown in figure 3.
The overall diffuser effectiveness relates actual pressure rise to that achievable
from same geometry with an ideal one-dimensional, or I-D, flow at the same flow rate:
I
(8)
The total energy loss in a diffus~r, H, for a real incompressible flow
6
(9)
can be expressed in terms of the non-dimensional diffuser loss coefficient, CLOSS, DIP ,
defmed as:
(10)
or,
(11)
It can be represented by equation:
(12)
2.2. Flow Regimes and Perfonnance Characteristics:
In most applications, diffusers are used in turbomachines such as compressors and
turbines. When another turbomachine is placed downstream of a diffuser, the uniformity
and steadiness of diffuser discharge is extremely important because it has a direct effect
on the performance of the neighbouring turbomachine.
7
Kline, Abbot and Fox [3] related the overall geometric characteristics of two-
dimensional, or 2-D, diffusers to the occurrences of unsteadiness and non-uniformities
of discharge flow. The results show that four diffuser flow regimes exist:
2.2.1. Region of No Appreciable Stall. It corresponds to well-behaved, steady
and fairly uniform, unseparated flow. In such flow pressure increases along the diffuser,
although the magnitude of the pressure rise is very small. This type of flow should be
expected when the area ratio of the diffuser is small and the diffuser has a relatively long
length. Due to small pressure rise, the pressure recovery coefficient is also small. In this
flow the ideal and actual pressure recovery coefficients are close to each other resulting
in a high effectiveness, E.
2.2.2. Region of Transitory Stall. This is an unsteady and'non-uniform flow. In
this regime the separation varies in size, intensity and position with time. For a given
diffuser length, the area ratio of a diffuser operating in the transitory stall regime is
greater than that of the diffuser operating in a non-appreciable stall regime. Therefore,
the ideal pressure recovery

I
coefficient is also greater.
2.2.3. Fully-Developed Stall Regime. This is a reasonably steady, but very non-
uniform flow. In this flow a major portion of the diffuser is filled with a recirculation
region extending from a position close to the inlet and continuing to the exit of the
diffuser. This regime occurs when the pressure gradient becomes too large to support
flow wholly attached to diffuser walls. Pressure recovery coefficients and effectiveness
are small in this flow because of large losses.
2.2.4. Jet Flow Regime. This is a reasonably steady, but very non-uniform flow.
8
In the jet flow regime, the main flow is completely separated from the walls. The
pressure recovery coefficients and the effectiveness are low.
Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of diffuser flow regimes, and figure 5
illustrates the performance characteristics of 2-D diffusers.
Howard, Henseler and Thornton-Trump [2], observed the flow regimes for
equiangular and straight core type annular diffusers. The results for equiangular case are
compared with data on 2-D diffusers in figure 6. The positions of first appreciable stall
for all diffusers are compared in figure 7.
Howard, Henseler and Thornton-Trump have found that in annular diffusers, the
stall forms always on the outer cone and commonly over a limited circumferential region.
Figure 6 shows that, for annular diffusers, the first stall line a-a, is close to that for 2-D
diffusers, but the fully developed stall line b-b is significantly lower. That is, for annular
diffusers a fully developed stall occurs at smaller diffuser divergence angles, 2ep.
2.3. Effect of Inlet Conditions on Performance:
2.3.1. Effect of Inlet Turbulence:
Since the turbulent boundary layers are more resistant to separation than the
laminar boundary layers, pressure recovery of diffusers can be improved by increasing
the inlet turbulence. In addition, the turbulent flow velocity profJle is more flat than the
laminar flow velocity profJle. This reduction in velocity profJle distortion and the delay
of separation with increased inlet turbulence improve the pressure recovery.
2.3.2. Effect of Swirl at Inlet:
In a flow downstream of a pump or turbine, some swirl is usually present. The
9
effects of swirling flow must be always kept in tnind when designing a diffuser. The
effects of swirling inlet flow on pressure recovery coefficient depend on the flow regime
I
of the diffuser that would exist for axial inlet flow. Swirling inlet flow can improve the
performance of diffusers by delaying flow separation. For flows without any separation,
the swirling inlet flow does not provide any improvement.
Several tests have been performed for different swirl angles. Figure 8 shows the
effect of inlet swirl angle 'lr and inner cant angle cPi on the pressure recovery. For
diffusers with negative inner cant angle, cPi' swirl at inlet reduces pressure recovery. On
the other hand, for diffusers with positive inner cant angle, cPi' swirl at inlet increases
pressure recovery (The cant angle is negative when the cross section of hub decreases
in the flow direction).
2.3.3. Effect of Inlet Boundary Layer ThicknesSt

I
Figure'& shows sphematica1ly the boundary layer blockage concept. If a is defmed
as the ratio of the actufli kinetic energy flux to the kinetic energy flux for flow with
uniform velocity profile at the same cross section and flow rate (a=V2r,p), and q is
defined as the dynamic head (py2I2) , then the mass averaged total pressure of an
incompressible internal flow at any cross section can be expressed as:
(13)
The pressure rise can be expressed as:
(14)
Defining the total pressure

I
loss coefficient as:
10
(15)
the expression for the effectiveness can be written as:
(16)
2.3.4. Effect of Mach Number:
When the flow Mach number is greater than unity, shock-boundary layer
interactions may cause flow separation, degrading the performance of the diffuser.
11
3. MEmOD OF EXHAUST LOSS EVALUATION
3.1. Equations for the Hood Loss Coefficient:
Figure 2 illustrates the exhaust hood loss and the leaving 10sss on an h-s diagram.
The hood loss, as defmed on this h-s diagram, and the isentropic gas dynamic relations
obtained from the energy and continuity equations of an ideal compressible fluid form
the basis for the following methodology for analysis of exhaust hood performance that
has been developed by Prof. LA.Owczarek [1]. This methodology allows determination
of the hood loss coefficient from the experimentally measured values of the exhaust hood
model annulus total and static pressures, total temperature, and model flange static
pressure.
The expression for the leaving loss is,
V 2
LL=~ =~,AN-hAN (17)
2
Since air is used as the working fluid and the temperature variation is small, ideal
gas equation of state and constant specific heats can be used. As a result, the leaving loss
can be expressed as,
V2 2
LL=~=CT
pT
~ 1-~
T] =CT ~ 1-~
T
(PP ]Y-l]
pT
Y (18)
T,AN T,AN
The hood loss corresponds to the enthalpy difference between the states 1 and 2'
shown in figure 2, because hI =hAN • The hood loss is non-dimensionalized using the
12
leaving loss by introducing the hood loss coefficient, HL/LL.The equation for the hood
loss coefficient becomes:
1 (19)
Since
T (P
_2_=~
I
V 1
JY
- (20)
TT,AN PT,AN
we obtain
p
AN
JV-IV ~
P .l:.!.
V
HL_ ( ~ .- PT,AN
(21)
V 1
LL 1 - (- -J v
PAN -
PT,AN
The term (PAN/PT,AN) is a function of the annulus flow Mach number, MAN:
P ( 1 )__
V (22)
~= 1+.Y.::-M~ v-I
PT,AN 2
The ratio PFL/PT,AN is determined from the air model tests for varying flow rates
and annulus flow Mach numbers, MAN' For a given exhaust hood, the hood loss
coefficient depends on the Reynolds and Mach numbers. In our air test the Reynolds
number is quite close to that in the steam turbine whose exhaust hood is being modeled.
13
For a typical ~rbine unit modeled, the Reynolds number based on the flow speed in the
exit annulus of the LP turbine and the last blade height, at MAN =O.6, is 12.3xHP for
steam, and 4.5xHP for the air model. For this 'reason, the hood loss coefficient obtained
from our tests is considered to be only a function of the annulus Mach number, MAN:
(23)
The hood loss coefficient, HL/LL, can be obtained graphically at various annulus
Mach numbers, MAN' by plotting the terms
i; (PAN )V-lV
! PT.AN
versus the Mach number, MAN' as shown in figure 10. The dimensionless hood loss
coefficient, HL/LL is represented by the ratio
HLC
- -- (24)
LL D
where C and D are the numerator and denominator of the equation (21) respectively.
That is,
C=~
P )V-lv (25)
( PT.AN
and,
P )V-l
D=l- ~ v (26)
( PT.AN
14
The symbols PAN' PFL , and PT,AN represent the (flow) averaged static pressure in
the annulus, average static pressure at the flange, and the (flow) averaged total pressure
at the annulus, respectively. The Mach number in the annulus, MAN, can be determined
from the equation (22) knowing the average values of PT,AN and PAN' which are
experimentally determined.
Measuring the flow rate in the annulus allows the use of a second approach to
obtain the Mach number in the annulus. (This Mach number will be referred to as MAN')'
In the air model tests the mass flow rate, W, is measured using a standard venturi meter.
The function,
(27)
is tabulated in Air Tables. Knowing W, TT,AN' AAN and PT,AN' the non-dimensional mass
flow rate can be calculated which directly gives the Mach number in the annulus, MAN'.
In the text which follows, the superscript ' will refer to a quantity determined usfug the
A good agreement between the values of MAN and MAN' indicates reliable total
and static pressure measurements in the annulus. A second estimate for the hood loss
coefficient, (HL!LL)' can be determined using the MAN' value. First the ratio (PAN!PT,AN) ,
is calculated substituding MAN' into equation (22), which then will give (HL!LL)' when
introduced into equation (21).
The measure of the exhaust hood loss can also be expressed using the pressure
coefficient,
15
(28)
instead of the hood loss coefficient HLILL.
A general remark should be made concerning the (flow) averaged value of the
annulus static pressure, PAN' The average static pressure in the last stage annulus, PAN'
is not exactly equal to the (flow) averaged value of the local static pressures measured
on the hub and the shroud in the annulus. This is so, because the Mach number lines in
the annulus followed by a diffuser are curved lines, and not straight radial lines
perpendicular to the turbine shaft axis. The curvature of the Mach number lines is
influenced by the shape of the diffuser vane near the shroud. It is also influenced by the
curvature of the streamlines near the hub, caused by the tendency of the fluid to flow
around the hub.
The pressure coefficient, Cp , when used with the average annulus static pressure,
PAN' gives a value which is not much different than the hood loss coefficient HL/LL.
This can be shown as follows. From
1 (29)
Tds=dh--dP
p
it follows that, for an iS,entropic change of state from 1 to 2', shown in figure 2,
16
1 (30)
-dP=dh
p
Therefore,
(31)
where the quantity p~ represents the average fluid density between the
annulus and the flange of the exhaust hood for an isentropic process. Recalling that
(32)
Using the relation,
(33)
the expression for the pressure coefficient, Cp , can be written as:
PAN P
- - - -FL-
PT,AN PT,AN
(34)
Another common definition for the pressure coefficient, which will be referred
as C p , is
17
PAN P
- - - -FL-
PT,AN PT,AN
(35)
PAN
1---
PT,AN
It can also be used to express the hood loss.
The two different Mach numbers: MAN' which is obtained from the average static
and total pressures at the exit annulus of the last stage, and MAN' , which is obtained from
the mass flow rate, average total pressure, total temperature and the area of the last stage
annulus allow determination of four different values for the pressure coefficient, namely,
Cp, Cp', Cp and Cp~. As a result, from the air model tests one can obtain six different
values of exhaust hood performance parameters: HL/LL, (HL/LL) ,, Cp, Cp', Cpand Cp~.
3.2. Calculation of Hood Loss Coefficient Using Test Data:
3.2.1. Input Data:
• Total pressure values (in volts) for 31 points for each of the 7 different
traverses in the last stage annulus indicated in figure 11.
• Static pressure values (in volts) for 12 different locations positioned
circumferentially at the hub and shroud in the last stage annulus. These locations are
indicated by symbols HI to H12, and SI to SI2, in figure-Il.
• The atmospheric pressure in the test room, in inches of mercury.
• The atmospheric
I
temperature (in OF) in the test room during the test.
• The relative humidity in the test room during the test.
• The static pressure at the inlet to the venturi meter (in psig).
18
e The pressure ~ifference across the venturi meter (in inches of H20).
,
o The total temperature, TT,AN(in OF) measured at the inlet to the model.
o The static pressure values (in volts) for 28 different locations on the exit flange.
3.2.2. Arranging of the Units of Data:
o Atmospheric Pressure:
The specific weight of mercury is determined from a table for the known
atmospheric temperature. The table used is given in the appendix C. Then, the
atmospheric pressure in psia, is calculated using the relatio.n:
PATM(in Ibtfin2) ~PATM(in inches of Hg) x Specific weight of Hg at TATM(lbtfin3)

!
• Static and Total Pressure Data:
The pressure data in volts is first converted into psig units using calibration charts
obtained for the pressure transducers (The calibration charts for the transducers are
updated from time to time, to ensure reliability of the test data). The pressure data in
psig is converted into psia units by adding the atmospheric pressure.
P (in volts) ~ Calibration Chart ~ P (in psig) ~ Add PATM(in psia) ~ P (in psia)
• Total Temperature in OR:
• 3.2.3. Static Pressure Values:
The static pressure in the annulus is measured at 12 different locations positioned
circumferentially at the hub and shroud. These locations are referred as HI to Hl2 (hub),
and 51 to S12 (shroud), in figure 11.
The static pressure values at the traverse points are estimated using the values at
19
the hub and the shroud, following the procedure described below.
Using the circumferential variation of static pressure at the hub and shroud, the
static pressure values at the walls (hub and shroud) corresponding to the location of a
given traverse are found for each of the seven traverses. The static pressure is assumed
to vary linearly in the radial direction, from hub to shroud. Therefore a straight line is
fit through the hub and shroud static pressure values, from which the corresponding static
pressure value for each traverse point in the annulus can be calculated. The increment
used for the traverse is constant (0.050 inches); therefore a formula can be derived to
calculate the radial distance of each of the 31 data points from the hub. 1st point is the
data point at the hub and the 31 st point is the data point at the shroud, as shown in figure
12. The distance of nth traverse point from the hub, Xn (in inches), is calculated from
equation:
Xn=(n-1) 0.050
Then, the static pressure, value for nth traverse point, Po, is interpolated between the static
pressure values at the wails, PHUB and PSHR (in psig).
Pn =pHUB -(~(p
1.5 HUB
-pSHR)) (36)
The distance between hub and the shroud is 1.5 inches. After calculating the static
pressure values at all the traverse points in psig, atmospheric pressure is added to convert
the units to psia.
20
o 3.2.4. Mass-Averaging of the Static and Total Pressure Values in the
Annulus:
The static and total pressures obtained for the 217 points (31 points for each 7
traverses) in the annulus are mass-flow averaged. For example, the average value of the
total pressure is obtained using the formula:
(37)
or,
f(PT~rl; dA ff(r) dr (38)

f~ dA fg(r) dr
AAN
where r denotes the radius in the annulus and W the mass flow rate.(PT,AtJi represents
the total pressure for each traverse point. The integration is done by Simpson's Method.
/
For n points, the integral between a and b can be determined from equation,
with h=(b-a)/(n-l).
In our case the integral becomes,
(40)
The area element dA is expressed as (27rrdr/12), because the annulus is divided into 12
21
equal area segments (see figure 11). No swirl is introduced into the flow. Therefore, the
values of PAN and PT,AN for area segments 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 correspond to that of area
segments 4, 2, 1, 6 and 5, respectively.
Similarly, the denominator of equation (38) becomes,
(41)
Since
(42)
and
(43)
substituting the expression for Mach number, MAN' into equation (42) gives,
(44)
Taking 1'=1.4 and R=53.35 Ob("ftflbm-OR) for air, and rearranging the units, one
obtains,
(45)
where PT,AN is in Iblin2 and TT,AN is in oR.
22
Substituting the expression for the mass flow rate per unit area, W/AAN' into
equations (40) and (41), the functions f(r) and g(r) of equation (38), that are to be
integrated can be expressed as,
7·1J(PP ]2/1.4 ( P ]2,41

2;;; (46)
:;
T
- P : ; ,.4
T
r
and,
These functions are integrated using the Simpson's Method.
In the last two equations (PT,AN)j represents the total pressure and rj the radius
corresponding to each traverse point. The expression used for f j is,
rj= 1.5 +(n-1)0.050 (inches)
where 1.5 inches is the hub outer radius.
The mass-averaged static pressure in the annulus, PAN' is calculated similarly, by
replacing (PT,AN)i by (P~i in equation (38).
3.2.5. Averaging of the Static Pressure at the Exit Flange:
The average static pressure at the exit flange, PFL , is calculated by taking the
arithmetic mean of the 28 static pressure data obtained.
3.2.6. Calculation of the Hood Loss Coefficient:
Knowing the average values for PT,AN' PAN and PFL , the hood loss coeffi~ient,
23
HULL, is calculated using equation (21),
(48)
,
or graphically, as explained on page 14.
3.2.7. Calculation of the Mass Flow Rate from Venturi Meter Data:
The mass flow rate through the venturi meter, W, in Ibm/sec, is calculated using
the following expression:
where PI represents the corrected density at the inlet to the meter corrected for specific
humidity. The value of PI is determined using the expression
(50)
where Pv represents the vapor pressure and Pd the density of dry air which can be
determined from the equation:
P(1b I' 2)
m
f
53.35 Ib f ft COR)
( Ib moR
f
x 144(in2/ftl)
(51)
Therefore,
24
(52)
The expression for the specific humidity, S, is,
Py
8=0.622- (53)
P-Pv
Therefore, knowing the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures one can obtain the relative
humidity, cjJ, from the Psychrometric Chart. The steam tables can be used to get the
saturation temperature, Pg , knowing the dry bulb temperature. Once Pg and cjJ are
obtained, vapor pressure, Pv, can be calculated using the expression for the relative
humidity, cjJ=PJPg •
\
Assuming no moisture condensation between the venturi meter and the lab
(Svent = Slab), the specific humidity is calculated from equation:
P
8=0.622 y (54)
Plab-Py
where PIab=PATM • Subsequently, PI is calculated from equation (52).
The variation of the discharge coefficient, C, with the Reynolds number, Rw, is
given in Appendix C. The compressibility expansion factor, Y, and thermal expansion
factor, Fa are obtained from the charts for the used Fluidic Venturi Meter.
Note that APvent ;s measured in inches of H20, and must be converted into psi
units, by multiplying with the specific weight of H20 at the temperature recorded in the
laboratory.
25
4. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
Air Test Loop:
A schematic diagram of the air test loop is shown in figure 13. A Hoffman
compressor model 67106A is used providing 10,000 scfm at 12.5 psig maximum. A three
phase electric motor with a capacity of 800 HP at 3600 rpm is used to drive the
compressor. Air is taken through an inlet filter. Silencers are mounted at both the intake
and discharge sides. Air exiting the compressor at about 250 of is cooled to 100 of by
an aftercooler.
After the aftercooler, a 36 inches long flow straightener section is placed. The
length of the flow straightener is determined according to ASME recommendation. A
Fluidic venturimeter is placed downstream of the flow straightener. The venturi meter
has a diameter ratio of 0.5281 and is designed to produce a differential pressure of 20
inches of water column at a maximum flow rate of 11,000 scfm, with a coefficient of
discharge of 0.9950 . A manometer is used to measure the static pressure difference
between the inlet and throat of the venturimeter. The manometer is placed in the test
room and the connection is provided by a one pieceJong copper tubing to prevent any
leakages through connecting elements.
Flow leaving the venturi, turns 90° in the horizontal plane via a large radius
elbow, and enters a diffuser having an area ratio of 1.78 . After the diffuser, the flow
turns another 90°, to a vertical position, through an elbow having turning vanes designed
to produce a uniform flow at the exit. The pressure drop in the elbow was estima~ed to
26
be 0.034 psi [8].
After the elbow, the flow enters a contraction duct, which has a length of 19.3
inches and provides an area contraction ratio of 16. Air, upon leaving the contraction
.,
duct, flows over an elliptical bullet-nosed center body and enters the exhaust hood
,
model. A round-wire-screen is placed 1.25 inches upstream of the annulus section where
the total pressure traverses are done. The screen is used because without it, at low Mach
numbers, the major portion of the mass flow tends to bypass the upper half of the hood
model. Such flow pattern differs from that in an actual steam turbine and results in an
incorrect value of hood loss coefficient. The use of a screen helps to make the flow in
the model annulus circumferentially uniform. The solidity of the screen that is used is
10%. (The solidity of a screen is defined as the ratio of the total projected screen wire
I
area to the total cross sectional area). A round-wire-screen having a solidity of 10%
chokes the air flow wren the inlet Mach number is equal or greater than 0.693.
Therefore, for Mach numbers greater than 0.693, the tests without the screen were run.
For high Mach numbers, the tendency to bypass the upper half of the hood is low
because the flow close to choking tends to fill the whole annulus uniformly.
At a distance of 1.25 inches downstream of, the screen, total pressure
measurements are taken at five angular positions using 1/8 11 Kiel Probes, manufactured
by United Sensors. Figure 11 shows the circumferential positioning of total pressure
probes. No swirl is introduced into the flow. Therefore, the total pressure at sections 8,
9, 10, 11 and 12 are taken to be equal to the total pressure at sections 4, 2, 1, 6 and 5,
respectively (see figure 11).
27
Five different traverse actuators manufactured by Rotadata are used (Rotadata
Mini Traverse Actuator'RTM 025A) for total pressure traverses. The actuators use 200-
pole stepper motors to move probes in a series of small increments to give very precise
positioning. The actuators have an accuracy of plus or minus 0.05 mm (0.002 in) over
300 mm in linear axis or 0.25 degree in yaw. The actuators are connected to a compact
2-axis controller (Rotadata C2A5) placed in the test room, which makes it possible to
remotely control the total pressure traverses.
At a distance of 0.3 inches downstream of the total pressure probes, static
pressure holes of 1/32 11 : diameter are located at 12 angular positions at the hub and the
shroud of the annulus, as shown in figure 11.
The total pressure probes and the static pressure taps are connected to a 15 psid
Scanivalve Pressure Transducer placed in the test room. The connections are made using
tygon tubing. The pressure transducer has 48 ports available, allowing a quick access of
static and total pressure tubes.
Positioned circumferentially on the exit flange are 28 static pressure holes of
1/32 11 diameter as shown in figure 14. These static pressure taps are connected to a 2.5
psid Scanivalve Pressure Transducer. Signals from the pressure transducers are amplified
through SCSG2 Signal Conditioners to provide a high level analog output. The outputs
are recorded using voltmeters.
28
5. GENERIC MODEL
The size of the generic model was chosen to be able to attain a maximum average
annulus Mach number of 0.75 without using a screen. The required model annulus height
came out to be 1.5 inches.
Determination of Minimum Hood Size for Significant Diffusion:
The following analysis has been developed by Prof J.A.Owczarek for the
experimental improvement study of LP turbine exhaust hoods[9]. Figure IS illustrates
the most important variables having the dimensions of area and length, which control the
geometry and size of an exhaust hood. The following dimensionless parameters can be
used to define the geometry and relative exhaust hood size:
RH = last blade root radius

L last blade height (annulus height)
H hood height
L last blade height
B hood length
L last blade height
!
D hood width
L last blade height
A annulus advance
B hood length
Aep centerline flange open area

!A !(annulus area)
2 AN 2
AFL = condenser flange open area

AAN annulus area
29
The large number of parameters defining the relative hood size and geometry
makes it very difficult to examine their effect by systematic testing. However, not all of
these parameters are of equal importance. In large steam turbines some of the parameters
do not vary by much from one design to another. For example the ratio of last blade root
radius to last blade height, RH/L, ranges between 1.0 and 1.3. Similarly, the parameter
AlB ranges between 0.3 and 0.5, whereas B/L is between 4.0 and 4.6. For the generic
model of the exhaust hood, the chosen values for RH/L, AlB and B/L are 1.0, 0.5 and
4.4 respectively. The two variable parameters are the dimensionless hood height H/L,
and width, D/L. The reason why the parameter D/L has been chosen rather than the
parameter B/L is because a change in the value of the parameter B/L would require a
complicated model design.
The parameter Acr:/l/2AAN can be expressed as (see figure 15):
(55)
for RH/L= 1.0 and B/L=4.4 . For constant values of RH/L and B/L, the parameter
ACF/ II2A AN depends only on the dimensionless hood width D/L. This parameter indicates
.whether the flow from the upper half of the annulus can diffuse or not. If ACF /II2A AN is
less than 1.0, the flow cannot diffuse. In practice this parameter should be quite large,
since the fluid from upper half of the annulus flows mainly through the centerline flange
area near the front wall (see figure 15c).
30
The parameter AFLI AAN can be expressed as:
BD
AFL BD LL ,,0,467D (56)
Am 1t(2RH+L~
~ it
[R]
2-!!+1
L
L
for RH/L= 1.0 and B/L=4.4 .
In reality, the ac~al flange flow area, AFL , is much smaller than the flange open
area BxD, because of the blockage by the turbine cylinder and the beams and struts in
the condenser flange. Therefore, the ratio of the effective condenser flange area to
annulus area, AFL,EFFI AAN' is much smaller than the value obtained from equation (56).
The effective flange area ratio can be estimated from equation:
~ " BD-2(RH+L)(A+Lv) (57)

Am it (2RH+L)L
where Lv denotes the axial length of the guide vane.
The generic exhaust hood model has variable width, D, and height, H, only. With
the use of wooden inserts nine different configurations can be created, with three
different values for both height and width. Table I shows the characteristic dimensionless
lengths for the nine different configurations of the generic model.
31
6. TEST PROCEDURE
Nine different configurations of the generic model were tested. Each configuration
was tested with and without screen. In addition, configurations 1, 8, and 9 were tested
without the guide vane. The configurations 3, 4 and 5 were also tested with a smaller
size flange. For each case four tests were run at different annulus Mach numbers. The
total number of tests was 108.
The procedure described below was followed for each test.
oThe configuration that was to be tested was assembled using the wooden and
aluminum inserts, and proper size flange. (There are eight different wooden inserts to
adjust the height, two pairs of aluminum inserts to adjust the width, and three different
flanges for three different values of hood model width. For the largest height and width
case, no insert is used).
oThe five total pressure probes were put into position on the traverse actuators.
(For each probe the first position is at the shroud wall. Marked on every probe is the
relative position of each probe with respect to the actuatQrs, at which the probe tip is just
entering the flow annulus (at shroud wall».
oThe necessary tygon tubing connections were prepared.
oThe pressure measuring devices (gages and the manometer) were checked and
zeroed if necessary.
oThe compressor was started and set to a speed corres~nding to the annulus
Mach number that was to be tested (A waiting period of about half an hour was allowed
32
to achieve a steady temperature in the flow after the aftercooler).
oThe values of the atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, wet bulb
temperature, pressure at the inlet to the venturi meter, pressure difference accross the
venturi meter, total temperature at the venturi meter, and the total temperature at the
model inlet were recorded (The values for these parameters are recorded several times
during the test).
oThe passage hole in the hub was set to closed position to prevent air flow
through the hub (This passage hole is closed for traverses 1 to 5, and while taking the
static pressure readings at the hub and shroud. For traverses 6 and 7, the passage hole
is set to proper position which allows the probe pass through the hub).
oThe static pressure values at the hub, shroud, and the exit flange were recorded.
oThe electrical connection for the proper traverse actuator was made for the
"-
pressure probe to be used.(The order followed for the traverses is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7. Note that the probes 4 and 3 are also used for the traverses 6 and 7, respectively).
o For traverses 1 through 5, the controller was turned on and set to Datum, with
the total pressure probes tips located at the shroud diameter. Subsequently, the probe
used was moved 0.025 inches inward in the radial direction to bring the holes on the
probe to the shroud wall, and the first total pressure data was recorded.
- Increment radial was chosen using the function switch on the controller (The
increment indicator is set to 0.050 inches and the total pressure values are recordeed for
every 0.050 inches increments (see figure 12)).
-For traverses 6 and 7, fIrst the controller was set to 2 inches, without tightening
33
the probe used to the actuator; that is, the actuator probe holder was allowed to move 2
. inches inward in the radial direction. The probe was then pushed all the way into a 0.100
inches deep recess in the shroud, and tightened to the actuator probe holder. For
traverses 6 and 7, since the traverse actuator is located on the opposite side of the
annulus and hub, the actuator probe holder moves in radially outward direction.
Subsequently, each probe used was moved inward by 0.075 inches to bring the holes on
the probe to the shroud wall.
oWhen the traversing was completed, the actuator was set to Datum, and the
probe was taken out of the flow passage on both sides of the hub, according to the mark
made on the probe.
o When the total pressure traverses were completed, the static pressures at the
hub, shroud and the exit flange were recorded once again.
-Subsequently, the compressor speed was adjusted to another value ofthe annulus
Mach number , or was shut down.
34
7. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
Nine different configurations of the generic model were tested. The results for the
configurations 1 and 9 will be discussed in detail. The results of these tests indicate the
range of the hood loss coefficient of the generic model, because configuration 1
corresponds to the largest and configuration 9 to the smallest internal hood in size. These
configurations were tested for four different cases:
o with the screen, with the guide vane (referred as configuration I or 9).
o without the screen, with the guide vane (referred as configuration IB or 9B).
o without the screen, without the guide vane(referred as configuration IC or 9C).
o with the screen, without the guide vane (referred as configuration ID or 9D).
The results of the tests are shown on the plots in appendix.
The effect of the screen can be seen on the total pressure variations across the
annulus, shown on the plots on pages 74 to 101, in appendix B. Without the screen, the
total pressure is uniform across the annulus, whereas with the screen, there are wakes
created by the screen wire. The total pressure values drop to the static pressure values
- i
at the hub and the shroud.
The circumferential variation of the local hub and shroud pressure coefficient, Cp ,
for different annulus Mach number tests, is shown on pages 58 to 73 in appendix B.
When the configurations I and 9 are compared in general (that is for all of the four
cases), it is observed that, as expected, in configuration 9 (small hood) higher pressure
level exits in the hood than in configuration I (large hood). It can also be observed that
35
in configuration 9 the flow is more blocked at the front of the hood (at about 180°).
The variation of the hood loss coefficient with the annulus Mach number is shown
on pages 53 to 57 in appendix B. Six different performance coefficients ( discussed in
chapter 3, pages 15 to 18) are plotted. For most of the tests, a good agreement between
these values are obtained. For the highest Mach number tests of configurations IB, ID
and 9D, the Mach number obtained using the annulus average static and total pressures
is somewhat different than the Mach number obtained using the mass flow rate measured
by the venturi meter, and the average annulus total pressure. For configurations ID and
9D, which are tests with the screen, the annulus Mach number is already above 0.7,
which is about the choking limit for the annulus with a screen having a solidity of 10%.
Therefore, it appears that these points are not reliable. For configuration IB, the Mach
)
number obtained using the mass flow rate measured by the venturi meter and the average
total pressure is more reliable than the Mach number obtained using the average annulus
static and total pressure, because there is no screen, and the flow is uniform in the
annulus.
For configuration 1, the hood loss coefficient curves for the 11 with 11 and "without"
the screen cases (both with guide vane) intersect at around annulus Mach number of 0.71
(page 53 in appendix B). Since with the screen the flow is already beginning to choke
around 0.7, after the intersection point, the hood loss coefficient curve for the case
without the screen should be considered as valid.
The results show that at high Mach numbers the use of a guide vane increases the
hood loss. However, more tests should be performed using intermediate sized guide
36
vanes in order to understand better the effect of the guide vane on the hood loss.
37
8. CONCLUSIONS
Dependency of the hood loss coefficient on the annulus Mach number was
experimentally determined for the generic model. The results from the tests can be used
as a guide for turbine exhaust hoods having different geometries. The large differences
between the values of the hood loss coefficients for the configurations 1 and 9 indicate
that it is possible to significantly affect the hood loss by changes in geometry.
Configuration 1 represents the largest exhaust hood model, and configuration 9 the
smallest. For the tests with a guide vane and screen, in the annulus Mach number range
of 0.5 to 0.7, the hood loss coefficient of configuration 1 was found to be between 0.2
and 0.4 smaller than that of configuration 9.
The tests on the effect of the guide vane are not sufficient to draw any
conclusions. Without the guide vane similar hood loss coefficient values were obtained
for both configurations 1 and 9 tested with the screen. The results show that at high
Mach numbers, the use of a guide vane tested increases the hood loss. However, in order
to understand the effect of the guide vane on the hood loss more tests should be
performed using different guide vane shapes.
As a final remark, it should be remembered that the improvement on the flow in
the hood should result in an improvement of the last stage efficiency and condenser
effectiveness, which will increase the overall turbine efficiency over the values predicted
by improvements of the exhaust hood.
38
APPENDIX A - TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1. Characteristic Dimensionless Lengths and Areas for Generic Model
Figure 1. Schematic of a Typical Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood
Figure 2. h-s Diagram of an Expanding Exhaust Hood (PAN> PpJ
Figure 3. Diffuser Geometries
Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of Diffuser Flow Regimes
Figure 5. Flow Regime Chart for 2-D Diffusers
Figure 6. First Stall and Optimum Performance for Equiangular Annular Diffusers
Figure 7. Comparison of First Stall Lines
Figure 8. Effect of Cant Angle (cPu and Inlet Swirl Angle ('lr) on Pressure Recovery
of Annular Diffusers
Figure 9. Boundary Layer Blockage
Figure 10. Graphical Determination of Hood Loss Coefficient, HL/LL
Figure 11. Flow Annulus

,
Figure 12. Traverse Points in Radial Direction
Figure 13. Schematic Diagram of Air Test Loop
Figure 14. Exit Flange
Figure 15 Variables Used to Describe Geometry of an Exhaust Hood
39
RH/L 1.0
B/L 4.4
AIB~ 0.5
-
L)L 0.75
CONFIGURATION NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H/L 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.0
D/L 8.15 7.5 7.0
ACF =(D-2(L+RH))B
1 1 I
"lAm "l1t(2RH +L)L 3.87 3.27 2.8
~
-
AFL DB
-
Am 1C(2RH +L)L 3.81 3.5 3.27
AFL,EFF D B - 2(RH +L
Am 1C(2RH +L). 2.66 2.36 .• 2.12
Table I
Characteristic Dimensionless Lengths and Areas for Generic Model
OUTER SHELL
EXHAUST HOOD
- ANNULUS,
SUPPORT STRUTS L-O BLADE
FLOW GUIDE
BEARING CONE
CONDENSER FLANGE
Figure 1
Schematic of a Typical Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood
.c h ,+ ---I----.-....:.~
AN
>-
a..
...J
<l:
:r:
I- EXPANSION IN THE
~ h2 , + - - " ' - - - - - u TURBINE EXHAUST END
ENTROPY. s
Figure 2
h-s Diagram of an Expanding Exhaust Hood (PAN> PpJ [1]
41
a) Equi-Angular Annular Diffuser
b) Straight Cone Annular Diffuser

Figure 3
Diffuser Geometries [2]
Large areas of stall come

and go In varlos locatIons
\.._--- ~
------- ------ ...
------., ---------
---- --~ ---
r--- Well Behaved Flow
~
Large TransItory Stall
Nearly steady
recirculatIng - - - - /' \
\ / flow 1;;1
~ ..... -,\~ . l ....
------.,
~-_.1 -- -- --~
- - - - -
- ::: =-::: --
- - - -.... -~
~
Steady Fully Developed Stall Jet Flow
Figure 4
Schematic Diagram of Diffuser Flow Regimes [3]
42
1 00 +----+_. ----+.-+.~.--+.---+.-!.-!-.-1------+----"'---
··..···············..···t······.. ······:·········r······:..···r····:·..-· : Of :......... ..'
~-l--+-
: : .
60 ::::::::::::::::?~~I~~Giw.::!:::::::::E:::::::::::;::. t:T:;:::::::::::::::::::::.::::::i:::::::::::::T:::::::F:::f:::
........................... ;· ··..;··· +....·i..·..~ ....F~I~ ..·de'1eiope~ ..·2.D.. istalt·~· ......~ .....
: : : : : : :~: : : : :;: : : : : : : ~: :
40
: t:::::t::::1:::1:::\:::1::::::::::::::::::::::::\::::::::::::::\:::::::::'\.:::::::[:::::
~ I j ~a~ge! ~r~n~itory stall j 1 ! !
20 .........................~ ·········..·l . ······r······r..···~·····~· ..l···~···[····· ....···············r····.... ·····~··········r·······l·····
1 i ; ~ 1 tibe of appr$ciablej stall i
10
2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60
N/W
1
Figure 5
Flow Regime Chart for 2-D Diffusers [4]
TWO • DIMENSIONAL a·a FIRST STALL

b·b FIXED STALL
ANNULAR lX' lX MAXIMUM C
30
I (Uh ~ CO~STA T)
j 1 j
-
en
Ql
Ql
20
l-
t»
Ql
'0 10
.e-
N 7
1 2 4 6 8 10 20 40
Llh
Figure 6
First Stall and Optimum Performance for
Equiangular Annular Diffusers [2]
43
..
10
4
,..
a: 2
<1:
1
0.8
1 2 4 6 10 20 40 80
Nih or N/W
Figure 7
Comparison of First Stall Lines [2]
AR=1.50
LI(Ro • R )=1 0
1
0.5
--
--
'If
30
0
---0- 48
-1 0 o 10 20
Inner Wall Cant Angle, ~
I
Figure 8
Effect of Cant Angle (cbJ and Inlet Swirl Angle ('!')
on Pressure Recovery of Annular Diffusers
44
boundary layer blockage = 2o*/W
blocked area
~ edge of
boundary
/ layers:
blocked area
Figure 9
Boundary Layer Blockage
I.0t--------r--,....------
D
HL C
u:lo
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER, MAN

MAN
Figure 10
Graphical Detennination of Hood Loss Coefficient, Ill-/LL [1]
45
180'
S 5
S 4
Traverse #
J=:J
~~5IH6,'> S 8
S 3 H 4 I , //H
,
, I
7
__ _ "H 8
•
~
0\
90
. Traverse # t I s: H-Z
I I
,
JI"-
,,,
-,- I
270 I
l/ \11 ~'-..... 7- S 9
S 2 --\
J=12
X H
/F/ 12 H
.' I . I
H 10
11
.T=5
S 1 S 10
Traverse
SHROUD
Tra:verse # 7 S 11
~o'
ANGLE (Degree)
Figure 11
Flow Annulus
SHROUD
NUMBERINGrii~ ~~ggiAM) IIi'~
i
(AS USED IN· TRAVERSE
til
~ I DIRECTION
~ /
""'/ I ;
• /
~, /
~, HUB /
/
-l:>-
....,J
~
/
~, /
/
~, /
/
~/ /
'X
Figure 12
Traverse Points in Radial Direction
---------
GAS DYNAMICS LABORATORY
DIFFUSER
+>- -J
00
INLET
FILTER
INTAKE
SILENCER
DISCHARGE
SILENCER
COMPRESSOR ELECTRIC
MOTOR
Figure 13
Schematic Diagram of Air Test Loop
CN 22 eN 21 CN 20 CN 19 CN 18 CN 17 CN 16 CN 15
I ,CN 14
CN 23 ! I
I ,CN 13
CN 24! I
I ,CN 12
CN 25 ! I
.;:..
\0
I 'CN 11
CN 26' I
CN 27 , I I 'CN 10
I ,CN 9
CN 28 ' I
CN 1 CN2 CN 3 CN 4 eN 5 CN 6 CN 7 CN 8
Figure 14
Exit Flange
CENTERLINE FLANGE
(AREA A CF )
ANNULUS
-;----L-_ oJ 0_-- i
BEARING
CONE
-
FLOW
FRON T ------t---r----__+_
WALL I t + V I ,
CONDENSER ,FLOW TO TO CONDENSER
FLANGE AREA CONDENSER CONDENSER
A FL (0) (b) FLANGE
CENTERLINE, \ CONDENSER
FLANGE
FR0 NT
WALL
-F
' \
~r'7'T"'~"'7""7---r"1
~
\ FLANGE
BEAMS
_~-.---~__,_,...,~~CH J
(c) (d)
Figure 15
Variables Used to Describe
Geometry of an Exhaust Hood [9]
50
APPENDIX B - RESULTS FOR GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATrONS 1 AND 9
o Drawings of configurations 1 and 9
., HL/LL versus annulus Mach number curves
o Circumferential Variation of Cp on hub and shroud
o Total pressure variations across the annulus
51
J.7
I
,!..,
T
CONFIGURATION 1
(NO INSERTS)
D/L=8.15
H/L=3.8
J.7
CONFIGURATION 9
WITH INSERTS GM 18 IN N4. GM 13 & GM 15
D/L=7
H/L=3
.
' ...
.
52
GENERIC MODEL
CONRGURATION 1
HULL vs ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
1 • I
1.2
--9-- 1 wi screen w}: gv .
-e-1B w/o sC'een ~I g v ! ! ! 1
.. ---3-- 1C vJlll-saiiiiii-\qro-gv·····__·t···_···············y·········· _ j j _.
--e- 10 wi screen vilo gv! I ! \
en O.B
en
0
..J
C!l 0.6
Z
~
w
-
••••••••••••••••• u ••••••••••••••••••
..J 0.4
en
en
0
..J 0.2
c
0
0
J:
==~=~1=r--cl=-=r=+=~-~
0
-0.2
-0.4 • I
O.4E 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 O.B
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 9
HULL vs MACH NUMBER
--e-- 9 wr sC'een wi gv
••__ 9B w/o screen wI gv . .
····..··r···..········..·······:··············_···-
: :
. ---a-- 9C w/o screen w/o gv
~ .~
-_ ~ 90 wI screen w/o gv
en 0.8
en !
o..J !
C!l 0.6
Z
~
-
..J
en
en
o
..J
0.4
0.2
.. _... __.. _.. _....:;_....._._....... : ..._..__...... . . .
··f···_···········__·
:
~
.
_
C
o
oJ:
o
-0.2
-0.4
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 O.P

ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
53
GENERIC MODEL
CONRGURATION 1
WI SCREEN WI GUIDE VANE
12
Emp~ points:Mac~ # found fro~ average
o HULL ! Ps lmd Plin the annulus
.....,J t V721 .F.ilIec!poinls.. :Mad;L.lUoundlr.o~.mass. flow .
6. Q:l .(Pan - rll)I ( j . i ra~ from venturi,jand average
o -cp. - (PII- P;anl / (Pl- Pan) i i PI arjd Tl in the a~nulus
0.8 ......................, ; ~ i ;.· ! ..
en
en
0
-I
I
i
I
:
!
:
I:
\.
:
I
:
<!l 0.6 ············•..·······i······················t·····················+·····················1··········· ·····.~ + .
Z
:> ~: i: i
: :
~ ~ ;:
~ .......................!: :
.:,
:
.:.
:
:
.
:.
:
.:. .
-I 0.4
....
en
en ! I I j 1 !
0
-I 02 ......................L
:
i
:
l
: :
~ ! 1: .
Cl : : :: :
0 : : :: :
0 :: :
: :
: ' . :
:
:J: ......................! : ~..... . : :- .
0
:
~ :
~ ~:
-0.2 ······..·. ····..···· i··..·······..···..······i· ················.. i··········..··..······~ ··················i·· + .
: : : : : :
: : : : : :
-0.4
i i ~ ! l 1
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 1B
WIO SCREEN WI GUIDE VANE
1.2
:
o HULL I .... Psandfli11heannul~
t. Q:l • (P n:i;l"~rtriiv272r·+·········E!!~~~·r!?!!)~··~J~J~0~·~r:n~~·!!~~ ..··
o - ...... -
,....., (P J )/(PT,AN- p!ttl )
R. -ri\'l
i
1
PI anq TI in the annulus
1 j
0.8
en
en
0
-I
<!l 0.6
Z
~W
-I 0.4
....
en
en
0
-I 0.2
Cl
0
0
:J: 0
-0.2
-0.4
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8

ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 1C
WIO SCREEN WIO GUIDE VANE
12
EmptY points:Mac~ # found fran} average
o HULL. . i Ps iand Pt in the annulus
t:. QJ. (~~:?fl:.).i1p.f..mL. Bll~glP.9!.I).l§ ~.!!9~!tf.9.~n9..f.~9.m>m.<;!§.~..~.9.'!Y .
o - Cp' •• (Pd ,P/Nl/(Pr ~P/N) i ra~fromvenn.Jri,iandaverage
'1' ,ANi 1 Pt and Tt in the annulus
en 0.8 •••••••••••••••••••••.!. .i ! j l t .
en
9
(.!J 0.6
I
·..·..· · ·t-····..···· ·..t
I I
··..·-l- ·
I I
·t···..· ·······to
..·· ······I..· ·..·..····~
I ·····..··· .
Z
~
W
..J
.....
en
en
0
..J
0.4
0.2
----I----I-----j-.d----- :~--f'---
!
.....................: II ill :i ; - i
············;· ········ ··..···r··.. ··········..····..r·· ! !
: .
Cl : : : : : :
8:r: :
! ii
:
:
i: i ~
0 ······················r········..··· ········f····..········ ······~··· ··..·············1·····················.1": "[: .
: : : : : :
·0.2 ......................-: i !: i! !: ~
1 i
~ .
~ ~ ! i i !
: : : : : :
! : : : : :
: : : : : :
·0.4
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 1D
WI SCREEN WIO GUIDE VANE
12
iEmpty point~:Mach # fou~d from average
, o
A
D
HULL
- ......
a
= " : \,. '""!
i !
~. ~p(~.:.~~~).lr''!o,~lp•.,,~ .\f.!J!~9.PP.~~.~1~Me9h.!!.!9.~.d9.rrp.'P ..~~~.i!~~
Ps and Pt ih the annulus!
! rate from ~entun. and av~rage

.
! ! ! i Pt and TI in!the annulus!
en 0.8 .....................L -I _ J 1 L l .
en
0
..J
(.!J 0.6 .....................1. 1 1. 1.. .1. 1 .
-----\-:-+---~---
Z
~
W
..J 0.4
.....
en
en
0
..J 0.2 ·····················1············....·······r·····················i···········..·········r··················..··r···..·················i······················
Cl
8:r:
0
I I I I I I
-0.2 ==-~I=~I~-~J:=~~[::=]:r:~
-0.4
I I I I \ I
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
55
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 9
12
o HULL \
l>. cp • (P
m
·PR.)/(PV2/2 f·"t·····················I······················l·····················1"·····················
o -Cp' .'(PR..Pm)I(PT,AN·P~)
· ·•·········•·..· ..··1······..· ..•..···..····,..········..··..····.'\ ····..· ..··..·····.i ···
\
·······
l
·;····
l
~ .
O.B
en
en
0
-I
Cl 0.6
Z
~
W
-I 0.4
....
en
en
9 02
0
0 ~ . ~ j I l
L. ~.~\Y.P.9.im~.:M.!!J..!'.!9!!~.~.!m~.!!~.~!i!g~
0
:r: ......................1.. .\.. ....•.......••
0 ; : ; : Ps and Pt in the annulus
i i i Fiped points :Mac~ # found from rnj.ss flow
1 i 1 \ ral~ fro~ venturi, ang average
-0.2 ......................, , ···-P+aoo:n tooaMUfus .
~.
:
~: ~: ~: ~: ~:
! : : ; ; i
-0.4
'j
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 O.B
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 98
12
l
o
l>.
HULL
cp .(Pm'1'~)1(·P.;,ZI··+· ..··..··..········+..·····.. ·'O'..•• + j ..
c -CI1 .-(PR.-P;A'l)/(PT,AN'P~) l : l
0.8 ........................;,. i ~ _ i...... . ~ i .
en
8 ! ! l Gi • ! l
-I
Cl 0.6 ......................1 1. 1........... . 1 1 .
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.
Z
:>
U) i f ~ f ~
-I .....................1 :. " ~ : l : .
.... 0.4
i: i l i l
en : : : :
en
.....................-:-~ . ~ :~ -:~ l:
0
-I : ";" .
02
0
0 i ! \ Enipry points:Machj_ found from av~rage
0 l : : : Ps and PI in the annuiUs
:r:
0 .....................l... L l... f.!~I~?~~~!:' .. :~.~.0.l~.!~.~~~!.'!!!':'..~~~.~~'!! _
i i i i r.lle !rom venturi. and i'verago
! ; ; : PI ana Tlln the annullis
i i: ; ~ i: ~
-{).2 ..................... ,;-: ; .:.: :
~ ~
:
; .
: : : : : :
~ ~ 1 ~ ~ l
-{).4
~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
56
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 9C
12 . . .
: E~: ty poinls:Mach ~ found from av~rage
0 HLA.L i . . Ps aIjd P1 in the annull.is
A '" • (P .••• ;'P:.l·11r·v2rzl······!.. ···············Ej1~d.poinl.s •.:Mach;ttJllUruUrQ.mma)is.JJrm ..
't' N>l F1- p : ; raJe from ventun, and ~erage
c - Cp' •. (P R.' AN P ; II (P P ;l
T,N-l' PN
:
;
P1 ana Tlln the annulus
; :
0.8
~
....................... •••••••• n •••••••••••• i i ! ··..····.i i .
en
~-.-.-~~~=-.=-\=-~=~l~---
en
0
..J
(!) 0.6
Z
:>
«
w
..J 0.4
......
en
en
0
..J ...................... i ~
~: !: -:-~ !
':
i: .
02
Cl
8:r: \
!
\
:
\
: :
\ \ \
0 ····..················{··..···················l·····..··· ~ + {: :
! .
: : : : : :
i i i: i: ;: ~
: : :
: : : : : :
·0.2 ··•··..····..··..·..·i·· · ·······..:·..··..•..········.. ··?··..····•··..•..·····+·····················i············· : .
: : : : : :
l ~ ~ i ~ ~
j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
·0.4
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 O.B
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
GENERIC MODEL
CONFIGURATION 9D
12 .. .. ..
E}rpty points:Mach # found from a~erage
o HLA.L :
; ,
. , .
: Ps;md P1 in the ann~lus
A cP • (P ·..::p·;·)T(·ii?"72)······i..··· ··.. ·······F.~lad.pojnts :Magh.I!1Oundfr~mJjJass'Ocw .
N>l f!. P: ! ra(e from ventun ang average
, l/(P pi I ! P14ndTtlntheann~lus
c - Cp' •• (P R.' p.i\"l r.AN' IN : ; ;
0.8
en
en
0..J
(!) 0.8
Z
~W
..J 0.4
......
en
en
0
il@-; ~~ : c; i
..J 02
Cl
0
0
:r:
0
·0.2
·0.4
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 O.B
ANNULUS MACH NUMBER
57
CIRCUMFERENTIAL VARIATION OF Cp
TEST 49 OF CONFIGURATION 1
1.2
! i CP L(p i -P )1/(e /;2) i
··(i ·· j"..·..·..·
l
-e-HUB V2
1.1 _ _ Sl-flCIJD ·····"j"···········t······..· .! loy fl, \ ·.. t j
....······T........··r·..······t·.. . .·. (·.. . M~·=·O··'5f·· ·.. j"'· ( t..· · · . (·..·.···j"'..·..··..
0.9 ········..·1····..······r· ··..·r·..········T······· ·!·..·········r..··········r··.. ·······T············!············~············r···········
0.8 ..............~ ; ~ j ; .0 •••••••••• i ~ J i i ~ .

0.7 ............t t J l I J 1. 1 t ~ t .
............;.i i
~
!
~
i i i:
~ ;.
l
.;
!
~
~; ~
:
i
.;. .
0.6
0.5 ........... .;.l ~; !
:
~
~
l; ~: ~
.;
!
~
~; ~.
:
~
.;. .
: : : : : : : : : : :
Cp 0.4
0.3 ::::::::::t::::::::::1::::::::::::l::::::::::::t:::::::::::t:::::::::::I::::::::::::1::::::::::::t:::::::::::t:::::::::::!::::::::::::t:::::::::::
i
:
i
:
i: i:
i :
i: i: !: ~
:
1: 1:
0.2 •••••••••••1'.••..•••.•••:-•••••••.•••:- 1" ····1······..·····:············:-···········:-············r···········:-···········:···········
0.1
:
···········1···· ~ i : . . ! 1. 1. ! :
·····r···········
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Circumferential Position of Pressure Tap (Degrees)
1.3
1.2 --G- HUB ••••• i l cp-Ek,\oc.{p.Ft.)1.I.p\l~.I.~ + + 1 ..
1.1
~ ~~ ....·I············I····~#jfO:6~·I······ ..····I·····..·····1············t···········t············l············
···········l······..····~············~·········· . ·r···········r·········..·r·······..···r..··········l··········.. ·r············r············~············
0.9 ···········~············t············I··········ut············~········· .. ·t············t············~············"t·········· . ··~············t············
0.8 . . . . . .1 J i t l J i ~ 1. t l .
0.7 . . . . . . l .l J J l .l i t l. i l .
0.6 . . . . . . .l J J t 1 J ~ ~ l. .t i :..
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2 ············1············~············~············r···········1············~············~·· ..· _.
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

58
1.3 : : : : : : 2 : : :
.... -e-HLS
i i !C = (If - P: )/ (PY /2) ! i i
1.2
1.1 .... - b - - SHROLO
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
a
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
/ Circumferential Position of Pressure Tap (Degrees)
1.3
.. --e--HUB
1.2
-b--SHROUO
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
a
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
O' 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
59
1.3
~]~I~;f~l~l~~t~~trf;t:]-:-J~~:;~-
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1 :::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::C:::':::::r::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::
-0.2 ~ 1: .J........ .Li L 1 ~.. . l.. li t.......... ~ .
: i ! ! :
: : : :
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
1.3
~~~~t~f~~~~~~=!~~~;-~=~-I~==:I~~~~
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::I:::::::::I:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r.::::::::::::
0.6
............~ l i. l J .t j ~ 1. t __ l. .
Cp 0.5
··········+···········t············I············t············I············t············\·············\············1···········+·········+···········
=a:.=13:==F:E]~,I:~::l:T:I~-
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
::::::::::::I::::::::::::t::::::::::::\::::::::::::t::::::::::::1:::::::::::1::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::1:::::::::::::I::::::::::::L::::::::::
!: ! ~ ~ : :: i !: ~ ~ i
........ : :
:............ : . :: -:-..... .: : : :: .:
-0.1
. .
~
.: . : :
: . : : '
: : : : :
~
.
-0.2 ··········.. ·t···04···· ~ . ·•·.. ·······I············~············t·· · ·~.·.·········t······· t ~ ~ .....•....•. ~ .
~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ l
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
60
1.3'
~~~t~=~~1~1~!~=~l~C1Y:/2:11~=I~~==
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
:::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::C:::::::::r::::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::
0.6
............J l i l ~ .t j j t J l. _ .
Cp 0.5
0.4
····~···I·····~·····t·····8·····I·····e·····t·····8·····\·····8·····t·····
..·I·····..·..
············l············I············~·········
8 · · ·\· · ·8· · · \· · ·8 \.·····Q······l·····o \
..··········i············r············f············I············
··~············1············l·
0·····
0.3
0.2
::::..·::::r:::..·:::T·.. .·.·T·.. . .:::r::::::::::::C::::::::T::::::::·r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r..·......T.. ·.. . .
............:; ..;. ;
i
..;.
~
:
~
.;.
i
:
i i: ; ; .;. .
0.1 : : : : : : : : : :
0
..............i l .! l L 1 L L.~ t l l .
·0.1
iii i ~ i i ! ~ f I l
·..········.. .r····.. .··.. .·r····.. ·······i····..·······r············r········..··T···..···.. . . . ·r············r···········1"············f············y··········..·
: : : : : : : : : : :
-0.2 ············~············t········ . ··.. !·..··..····..··t············r.. . . ···..·..··1.. .··.. .···.. ··r············~············1"············r············1"·········· . ·
: : : : : : : : : : :
·0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
1.3
_ _ HUB i I ~=(p!.P l)/(pV4/2) j i I
=J~=~]=t~~t.~:t]:=1=i::=E::E:
1.2
1.1
~ iii iii i l ~ i
0.9
0.8 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::
G-; e 1"I 0 ;-j 0 1"•••
..............;
Ie! e I e ~ e ~ e ~ 0 ! 0 ; 0
·········!··..····· ··r············:···········..r·..···..· · :············r············r···········
0.7
iii ! i i ! i . ~ i ~
Cp
0.6
0.5
. . . . . ··r.. . . .·r.. . . .T.·.. . ::r.::::::::::::L::::::::::r:::::::::..r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::......·T..........·
i i i¥ •••••••••••. !: : :
¥ .••••••••••• :•••••••.•••• .:. ••••..•••••• : .•••.•••••••
0.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: • • • • • • • • • • • • ,:..
: :
:
:
,:. • • • • • • u
: : :
•••• ;
: : : : :
0.3 ............~ + ~ +..··········i············+············~············+· . ··········~··········· . +············i············
i i ! ! ! i ! i ill
0.2 ·..·····..·····!..···········t···········!·····.. . .···..t···.. ··.. ·····!····..·······t···········\············t············!············t············\············
0.1
0 ::::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::[:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::
=:=i:::=t::::1:::~=~:=+:=j=::\::I=I::I:
-0.1
·0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
61
TEST 101 OF CONFIGURATION 1C
1.3
1.2 ·········\············I·····cP"~·(·p.tcxJ.P.ft)~(·plj·~/·~)··········+············1············
.......... --&- H1J8 !
1.1 •..••••••• ~ Sffi~ ·········I············I······M~.~fr·~~············I············t···········t············j············
... u········~········ ..·T········..·r········..·f·..·········r···········r········..·~············l············r··········l············l············
0.9 ············,·······.. ···t············~······ .. ····t········.. ··~············~······· ..····t··········.. l············~·············}········ .. ··t············
: : I : : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : : : : :
0.8 · ; ·..·· i.· ~ ··········;··········.. i············.c·············;············j············.( ;..; j••••••••••••
i : : : : : : : : : :
:
0.7 ··..········l········..·.. : ···· ··...;.···.
:
·~· .··· :
···~··· ,: .;.: :
~ ;: :
.;.._ :
~ ;: .
! : : : : : ! : : : :
0.6 ...............! ! + ~ ~ ~ ~ i············~·········· ~ ~ .
Cp ................! !.. l .i. . ; ~........ ! l l t ~ .
0.5
0.4
:
.................... ; !:
; ~ :.
1: ~
~ :.
;
;
:
,:.
::.
;; .
i i ! 1 ! iii 1 ~ i
=:l:::]=~l=E=E=:E:EI:]::i::I:=
0.3
0.2
0.1 : i: i !: i: i .l ~ ::
0
. . .··..·······r··.
......... ....... : ···.. . .···f·. . .·..···.. ·y····. .
.·.. ···..·r·······..·..·r.. .·.. ·····.. . y··········..1..····..······i·········..·..
-0.1
. . . : : : : : : : :
-0.2 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::F::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::F:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::F:::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3
1.2 ............ --&-HUB ·······i·······9.P~.tP-l.J·:·p.F1A!·cp.y~·4gL j ···+············1············
: : : : : : : :
1.1 _ _ SHROUD ·······l········MAN·E·O·."6~··········!············j············j-···········t············i············
·• •..•· +·
. . .
··t..••••..•·..•.. ·t.. •..•
: :
• •.. ~· ..•..•· •.. ··~ _··..·
:
t···.. ··..·.. ···:
: : : : :
· ···t· ··.. ···.. ··~· . ··.. ·······~············t······ .
0.9 . . . . . . . .l J i t 1 1 1 J 1 1 ~ .
0.8 .......l L i t 1 1 t J l l .t .
0.7
0.6 ':::::::::::1::::::::::::\::::::::::::1::::::::::::1:::::::::::1::::'·::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::1:::::::::::1::::::::::1::::::::::+:::::::::::
Cp 0.5 . . . . ...1 .1. i ~
:::!:
i. .:. : ~ 1 1.... . ~.
0.4 ................+ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ·····..7···········+.. ···········:··.. ···..· ·
: : : ! : : ! : ! : :
0.3 · ········+············~· ··..···..·i..·..·· ···.. ~········· . ··+···········f···..····· ·i.. ···········~····· ~ .._ + ~ .._ .
:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
0.2 . ··.. . . .·. . ··T···········..i······.. . . . ··i····.. .···.. . .i··...... ·..··;..···..··..···..i············y···········T·..····.. . . ···i············
0.1 . . . . ···r··········T······
: ::
. · ···· . ··········r·.
·~· ·~· .········1..··..
. . : : : : :
.· ········~··· ~ ···i··· .
·····~············i·······
0 . . . . . . . ·.···l·.. .·········f.. . . .· ····..~···· ··.. ··~········· . ··r·····..·····1···..·.. ·.. ··r···········~············r· . ·········t············j··..·········

-0.1 ..............·····,..···········..}······· ···t········· ·c·..··········o(·············)···..····..···)······..·····c··· o( -: ~ .
: : : : : : : : : : :
-0.2 .................. ~ ~ .i i J l i i l L i .
iii ! ! i ! ~ ~ ~ l
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

62
CIRCUMFERENTIAL VARTIATION OF Cp
1.3
. - G - HUB ····I t e;,·~(.I\OC~p.Ft·)l~V·~J.~ ·~ I 1 .
1.2
1.1 •
····..
~ SHR~
·····~··· ..·· ·t·········..·t··..
I +·..·M4·~·O:7+
········~······· ~
I..·
: .•••••••.••• ~
·+ ·+ +.·
~
1
1' ••••••••••••: •••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••
..
: : : : : : : : : : :
0.9 ............; i i ~ ; i i ~ ; ; i .
i ~ ~ iii l ~ 1 ~ i
0.8 ········..·t············~············~············t············r········ ··f············l··········..t············f ,of" ···········1············
: ! : : : : : : :
0.7 ••••••••••••$> •••••••••••• , •••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••• ~ •• ···········;..············l············~············.;.··· ;. }: ;: .
! ! ~ ~ : : ~ ! ~ i ~
•••••••••••.l.••••••••••••~ ••••••••••••:••••••••••• : .•••••••••.:.•••••••••••• ~................ .•••:.•••••.••.•••~ ••••••.••••• ~ ••.•.••.••.•:•••.••••••••
0.6 : :: ::: : : :
Cp 0.5 ···········1············~············i············t···········+············i············i············t···········t············~············~············
i : : : : i : : : : :
0.4 ···········f············:············~············~···········f············:············:············~···········f············:············:············
........... i ~
i: ~
:
~
~
~
.:.
~: ~
:
l
;.
~
~
i: l: .
0.3 : : : :: : i : : :
0.2
: : : : . ::
···········1············r···········r·········· f···········1············r···········r··
:
...
: :
·····:···········:············~············l·········
:
: : . : : : i : : . ;
0.1 ...........? !..... ·····r···········y···········1············r···········r···········y···········1············r············1··· .
::
...........:: : : ········:············:············r···········:·······
:.......•....: : : : : ;: :: :: .
0
iii iii ! ! ~ ; ;
-0.1
-0.2 :::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::[::::::::1::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::
! ~ iii .~ 1 1 ~ i i
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3
-G-HUB ! ! C ~(P i. p )hpV 2 /:ll i i !
=;:;~t=f~i~:~f-~~=l:=~:i::r:l===
1.2
1.1
0.9 ············.············i············i·.···········;··.·······.. i···.···.····i············.:.············j··· { ~ .............•............

! ! : : : . : : : : : :
0.8 ............\.••...••..•.i•.•.•...••.. i ~... . ; ~ : ~ i J l .
0.7 ! ! ; + ! j + ~ ;..... j 1
=~r~:f:=.~;!~~El-;t=.~=.:-~ll:l-
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
. . : : : : : : : : .
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0
~=.fJ~=.[?~j~;E}~:[--t:[r:
iii ! ~ i l i ! 1 1
-0.2 ············.············i············~·············;············i············i ~ ···.i.•·•··.·•. ··(···········.i·············;.·····.·.···
~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ; l
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

63
1.3
. -e-HJB
1.2
1.1 . ---.!<- SHfOJD
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3
1.2
1.1
- e - HJd
~~
..·•.. \···_········t
. . . l..· ·. . ·.t
·Cp+j\~:.p.Ft.+PV~./+ ++
M4i·=\):~ ....· ·..l.. . . · . ··t·..· ·.. t····.. ···..·i······ ~· ..·..· ·
\ .
···..·····..~··········· . ~············r···········r······ ..·..1··········..i······ ···~·········· ....r···..·······I············~············1············
0.9 ......·.. ····~······.·.···,·· ..········c·····..·····<C·········..··}..··········t·····..····.. c·····..·..···o(········..···l-············)············t···..··· ..
0.8
............t j ~ l .t i J 1. .t ~ ~ .
0.7
...........1 \ J t 1 J i 1 1 \ .] .
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 ···········l············~············~············r···········1············~············r··· ..······r·······..···~ j ~ .
-0.1 ···········1············~····· ..·····r····..·····1·········...·~············~············1············r············~············~············1·· ..·····..·
-0.2 ........•...> , «•••••••••••• 0(•• ···········>············)············c·······..···t···· ,. , ( .
i ~ ~ ~ Iii i ~ ! i
-0.3
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

64
1.3
1.2 -e--H.JB
1.1 -.!o-- SHFOJD
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330
1.3
1.2
1.1 ~:., =*=f:J;~#~ll~=:=l==~=t:i:=
·······..···r···········r····..······r··..·······l···········1···..·..·····r..···..·····!·..···.. ····1·...···..·..·r····..·····r···········r···········
0.9 ······.. . . . .·r··.. .······..r···········r····..·····l············f· ·········r···········l··········..r···········r···········1"·········.. 1···········
0.8 ···..···..··{············{····..·······i······.. ··.. . +············t-·· ·..······) ···· ··I······..· ·(·· ·..·(·····..·····(············v···········
0.7
............i L L........ ~ i .i. ;.. . I J. L .l. .
0.6
............i ~ i l L L t j ~._ j l .
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
! i i j i l ! i ! 1 j
-0.2 :::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
65
1.3
i i i i i ! i 2 iii
1.2 - - - - 0 - HUB ---l·--:-·€···HP-···:···~····TI:-(-pV-··r.n-·····+·········+ ..- ..-
I i Pi Loq FL i I ! !
1.1
0.9
·~·-Fr~~~·l=\= -'~f~~~l~~==T=~~~~~I~~~~~~~~~~~F~~~~~l==
- -..-1·---····0(·..·.._- -·_-·(---;..··..__ ··)..·.._·..··(
;.. "
\ ;. _ -
O.B .----1 -.-1..-.-..1.--.-.1.---1 ---\.--..-1 -..-.1..- -..1 1- L--..-

0.7 --__L. ..t. . l _._l l__ j J__._.L_ .L..__ L l. .
0.6 .. i _l .l .j .__ l..- ;.._ __i.... .._l _ i ~ L l _.
Cp 0.5 .........._J __ L I _ :._.__l l L l........ .L L l. .
0.4
0.3
: . +_.- "1""- -\-.-._+.... : ··········\··········+···········r·······+···..········1········....·
·..·..······r···..·······r-·······l·_···--·i·· ··_··1······_···1..········-r ·······-1···..···..
:
··~············f·
0.2 ·--·-··t·-·-·····r···----:'···· ·····1··_·-1·..·······1··_..····1············ ···.. ·..·····i····.. ·······1·····..···-·y·····.. ····..

0.1
~ . ···r···---t····_-···\··-_··-·t···_-··t·········t···········t-·······i···· ~ ~
0 ·_··-·i·······..····r.. .·····-··~··· . ········r·-····..l············~-··· ..-..·r···········r············~·· . ·········r········..··"f··········-
-0.1 ·- ···_··l··-··-····o[··_..····.. ~···-·--···~·····-··_;.·· } -.( ;.............•............ '!•••••••••• _+ .
-0.2 .- i J .\ _ L._-.l. _j J l. J L 1 .
-0.3
~ ~I ~ ! ~ ! ~I ~ ~I ••
~I ••
~I •• I
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300.330 360
66
TEST 11 OF CONRGURATION 9
1.3
1.2 .... - 0 - - HUB -·I·....·······I..··········f.p.,,·L~t~·:·p.k.lL!.p.¥.~·!.g·)···I···· ..······I············j············
1.1
.••• ~ S~OJD ···I············I··_·········\MAN·=f:7~·····t···········t············\············\············\············
............. ~ , ·······t········.. ··i······..
~ ~ ····~···········'t············)············:············t············
0.9 ............t l .t t ~..... . 1. ui 1 ~ ~ l. .

0.8
~ !
············'!······..·····t············;.··
i :! i ~ ~ -.. ~: .,. . ~
+ ~ ~ ~ :~ ~
~ .
:: ::::: :~
0.7 ··..····..·..t····..·····t·····..·····;············i············i············1············+·..········t············~············!············1············
0.6
: : : : . .
··"!"········t···········t············t············:·· ·····i············t··
: : : :
·····t···········t············~············~··········
:
.. 1' .
Cp : : : : : : . : : : :
0.5
0.4 ··········..t..·····::::r::::··::::r::::::::::j::::::::::::j:::::::::::r:::::::::r:·····:::::::::·::::::i::::::::::::;:: ; .
0.3
i ! ! i i i ~ i t ! ~
············!···········r············:············:············r···········r···········:···········:············!············:············r···········
~ ! ! ! ! ! ~ ! i ~ ~
0.2
0.1 :::::::::::r::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::l::::~::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::
t : : : : : : : :
0 ············:-···········r············:-············:············!············:············t············:····· : :: :: .
t t t : : : : : : : :
············~·············~············i·.··········;·
-0.1 : : : : ···········i·.··········~·.···········:·············;.············i············j············i.·····.·····
: : : : : : :
-0.2 ............ : ~ .:,;. ::, :
···t···· :
~
:
~ .:,;. ::,. !
~
: ~
:
~ .
iii i i ~ l ~ l ~ ~
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3
1.2 ......-. - 0 - - HUB t ···········I······..····I.. Cf'·;;·(h0C·:·~-RyL~y.~1.2jl······ ..····j.····..·····f·······..··
1.1 .••.•.•• - - - SrRlUO ···········i············l..·MAN~t>:~···I····_·······i········ ..··\············l············t···········
·····.····.·i··· ··· ·;. ··· ·i ·· ··i.•...·· ·<•••..•••...• ~.•...•••....·).••..·•••.•. ·i· j•••••••••••• "•••••••••••••; •••••••••••
O.!! O6····..•·..·t···········~· ..·.·· ··\····.····..·!··..·····..·!···..··· ·t ···· ~·· ····..·\····.···· ! ! ~ .

0.8 ............i l .\ J 1 1 1 J ! L l .
0.7
0.6 ::::::::::::1:::::::::::1:::::::::::1::::::::::::1:::::::::::+::::::::::L:::::::L:::::::::\::::::::::::I::::::::::::L:::::::i::::::::::
=l=H~i-i-=~.::i.::i~~J~:=~:t:=
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3 ··..····..····T···········~···· ·····r···········~············~············~········ ···1············i···· .. ······~····· ·····i············T···········
0.2 ...... ..r..·········1···········T···········~····· ····r·..········r···········i ···········~············~············r···········r··· ....
0.1 , • • • • 06 • • • • • • <••••••••••••<•••••••••••••)••••••••• ·)············l············~·············:············
. . . . . . .t .l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . "' ). • • • • • • • • • • • • ) . . . . . . . . .
0 ~ ~ t t .t i..... . I t 1 .
-0.1
-0.2 ··········::L::::::::L:::::::::\::::::::::::!::::::::::::1:::::::::::1::::::::::1::::::::::::\::::::::::::\:: :::::::!::::::::::::L: .
-0.3 ~ i ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 1
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

67
1.3
~~!=g~l~t~~=~~~::I;:;1:0-:
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
a
-0.1
-0.2
· ······"j"·········.. t·..·········\······ ··!···········+..··..·+···········\············t·····..···+········.. i· : ( .
-0.3
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
1.3
~~;;~~:==~=~~r~t~;;.t::I+=l:=\===
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
: : : : : :1: : : : :i:E: : : : :I: : : : !: : [: : : i: :i: : : :i~t: : : : : i: : : :!: E: : : :lI: : : : :E: : : :1: i: : : : '
~ ~ ~ ~
0.6 ············i······.. ····~·.. ·····r···········T············~· ..····..·.. ..···..···r·········..l··..······..r···..··
~·· ··~············T············
Cp 0.5 •••• • .;. j >.... ·····i·············;·········..·c ; <..........••.; .••......... ~..... . .
0.4
0.3 ::::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::1-":::::::..1::::::::::::I::::::::::::L::::::::::I:::::::::::..
i i ! iii i
~: : : : · +: : : : : :I: : : : : : L: : : : :
l ; l 1
0.2
0.1 ::::::::::::;::::::::::::, :::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:: :r:::::::::::r::::::::::::
=~=::+:~_:-::l~=l=-¥:\:~l=\=l:\:::
a
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

68
1.3
II! ! ! ! ! \2
........ - 0 - HUB ......•.. +···..·.·.i....·....·..+..·........·!·..·........ f:p"'~P.loC'~·E~[.)l ~.p\{ ... I.2.+..
: : : .==.~~.
1.2
1.1
:.:::::::::::L····:::::!::::::::::::i::::::::::::!:::::.. ··:::t~~:~t~~:::::L:::::::::J:::::::::::
0.9
0.6
0.7
=~=t-~:*-=t=~=-i.::i=\=:1=\::::j::
0.6
:::::::::::r:::::::::I:::::::::r:::::::..:r:::::::....i........::::r::::::::·..C::::::..:r:::::::::r::::::::::r.:::·.:::::::r::::::::::
=$~:=1==::t==\:-t=+::+:=\:=ll=
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
:::::::::::r::::::::I::::::::::r::::::::I::::::::::r::::::::I::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::
~=t=\=l=~=-t::4=:=-=\~~\==-\::\t::
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 160 210 240 270 300 330 360

Circimferential Position of Pressure Tap (Degrees)
1.3
1.2 ···•······..·.}·····.. .
······~·······
. ·····-:-·..··
. ····l··· : . .-:-.......... . } ~ } - .
~ .
1.1 ............t l J..... ..: J l i ~.. . l. .l l. .
~ i ~ iii ~ i ; ~ !
.............;............... ···..i············t············!·..·········1············~·············t············t········· . . .:. .
0.9 . . . . . . l r..-· ·.I _t..· . _.· : ·~ j· _..·.. ·i·..·.· t·· ····t· ·r · ·
0.6 ············r···········r············r········ r············r···········1············~····· ·····i············r············i············r········· .
0.7 ···..············I··.·····..··v•..··.•.....(.•.......•...J.•....••••••.(.•••••.•.•.•.J.......... < ~ ••••• ,I• • • • • • • • • • • • •
0.6 •••••••••••.t•••••••••••• l l 1 J l J i t t J.••••••••••••
Cp 0.5 ...........J l J l J l t l L .i l .
=R==~=I==i==l:=t::I=:i::=t\-
0.4
0.3
:::::::::::r:::::::::I:::::::::I::::::::~I::::::::::[::::::::I::::::::::I::::::::::I::::::. =:=.~.~~~ . ~::::::::::::

0.2
0.1
0
C~=(PLob·PFL~/(pV 12 ) 1 iii iii
-0.1 :::::::::~f:;.:?;i~:::::::::r::::::::::F:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::
-0.2 ············~············1············~············1············r············f············r············~············r············i ············r··_·········
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 160 210 240 270 300 330 360

69
1.3
1.2 ........ - 0 - - HUB ! ·······..·+········..I··..· ··+·Cp·=fl?mc·tl?F[·}lipV?:.,.2} \ .
1.1 ........ ~ ~ROJD . ·•······.. ·t·····.. ·····I..··········t..·· ft:NI,..l7: °t··..·.... ···l············t··..··.. ···"j"···········
M 5
··········..:········.. . . . . ·..··I············1'············1············1'············,············-:-···..
~······· ·······l·············~············t············
0.9
0.8 ::::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::\::::"····::!::::::::::::\:::::::::::-\-·::::::::::I::::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::1::::::::::::
iii : i i . : i ~ 1
0.7 ············:..··········{-············l··· ····.,.······.. ····t············~············l·· ..········-:-... ··..·:·············l'········..··t············
i i : ~
............:~.............: ·········;·····..·····..;.·····
iii
···1··
~ ;
······..;.············i············..;.····..······;··········
~ l
:.. .
0.6 : : : : : : : :
Cp 0.5 ......•.....1 1 1 1 j 1 J l ~ l ~ .
0.4
i ! iii i ! ~ ! ~ !
0.3 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::j::::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::
: : : : . : : : : : :
0.2
0.1 ::::::::::::r..······:::r:::::::::T:::..···..t···:···::::r::::::::::t·:::::::::::;::::::::::::r::··::··"(·:::·::::T:::'::::::r::::":::::
0 ············i············i·············j············t············i..··········+············~············t············ ~ ·············t············i············
-0.1
: : : i
··..·..·····:············f············;············+···· ;: +! :: +! :: .;:
::
.
: : : : ! i : : : : :
-0.2 ·······....·~ ....········~ ..··········i··.. ········+············~············+············i············+············i············~············i············
: : : : i : : : : : i
: : : : : : : : : : :
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 160 210 240 270 300 330 360

WIO SCREEN WIO GIDE VANE
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 160 210 240 270 300 330 360

70
1.3
........ -o--HUB
1.1 .••••..• - - . ! > - SHFUJD
0.9
0.7
Cp 0.5
0.3
0.1
-0.1
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 160 210 240 270 300 330 360

CIRCUMFERENTIAL VARIATiON OF Cp
WIG SCREEN WIG GUIDE VANE
==
1.3
1.2
1.1 ::OOO! =~=:I=:==rj~~~:~~tl'.".l~:=:l:_:=
0.9 =1=1=::r:=:t::::;::-~=I:::-F:::::l:l:::+=::
~.:.•:.: \.:;. -.:.:.:.I,:~-:~~.:~F*~~~];;t~~::I, _;:I.:. -=~I.: .~:.

0.6
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
..•• ~ ! '1'•••••••••••• ~ :- ••
0.4
;;~_:~~:~~;~~I;~;~:::l;~I::~::--l:;:lt;f~:-
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::J::::::::::::r::::::::::::r::::::::::1:::::::::1::::::::::1::::::::::::[:::::::::1::::::::::::r:::::::::::
~ i ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

71
TEST 109 OF CONFIGURATION 9D
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cp 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3 ! ! ! ! i !2 ! ! !
1.2 ........ - 0 - HUB ..• ··+········..··pp·;;·(·p.1.~c·~.P.f.t}I.~p~ ..12.) ! +··..· ·1..· ··..·
: : t : : : : :
1.1
: : : : . ===.~~~.~.:.:::::::::::t::::::::::t~:~l~::::::t:::::::::t:::::::::t::::::::::1:::::::::::t::::::::::
0.9
...........J l L l J l J l i 1 1 .
0.8
i ! i ! iii i ~ i i
0.7 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::I::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::C:::::::::r:::::::::1::::::::::r:::::::::1::::::::::
0.6 ............~ l. .J l....... ~ ~..... . l l ~ .l ~ .
Cp 0.5 ...........j l.... 1 1 L l : l.... ~ .l ~ .
~ i ! i ! i i ~ . i ~
0.4 ..··········~············r············~············I············r···········I··· ..·······l············I············l············1············l············
0.3
0.2
:::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::
iii i ! : i 1 1 1 !
=:::E1=:J=i=:{~E:]::=E:i:i::E~
0.1
0
-0.1
! ~ ! ! ~ ! ~ i ~ l ~
-0.2 ..
············~············r············~············I············~············1············~········ ··1············~·············f············~············
-0.3
o 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

72
1.3
~~=:~~!i=-t=~t=t~~~3:J:;:t:=t:-:
1.2
1.1
~~=+:=jL.:.=~c.~?:~~+=:~=1=+::t:=l==
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 ···•··•··.. ··)..·•···· {·············I·····..······}···· ;. ·····..·······;...··········1·············;············(· .
Cp 0.5 .... . L i ~ .i L L L l ~. ! L... ..
~ ~ i ! i ~ ~
0.4
0.3 :::::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::F::::::::r:::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::
0.2 ...... ········J············~············t············.,.· , ······l····..······.,.············l···········..t············t············
0.1 i ! .L l i L L... ~._.. . L... ... ! ~
a ............: .l. J l J l l l l ~ ; .
-0.1
iii ! i
············~············I············r···········l············~·······
i ! i ! 1
..···1·..··..·····~······ ····1············r···········1············r···········
!
-0.2 ···..···..··r..·..······r·· ·..·.. ~···· r· · ··~··· ..·..·..·r············l·..· ·..·1·.. ·········~· ..·..······1····· ~ ..
-0.3
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

1.3
; ! i i ! i2 i ! i
1.2 ........ --0-- HUB ············~············~p·"'·~p.tOC:·P.6 ..)L{.p'i(...I.2.}.. j ; ;.........•...
! : : \~ : : : :
~~_·_-F'~~-I=~=r~~::~1=~=j:==t=1:::=+=~=:
1.1
0.9
0.8 :::::::::::r:~:::::::r:::::::::I::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::
0.7
···········:l:::::··:::::i::::···:····\············t··
O--;i=o::::::;:::::O=,,~= .:.
1
L
1
l.
\i \
= t-e~",,=.::4=:o=~
1:::..:·..·.·.·.·.·.1..··.·.·.·.···.·.·.·.·.-_1·.·.·.··· ·.· .
0.6
Cp 0.5 ············!············t············!······..····t············j············t············I··········..l·······,···j·············j············t··········
0.4 .............,••••••••••.• ~ , y c·..•••·••.. ··~ •..•••..c··..•• ···~············i ..······· } ~ .
=~=H=~:I::4~=:#*~*='$~t~=-
0.3
0.2
0.1
a :::::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::c::::::::::r::::::::::c::::::::::r:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::L:::::::::r::::::::::r::::::::::
-0.1 ............~ l j l J l t t t l l .
-0.2
-0.3
··········-1··········+···········1··········+···········1···········+··········1···········+······..···1···· \ +.
a 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
73
TRAVERSE NO 1
GENERIC MJDEL CONAGURATlO'l 1
,
1 4 -j--'--!-'-+--'--!--'---!----J'--!---'--f-...L-!---'-+--'---f--'--!---'--+--'---f-...L-!---,-+--'--+
12
10
4
i . . .. .
..
2 ... ··l·········f···· - e - - TEST 49 • M=0.55 ·~·········t·········i·········t·········i··········~·········t··
: : : : : : :
\ 1 - e - TEST 50 - M=0.64 ! 1 l ! ~ t ~
o ··········\·········1····· ----0- TEST 51 • M=0.69
. ~ ·····1··········1··········} ~.. o ••••••• ~ ••••••••• 1- .
:: :: :: :: :: :: ::
1 I -TEST 52 - M=O.72
! : ~ 1 ~ 1 1 ~ ~
• 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Distance From Hub (Inches)
TRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC MJDEL CONAGURATION 1
vu-
SCREEN WI GUIDE VANE
14
12
10
....... ': -:-.. o.
I
......;
i
!
--":r-€l__ bI
! TEST 49 - M=0.55
2 -G- i·········+·········}·········~·········+·········:··· .'
: : : : : :
l ! ! TEST 50 • M=0.64 !: ! ! ! ~ !
o .........j + +. ---TEST -e-
51 • M=0.69
~
: : :
iii l ~
~ ~
:
; ; ~
:
~ .
. 2
I: \: \: TEST 52 • M=O.72
-6-
! ! ! ! ! !
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
74
TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 1
14
·
12 ·········~··········!······ .. ·1··· "['
.. · '\."' .; ..
~ l ~
10
Oi
'iii
~
8
CD
:;
en 6
en
CD
a:
T§ 4
r=. .. ..
2 . . .{ \ ! -- . .
TEST 49 - M=0.55 ······i"·········~··········f·········1··········~···
l l 1 - - TEST 50 • M=0.64
...... 1 1 1 : \
0 ·······..t········t·····..··\..·····..· ~TEST 51 - M=0.69
~ ~ ;. ~ .
~ ~ 1 ~ l
1 i i ~TEST 52 - M=0.72 !: !: 1
:
1
:
1
:
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 4
14
12
10
Oi
'iii 8
~
CD
:;
en 6
en
CD
a:
(ij
4
;§
.:, ,, .:
2 ·..·..!······....r·········j......··+..······f......·· - e - - TEST 49 - M=0.55
:
······T········r········r··
0
......... ;-
I I I I I ~ .; : .;. .
--TEST 50 - M=0.64
:
·..···r.. . . . T
l l
:
. . ·.
;
:
iii i i ~TEST 51 • M=0.69 r....··..
: : : : : ~ TEST 52 • M=0.72 : : :
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : : :
• 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
75
1RAVEASEN05
GENERIC MJDEL CONFlGURATlON 1
14
12
10
OJ
'iii 8
~
!!!
::l
<Jl
<Jl 6
CD
a:
(ij 4
'0
I-
2 .. ·.j..········\·········t········+-· ~ TEST 49 • M=0.55
0
I I I I
·········l··········!·········t·········!···
- e - TEST 50 • M=0.64
- + - TEST 51 • M=0.69
\: :\ I: \ ;
-tr-TEST 52· M=0.72
• 2
o 0.10.20.30.4 0.50.60.70.80.9 1.11.21.31.4 1.5

1RAVERSE NO 6
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATlON 1
14
12
1Ir
OJ
'iii
8
~
CD
:5<Jl
<Jl 6
CD
a:
(ij
4
'0
I-
2 .......\ "( t" ( --- TEST 49 • M=0.55

j 1 1 1 - - - TEST 50 • M=0.64
0 ·········i··········!·········t········t········· - + - TEST 51 • M=0.69
- 2
! ! I I ---b--:7.TEST 52 • M=O.72
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
76
lRAVERSE NO 7
GENERIC WODR CONFIGURATION 1
14
12 ........,.........1"........
10
OJ
'iii 8
e:.
2:
:::J
Ul
Ul
6
CD
0:
iii 4
~
. : i i .
2 .. ···'Y"······T'···.... T..·····T··..···T···.. ~ TEST 49 - M=0.55
1 1 1 1 1
! I ! I I ~TEST 50 - M=0.64
0 ·········+·····.
i
. ···~··········i··· . ·····+·····..··{..···..
! ! ! ! ----TEST 51 - M=0.69
i
1 l ill l 1 1! --fz- TEST 52 - M=0.72
• 2 I I 1 I I I I I I I I--.--+-r--;--y--i--r-+-
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 1
GENERIC MODEL CONFlGURATlQ\I 1B
14
12
10
~I:III:I~i~II]]J~,:,:::
Ci
! ! ! l l ! ! l l ! ! l ! !
'iii 8 . . : i ! : ~ : .l ~ .:. ~ : .1•••••••••;...... .1.... _._
e:.
~
:::J
III
Ul
CD
0:
iii
6
i
I--l--t-+-\---I-~-l--~\-l-\-I-T
. ······r··· i
··T···· ~ i . iii
..··_···i····· ··T·····.. iii
_·····l·i :
. .
4 ···~·········r········1 ··~·········T·········~·········~ ~.........
~
2 ··..···i·········j - - G - TEST 61 - M=0.54
.
····:··· ····~···
. .
: ..····:-·········t·.. . .
·······~·········!·
:
~ .
: : i i ~ ~ ! i !
i i - i : l - TEST 62 - M=0.64
0 . . . . +: j
:
- + - TEST 63 - M=0.71 ....\.. .1 \... .1. 1... ..1. 1... .
IIII!II
: :
! ! --b-- TEST 64 - M=0.73
i i
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
77
TRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC ~DEL CONFIGURATlON 18
14
-TT~rlr--\ll-~l:~+:!:rlr
12
10
Ci
iii 8 . ••••••i .!.•.•••••••:••••••••••t .!.••••••••• i l : t l : .;. : t _.
a.
~
::J
CIl
CIl
g
Ql
a:
6
4
\-t-ll-I--I-~-fl-~-1-1-iT
i ! i ~ ! ~ iii : : : :
. ·······~·········T··· ..····r·········f·······..T·········!·········T······..·r··..·····f·········T·········~·········1·········1··········~ .
a
I-
. .
2 ........! '( ~ TEST 61 • M=0.54 ·····{··········}·········{··········i··········}····· { } .
0
j
.........\
! - a - TEST 62 . M=0.64
'1 ---+- TEST 63 . M=0.71
I I I I I I I
·····~··········f·········i"·········~·········"f·········1::::······f········
~ !: !: ~ l: ;: ~
I I-- TEST 64 • M=0.73 :
: : :
:
: : :
:
:
•2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC ~DEL CONFIGURATlQN 18
14
12
10
Ci
iii 8
a.
~
~
::J
CIl
CIl
6
~
a.
g 4
a
I-
2 ···..··t - a - TEST 61 • M=0.54 ..; ~ ; ~ i ; , i... ..

~ TEST 62 . M=0.64
0
--i3-
.........'!" --- TEST 63 - M=0.71 .1. .I.. .1 ..1 ..!. ..1 .I.. .1 .
•2
1 ~TEST 64· M==0.73
I I I II I i I
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.11.21.31.41.5
78 '
TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MJDEl CONFIGURA1l0N 18
14
J~::[[]].:II]::[I,: • . ,_ .
12
! i i i i).
10
Ci iii iii i i
~r··:rrl::r:rl:r:j=lllr!: ..
iii 8
e:.
~
::J
Vl
Vl
6
Ql
a: i i ~ ~ ~ ! i : : : 1 : :
190 4 .··· r..······T·········r..···..··r········r·.. ······i·······..1······..·r..·······i·········r·········l·········T ~......... . .
I-
2 ..··....t· --e- TEST 61 - M=0.54 ....+ ~ ~ ~. __ ! _ ~ ~ ~. .0• •
1 --e-- TEST 62 - M=0.64

0 .........!. --TEST 63 - M=0.71 . ..l.. ..I. ...l .J ..l l... .L. ..l........
I --6-- TEST 64 - M=0.73
I ! I ! II II
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 5
GENERIC MJDEL CONFIGURA1l0N 18
W/O SCREEN WI GUIDE VANE
14
12
10
Ci
iii
e:. 8
~
::J
Vl
Vl 6
Ql
a:
'iii 4
'0
I-
. . .. ..
2
0
·;·. ··i --e- TEST 61 - M=0.54
i - - e - TEST 62 -
.........j --- TEST 63 - M=0.71
M=0.64 I.II]:o.Io.[.[] . , . .
- 2
!--6-- TEST 64 - M=0.73
III III II
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
79
1RAVERSEN06
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 1B
14
12
10
c;
'iii 8
0-
~
::3
Ul
Ul 6
~
0- ·· .. ... .
ro
0
4 .······t·········t·······~·i··········!·········t···..··..t······..··l········..l···..····t·········i··········l··········l·········t·········!·· ....
l-
. . . . . . .
2 ·······t·········t - e - - TEST 61 - M=0.54 ···..·r········T·····.. ··r-···-····~··········i········· T········'r'···
!: ~ ~ 1: 1: ~ ~
\ 1 -e--- TEST 62 - M=0.64 : : : :
: : : : : : :
0 ..........t........·1' - - TEST 63 - M=0.71 ····..~ . ··..····+····..····i··········~· ~ ~ i·········
! ! -l>-- TEST 64 - M=0.73
~
:
:
~
:
:
~
:
:
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:
1
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~
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:
j
:
:
-2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
1RAVERSE NO 7
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 1B
14
.-1--:r::l:r:j=I::l~t~l:l:l·l-:il
12
10
Ci
··r:r=f:::r:~rl:rr::rl::lr!·
'iii 8
e:-
ll)
:;
Ul
Ul 6
Ql
a::
g 4 .. ······j··········~·········t·········i·········t······· .. l··········l·········t·········I·····;····~·········t·········!·········t·········j·· ....
= :
a
l-
2
r ~::~ ~ ~:~:::
. . . . . . .
·2
0
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. . . . -r '!' =: ~::~ ~ ~:~:;:
]:![]]I]
I I iii I i
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
80
lRAVERSE NO 1
GENERIC MJDR CONFIGURATION 1C
W/O SCREEN WIO GUIDE VANE
14
12 ····r········
10
Ci
iii
e:. 8
~
:J
(Jl
(Jl 6
Ql
a:
iii ........:..... . :.. : ~ ····l.·········:··········t···
(5 4
I-
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC MJDEL CONFIGURATlON 1C
WIO SCREEN WIO GUiDE VANE
14
12
10
Ci
iii
e:. 8
~
:J
(Jl
en 6
Ql
a:
iii 4
(5
I-
2 .........:-i --G-- TEST 101 - M=0.52 . . . . . . . .

! --G-- TEST 102 • M=0.62
I]]_-J] 11"_[
.........!. --- TEST 103 • M=0.71
0
1--- TEST 104 • M=0.75
IIIIIIII
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.11.21.31.41.5
81
"TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC MODEL CONAGURATION 1C
W/O SCREEN W/O GUIDE VANE
14
12
. ····r······r······r······l·······l·······r·······r·······r······l·······r·······r······T······l·····r·······
.......}••••••••• ~••••••••••( ••••••••••,.••••••••• ( ) -< 1••••••••••,.••••••••• (••••••••••,. ••••••••• -c••.•••••••}••••••••••••••••••••
10
Ci
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1
l
~ \
:
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l
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2
I I - e - TEST 102 - M=0.62
: :
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: : : : :
0 •.••••.••; ..••....•.~ - - & - TEST 103 • M=0.71 ..i ~ ~ j.•••••••••
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: : : : : : :
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: : : : :
: : : : : : :
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
"TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 1C
WIO SCREEN W/O GUIDE VANE
14
12
··l]]]]~~III::Il~II,__-
I j I I j I j I j j j I \ I
10
Ci
iii 8 ........j..•.•...J t ~ l u •••• : ••••••••• l : t l : .l.••••••••• ~ •••••••• j .
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III
Q)
6 I ILL! JJJJ .LLJL T ..
a:
iii 4
"0
I-
2 .........! - e - TEST 101 - M=0.52 u.; ( ; ~ i· ; ~ ; .
0
\ - e - TEST 102 - M=0.62
l--lr-
.........1. - - TEST 103 - M=0.71
TEST 104 - M=0.75

. 1...
:
1 ..1.
: :
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1
:
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1 .
:
- 2
iii iii I I
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
82
TRAVERSE NO 5
GENERIC MODEL CONFlGURAllON 1C
14
12
10
Ci
iii 8
e:.
OJ
:;
Vl 6
Vl
OJ
0:
iii 4
a
I- l
2 ,+ :
:
. . . . .
--e--TEST 101 - M=0.52 ·i··········t.... ·····"!··········t·········~·········~··········t·········"!······
l i ; ~ ~
.
i
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i
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1
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~
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l
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 6
GeJERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 1C
14
12
... ·····r·········\·········l·········\··········\·········1·········\·········1·········\··········\·········1 \ \.... .
. ·······(··········}·········o(··········I·..··..···>····· ..·······"!···· .
I
0(•••••••••••••••••••• -:-••••••••• ( ) 0(··········I··········~
10
c;
1 1 1 1 i ! i i 1 i i 1 !
iii 8
.......L ~ l ~ l .i i l. i l i ~ l........... . .
e:.
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III
OJ
6
j I ..I. ..1.. I ..I. ..1.. I J J...I. ..\.....1. ..1. ..
0:
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~
.........j \ - e - TEST 101 - M=0.52
2
j 1 - e - TEST 102 • M=0.62
·r······T······T·······r..····-r..····.. r······T..· ·
: : : : : : :
0 ·········1··········\ - - TEST 103 - M=0.71 ··t·······..l··········t········"j""···..·..l..·..··.."(..·····j· .
i 1 - - 6 - TEST 104 • M=0.75
- 2
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
83
lRAVERSEN07
GENERIC M:lDEL CONFIGURATION 1C
14
12
10
[[[[11°11II1[-1,_
I \ ! \ ! I I 1 1 \ 1 l \ l
Ci
"iii 8
......L l L l 1 .i 1 i. .l l L ~ l _0····
D-
Ol
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Vl
Ol
6
I 1..1. ..1. \ I I I ,I i I \ \ ..1. .
Q:
iii 4
i5
f-
·T······T·····..r··..··r······T..·. ··r..···T·.. .·. r.. . .

!
·········1· -e-- TEST 101 - M=0.52
. . : . . . . .
2
\ -e-- TEST 102 - M=0.62
: : : : : : : :
0 ..··....·1· - - - TEST 103 - M=0.71 ...~ ~.·········i·········~··········i·······.·.~ ( ; .
- 2
l---fr- TEST 104 - M=0.75
IIIII I \ I
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 1
GENERIC M:lDEL CONFIGURATION 1D
14
12
10
2 .......j
\
-e-- TEST 105 - M=0.51
- e - - TEST 106 - M= 0.61

.
T··.. . ·r··..·.I"·....·T··..·.r. . ·.I"·.. .·T·..
. . . . . .
o .........(....... - - - TEST 107 - M= 0.69 ••;•••••••••-i•••••••••• j••••••••••; ••••••••• -i••••••••••:••••••••••;••••••••
! ---fr- TEST 108 - M=0.75 Ii !~ I~ I~ I; I; !\

-2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
84
iRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC fvODEL CONFIGURATION 1D
14
12
10
Ci
"iii 8
0.
~
::J
en 6
en
Q)
a:
rn 4
~ ·· ..
2 ·······t·········~·········t·
! !
-G- TEST 105 • M=0.51
l..· . ·r..·.·l·······l..·.· ·\ l··..
T.. . . l.. . .·r.. . . . r·.. .
j - e - TEST 106 - M=0.61
0 ·········(·······(······t· ~ TEST 107 - M=0.69 I""...... I""·
! I I --6- TEST 108 - M=0.75
- 2
o 0.10.20.30.4 0.50.60.70.80.9 1 1.11.21.31.41.5

iRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC fvODEL CONFIGURATION 1D
14
12
10
..······1..··....)·......··+· - G - TEST 105 - M=0.51

2
I I !
-1-11 =::~ :~: :~:~~:
-G- TEST 106 • M=0.61
-2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
85
TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURA1l0N 10
WI SCREEN W/O GUIDE VANE
14
12
10
Ci
iii
e:. 8
l!!
::J
Ul
Ul 6
Ql
ll:
~ 4 :
0
I- :
l
:
2
·..·····!·....·····1···..···+···..·+···· --e- TEST 105 - M=0.51 ·......·::1:.... ·· ... -::::....... · .. ·I::: ....· .
~ ~ ~
j.:.:, . . · . . . . . .
1 - a - TEST 106 - M=0.61

0
........·~..........}·....·..·i......·..·f....· ~ TEST 107 - M=0.69 ........
:~ :~ :~ ~TEST 108 - M=0.75
l...
: : · ....· ..::::
.........·1:::... ··· .... ·!:::.··......·
1:
: : : :
•2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 5
GENERIC MODEL CONFlGURAllQ\l 1D
WI SCREEN W/O GUIDE VANE
12
10
Ci
iii 8
e:.
...
Cll
::J
Ul
Ul
6
l!!
a.
~ 4
{:.
2 +.. . . . j......... --e- TEST 105 - M=0.51

........j....... . ·.· . . ..
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~ ~ ~ --e- TEST 106 • M=0.61 : : : : :
..·......j......·..·;......···I......··· ~ TEST 107 • M=0.69 ~ 1 1 ~ 1
0
•2
iii
i 1 i ~TEST 108 - M=0.75 Tll·········'l······
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
86
lRAVERSE NO 6
14
12
10
Ci
iii
-
0-
( I)
::;
8
en 6
en
(I)
a:
ro 4
~
2 ........i i ~ i -e-- TEST 105 - M=O 51
! l l ! -e-- TEST 106 - M=0:61 1··········I········l······..1·········r····
0 .......) ) ) ~.. - + - TEST 107 - M=0.69 : ; •••••••••• ~ ~ ••••••••••$•••••••••
•2
1 1 I I - - t r - TEST 108 • M=0.75
III I 1
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 7
GENERIC MODR CONFIGURA1l0N 10
14
12
10
Ci
iii 8
e:-
(I)
::;
Vl
Vl 6
~
0-
ro 4
~
. . . . . .
2 ·······\········t········t -e-- TEST 105 - M=0.51 ··:··········:·········~·········:·········-:-·········1 .
! j ! -e-- TEST 106 - M=0.61 !: i

:
i: i: i: I:
0 ·········j··········t·········j· - - - TEST 107 • M=0.69 •• ~ ••••••••••: ••••••••• t' ••••••••• :.- •.•••••• ~._ ••••••• ~ ••••••.•••
•2
t
l :
~
:
j ~TEST 108 - M=0.75
IIIIII
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

\
87
lRAVERSEN01
GENERIC M:lDEL CONAGURAllON 9
14
12
10
Ci
Cii
e:- 8
(!!
:l
III
III 6
m
c:
"iii 4
~
2 ... ····+·········i········· ---a- TEST 9 • M=64 .......;. :-. .; ;. . .
.; ····r·····
i ! ---a- TEST 10 - M=0.69 ~ ~ ~ 1 1 ~
-Ii
! : : : : :
=~::~::: ~:~;:
0 ·······~····· .. ··~········· . ~·········~··········1····· +: .
: : : : :
: : : : : :
: : : : : :
~ ; ~ ; ; i
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC M:lDEL CONAGURAllON 9
12
10
Ci
Cii 8
e:-
m
:;
III
III 6
(!!
Q.
1Y0 4
I-
2
.......j 1 + ---a- TEST 9 • M=0.64 . . . . .
! ! !
0 .........j -+ f
-5- TEST 10 • M=0.69
---+--- TEST 11 • M=0.71 ]J:]:[]:
! I ! --to- TEST 12 • M=0.55
I I I II
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
88
TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC MODEL CONAGURATION 9
1 4 -!--'--!-J'-!---'--!--'--!-J--!---'--!--'-+---',---!---'--!--'--!--''---!---'--!--'-+---''-+--'-+
12
10
2 ........}. :
+ .
.J.: --e- TEST 9 - M=0.64
i·
,
.
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.
,
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iii
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--e-TEST 10 - M=0.69 1
:
1
:
1
:
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o ..........\.. . . . ~.........l........ ~TEST 11 - M=0.71
: : :
..··....·1·........+.........\·..·......\..··....·;·....·..··
: : : : :
1. 1. 1. --a---TEST 12 - M=0.55 : , : ; ;
. 2 ~ i ~ ~ ~
-t-.--;-'--r-;-'--.---i'i---r--+---r-;--,--i-......+-r-h---;---r-;---.---t-.--t-r-h---;---r-;-
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MODEL CONAGURATlON 9
14
12
10
CD
:5
~ 6
CD
a:
. . . ..·r········1·······
. . .
2 _········r·········~·········y······
: : : : :
o ..........1 \ 1. 1 \ .
• 2
IIIII
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
89
TRAVERSE NO 5
GENERIC MJDEL CONFlGURAllON 9
14
12
10
C;
iii 8
e:.
~
::J
Ul
Ul
6
Ql
a:
]i 4
~
........ ~ 1 ~ -G- TEST 9 - M=0.64
2
1 l l --e-TEST 10 - M=0.69
0
.........1..
:
1..: 1..
:
---+- TEST 11 - M=0.71
:: :: :: - l i - TEST 12 - M=0.55
- 2
~ ~ ~
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 6
GENERIC MJDEL CONFlGURAllON 9
14
12
10
Ci
iii 8
e:-
Ql
:;
Ul
Ul 6
~
a.
]i 4
.~
2 ....+ +i +.. -G- TEST 9 - M=0.64

. . . . .
···T·········r········1·········r·········~········ .
..........(
I ! !! "1""
--a-- TEST 10 - M=0.69
---+- TEST 11 - M=0.71 ....;.
~: ~: ~: j:
·i···..·····;·········i····.·
1:
;········ .~ .
0
i ~ ~ ~ ~ i
- 2
:
~
:
~
:
~
- l i - TEST 12 - M=0.55
I I I I I !
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
90
lRAVERSE NO 7
GENERIC MODa CONFIGURATION 9
14
12
10
Ci
in
8
e:-
<ll
:5Vl
Vl 6
<ll
a:
iii 4
'0
I-
2
....L. l... l ~ -G- TEST 9 - M=0.64
1 1 1 1 -e-TEST 10 • M=0.69
0
..........\ ) j t · · · --- TEST 11 - M=0.71
\ 1 1 1 -b--TEST 12 - M=0.55
~ i ~ ~
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE 1
GENERIC MODEL CONFlGURATION 98
14
: :
12
10
Ci
in
e:- 8
~
::J
Vl
Vl 6
<ll
a:
iii 4
'0
I-
.........i L L. i ; i : : :
= ]\.;
2 -G- TEST 89 - M=0.52
- 2
.........1.
I 1..I I ~::~:~ ~ ~:~.::
..1...
-lr- TEST 92 - M=0:68
:.::::::J:j ] :!.:~]~:::l:. :!:: : .
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
91
TRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC MODEL CONAGURATlON 98
14
. . . . . . . . . . ·. .. ..
-:I:I]]]]~Il:I:I]lll
12
10
Ci · .
Ui 8
........ .;. .: ; ~ .:. : ~ .;. : : .;. .: : ~ .
0-
Q)
:; 1 I ! ! I. I I ! 1 I 1 I 1 .1 .
6
.····r····..r··..·. r····..·r·····T······r······..I.·······r..· . \""'· ·. ·r··..··r·.. .·r..· . . r.
III
III
~
0-
m 4
'0
I-
2 .........+ {. - - G - - TEST 89 - M=0.52 .· ·;···..·

:
i··.·.···.·i··········;··········i
: : : : :
j.•••••.•••}•••••••.
:
! ! ! ! I ! ! ! !
. . . .+.. . .+---
--G-- TEST 90 - M=0.60
0 TEST 91 - M=0.65 ·····t·········:··········:·········f·········i·······_..: ~ .
\ I --{r- TEST 92 - M=0.68

i:
~
i:
~
;:
;
~
:
1
l
:
1
l
:
;
1
:
;
- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 3
14
. . . .. . . . .. .. . .
..: .: .
:
12
'-+]I]:]]=rI]:IJIl ::
Ci
Ui
0-
10
8 .......: .l t i l : ~ :. &O • • • • ~ ••••••••• .:. ••••••••• : •••••••••

1
.l._•••••••• ~ •••••••••
~
I ! ! I ! I ! ! I I I I I
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2 ......·..!..........f - - G - - TEST 89 - M=0.52 . ·. t·.. . . .t..·..·..·t.. . .·!·......·..t··..·..··t.. · . . ·\·......
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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.11.21.31.41.5

92
TRAVERSE NO 4
14
12
10
Q)
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~ 6
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0::
4
2 . . . + +-- TEST 89 • M=0.52

! ! - - e - TEST 90 . M=0.60
o ·········+·· 1. - + - TEST 91 • M=0.65
i ! ----6- TEST 92 • M=0.68
•2 : :
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1. 1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 5
14
Jttjj~tt-.ttttl:\~-.I:~
12
10
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rn 4
a
I-
. . . +i. . -- TEST 89 • M=0.52 . . . . . . . .
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2
0 . . . . +. - - e - TEST 90 • M=0.60
- + - TEST 91 • M=O.65 [[II
I ----6- TEST 92 • M=O.68
I I I I I I I I
• 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

93
TRAVERSEN06
14
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12
.. ······r·········\·········]"·········\·········I·········r·········I·········]"·········\·········I·········\··········\·········]"·········1·······
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i - e - TEST 89 • M=0.52
2
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0
I-- TEST 92 • M=O.68
• 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 7
14
i i . i . . . . . . . . 1
12 ... ······l·········1·········\·········1·········\·········1·········!··········l·······..]"·········I·········]"·········\·········1·········\········
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94
TRAVERSE NO 1
WIO SCREEN WID GUIDE VANE
14
]=[!J]]]]J~III-'4-
12
10
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- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Distance From Hub (Inches) (
TRAVERSE NO 2
14
12
10
Ci
'iii 8
!:.
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6
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19 4
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2 .... + -G- TEST 93 - M=0.50 ·····;·········(··········;· .;.······ i ···;·········(··········i·······

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0 .........j. --- TEST 95 - M=0.68 ....1... .l.. .\.. .1. ..I , 1.. ..I. ..I. .
l --tr-TEST 96 - M=0.74
- 2
; I i I I I I I I
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
95
TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURA1l0N 9C
14
+l~r~i=l~~\r=\~:l=l:r:::\ll
12
10
Ci
iii
a. 8
. ······I·········t·········\··········\·········I·········\·········t·········\··········\·········I·········I·········t·········\····· ...\.... ...
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2 ··········\·········t --e-- TEST 93 • M=0.50 .····i··········;·········,i··········;··········:··········i··········;·····

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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MJDEL CONFIGURA1l0N 9C
14
12 n o • . .· · · , . · · · · · · ·. . ot-·········,··········t·····..··ot-·········t··········:·······..'t··..•••.. ·~··········~·········-:-···
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i i - - - TEST 95 - M=0.68 : : : : : : :
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- 2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.11.21.31.41.5
96
TRAVERSE NO 5
14
12
... ·····1·········1·········1·········1·········1·········1·········1··········I·········r·········I·········1· \......... . . : .
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TRAVERSE NO 6
WIO SCREEN W/O GUIDE VANE
14
]]=rIJ=:[[IJI:IJI__ ,I- -
12
10
Ci
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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.11.21.31.4 1.5
97
TRAVERSE NO 7
14
12
T·······r·······r·······r·······r······l·······r······T······l·······r······l·······T·····..r·· .
10 . ······..:.·········~··········I··········)o·········~··········c··········}··········~· ..······«······O&··,·······...
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0:
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93 - M=0.50 . . . . . . . .
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2
········1----e-- TEST 94 - M=0.61 : : : : : : : :
0 .........."?'1 - - - 0 - - TEST 95 - M=0.68 ..J L .J. L l L L.~ l .

- 2
! - - 6 - - TEST
~
96 - M=O.74
iii I I I I I
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
.. Distance From Hub (Inches)
TRAVERSE NO 1
GENERIC MJDEL CONFIGURA1l0N 9D
12
10
2 ........i ~ ----e-- TEST 109 - M=O.52 . . . . . .
o . . . . + +---! ! ----e-- TEST 110 • M=0.61

TEST 111 • M=O.69
~]-_[III]
i i --6-- TEST 112 - M=O.77
III I i I
•2
o 0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9 1 1.11.21.31.41.5
98
TRAVERSE NO 2
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURAllON 9D
-WI SCREEN WIO GUIDE VANE
14
12
10
Ci
iii 8
e:-
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CIl 6
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TRAVERSE NO 3
GENERIC ~DEL CONFIGURATION 9D
14
12
10
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iii
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2 . . . .+ +
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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
99
TRAVERSE NO 4
GENERIC MJDEL CONRGURAllON 9D
14
12
10
2 .........\
I "1" -e--- TEST 109 - M=0.52
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-tr-TEST 112 - M=O.77
I I I I \ : \
: : : : : : :
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
TRAVERSE NO 5
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION 9D
14
12
10
Ci
'iii 8
e:-
CD
:;
CIl
CIl
6
CD
D:
iii 4
'0
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2 ........\.. -e--- TEST 109 - M=0.52 .~..·..····1·········r..

. . ·······~·········r·········!·········1··········i······
. . . . .
! - - e - TEST 110 - M=0.61
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! -tr-TEST 112 - M=O.77 ~
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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
100
lRAVERSE NO 6
GENERIC weDEL CONFIGURATION 9D
14
12
10
2 ········1· --e-- TEST 109 - M=0.52

! --e--TEST 110 - M=0.61
. ..
·T···. r. ·.
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o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
lRAVERSE NO 7
GENERIC weDEL CONFIGURATION 9D
12
10
2 ...+ + --e-- TEST 109 - M=0.52

i
.} +
~
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1
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;
1
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1
1 i --e-- TEST 110 • M=0.61
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II
o ··i·········+·········i··········!·········+·········~ ! .
: : : : : : :
---6- TEST 112 • M=O.77 ~ ~ !: !: ~ ~ !:
: : ! :
•2
o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
101
APPENDIX C - SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
o Raw Data Sheets for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
o Fortran Program Used for Averaging the Static and
Total Pressure in the Annulus
(l) Input Sheets for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
o Output Sheet for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
o Sample Mass Flow Rate Calculations for the Venturi Meter
1. o Charts
102
Raw Data Sheets for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
H DATA SHEET
TEST NO: 1 (I e TE'JT 0 l'- W Vi=1C, -/'.;)
CDNAGURATION NO: 'IB (W/o sce~EtJ)
MODEL:GENEQ.IC.
COMP.SPEED (RPM):
FLOW RATE: q'F,,- A~Y-
1"1.£'1 t· ," j
BAROMETRIC PRES: 2
'1 , 4 2 5 II u.~ ,.~,A ... '" '1 1-~,) or:
BAROMETRIC TEMP: =lLj' F "'1'"1'
DRY BULB: 84-"r-
WET BULB: "1/"F
RELATNE HUMIDI: 5""7-°1.
~
TIf;\t:: "1. I L "i~A- Gj >-"-- '1 ~..9",- ..... " ....::;;It.

: D. 0\. '1 1m. 1<'7> • 00,1';
VENTURI INLET PRES: (PSIGI ,,'I 3."19, '.'1l'. 3,9& 3.&!-2, '3 0,.P.
• WATER r,.q') c<"qb Ia''lt> ~,c.,.., (,,~o
~ ACROSS VENTURI: n''lo
(F) '19.1 IPI'~ '18, .... "I" "I']," 1"UII
MODEL INLET TEMP:
COMPo DISCHARGE TEMP: (F) J-vA--;-o, ;.\~ .... ",11,;'1 ·FH.' 7-1'1,4.
OATASHEET
reST NO: 11 ( I ~+ TFsr of cofJ""C, "fll), reSTOATE: 11'l J /'12

CONFlGURAnONNO: "111 (wI" Scfl..r:r:rJJ
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rsc. VALVE
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PSTAT
(Volls) iVol~)
T
(VoIIS) ~. C. VALVE AP
PSTAT
(Volts)
-.ntot
PSTAT
Nol~\
PSTAT
(Volls)
1 CN' .r 3". ·S'"3 16 eN 16 -.I) tlf
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2
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7
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•• CNG ,~~2.. .':.: ~ 23 CN23 .27.1' - .2.10

CN. .2, ,., .?~ 1 6 2< CN2. .~ 74- .4(,!.
'0 CN10 -.~o'l- .~, I" 2. CN2. -.~o'f _.4\~
11 eN11 -.,lB :17.. Ii 2G CN26 -.~Iil -·~Iil

'2 eN 12 - .!70 -.?, ~ 27 CN27 .~-:'o -. ~l'f
13 CN13 •'2. ~r." .... ~ .. 2. CN28 .~a 6 .t,,"!
eN14 -.16!. •. I (., I'
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15 eN 15 -.l~l -.ITO
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103
DATA SHEET
}.;
TESTNO: e'1 (J 11?.rr:- OF C-c>lVrIC, q(3) TEST DATE: 1-/27/'12.
CONFIGURATION NO: '10 LW/O $:CC2.EFrJ)
MODEL: G,t1'Je- e..1 Co
I TlMF. II
, I TIME I
I
jt~f(.(
II I 1:0 fO,/!
15 PSID IPORRESP. 'r:t '3
PSTAT TAT PSTAT 15 PSID IPORRESP. PSTAT PSTAT PSTAT
I~c. VALVE IPRES TAP (Valls) lis) (Valls) I~c. VALVE IPRES TAP (Valls) (Valls) (Valls)
16 34
17 US 1 0·82.5 O. B2~ 35 S1 -OO8~ -O.U\l3
18 US2 O. B15" oJd/" 36 S2 0.0'314 o· 0;4
19 US3 0.8/1 o. '311 37 S3 0.1 'UI O. I 'f1
20 US4 OR/~ 0.9'/7- 30 S4 0.''s56 V. '3)(,
.21 39 S5 ///./.- ,- /
22 H1 O'JLiL! O. '3b2- 40 S6 D.430 0.',2"5
23 H2 0.//36 O.l,?j 41 S7 0.112.- O:{'l.O
OJi~O OSLt~
~
24 H3 42 S8 (1.2'52 f)"} ... h
25 H4 0.b5B O.G5"f.. 43 SO O.Of'J,(" V.()'J1.i

26 H5 O.~22. O.~'ll 44 S 10 -(J.0(./2- -O.OH4
27 H6 O.";fIR I'l ';j /, 45 S 11 -01%' -0.111'
28 H7 O.bS'8 0.6 'i 46 S12 - 0./12- -O/'Jp.
29 H8 O.')(J . (). ';f{ 47
30 H9 O·lIM" 0.4. {J
31 . H 10 U3bO 0·'16
32 H 11 0.111.( 0.31'
33 H 12 u· '308 O.'J07-
104·
(}IA jj-
TEST NO: () -I ( I TESr 0'::' CO,,"PIC, ''In) TEST DATE: 'Tn'J h 2-
CONFIGURATION NO: q f3, (W liJ Se-e.fT:/Ii) TIME(START]: '1 :2-., a.""
MODEL: C' fNf?fLIC. TIME(END): 10.0' ~~
COMP.SPEEDjRPM) :
FLOW RATE:
TRAVERSE 1 TRAVERSE 2 TRAVERSE 3 TRAVERSE 4 TRAVERSE 5 TRAVERSE 6 TRAVERSE 7

Position Ptot(l) osition Ptot (2) Position Ptot (3) Position Ptot (4) osition Ptot (5) osition Ptot (4) Position Plot (3)
(Inch) (Voils) (Inch) (Volts) (Inch) (Volts) (Inch) (Voils) (Inch) (Volts) (Inch) (Voits) (Inch) (Voils)
SHR 1 1.500 .'?>zq 1.500 .no 1.500 .Y6S'" 1.500 • ",/ 0 1.500 ,3 D_ 1.500 .,$s" 1.500 ."'1 1 iSHR
2 1.450 .~ 1'"'1 1.450 -'11 '1 1.450 .62.13 1.450 .")rb 1.450 ."(n- 1.450 1.003 1.450 .43(, 2
3 1.400 I. 212- 1.400 1.17'" 1.400 I.' r'2.. 1.400 l.oU. 1.400 1.20(, 1.400 1.2'" 1.400 I. 17<' 3
4 1.350 1. 713 7 1.350 1.Z.Gb 1.350 .2.,"1 1.350 \,2\f; 1.350 /.2.7 (, 1.350 \.7Q 1.350 I. Z,(, 4
1.300 ,.2,z.
5
6
1.300 I.'3Q(,
1.250 I,~ 11 1.250 I, ,d
1.300 1.2 i'f 1.300 1,2'(0
~ 1.250 I, ')01')
1.200 1.~11
1.300 1.2%
1.250 1.;'07
1.300 \,10>'
1.250 1,31 0
1.200 I.~ \ (,
1.300 I.:> oj
1.250 I. ~ 0(,
1.200 I,~I °
1.250 1.1(,0
5
6
7 1.200 U22. 1.200 1.31Lf 1.200 1.:'1(' 1.200 I.Z 60 7
8 1.150 I,) 22. 1.150 I,; IS- 1.150 1.3'1.. 1 1.150 1,2,19 1.150 1.3 I\? 1.150 I,~ 10 1.150 1.2. 60 8
9 1.100 1.!.Z3 1.100 UI'l 1.100 1':':1-1 1.100 \,,,2" 1.100 1,:·1-1 1.100 I.>o~r 1.100 1.2.6" 9
10 1.050 I. >" <- 1.050 l.ll'1 1.050 1.,2.J 1.050 1.;'21 1.050 I.:> 2.~ 1.050 uoq 1.050 1.7_ho 10
>-'
o 11 1.000 1.",-, 1.000 \,',2/ 1.000 \, 3 2-, 1.000 \.,2.0 1.000 1.:''-'1 1.000 Uo'l 1.000 I. 2.. r'1 11
Ul 12 0,950 I. ". "I 0.950 \,;20 0.950 l,',z.r 0.950 1,12.\ 0.950 1.12.1- 0.950 1,~Ob 0.950 1.2.. 6;:> 12
13 0.900 1,1;2."1 0.900 \'32-1 0.900 "2.S- 0.900 \,:>2.1 0.900 1'-'.2.3 0,900 I. ~o'i 0,900 \,2{,., 13
14 0.850 I 32 'i 0.850 1.:>20 0.850 I. ,2.f 0.850 1.:>2.0 0.850 I, '21. 0.850 I.~o~ 0.850 1,2. 60 14
15 0.800 1,'2.~ 0.800 1.'1,/ 0.800 1."2r 0.800 \,.2.0 0.800 1,"2~ 0.800 I. '-O~ 0.800 1.26:> 15
16 0.750 I, ],1'1 0.750 I: :>Lo 0.750 I.;LS 0.750 I. ~\ 1 0.750 \,'2.1. 0.750 1,;01 0.750 1.2. '>7 16
17 0.700 I.;""" 0.700 1,'>2 " 0.700 1.'26 0.700 I.n." 0.700 1,,2., 0.700 /, >06 0.700 1,2. fB 17
18 0.650 U2, 0.650 1 ~).o 0.650 1.>2.6 0.650 1.12.v 0.650 l..LS 0.650 1.'06 0,650 \,2- f(, 18
19 0.600 1.;')'1 0.600 I"Z 1 0.600 U2, 0.600 1,1 1Q 0.600 /'~2.> 0.600 U06 0.600 \,Zr7 19
20 0.550 I ; 2..., 0.550 I, '> 2.{ 0.550 1.,2'1 0.550 \,'J, II( 0,550 I, '"l.-r 0.550 I.lof 0.550 1.2,(, 20
21 0.500 I. ,1." 0.500 \, ~ 2"2- 0.500 1,;28 0.500 I. >.2" 0,500 I. 1 '-.f 0.500 I.J or 0.500 /,2.r(, 21
22 0.450 I.HS" 0.450 \.12.0 0.450 1,37., 0.450 I"~ \'l 0,450 \. >2,( 0.450 1,00'1 0.450 1.2..'6 22
23 0.400 I, ;'2.r 0.400 1.,2./ 00400 1.>26 0,400 \," Iq 0.400 1,'».( 0.400 I,~ O't 0.400 1.2.,13 23
24 0.350 1.,2.6 0.350 1,,2.1- 0.350 I. ,2e 0,350 1,'1 \'l 0.350 1,'2.6 0,350 'I.~olf 0.350 1.2. f'l 24
25
26
0.300 I. ;2. (;
0.250 I. ~2 I,
0.300 1 "1./
0.250 1,\2."l.-
0.300 1,,2.'1
0.250 I. >27
0.300 I.> \9
0.250 I, ~ 10
0.300 1,'!.1.1
0.250 I. ~11
0.300 I.,.'"
0.25fl- 110>
0.300 /, 2. 61
0.250 i, '- 6\
25
26
27 0.200 U:?13 0.200 I, ~ 2t- 0,200 I. '~'1 0.200 1.'1\1. 0,200 \.~26 0.200 ',olf 0.200 I ,2..6~ 27
28 0.150 i,;l ') 0.150 I. >2 I 0.150 I,n, 0,150 I, • I \?I 0.150 I, ,2.8 0.150 I,,, 0' 0.150 1,2 fa 28
29 0.100 I,'r) 0,100 1.)7_1 0,100 i ,16 0,100 I, 1 11 0.100 1,32.\3 0.100 !'sol 0.100 1.2.,n 29
30 0.050 UL, 0.050 I. ~ 2"l.- 0,050 I.:> Iv 0.050 I,:' 1"/ 0.050 1.326 0.050 1,10" 0.050 \.lq2. 30
HUB 31 0.000 1,1 '-lY 0.000 1.176 0,000 I ,2. 'I~ 0,000 1.30'1 0.000 1.lpl 0.000 1,0 0 ,\ 0.000 .Hs6 31 f- UB
Program Used for Averaging the Static and Total Pressures
in the Annulus
C THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE & AVERAGE PRESSURE
C RATIO IN THE ANNULUS. IT ALSO GIVES THE MACH NUMBER AND THE MASS
C FLOW RATE BASED ON THE AVERAGE PRESSURE RATIO~
C THIS PROGRAM IS FOR THE TEST MODEL ONLY. IT SHOULD NOT BE USED
C FOR OTHER MODELS OR FOR OTHER TEST PROCEDURES.
C
REAL PT1(31),PT2(31),PT3(31),PT4(31),PT5(31),PT6(31),PT7(31),TATM
C
C PTl TO PT7 REPRESENTS THE RAW DATA OBTAINED IN SEVEN TRAVERSES.
C THE UNIT IS IN VOLTS. (INPUT)
C
C TATM REPRESENTS THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN TEST ROOM IN F
C ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IS USED FOR THE CORRECTIONS IN SPECIFIC
C WEIGHT OF MERCURY. (INPUT)
C
+,PATMHG,PATM,TCAL(18) ,SWHG(18),PSIG(19),V(19),TT,DUMMY,DUMMY3,
C
C PATMHG REPRESENTS THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN INCHES OF MERCURY(INPUT)
C
C PATM REPRESENTS THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN PSIA UNITS
C
C TCAL AND SWHG FORMS THE SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF MERCURY VERSUS TEMPERATURE
C TABLE.THIS IS A PERMENANT INPUT FILE('HGTAB.INP') AND IS USED FOR
C THE CORRECTION IN SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF MERCURY.
C
C PSIG AND V FORMS THE CALIBRATION CHART WHICH CONVERTS THE UNITS OF
C PRESSURE FROM VOLTS TO PSIG.THIS FILE('CALIB.INP') CAN BE UPDATED
C WHEN A NEW CALIBRATION TEST FOR THE EQUIPMENT IS DONE.
C
C TT REPRESENTS THE TOTAL TEMPERATURE AT THE INLET TO THE MODEL
C THIS IS AN INPUT (IN F).
C DUMMY IS USED FOR ARRANGING THE INPUT FORMAT.
C
+PV(7,31) ,PT(12,31),P(12,31),A(31),MAR(12,31),PTAVE,PSTAT,PFL,
C
C PV REPRESENTS THE TOTAL PRESSURE READINGS IN VOLTS
C PT REPRESENTS THE TOTAL PRESSURE READINGS IN PSIA.
C P REPRESENTS THE STATIC PRESSURE READINGS IN PSIA.
C A REPRESENTS THE AREA SEGMENTS CORRESPONDING TO THE DATA POINTS.
C MAR REPRESENTS THE MASS FLOW RATE PER UNIT AREA.
C PTAVE REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE IN THE ANNULUS.
C
+DSUM,DSUM1,DSUM2,DR,R,D(12,31),DD(12,31),SNUM,SDENOM,STANUM,
+DDD(12,31),MACH,SSUM,SSUM1,SSUM2,PRATIO,NSUM,NSUM1,NSUM2,
C
C PRATIO REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE PRESSURE RATIO IN ANNULUS.
C MACH REPRESENTS THE MACH NUMBER IN THE ANNULUS BASED ON THE
C AVERAGE PRESSURE RATIO.
C
+PSH1(12),PSH2(12),PSS1(12),PSS2(12),PSH(12),PSS(12),DUMMY2,HUB(7),
+SHR(7),X(7,31),PS(7,31),PFL1(28) ,PFL2(28),LOSSCF,DYN,CP,MVENT,CP2,
+MACH2,HLCF2,PRAT2,PSTA2,DYN2,MASPAR,MPAR(18),MAHPAR(18),
+PSTA(12,31),PTOTAL(12,31) ,CPR,CPR2,DIST(31),PSHV(2,12),PSHG(2,12)
+,PCOEF(2,12) ,MASSF
C
C THE OTHER VARIABLES USED IN THE PROGRAM IS EXPLAINED AT THE POSITIONS
C tfHERE THEY ARE USED.
C
INTEGER IRUN,IP,IM,N(31)
C IRUN IS AN INPUT WHICH REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF THE TEST .
106
C IT IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE TEST DATA.
CHARACTER*24DATE,CONN
C DATE IS AN INPUT WHICH GIVES THE DATE OF THE TEST
OPEN(UNIT=l,FILE='HGTAB.INP')
C
C 'HGTAB.INP' IS THE PERMENANT INPUT FILE WHICH GIVES THE TEMPERATURE
C VERSUS SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF MERCURY CHART.
C
OPEN(UNIT=2,FILE='CALIB.INP')
C
C 'CALIB.INP' IS THE INPUT FILE WHICH GIVES THE CALIBRATION CHART
C WHICH IS USED TO CONVERT PRESSURE DATA FROM VOLTS TO PSIG UNITS.
C THIS FILE CAN BE MODIFIED WHEN THE CALIBRATION IS UPDATED.
C
OPEN(UNIT=3,FILE='G9B89I1.INP')
OPEN(UNIT=4,FILE='G9B8912.INP')
OPEN(UNIT=9,FILE='G9B8913.INP')
C
C THESE FILES REPRESENT THE INPUT DATA SHEETS.
C IN THIS CASE 'G9B90I1.INP' REPRESENTS THE INPUT SHEET # 1
C FOR THE GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION #:9B, TEST NO 90
C
OPEN(UNIT=7,FILE='G9B89.0UT')
C
C THIS WILL BE THE OUTPUT FILE OF THE PROGRAM
C
C
C ************READING THE DATA***************
C
C TEMPERATURE VERSUS SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF Hg IS READ FROM FILE:'HGTAB.INP'
C
DO 10 I=1,18
READ(l,100)TCAL(I),SWHG(I) ,MPAR(I),MAHPAR(I)
10 CONTINUE
C
C CALIBRATION CHART (VOLTS VERSUS PSIG) IS READ FROM FILE:'CALIB.INP'
C
DO 15 I=l,19
READ(2,150)V(I),PSIG(I)
15 CONTINUE
C
C ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN THE TEST ROOM IN F (TATM),
C ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN THE TEST ROOM IN INCHES OF Hg (PATMHG),
C TOTAL TEMPERATURE AT THE MODEL INLET IN F(TT)
C ARE READ FROM THE FILE:'G9B90I1.INP' (INPUT SHEET # 1)
C
READ(3,200)TATM,PATMHG,TT
C
C TOTAL TEMPERATURE IS CONVERTED TO R
C
TT=TT+459.67
C
C TOTAL PRESSURE DATA IN VOLTS FOR SEVEN TRAVERSES ARE READ FROM
C THE FILE:'G9B90I1.INP' (INPUT SHEET # 1)
C
DO 20 I=1,31
READ(3,250)PT1(I),PT2(I),PT3(I),PT4(I)
20 CONTINUE
READ(3,270)DUMMY
DO 21 I=1,31
107
READ(3,300)PT5(I),PT6(I),PT7(I)
21 CONTINUE
C
C STATIC PRESSURE READINGS AT THE HUB AND SHROUD (IN VOLTS) ARE READ
C FROM THE FILE 'G9B90I2.INP' (INPUT SHEET # 2)
C PSH1 AND PSS1 REPRESENTS THE HUB AND SHROUD READINGS AT THE BEGINNING
C OF THE TEST , WHERE PSH2 AND PSS2 REPRESENTS THE READINGS TAKEN AT
C THE END OF THE TEST.
C
READ(4,160)DUMMY2
DO 22 I=1,12
READ(4,170)PSH1(I),PSH2(I),PSS1(I),PSS2(I)
C
C THE TWO READINGS ARE AVERAGED .
C PSH AND PSS REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE (in volts) AT THE
C HUB AND SHROUD RESPECTIVELY.
C
PSH(I)=(PSH1(I)+PSH2(I»/2.0
PSS(I)=(PSS1(I)+PSS2(I»/2.0
22 CONTINUE
READ (9, 160) DUMMY3
SUMFL=O.O
DO 23 I=1,28
READ(9,180)PFL1(I) ,PFL2(I)
SUMFL=SUMFL+PFL1 (I) +PFL2 (I)
23 CONTINUE
PFL=(SUMFL/56.0)*0.5
C
C FROM THE HUB AND SHROUD READINGS THE WALL STATIC PRESSURES AT
C THE TRAVERSE LOCATIONS ARE ESTIMATED(in volts).
C HUB AND SHR (1 TO 7) REPRESENTS THE WALL STATIC PRESSURES IN VOLTS
C CORRESPONDING TO THE SEVEN TRAVERSE LOCATIONS. .
C
HUB(1)=(PSH(2)+PSH(3»/2.0
SHR(1)=(PSS(2)+PSS(3»/2.0
HUB(2)=(PSH(3)+PSH(4»/2.0
SHR(2)=(PSS(3)+PSS(4»/2.0
HUB(3)=(PSH(5)+PSH(6»/2.0
SHR(3)=(PSS(5)+PSS(6»/2.0
HUB(4)=(PSH(6)+PSH(7»/2.0
SHR(4)=(PSS(6)+PSS(7»/2.0
HUB(5)=(PSH(9)+PSH(10»/2.0
SHR(5)=(PSS(9)+PSS(10»/2.0
HUB(6)=(PSH(12)+PSH(1»/2.0
SHR(6)=(PSS(12)+PSS(1»/2.0
HUB(7)=(PSH(12)+PSH(11»/2.0
SHR(7)=(PSS(12)+PSS(11»/2.0
DO 26 I=1,12
PSHV(l,I)=PSH(I)
PSHV(2,I)=PSS(I)
26 CONTINUE
C
C X(J,I) GIVES THE DATA POINTS WHERE TOTAL PRESSURES ARE READ.
C 31 POINTS FOR EACH 7 TRAVERSES.
C
DO 27 J=1,7
DO 27 I=1,31
X(J,I)=«I-1)*0.050)
27 CONTINUE
C
108
C THE STATIC PRESSURE AT THE POINTS 'WHERE TOTAL PRESSURE ARE READ,
C IS ESTIMATED BY A STRAIGHT LINE INTERPOLATION ,BETWEEN THE VALUES
C AT THE WALLS(HUB AND SHROUD) CORRESPONDING TO THAT TRAVERSE.
C PS(J,I) REPRESENTS THE STATIC PRESSURE VALUS in volts CORRESPONDING
C TO EACH DATA POINT. (31 POINTS FOR EACH SEVEN TRAVERSES).
C
DO 28 J=1,7
DO 28 I=1,31
PS(J,I)=«HUB(J)-«X(J,I)/1.5)*(HUB(J)-SHR(J)))))
28 CONTINUE
C
C ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS CALCULATED IN PSIA.
C USING THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE INPUT THE CORRESPONDING
C SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF Hg IS INTERPOLATED FROM THE CHART AND
C BY MULTIPLYING THAT SPECIFIC WEIGHT(lb/in3) AND THE ATMOSPHERIC
C PRESSURE INPUT IN INCHES OF Hg , THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS
C CALCULATED IN PSIA.
C
IP=l
30 IF (TATM .EQ. TCAL(IP))THEN
PATM=PATMHG*SWHG(IP)
GO TO 40
END IF
IF (TATM .GT. TCAL(IP) .AND. TATM .LT. TCAL(IP+1))THEN
PATM=PATMHG*««TCAL(IP+1)-TATM)/(TCAL(IP+1)-TCAL(IP)))*(SWHG(IP)-
+SWHG(IP+1)))+SWHG(IP+1))
ELSE
IP=IP+1
GO TO 30
END IF
40 PFL=PFL+PATM
C
C PV REPRESENTS THE TOTAL PRESSURE DATA IN VOLTS .
C THIS ARRAY REPRESENTS THE 31 DATA POINTS FOR 7 TRAVERSES.
C
C WALL STATIC PRESSURES ARE TAKEN AS TOTAL PRESSURES AT HUB AND SHROUD
C AS VELOCITY IS ZERO AT THE WALL.
C
DO 45 J=1,7
PV(J,l)=PS(J,l)
PV(J,31)=PS(J,31)
45 CONTINUE
DO 50 I=2,30
PV(1,I)=PT1(I)
PV(2,I)=PT2(I)
PV(3,I)=PT3(I)
PV(4,I)=PT4(I)
PV(5,I)=PT5(I)
PV(6,I)=PT6(I)
PV(7,I)=PT7(I)
50 CONTINUE
C
C THE STATIC PRESSURE DATA IS CONVERTED TO PSIA USING THE CALIBRATION CHART.
C THE CORRESPONDING PSIG VALUE IS INTERPOLATED FROM THE CHART FOR EACH
C STATICL PRESSURE DATA IN VOLTS AND THEN THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN PSI
C IS ADDED TO THAT VALUE TO GIVE THE TOTAL PRESSURE IN PSIA.
C
DO 52 J=1,7
DO 51 I=1,31
K=l
109
53 IF (K .EQ. 19) THEN
P(J,I)=(PS(J,I)*3.0)+PATM
GO TO 51
END IF
IF ( PS(J,I) .EQ. V(K» THEN
P(J,I)=PSIG(K)+PATM
GO TO 51
END IF
IF ( PS(J,I) .LT. V(K) .AND. PS(J,I) .GT. V(K+1) ) THEN
P(J,I)=PSIG(K)-«(V(K)-PS(J,I»/(V(K)-V(K+1»)*(PSIG(K)-PSIG(K+1)
+»P(J,I)=P(J,I)+PATM
ELSE
K=K+1
GO TO 53
END I'F
51 CONTINUE
52 CONTINUE
DO 57 J=l,2
DO 54 I=l,12
K=l
PSHG(J,I)=(PSHV(J,I)*3.0)
GO TO 54
END IF.
IF ( PSHV(J,I) .EQ. V(K» THEN
PSHG(J,I)=PSIG(K)
GO TO 54
END IF
IF ( PSHV(J,I) .LT. V(K) .AND. PSHV(J,I) .GT. V(K+1) ) THEN
PSHG(J,I)=PSIG(K)-«(V(K)-PSHV(J,I»/(V(K)-V(K+1»)*(PSIG(K)-PSIG(
+K+1) »
ELSE
K=K+1
GO TO 58
END IF
54 CONTINUE
57 CONTINUE
C
C THE TOTAL PRESSURE DATA IS CONVERTED TO PSIA USING THE CALIBRATION CHART.
C THE CORRESPONDING PSIG VALUE IS INTERPOLATED FROM THE CHART FOR EACH
C TOTAL PRESSURE DATA IN VOLTS AND THEN THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN PSI
C IS ADDED TO THAT VALUE TO GIVE THE TOTAL PRESSURE IN PSIA.
C
DO 60 J=l,7
DO 55 I=l,31
K=l
PT(J,I)=(PV(J,I)*3.0)+PATM
GO TO 55
END IF
IF ( PV(J,I) .EQ. V(K» THEN
PT(J,I)=PSIG(K)+PATM
GO TO 55
END IF
IF ( PV(J,I) .LT. V(K) .AND. PV(J,I) .GT. V(K+1) ) THEN
PT(J,I)=PSIG(K)-«(V(K)-PV(J,I»/(V(K)-V(K+1»)*(PSIG(K)-PSIG(K+1)
+) )
PT(j,I)=PT(J,I)+PATM
ELSE
110
K=K+1
GO TO 65
END IF
55 CONTINUE
60 CONTINUE
C
C THE NUMBER OF THE TEST IS ASKED AND READ AS AN INPUT FROM THE KEYBORD
C WHEN THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING.
C '"
WRITE(6,350)
READ (5, 360) I RUN
C
C THE TEST DATE IS ASKED AND READ AS AN INPUT FROM THE KEYBORD
C WHEN THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING.
C
WRITE(6,365)
READ(5,380)CONN
WRITE(6,370)
READ(5,380)DATE
WRITE(6,375)
READ (5, 385)MVENT
C
SNUM=O.O
STANUM=O.O
SDENOM=O.O
C
C PT AND P REPRESENTS THE ARRAYS WHICH STORES THE TOTAL AND STATIC
C DATA IN PSIA FOR THE 31 POINTS FOR 12 SECTIONS.REFER TO THE
C DRAWING OF THE ANNULUS WHICH SHOWS THE 12 SECTIONS.
C DUE TO SYMMETRY SOME OF THE SECTIONS ARE NOT TRAVERSED •
C FOR THE SECTIONS 8,9,10,11 & 12 THE DATA OBTAINED FROM THE
C TRAVERSES 4,2,1,6 & 5 ARE USED RESPECTIVELY.
C
DO 80 J=1,12
DO 90 I=1,31
IF (J .GT. 7) GO TO 81
GO TO 82 "
81 PT(8,I)=PT(4,I)
P(8,I)=P(4,I)
PT(9,I)=PT(2,I)
P(9,I)=P(2,I)
PT(10,I)=PT(1,I)
P(10,I)=P(1,I)
PT(12,I)=PT(5,I)
P(12,I)=P(5,I)
PT (11, I) =PT (6, I)
P(11,I)=P(6,I)
C
C DR REPRESENTS THE RADIAL INCREMENT USED FOR THE TRAVERSES(0.050 inches)
C THIS IS USED AS DIFFERENTIAL RADIUS WHEN CALCULATING THE AREAS OF THE
C SEGMENTS(0.050 inches except the walls)
C
82 DR=0.050
C
C R REPRESENTS THE RADIAL DISTANCE TO THE DATA POINT(except the walls)
C RADIAL DISTANCE TO HUB IS 1.5 inches
C RADIAL DISTANCE TO SHROUD IS 3.0 inches
C
R=(1.50+«I-1)*0.050))
C
111
C ***********************************************************************
C *******THE TOTAL PRESSURE DATA AT THE WALLS ARE MODIFIED BY EXTRAPOLATING
C ***THE VALUES TO THE WALL STATIC PRESSURE VALUES.***********************
C ************************************************************************
C
C
C A REPRESENTS THE AREAS (in squared feet) FOR 31 AREA SEGMENTS
C CORRESPONDING TO 31 DATA POINTS.
C
86 A(I)=(3.141592654/6.0)*R*DR/144.0
C
C MAR REPRESENTS THE MASS FLOW RATE (lb/s) PER UNIT AREA (squared feet)
C FOR EACH SEGMENT.
C
85 MAR(J,I)=111.S273*(PT(J,I)/SQRT(TT))*SQRT(7.0*«(P(J,I)/PT(J,I))**
+(2.0/1.4))-«P(J,I)/PT(J,I))**(2.4/1.4))))
C
C D REPRESENTS THE MASS FLOW RATE (lb/s) FOR EACH SEGMENT
C
D(J,I)=MAR(J,I)*A(I)
C
C DD REPRESENTS MASS FLOW RATE (lb/s) TIMES THE TOTAL PRESSURE (psia)
C FOR EACH SEGMENT
C
DD(J,I)=MAR(J,I)*A(I)*PT(J,I)
C
C DDD REPRESENTS MASS FLOW RATE (lb/s) TIMES THE PRESSURE RATIO
C FOR EACH SEGMENT
C
DDD(J,I)=MAR(J,I)*A(I)*(P(J,I)/PT(J,I))
90 CONTINUE
80 CONTINUE
C
C TOTAL PRESSURE AND PRESSURE RATIO ARE MASS AVERAGED USING SIMPSONS
C METHOD.
C
DO 95 J=l,12
DSUM1=0.0
DSUM2=0 .. 0
NSUM1=0.0
NSUM2=0.0
SSUM1=0.0
SSUM2=0.0
DSUM=O.O
NSUM=O.O
SSUM=O.O
DO 96 1=2,30,2
DSUM1=DSUM1+(4.0*D(J,I))
NSUM1=NSUM1+(4.0*DD(J,I))
SSUM1=SSUM1+(4.0*DDD(J,I))
96 CONTINUE
DO 97 1=3,29,2
DSUM2=DSUM2+(2.0*D(J,I))
NSUM2=NSUM2+(2.0*DD(J,I))
SSUM2=SSUM2+(2.0*DDD(J,I))
97 CONTINUE
DSUM=«1.0/3.0)*(DSUM1+DSUM2+D(J,l)+D(J,31)))
NSUM=«1.0/3.0)*(NSUM1+NSUM2+DD(J,l)+DD(J,31)))
SSUM=«1.0/3.0)*(SSUM1+SSUM2+DDD(J,l)+DDD(J,31)))
SNUM=SNUM+NSUM
112
SDENOM=SDENOM+DSUM
STANUM=STANUM+SSUM
95 CONTINUE
PTAVE=SNUM/SDENOM
PRATIO=STANUM/SDENOM
PSTAT=PRATIO*PTAVE
MASSF=111.8273*(PTAVE/(TT**0.5))*«7.0*«PRATIO**(2.0/1.4))-(PRATI
+0**(2.4/1.4))))**0.5)*(3.141592654*«3.0**2.0)-(1.5**2.0))/144.0)
LOSSCF=«PRATIO**(0.4/1.4))-«PFL/PTAVE)**(0.4/1.4)))/(1.0-(PRATIO
+**(0.4/1.4)))
C
C MACH .NUMBER IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED BASED ON THE AVERAGE
C PRESSURE RATIO.
C
MACH=«2.0/0.4)*«(PRATIO)**«-0.4)/1.4))-1.0))**0.5
DYN=(1.4*(MACH**2.0))/(2.0*«1.0+(0.2*(MACH**2.0)))**3.5))
CP=(PSTAT-PFL)/(DYN*PTAVE)
CPR=(PFL-PSTAT)/(PTAVE-PSTAT)
MASPAR=«16.46793*PTAVE)/(MVENT*(TT**0.5)))
IM=l
98 IF (MASPAR .EQ. MPAR(IM))THEN
MACH2=MAHPAR (IM)
GO TO 99
END IF
IF (MASPAR .LT. MPAR(IM) .AND~ MASPAR .GT. MPAR(IM+1))THEN
MACH2=««MPAR(IM)-MASPAR)/(MPAR(IM)-MPAR(IM+1)))*(MAHPAR(IM+1)-MA
+HPAR(IM)))+MAHPAR(IM))
ELSE
IM=IM+1
GO TO 98
END IF
99 PRAT2=(1.0+(0.2*(MACH2**2.0)))**(-1.4/0.4)
PSTA2=PRAT2*PTAVE
HLCF2=«PRAT2**(0.4/1.4))-«PFL/PTAVE)**(0.4/1.4)))/(1.0-(PRAT2**(
+0 . 4/1. 4) ) )
DYN2=(1.4*(MACH2**2.0))/(2.0*«1.0+(0.2*(MACH2**2.0)))**3.5))
CP2=(PSTA2-PFL)/(DYN2*PTAVE)
CPR2=(PFL-PSTA2)/(PTAVE-PSTA2)
DO 101 J=1,12
DO 101 I=1,31
PSTA(J,I)=P(J,I)~PATM
PTOTAL(J,I)=PT(J,I)-PATM
101 CONTINUE
C
C OUTPUTS ARE PRINTED ON THE OUTPUT FILE
C
WRITE (7, 390) CONN,IRUN,DATE
WRITE(7,410)PATM
WRITE(7,420)TATM
WRITE(7,450)TT
WRITE(7,500)PTAVE
WRITE (7, 560)PSTAT
WRITE(7,550)PRATIO
WRITE(7,565)PFL
WRITE(7,567)
WRITE(7,570)MACH
WRITE(7,575)LOSSCF
WRITE (7 , 580) CP
WRITE(7,590) CPR
WRITE(7,600)MASSF
"
113
'.
WRITE (7,587)
WRITE(7,570)MACH2
WRITE(7,575)HLCF2
WRITE(7,580)CP2
WRITE(7,590)CPR2
WRITE(7,610)MVENT
WRITE(7,670)
DO 102 I=1,31
N(I)=32-I
DIST(I)=(I-1)*0.05
WRITE(7,700)N(I),DIST(I),PTOTAL(1,I) ,PTOTAL(2,I),PTOTAL(3,I),
+PTOTAL(4,I)
102 CONTINUE
WRITE(7,675)
DO 103 I=1,31
WRITE(7,750)N(I),DIST(I) ,PTOTAL(5,I),PTOTAL(6,I) ,PTOTAL(7,I)
103 CONTINUE
WRITE(7,690)
DO 104 I=1,31
WRITE(7,700)N(I),DIST(I) ,PSTA(1,I),PSTA(2,I),PSTA(3,I),PSTA(4,I)
104 CONTINUE
WRITE(7,695)
DO 105 I=1,31
WRITE(7,750)N(I),DIST(I),PSTA(5,I) ,PSTA(6,I),PSTA(7,I)
105 CONTINUE
WRITE (7 , 710)
DO 106 I=1,12
PCOEF(l,I)=(PSHG(l,I)+PATM-PFL)/(PTAVE*DYN)
PCOEF(2,I)=(PSHG(2,I)+PATM-PFL)/(PTAVE*DYN)
WRITE(7,720)I,PSHG(1,I),PSHG(2,I) ,PCOEF(1,I),PCOEF(2,I)
106 CONTINUE
100 FORMAT(F5.1,lX,F8.6,7X,F6.4,4X,F7.5)
150 FORMAT(F5.3,3X,F6.3)
160 FORMAT(//////,F5.3)
170 FORMAT(5X,F6.3,4X,F6.3,4X,F6.3,5X,F6.3)
180 FORMAT(6X,F6.3,4X,F6.3) .
200 FORMAT(/,29X,F6.3,/,37X,F6.3,/,38X,F7.3,////////)
250 FORMAT(22X,F7.4,3X,F7.4,3X,F7.4,3X,F7.4)
270 FORMAT(F5.3,///////)
300 FORMAT(22X,F7.4,3X,F7.4,3X,F7.4)
350 FORMAT (' ENTER THE RUN NO')
360 FORMAT(I3)
365 FORMAT(' ENTER THE CONFIGURATION NO')
370 FORMAT(' ENTER THE DATE (MO/DA/YEAR) ')
375 FORMAT(' ENTER MASS FLOW RATE (VENTURI) IN (lbm/sec) ')
380 FORMAT (A24)
385 FORMAT(F6.3)
390 FORMAT(' GENERIC MqDEL CONFIGURATION NO ' ,A24,/,' TEST NO: ' ,I3,
+3X,'DATE : ' ,A12)
400 FORMAT (FlO. 4)
410 FORMAT(//,' ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN THE TEST ROOM IS : ' ,F6.3,' lbf
+/sqi' )
420 FORMAT(/, , ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN THE TEST ROOM IS : ' ,F5.2,'
+ F')
450 FORMAT(//,' TOTAL TEMPERATURE IS : ' ,F6.2,' R')
500 FORMAT(//,' AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS
+ : ' ,F6.3,' lbf/sqi')
550 FORMAT (/ " AVERAGE PRESSURE RATIO' IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS
+: ',F5 • 3)
560 FORMAT (/ " AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS
114
+: ',F6.3,' lbf/sqi')
565 FORMAT(/I,' AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE AT THE EXIT FLANGE IS : ' ,F6.3
+,' lbf I sqi' )
567 FORMAT(I/,' FIRST SET OF RESULTS' ,I,' BASED ON THE AVERAGE TOTAL
+ AND STATIC PRESSURES IN THE ANNULUS')
570 FORMAT(/,' CALCULATED AVERAGE MACH NUMBER IN THE ANNULUS IS : ' ,F5
+.3)
575 FORMAT(/,' HOOD LOSS COEFFICIENT IS : ' ,F5.3)
580 FORMAT(/,' PRESSURE COEFFICIENT Cp IS : ' ,F5.3)
587 FORMAT(II,' SECOND SET OF RESULTS: BASED ON THE MASS FLOW RATE(FR
+OM VENTURI),' ,I,' AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE AND TOTAL TEMPERATURE')
590 FORMAT(/,' PRESSURE COEFFICIENT (Second Definition) Cpr IS: ' ,F6.3
+)
600 FORMAT(/,' CALCULATED MASS FLOW RATE IS : ' ,F6.3,' lbm/sec')
610 FORMAT(/,' MASS FLOW RATE (FROM VENTURI) IS : ' ,F6.3,' lbm/sec')
670 FORMAT(IIIIIII/II//1,13X,' TOTAL PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRAVERSE POIN
+TS' ,//,lX,'DATA NO', 2X,'DISTANCE' ,3X,'TRAVERSE l' ,5X,'TRAVERSE 2'
+,5X,'TRAVERSE 3' ,5X,'TRAVERSE 4' ,1,10X,'FROM HUB' ,1,10X,'(inches)'
+, 5X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , I)
675 FORMAT(/II//////I/II/II/I/III/I,lQX,' TOTAL PRESSURE VALUES FOR TR
+AVERSE POINTS',/I,lX,'DATA NO', 2X,'DISTANCE' ,3X,'TRAVERSE 5' ,5X,'
+TRAVERSE 6',5X,'TRAVERSE 7',1,10X,'FROM HUB',/,10X,'(inches)' ,5X,'
+(psig)',9X,'(psig)' ,9X,'(psig)' ,I)
690 FORMAT(//////////////I////I/II,13X,' STATIC PRESSURE VALUES FOR TR
+AVERSE POINTS' ,11,1X,'DATA NO', 2X,'DISTANCE' ,3X,'TRAVERSE l' ,5X,'
+TRAVERSE 2',5X,'TRAVERSE 3',5X,'TRAVERSE 4',/,10X,'FROM HUB' ,1,10X
+, , (inches) , , 5X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , /)
695 FORMAT(/////////II//IIII/IIII,10X,' STATIC PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRA
+VERSE POINTS',//,lX,'DATA NO', 2X,'DISTANCE' ,3X,'TRAVERSE 5' ,5X,'T
+RAVERSE 6' ,5X,'TRAVERSE,7',1,10X,'FROM HUB',/,10X,'(inches)' ,5X,'(
+psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , 9X, , (psig) , , f)
700 FORMAT(4X,I2,6X,F5.3,6X,F6.3,9X,F6.3,9X,F6.3,9X,F6.3)
710 FORMAT(////,' CIRCUMFERENTIAL STATIC PRESSURE VARIATION' ,//,'PRESS
+URE TAP NO' ,5X,'Ps (HUB)' ,5X,'Ps (SHROUD)' ,4X,'Cp (HUB)' ,5X,'Cp (S
+HROUD)',/,21X,'(psig)' ,8X,'(psig)' ,I)
720 FORMAT(6X,I2,13X,F6.3,8X,F6.3,8X,F6.3,8X,F6.3)
750 FORMAT(4X,I2,6X,F5.3,6X,F6.3,9X,F6.3,9X,F6.3)
STOP
END
115
Input Sheets for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN F:74.5

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN INCHES OF Hg:29.423
., TOTAL TEMPERATURE IN F AT MODEL INLET:99.54
TOTAL PRESSURE TRAVERSES FOR TEST 89 OF CONFIGURATION NO 9B
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAV 1 TRAV 2 TRAV 3 TRAV 4

FROM HUB
(inches) (volts) (volts) (volts) (volts)
31 0.000 1.1440 1.1760 1. 2380 1. 3090
30 0.050 1. 3230 1. 3220 1.3100 1. 3140
29 0.100 1. 3270 1. 3210 1. 3160 1.3170
28 0.150 1. 3270 1. 3210 1. 3230 1. 3180
27 0.200 1. 3280 1. 3220 1. 3270 1.3170
26 0.250 1. 3260 1. 3220 1. 3270 1. 3180
25 0.300 1. 3260 1. 3210 1. 3290 1. 3180
24 0.350 1. 3260 1. 3220 1. 3280 1. 3190
23 0.400 1. 3250 1. 3210 1. 3280 1. 3190
22 0.450 1.3250 1. 3200 1. 3270 1. 3190
21 0.500 1. 3250 1. 3220 1. 3280 1. 3200
20 0.550 1. 3230 1. 3210 1. 3270 1. 3190
19 0.600 1. 3240 1. 3210 1. 3270 1. 3190
18 0.650 1. 3250 1. 3200 1. 3260 1. 3200
17 0.700 1. 3240 1. 3200 1. 3260 1. 3200
16 0.750 1. 3240 1. 3200 1. 3250 1. 3190
15 0.800 1. 3230 1.3190 1. 3250 1. 3200
14 0.850 1. 3240 1. 3200 1. 3250 1. 3200
13 0.900 1. 3240 1. 3210 1. 3250 1. 3210
12 0.950 1. 3240 1. 3200 1. 3250 1. 3210
11 1.000 1. 3230 1. 3210 1. 3230 1. 3200
10 1.050 1. 3220 1.3190 1. 3230 1. 3210
9 1.100 1. 3230 1. 3190 1. 3210 1. 3200
8 1.150 1. 3220 1. 3150 1. 3210 1. 3190
7 1.200 1. 3220 1.3140 1.3170 1. 3160
6 1.250 1.3170 1. 3040 1. 3080 1. 3070
5 1.300 1. 3060 1. 2940 1. 2900 1. 2860
4 1.350 1. 2870 1. 2660 1. 2240 1. 2180
3 1.400 1. 2120 1.1760 1. 0520 1. 0260
2 1.450 0.9540 0.9190 0.8280 0.7560
1 1. 500 0.6000 0.7000 0.6000 0.5400
116
TOTAL PRESSURE TRAVERSES FOR TEST 89 OF CONFIGURATION NO 9B
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAV 5 TRAV 6 TRAV 7

FROM HUB
(inches) (volts) Svolts) (volts)
31 0.000 1.1540 1. 0030 0.8860
30 0.050 1. 3260 1. 3000 1.1920
29 0.100 1. 3280 1. 3030 1. 2570
28 0.150 1. 3280 1. 3030 1. 2580
27 0.200 1. 3260 1. 3040. 1. 2600
26 0.250 1. 3270 1.3030 1. 2610
25 0.300 1. 3270 1. 3040 1. 2610
24 0.350 1. 3260 1. 3040 1.2590
23 0.400 1. 3250 1. 3040 1. 2580
22 0.450 1. 3250 1. 3040 1. 2560
21 0.500 1. 3250 1. 3050 1. 2560
20 0.550 1. 3250 1. 3050 1. 2560
19 0.600 1.3230 1. 3060 1. 2570
18 0.650 1. 3250 1. 3060 1.2560
17 0.700 1. 3230 1. 3060 1. 2580
16 0.750 1. 3220 1. 3070 1. 2570
15 0.800 1. 3240 1. 3080 1. 2600
14 0.850 1. 3220 1. 3080 1. 2600
13 0.900 1. 3230 1. 3080 1. 2600
12 0.950 1. 3220 1. 3080 1. 2600
11 1. 000 1. 3210 1. 3090 1. 2590
10 1.050 1. 3220 1. 3090 1. 2600
9 1.100 1. 3210 1. 3090 1. 2600
8 1.150 1. 3180 1. 3100 1. 2600
7 1. 200 1. 3160 1. 3100 1. 2600
6 1.250 1.3100 1. 3060 1. 2600
5 1.300 1. 3030 1.3030 1. 2520
4 1.350 1. 2760 1. 2870 1. 2360
3 1.400 1. 2060 1. 2360 1.1760
2 1.450 0.9520 1. 0030 0.9360
1 1.500 0.5000 0.6000 0.5000
117
TEST 89 OF CONFIGURATION 9B
STATIC PRESSURE READINGS
HUB HUB SHROUD SHROUD

(l.DATA) (2. DATA) (1. DATA) (2.DATA)
(Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
1 0.344 0.342 -0.082 -0.083
2 0.436 0.435 0.034 0.034
3 0.550 0.548 0.194 0.193
4 0.658 0.656 0.356 0.356
5 0.722 0.721 0.396 0.396
6 0.718 0.718 0.430 0.428
7 0.658 0.656 0.322 0.320
8 0.550 0.546 0.180 0.180
9 0.446 0.444 0.036 0.034
10 0.360 0.360 -0.082 -0.084
11 0.314 0.312 -0.135 -0.137
12 0.308 0.307 -0.132 -0.138
118
TEST 89 OF CONFIGURATION 9B
STATIC PRESSURE READINGS AT THE FLANGE
PSTAT PSTAT
(l.DATA) (2.DATA)
(Volts) (Volts)
1 0.532 0.534
2 -0.534 -0.548
3 -0.186 -0.188
4 0.363 0.372
5 0.332 0.335
6 -0.152 -0.156
7 -0.464 -0.466
8 0.392 0.396
9 0.212 0.216
10 -0.304 -0.317
11 -0.728 -0.726
12 -0.370 -0.374
13 0.256 0.252
14 -0.162 -0.160
15 -0.182 -0.178
16 -0.047 -0.054
17 -0.052 -0.050
18 0.308 0.310
19 0.388 0.396
20 -0.063 -0.064
21 -0.105 -0.106
22 -0.222 -0.214
23 -0.228 -0.230
24 0.474 0.463
25 -0.404 -0.414
26 -0.818 -0.818
27 -0.330 -0.334
28 0.306 0.304
119
Output Sheets for Test 89 of Configuration 9B
GENERIC MODEL CONFIGURATION NO 9B W/O SCREEN W/ GV

TEST NO: 89 DATE: 7/23/92
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN THE TEST ROOM IS : 14.389 Ib/sqi

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE IN THE TEST ROOM IS : 74.50 F
TOTAL TEMPERATURE IS : 559.21 R
AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS : 18.261 Ibf/sqi

AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS : 15.234 Ibf/sqi
AVERAGE PRESSURE RATIO IN THE ANNULUS IS CALCULATED AS : 0.834
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE AT THE EXIT FLANGE IS : 14.352 Ibf/sqi
FIRST SET OF RESULTS

BASED ON THE AVERAGE TOTAL AND STATIC PRESSURES IN THE ANNULUS
CALCULATED AVERAGE MACH NUMBER IN THE ANNULUS IS : 0.516
HOOD LOSS COEFFICIENT IS : 0.318
PRESSURE COEFFICIENT Cp IS : 0.311
PRESSURE COEFFICIENT (Second Definition) Cpr IS: -0.291
CALCULATED MASS FLOW RATE IS: 6.641 Ibm/sec
SECOND SET OF RESULTS: BASED ON THE MASS FLOW RATE(FROM VENTURI),

AVERAGE TOTAL PRESSURE AND TOTAL TEMPERATURE
CALCULATED AVERAGE MACH NUMBER IN THE ANNULUS IS : 0.509
HOOD LOSS COEFFICIENT IS : 0.351
PRESSURE COEFFICIENT Cp IS 0.343
PRESSURE COEFFICIENT (Second Definition) Cpr IS: -0.322
MASS FLOW RATE (FROM VENTURI) IS: 6.578 Ibm/sec
120
TOTAL PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRAVERSE POINTS
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAVERSE 1 TRAVERSE 2 TRAVERSE 3 TRAVERSE 4
FROM HUB
(inches) (psig) (psig) (psig) (psig)
31 0.000 1. 482 1. 812 2.163
30 2.065
0.050 3.986 3.983 3.947
29 3.959
0.100 3.998 3.980 3.965
28 3.968
0.150 3,998 3.980 3.986
27 0.200 3.971
4.001 3.983 3.998 3.968
26 0.250 3.995 3.983 3.998
25 3.971
0.300 3.995 3.980 4.004
24 0.350 3.971
3.995 3.983 4.001 3.974
23 0.400 3.992 3.980 4.001
22 0.450 3.974
3.992 3.977 3.998 3.974
21 0.500 3.992 3.983 4.001 3.977
20 0.550 3.986 3.980 3.998 3.974
19 0.600 3.989 3.980 3.998
18 0.650 3.974
3.992 3.977 3.995 3.977
17 0.700 3.989 3.977 3.995 3.977
16 0.750 3.989 3.977 3.992
15 0.800 3.974
3.986 3.974 3.992 3.977
14 0.850 3.989 3.977 3.992 3.977
13 0.900 3.989 3.980 3.992 3.980
12 0.950 3.989 3.977 3.992 3.980
11 1.000 3.986 3.980 3.986 3.977
10 1. 050 3.983 3.974 3.986 3.980
9 1.100 3.986 3.974 3.980 3.977
8 1.150 3.983 3.962 3.980 3.974
7 1. 200 3.983 3.959 3.968 3.965
6 1.250 3.968 3.929 3.941 3.938
5 1. 300 3.935 3.899 3.887 3.875
4 1. 350 3.878 3.814 3.688 3.670
3 1. 400 3.652 3.543 3.170 3.091
2 1.450 2.873 2.767 2.491 2.273
1 1.500 0.341 0.811 1. 235 1.116
121
TOTAL PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRAVERSE POINTS
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAVERSE 5 TRAVERSE 6 TRAVERSE 7
FROM HUB
(inches) (psig) (psig) (psig)
31 0.000 1.203 0.958 0.914
30 0.050 3.995 3.917 3.592
29 0.100 4.001 3.926 3.787
28 0.150 4.001 3.926 3.790
27 0.200 3.995 3.929 3.796
26 0.250 3.998 3.926 3.799
25 0.300 3.998 3.929 3.799
24 0.350 3.995 3.929 3.793
23 0.400 3.992 3.929 3.790
22 0.450 3.992 3.929 3.784
21 0.500 3.992 3.932 3.784
20 0.550 3.992 3.932 3.784
19 0.600 3.986 3.935 3.787
18 0.650 3.992 3.935 ·3.784
17 0.700 3.986 3.935 3.790
16 0.750 3.983 3.938 3.787
15 0.800 3.989 3.941 3.796
14 0.850 3.983 3.941 3.796
13 0.900 3.986 3.941 3.796
12 0.950 3.983 3.941 3.796
11 1. 000 3.980 3.944 3.793
10 1.050 3.983 3.944 3.796
9 1.100 3.980 3.944 3.796
8 1.150 3.971 3.947 3.796
7 1.200 3.965 3.947 3.796
6 1.250 3.947 3.935 3.796
5 1. 300 3.926 3.926 3.772
4 1.350 3.844 3.878 3.724
3 1.400 3.634 3.724 3.543
2 1. 450 2.867 3.022 2.818
1 1.500 -0.072 -0.326 -0.406
122
STATIC PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRAVERSE POINTS
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAVERSE 1 TRAVERSE 2 TRAVERSE 3 TRAVERSE 4
FROM HUB
(inches) (psig) (psig) (psig) (psig)
31 0.000 1.482 1.812 2.163 2.065

30 0.050 1.444 1. 780 2.132 2.034
29 0.100 1.407 1. 747 2.101 2.002
28 0.150 1.369 1. 714 2.070 1.971
27 0.200 1.328 1. 682 2.039 1. 940
26 0.250 1. 288 1. 649 2.008 1. 909
25 0.300 1. 248 1.617 1.977 1. 878
24 0.350 1. 208 1.584 1.947 1. 847
23 0.400 1.168 1.551 1.916 1.816
22 0.450 1.128 1.519 1.885 1. 785
21 0.500 1. 088 1.486 1.855 1. 754
20 0.550 1. 047 1.453 1.824 1.723
19 0.600 1.007 1.421 1. 794 1. 691
18 0.650 0.967 1. 388 1. 763 1. 660
17 0.700 0.930 1.354 1. 733 1. 629
16 0.750 0.893 1. 319 1. 702 1.598
15 0.800 0.857 1. 284 1.672 1.567
14 0.850 0.820 1. 250 1. 641 1. 536
13 0.900 0.783 1. 215 1.611 1.505
12 0.950 0.747 1.180 1.580 1.474
11 1.000 0.710 1.145 1.550 1.443
10 1.050 0.674 1.110 1.519 1.412
9 1.100 0.637 1. 075 1.489 1.381
8 1.150 0.600 1. 041 1. 458 1. 348
7 1. 200 0.568 1. 006 1.428 1. 315
6 1. 250 0.531 0.971 1. 397 1.282
5 1. 300 0.493 0.938 1.366 1.248
4 1. 350 0.455 0.907 1.333 1. 215
3 1.400 0.417 0.875 1. 300 1.182
2 1. 450 0.379 0.843 1. 268 1.149
1 1. 500 0.341 0.811 1. 235 1.116
.,
123
STATIC PRESSURE VALUES FOR TRAVERSE POINTS
DATA NO DISTANCE TRAVERSE 5 TRAVERSE 6 TRAVERSE 7
FROM HUB
(inches) (psig) (psig) (psig)
31 0.000 1. 203 0.958 0.914
30 0.050, 1.158 0.916 0.871
29 0.100 1.113 0.874 0.828
28 0.150 1.068 0.832 0.785
27 0.200 1. 022 0.790 0.742
26 0.250 0.977 0.748 0.699
25 0.300 0.934 0.706 0.656
24 0.350 0.893 0.664 0.613
23 0.400 0.852 0.622 0.574
22 0.450 0.811 0.580 0.530
21 0.500 0.770 0.542 0.485
20 0.550 0.728 0.498 0.440
19 0.600 0.687 0.455 0.396
18 0.650 0.646 0.412 0.351
17 0.700 0.605 0.368 0.307
16 0.750 0.568 0.325 0.262
15 0.800 0.525 0.281 0.218
14 0.850 0.482 0.238 0.173
13 0.900 0.440 0.195 0.128
12 0.950 0.397 0.151 0.084
11 1. 000 0.354 0.108 0.039
10 1.050 0.312 0.064 -0.005
9 1.100 0.269 0.021 -0.050
8 1.150 0.227 -0.022 -0.094
7 1. 200 0.184 -0.066 -0.139
6 1.250 0.141 -0.109 -0.184
5 1. 300 0.099 -0.153 -0.228
4 1. 350 0.056 -0.196 -0.273
3 1.400 0.013 -0.239 -0.317
2 1.450 -0.029 -0.283 -0.362
1 1. 500 -0.072 -0.326 -0.406
CIRCUMFERENTIAL STATIC PRESSURE VARIATION

PRESSURE TAP NO Ps (HUB) Ps (SHROUD) Cp (HUB) Cp (SHROUD)
(psig) (psig)
1 1. 014 -0.247 0.371
2 -0.074
1. 308 0.102 0.475 0.049
3 1. 651 0.581 0.596
4 0.218
1.973 1.055 0.710 0.386
5 2.168 1.183 0.778
6 0.431
2.158 1. 288 0.775 0.468
7 1. 973 0.945 0.710
8 0.347
1. 648 0.540 0.595 0.204
9 1. 339 0.105 0.486
10 0.050
1. 068 -0.249 0.390 -0.075
11 0.922 -0.408 0.339
12 -0.131
0.906 -0.405 0.333 -0.130
124
\
SAMPLE MASS FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS
FOR THE VENTURI METER
Generic Model, Configuration 9, Test 89
Specific Humidity
PLAB =14.389 psia (29.4225 inches of Hg at 74.5 OF)
cP=0.52
Pg (at Tdry bulb) =0.5771 psia
~ S=0.0132485
Pvent inlet - Pv
PI = 2.6991 (1+S) - - -
Tvent
Pventinlet=3.978 psig =18.367 psia
Tvent =100.6 of =560.27 OR
~ QI =0.08819 Ibm/if
~Pvent=6.90 inches of H20 x 0.036062 Ibrlin3 of H 20 =0.24883 psia
C=0.99
125
Y=0.99 CAP/PI =0.014)
F a =1.00045
W(1bJsec) = 45.285 x C x Y x Fax VPl (lbJft 3) X L\Pvent (psi)
= W(lbJsec) = 45.285 X 0.99 X 0.99 X 1.00045 X V0.08819x 0.2488278

=> W(1bm/sec) = 6.578
126
THE SPECIFIC WEIGHTS OF MERCURY AND WATER
Specific Weight
Temperature, of Mercury (lb/in3) Water (lb/in3)

~
52 0.490164 0.036113
56 0.489966 0.036104
60 0.489769 0.036092
64 0.489572 0.036078
68 0.489375 0.036062
72 0.489178 0.036045
76 0.488981 0.036026
80 0.488784 0.036005
.~-
127
NON DIMENSIONAL MASS FLOW RATE vs MACH NUMBER
PT,ANAAN
WJRTT,AN Mach Number
2.0498 0.46922
1.9928 0.48749
1.9420 0.50536
1.8550 0.54009
1.7836 0.57372
1.7242 0.60650
1.6744 0.63862
1.6323 0.67022
1.5967 0.70144
1.5666 0.73240
1.5412 0.76318
1.5200 0.79389
128
l.ooo
0.995j -
U p ~
I
..x:: 0
~ 0.!D1)
.~2>
I<'"
--- 10 ( (;
0 1':'1 c: h
f.:J (llJl
LJ
~ 0.98 i
(
I
>-<
c:>
0.980I
O. IT75i
CERTIFIED BY: ('h-./;c;:Zf!; ~"'-'
0.970I
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.3J 0.40 0.50 0.00 0:70 0.80 0.00 1.00 1.\0 1.2J 1.3J l.40 1.50 1.00 1:10
......
N PIPE fB'Noc.OS lUffi1 (in millions)
\D
l1a = CFaKK Ih
qa = Actwl Flov Rete (it 3 /secl
C = Discherge Coofficient ( Disensicnless ) HEAN - o.gagg ABOVE PIPE
h = Pressure Oifferentiel ( Feat of REYNQ.DS '2000JO
Yater at fU1 TemperatlJ'e )
Fe e~
KK = Heter Constant ~ 3.7142
.; 1 - 8 4
Fu = Therlal Expansion FactlJ'
a = TIroot Area (ft 2 ) = 0.4519
9 = Local Accelereticn of &-ovity (ft/sec 2 ) 32. Hill
8 = Rutio of TIroat to
Pipe Diameter ( Dinenelonleee ) = O.52DI
~treem DiBllleter ( Inches ) = 17.2340
TIroot Diemeter [ irx:hes ) = 9.102O
Dilleneione By: R.UlDIC
REFERENCES
1. Owczarek, J.A., and Warnock, A.S., "Improvement of a Low Pressure
Turbine Exhaust End Performance at Indian Point Unit No.2 Model
Experiments", Energy Research Center Report, Lehigh University, 1989.
2. Howard, J.H.G., Henseler, H.J., and Thornton-Trump, A.B., "Performance
and Flow Regimes for Annular Diffusers", ASME Paper No. 67-WA/FE-21,
1967.
3. Kline, J.S., "On the Nature of Stall", ASME Trans., Journal of Basic
Engineering, Vol. 81, September 1959, pp. 305-320.
4. Sovran, G., and Klomp, E.D., "Experimentally Determined Optimum
Geometries for Rectilinear Diffusers with Rectangular, Conical or Annular
Cross-section", New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1967.
5. Hoffman, J.A., and Gonzales, G., "Effects of Small Scale, High Intensity Inlet
Turbulence on Flow in a Two Dimensional Diffuser", ASME Trans., Journal
of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 106, June 1984, pp. 121-124.
6. Seglem C.E., and Brown R.O., "Turbine Exhaust Hood Losses", ASME Paper
No.60-PWR-7,1960.
7. Bean, Howard S., "Fluid Meters, Their Theory and Application", 6th ed., New
York, ASME, 1971.
8. Turegun, Behzat, "Design of an Air Test Loop and Turbine Exhaust Hood
Models for Performance Improvement Study" , MS Thesis, Lehigh University,
130
June 1991.
9. Owczarek, J.A., and Warnock, A.S., "Proposal for Research
Project, Part 2: Improvement of LP Turbine Hood Perfonnance", Energy
Research Center, Lehigh University, 1989.
10. Rodes, N., "The Prediction of Turbine Exhaust Perfonnance" , ASME Trans.,
Latest Advances in Steam Turbine Design, Blading, Repairs, Condition
Assessment, and Condenser Interaction, PWR-Vol. 7, 1989, pp. 99-105.
11. Gray, L., Sandhu, S.S., Davids, J., and Southall, L.R., " Technical
Considerations in Optimizing Blade-Exhaust Hood Perfonnance for LP Steam
Turbines", ASME Trans., Latest Advances in Steam Turbine Design,
Blading, Repairs, Condition Assessment, and Condenser Interaction, PWR-
Vol. 7, 1989, pp. 99-97.
12. Drakanov, A.M., and Zeryankin, A.E., " Investigating the Joint Operation
of a Turbine Stage and a Diffuser Exhaust Hood", Teploenergetika, Vol. 19,
No.2, 1972, pp. 66-69.
13. Von Karman Institude for Fluid Dynamics, "Steam Turbines for Large Power
Outputs", Lecture Series 1980-6, 1980.
14. Owczarek, J.A., "Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics", International Textbook
Co., Scranton, PA., 1964.
15. Takehira, A., Tanaka, M., Kawashima, T., and Hanabusa, H., "An
Experimental Study of the Annular Diffusers in Axial Flow Compressors and
Turbines" , Proceedings of the 1977 Tokyo Joint Gas Turbine Congress, 1977,
131
pp. 319-329.
16. Senoo, Y., and Nishi, M., " Improvement of the Performance of Conical
Diffusers by Vortex Generators", ASME Trans., Journal of Fluids
Engineering, Vol. 96, 1974, pp. 4-10
17. Stevens, S.J, and Williams, G.J., " The Influence of Inlet Conditions on the
Performance of Annular Diffusers with Conical Walls", ASME Trans.,
Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 102, September 1980, pp. 357-363.
18. McDonald, A.T., Fox, RW., and Van Dewoestine, RV., " Effect of
Swirling Flow on Pressure Recovery in Conical Diffusers", AlAA Paper No.
71-84, 1984
19. Lohmann, RP., Markowsky, S.J., and Brookman, E.T., " Swirling Flow
Through Annular Diffusers with Conical Walls", ASME Trans., Journal of
Fluids Engineering, Vol. 101, June 1979, pp. 224-229.
20. Chesmejef, S., " Aerodynamic Testing of a Low Stimulus, Efficient Exhaust
Hood-Industrial Turbines", ASME Paper No. 77-JPGC-Pwr-2, 1977.
21. Migai, V.K., Gudkov, EJ., and Nosova, LS., " Increasing the Efficiency of
Diffusers of Steam Turbine Exhausts", Teploenergetika, Vol. 21, No. 12,
1974, pp. 46-50.
132
VITA
Sinan Celen was born in Elazlg, Turkey on April 10, 1969. He obtained his high
school degree from T.E.D. Ankara High School. He received his B.S. degree in
Mechanical Engineering from Middle East Technical Universitty in June 1990. Upon
graduation, he enrolled in the graduate program in Mechanical Engineering at the same
university, and worked there as a research assistant for one year. In June 1991, he came
to Mechanical Engineering Department of Lehigh University to continue his graduate
studies. During his gtaduate studies at Lehigh, he worked as a research and teaching
assistant.
133

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Lehigh University

Performance improvements study of steam turbine

Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd

DATE: January 17,1993

Presnted to the Graduate and Research Committee

in Candidacy for the Degree of

test loop and the generic model.

his brother for their continous support.

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ill

LIST OF TABLES V11

LIST OF FIGURES V11

2.1. Performance Parameters 4

2.2. Flow Regimes and Performance Characteristics 7

2.2.1. Region of No Appreciable Stall 8

2.2.2. Region of Transitory Stall 8

2.2.3. Fully Developed Stall Regime 8

2.2.4. Jet Flow Regime 9

2.3. Effect of Inlet Conditions on Performance 9

2.3.2. Effect of Swirl at Inlet 10

! 2;J.;-3. Effect of Inlet Boundary Layer Thickness 10

3. METHOD OF EXHAUST HOOD LOSS EVALUATION 12

3.1. Equations for the Hood Loss Coefficient 12

3.2. Calculation 'of Hood Loss Coefficient Using Test Data 18

3.2.1. Input Data 18

3.2.2. Arranging of the Units of Data 19

3.2.3. Static Pressure Values 19

3.2.4. Mass Averaging of the Static and Total Pressure Values

in the Annulus ' 21

3.2.5. Averaging of the Static Pressure at the Exit Flange 23

3.2.6. Calculation of the Hood Loss Coefficient 23

4. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 26 "

APPENDIX A - Tables and Figures 39

APPENDIX B - Resul~ for Generic Model Configurations 1 and 9 51

APPENDIX C - Samp'e Calculations 102

Table 1. Characteristic Dimensionless Lengths and Areas for Generic Model

Figure 1. Schematic of a Typical Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood

Figure 2. h-s Diagram of an Expanding Exhaust Hood (PAN> PpJ

Figure 3. Diffuser Geometries

Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of Diffuser Flow Regimes

Figure 5. Flow Regime Chart for 2-D Diffusers

Figure 7. Cdmparison of First Stall Lines

Figure 9. Boundary Layer Blockage

Figure 10. Graphical Determination of Hood Loss Coefficient, HL/LL

Figure 11. Flow Annulus

Figure 12. Traverse Points in Radial Direction

Figure 13. Schematic Diagram of Air Test ~op

Figure 14. Exit Flange

Figure 15 Variables Used to Describe Geometry of an Exhaust Hood

A cross-sectional area, hood annulus length

AR area ratio, AiA1

CLOSS,DIFF non-dimensional diffuser loss coefficient

specific heat at constant pressure, pressure coefficient

pressure coefficient (equation (35))

pressure recovery coefficient

ideal pressure recovery coefficient

d venturi meter pipe diameter

II tol::a! energy loss,' hood height