Final Exam Review Leader: Shawn Van Bruggen

Course: ChE 356 – Fluid Mechanics

Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Dr. Kurt Hebert
Iowa State University Date: 12-10-2017

Problems

Problem 1

A fluid pump system shown in the Supplementary Info A consists of a very large tank, pipe
network, and a pump. The fluid in the system has a density of 60 lbm/ft3, viscosity of 2 x 10-3
lbm/ft-s, and a vapor pressure of 8 psi. The tank is pressurized at 35 psi. The piping network has
2000 ft of 3 in pipe, two standard 90-degree elbows, and three wide open globe valves. The pipe
also has a relative roughness of 0.01. If the fluid has a flow rate of 80 GPM and the required net
positive suction head (NPSH) for the pump is 5 ft, will there be cavitation in the pump? Make
sure to include the friction of contraction, pipe friction, and the friction of the fittings in your
calculation.

Given the data in Supplementary Info B, what is the pressure drop, brake horsepower, and
efficiency of a 6.75” impeller pump at its operating point with water as the fluid?

Problem 2

Water enters a 100-mm diameter 900 elbow, positioned in a horizontal plane, at a velocity of 6
m/s. The inlet pressure of the elbow is 25 kPa and the outlet pressure is 15 kPa. What is the
magnitude of the force of the water on the elbow? Assume frictionless flow.

Problem 3

Consider flow of air around a cylinder as shown below. A potential function to model this flow is
also shown below. Assume the air is inviscid. The velocity and pressure far away from the
cylinder surface are V0 and P0.

𝑅 2
𝜑 = −𝑟𝑉0 [( ) + 1] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑟

1. Verify that the potential function satisfies the Laplace equation.

2. Determine the velocity components in the r and ϴ direction in general.
3. Determine the velocity components in the r and ϴ direction at the cylinder surface.
4. Determine the pressure of air at the top and bottom of the cylinder surface if the pressure
and velocity far away from the cylinder surface are 15 psi and the velocity is 100 ft/s,
respectively.
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Problem 4

A semi-truck trailer is moving 65 mph (29 m/s) down the highway. The trailer is 15 m long and
2.5 m wide on the top and sides. The density of air is 1.2 kg/m3 and 1.8 x 10-5 kg/m-s. If the air
flows parallel to the top and sides of the trailer, where does the transition to laminar and
turbulent flow occur on the trailer? What is the total drag force of all three sides? Estimate the
boundary layer thickness at the end of the trailer?

Problem 5

The 5 ft length of 1-inch smooth pipe is used on a water sprayer show below. The flow velocity
through the pipe is 10 ft/s. What is the pressure at the flanged joint? What is the force tending to
tear the flange apart? The viscosity of the water is 1.8 x 10-5 lbm/ft-s.

Problem 6

A laminated coating process requires the co-current flow of two incompressible Newtonian
fluids down an inclined plane at angle β to the horizontal as shown below. Determine the
velocity distributions and layer thicknesses for flow rates qI and qII. The simplified Navier Stokes
equation for this system is given by the equation below.

𝑑2𝑢
𝜇 2 = 𝜌𝑔sin𝛽
𝑑𝑦

1. What are the assumptions needed to get this result?

2. What are the boundary conditions for this system?
3. Find all four constants of integration for this problem.
4. Determine the expression for the shear stress at the plane surface.
 Appendix C (de Nevers)

Navier Stokes Equations (Cartesian Coordinates)

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
𝜌( +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 )= − + 𝜌𝑔𝑥 + 𝜇 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 𝒙 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 2𝑣 𝜕 2𝑣 𝜕 2𝑣
𝜌( +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 )= − + 𝜌𝑔𝑦 + 𝜇 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 𝒚 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 2𝑤 𝜕 2𝑤 𝜕 2𝑤
𝜌( +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 )= − + 𝜌𝑔𝑧 + 𝜇 ( 2 + + ) 𝒛 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2

Navier Stokes Equations (Polar Coordinates)

𝜕𝑣𝑟 𝜕𝑣𝑟 𝑣𝜃 𝜕𝑣𝑟 𝑣𝜃2 𝜕𝑣𝑟

𝜌( + 𝑣𝑟 + − +𝑣𝑧 )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑃 𝜕 1𝜕 1 𝜕 2 𝑣𝑟 2 𝜕𝑣𝜃 𝜕 2 𝑣𝑟
= − + 𝜌𝑔𝑟 + 𝜇 ( ( (𝑟𝑣𝑟 )) + 2 − + )
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 2 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 2

𝒓 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝜕𝑣𝜃 𝜕𝑣𝜃 𝑣𝜃 𝜕𝑣𝜃 𝑣𝜃 𝑣𝑟 𝜕𝑣𝜃

𝜌( + 𝑣𝑟 + + +𝑣𝑧 )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 1𝜕 1 𝜕 2 𝑣𝜃 2 𝜕𝑣𝑟 𝜕 2 𝑣𝜃
= − + 𝜌𝑔𝜃 + 𝜇 ( ( (𝑟𝑣𝜃 )) + 2 − + )
𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 2 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 2

𝜽 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝑣𝜃 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑃 1𝜕 𝜕𝑣𝑧 1 𝜕 2 𝑣𝑧 𝜕 2 𝑣𝑧

𝜌( + 𝑣𝑟 + +𝑣𝑧 )= − + 𝜌𝑔𝑧 + 𝜇 ( (𝑟 )+ 2 + )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 2 𝜕𝑧 2
𝒛 − 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Continuity Equation (Cartesian Coordinates)

𝜕𝜌 𝜕(𝜌𝑢) 𝜕(𝜌𝑣) 𝜕(𝜌𝑤)

− = + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

Continuity Equation (Polar Coordinates)

𝜕𝜌 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) 1 𝜕(𝜌𝑣𝜃 ) 𝜕(𝜌𝑣𝑧 )

− = + +
𝜕𝑡 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧
Stress Constitutive Equation (Cartesian Coordinates)

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝜇 [ + ]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑣
𝜏𝑧𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝜇 [ + ]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑢
𝜏𝑧𝑥 = 𝜏𝑥𝑧 = 𝜇 [ + ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧

Stress Constitutive Equation (Polar Coordinates)

𝜕 𝑣𝜃 1 𝜕𝑣𝑟
𝜏𝑟𝜃 = 𝜏𝜃𝑟 = 𝜇 [𝑟 [ ]+ ]
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃
1 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑣𝜃
𝜏𝑧𝜃 = 𝜏𝜃𝑧 = 𝜇 [ + ]
𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑣𝑟
𝜏𝑧𝑟 = 𝜏𝑟𝑧 = 𝜇 [ + ]
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑧