CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1-2
2. Aims and Objective
3. Rationale for the study tour
4. Study Tour day 1
5. Study Tour Day 2
6. Study Tour Day 3
7. Study Tour Day 4
8. Learning out come
9. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Environmental being a multi disciplinary science of studies requires facts through
observation. It requires an understanding of several natural processes. Field studies with
observation are essential for establishing various environmental facts and process which
influence them. It is essential to comprehend the most complex environmental issues and
phenomena by observing and analyzing the physical features as well as human activities
of certain area through field surveys. Study tour provides such opportunity to find out
some facts of environmental importance and also to make judgments. To have detailed
information of an area for better understanding, it is necessary to select area intensively
has designed a curriculum stipulated study tour, to enable the students of environmental
and Traditional Ecosystem (DETE), MLCU to have exposure of environment phenomena
and associated process outside Shillong also.
We the student of Department of environmental Traditional Ecosystems of Martin
Lut6her Christian University with a number of 24 students and 3 teachers as tour in-
charge visited the places in Gangtok cities. Our study tour has been started from the
capital of Meghalaya Shillong on 2nd Dec, 2017 at 4:30 Am. We have travelled by Sumo
to Guwahati our national Higher we experience contrasting weather and physical
conditions as compared to Shillong. We arrived Guwahati on 2nd Dec 10:30 am on that
morning and from Guwahati we travelled by train to the Jalpaiguri by Tourist bus and at
1:30 am on 3rd Dec we have reached Gangtok and stayed in a lodge name Sukham for 6
days and 5 nights. There we visited places like Rumtek Monastery, Himalayan
Zoological, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, National
organic farming research Institute and nathula Pass, Banjhakri falls and Energy park and
flower park, T Songmo Lake.
We left Gangtok for New Jalpaiguri on 9th Dec 2017 at 6 : 45 am by bus and
reached New Jalpaiguri at 12:30 pm and departed after long period of awaited at 1:00 am
by train to Guwahati we reached Guwahati on 10th Dec around 12:30 pm and we left
Guwahati for Shillong by Sumo at 1:00 pm and reached Shillong around 6:00 Pm. The
study route along with plans.
Aims and Objectives of Study Tour
The main objectives of the study tour are
1. To study the biodiversity of the state including the rich orchid flora and the current
level of conservation strategies adopted in the national parks and wildlife
sanctuary in the state.
2. The understand how waste management system put in place by the Government of
Sikkim and the successful model of organic farming.
Rationale for the Study Tour
The purpose of the study tour is to learn from the experience of neighbouring states.
There are good reasons for the choice of Sikkim Gangtok to know more about the
biodiversity of the state including the rich Orchid flora and the level of conservation
strategies adopted in the national parks and wildlife sanctuary in the state and the waste
management system and the successful models of organic farming different steps has
been taken to develop the state in Gangtok. So our department DETE from MLCU
decisions makers stand to learn much from the experience made in Gangtok.
Study Tour Day 1
First day of our study tour decided to visit Forest secretariat, Forest ENV and Wildlife
Management Department. There we interact with Dr. Gopal Pradan who finished his
studies in 1984 at NEHU Shillong, there he talk about the key to sustain environment and
different steps have been taken to develop the state (Gantok) and the environment where
it form and the difference between Environment and Ecological in 1986 “Environment
where it form and the difference between environment and Ecological in 1986
“Environment includes air water land and inter related to each other” and there he gave
briefly introduction on Gangtok. As it is the second smallest state of the Indian state of
Sikkim. Gangtok is located in the eastern Himalayan range, at an attitude of 1800 metre
with the area 70:96 sq km and in 16th May 1975 Sikkim became the state of India with
Geographical area of 83% under the custody of Government. Sikkim distributed into 4
districts 16 sub-division along with 176 Gram Panchayat units.

And he mentioned about the flora and fauna which have been found in Sikkim
about 400 species of plant have been recorded in Sikkim and over 600 species of orchids
grow in Sikkim and the mammals of Sikkim are the rare snow Leopard, Himalayan Black
bear, red Panda, Musk Deer and Blue Sheep. Birdlife is abundant with Giant
Lammergeier, Vultures, Eagles, Bulbuls among the 550 species to be seen in Sikkim and
he even talk about some animals or species which are endangered like clouded leopard,
Himalayan thar, red Panda ta Red panda a state animal he added.

And he discussed about the cultivation in Sikkim like sampling of seeds and it
based on the terrace farming of rice and the cultivation of crops such as maize, millet,
wheat, barely, oranges, tea and cardamom. Sikkim produces more than any other Indian
state. And the game information about how they manage to encourage people or citizen
to take participate in festivals where they promote to
a) Afforestation
b) Cleanliness
c) Awareness of the environment and sustainable development

Sikkim is a plastic free declared in 1990 and band on manufacture before sale in
fire crackers band in burning garbage and band in littering, Sikkim declared as
organic state.
After done discussing with Dr. Gopal Pradan we went to visit Himalayan
Zoological park there we get chance to see many Animals and birds, zoo is quite
unique at the first of its kind in India where animals are kept in natural habitats
(well I should say semi natural habitats. It is a wonderful park land that spans
across a vast 230 hectares forested land with elevation ranging from 6,500 to
8,000 feet. In park we can see many rare and endangered species of animals.
Animals available in the 200 includes Red pandar, clouded Leopard, Common
Leopard cat, Tibetan wolfs, Himalayan plam cinets, large Indian civets gorals,
Barking Deer Yaks, Porcupine etc. And there we can also see different birds like
golden pleasant, silver pheasant, Lady Amherst pleasant, kalif, satyr Trapgopan
etc.
STUDY TOUR DAY 2
Second day of our study tour we visited G.B. Pants Institute of Himalayan Environment
and Development there we met Dr. Kailash Gerath and his Co-worker we sat and tlak in
their meeting hall for some period of time about how Sikkim form and importance of
conserving biodiversity.
Sikkim belong to 3 international boundaries which is China, Bhutan and Nepal
and it is sensitive to change in climate as a part of Himalaya region and the area of
Sikkim is 7.096 sq kms and measures approximately about 110 kms form north to south
and about 64 kms from the east to the west. And the main area of operation and their key
area of research includes.

 Biodiversity conservation studies in Khangchend ionga Landscape Biosphere

Reserve and other sensitive areas with focus on human dimension.
 Geo-environmental assessment of land hazards and mitigation strategies
 Human dimension studies in conservation areas.
 Biotechnological application for conservation of Rho dodendren species.
 And he mentioned about Technological achievement and Development of Rare
and Threatened plant conservation park in Gangtok Sikkim. And after done
discussion with Dr. Kailash Gerath we met Dr. Dravindra Kumar and he gave
information on khang chend zonga Biosphere Reserve project of 8
villages/settlements of North and West Sikkim covered extensively for socio-
economic human dimension as well as ecological perspectives and the model site
developed at Kamrang village with community participation for the fully erosion
and small landslide preventions on upland farms and the extension of Technology
packeages in the sub-tropical and temperate sites of watershed, through training
and cpaapcity building for farmers women on simple form based technologies.
 And after that Dr. M. Sahid gave a tour on whole area where they practice
and how they managed. Where we can see Herbal Gordens Medicinal plants and
multipurpose trees nurseries Bio resource Technology Park : Vermi compositing,
bio compositing, weed compositing, water harvesting tank, bamboo propagation,
MPTS and Tissue and they also practice in situ and ex situ bio cross secting etc.
STUDY TOUR
DAY 3
On third day of our study Tour that is 6th dee We went ICAR-National Organic Farming
Research Institute (No FRI) Tadong, Gangtok in collaboration with Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Department. First Dr. Ashish Yadav, Senior Scientist (Horticulture)
elaborated about various issues as resources conservation techniques, technologies for
efficient water. Nutrients utilization for enhancing production of crop, soil health,
breeding strategies and animal health etc. He highlighted the role of organic agriculture in
general and organic animal husbandry in particular in maintaining human health,
generating livelihood opportunities, reducing environmental pollutions and conservation
of soil health for sustainable societal development by adopting organic package of
practices in their farming. He also enlightened the House about the role of farm yard
manure for enriching soil nutrients.
First they took us where goats are rearing and explain on how sinhari or
indigenous goats are important and how rare these goats were. And after that we’ve taken
to dairy cattle and elaborated in detail about the housing, feeding and therapeutic
management of dairy cattle and later to the piggery farming where the technologies for
vanaraja poultry farming and pig production under deep litter housing system. After
which, we were taken to vegetables farm and explain the technologies for year round
vegetable production under low cost plastic tunnels including package of practices for
organic fruit and vegetable productions and they also demonstrated the technologies for
large cardamom production and management under organic farming. Mr. Shaon Kumar
Das, Scientist (Soil Science), detailed about the integrated soil nutrient management for
organic farming including different organic source of nutrients and how they use
dolomite for once in a year to fertilize the soil and later on they took us to the paddy
fields and shows the differences between two paddy fields the organic management of
insects and pests occurring in crops and vegetables including the available commercial
organic formulations and conventional remedial measures for the effective control of
insects and pesti and most important thing farmers also get educated to maintain the crops
and managing various diseases in crops.
STUDY TOU DAY 4

On 7th of Dec that is Day 4th of our study Tour we went to see how solid waste have been
managing by Gangtok Municipal Co-operation and some of information we got from
there were few and it can show in the following measures.

a) Machine is new as per infuriation

b) It can recycle minimum 10 tons per day
c) Separating the waste and the plastic bottles
d) The plastic bottles got compressed
e) It turned biodegradable to manure
f) The price of the machine cost 2 to 3 crores
Learning Out Come:-
In this study tour I’ve experienced a lot and I observed different things variations from
Shillong, first day of our study tour after interacting with Dr. Gopal Pradan I got a
knowledge how Sikkim has form and about biodiversity in Sikkim and the 2dn day of our
study tour I’ve learned how importance of conserving biodiversity and 3rd day I’ve
learned so many things from different scientist who are working in ICAR about livestock,
soil and vegetables and fruits and on the 4th day of our study tour I got a chance to see
how to sag grate waste and how biodegradable been produce as a manure.

And some of the things that I observed from Sikkim, including Gangtok is
underlain by precam brian rocks which contains fociated phyllites and schists; slopes are
therefore prone to frequent landslides. Mount kan chenjuga (8,598 m) the world’s third
highest peak is visible to the west of the city, Gangtok enjoys a mild, temperate climate
all year round.
Ta Tarees are most widely available public transport within Gangtok. Most of the resient
stay within a few kilometers of the town centre and ethnic Indian Nepalis who settled in
the region during British rule, comprise the majority of Gangtok’s residents. Marwaris,
who own most of the shops and most important plants in Sikkim is different from
Shillong and the animals species too.
CONCLUSION
The main aim of the study tour is to comprehence variations in climate, vegetation and
environment relationship, study tour helps one to understand the interaction of different
environmental issues. The study tour has provided immense knowledge on various
aspects of environmental, socio-economic and cultural variations. We have experienced
notable changes in all aspects of physical environment right from Silchar to Gangtok.
Most of the places which we have visited are tourist sites. Their rich cultural heritage and
beautiful sites attract a large number of tourists from all over the world as well as from
other experienced drastic changes in climate.

I would like to conclude my report and my sincere thanks to all teachers in the
department for selecting places like Gangtok for study tour I am thankful to my
classmates and seniors and juniors for their constant motivation and encouragement.