Design Shear Forces. Flexural response requires that walls be designed to develop a hinge at the base and yield in flexure. Por design of tall walls with higher mode effects, additional flexural hinging may occur and be desirable to prevent shear yielding in the wall. The shear capacity of the wall must be sufficient to develop the flexural ‘capacity of the wall. For special reinforced flexural walls (See ASCE 7-05 recommendations). the design shear force, Vs, can be taken as the shear associated with the development ofthe probable moment strength, My, atthe potential plastic-hinge location of the wall, including inelastic dynamic amplification effects. Vj may be calculated per Equation 3 when an clastic analysis is undertaken using the prescribed static earthquake Forces inthe code, or by using Equation 4 when modal dynamic analysis is used for design, Vin Equation 3 is Increased to account for inelastic dynamic amplification of shear. The shear amplification factor, e,, in Equation 3 accounts for inelastic dynamic effects that can cause the vertical distribution of lateral seismic forces to differ from the inverted triangular pattern assumed in the analysis, resulting in greater shear corresponding to the same wall faxural strength. The formulas for @, are taken from Paulay and Priestly (1992), Note that ASCE 7-05 prescribes a parabolic distribution of earthquake forces depending on the height ofthe structure. However Equation 3 can still be used as an ‘approximation. Given that the shear amplification factor is intended to more realistically capture uppet-bound design forces, a higher ¢ of about 0.85 may be warranted for the calculation of @V, with the static procedure. Equation 3 captures the elastic dynamic response of the structure and uses the relationship of story shear and moment obtained from the analysis to obtain demand Ve corresponding to M,, Given that this procedure is essentially based on an ‘elastic analysis and thus has a level of uncertainty with respect to the inelastic response, a 9 =0.75 is recommended for the calculation of shear strength, oY. For analysis using code prescribed static EQ forces: Ve=(Vs Mp/M Xo). Eq.3) 'V, = the shoar demand from the static lateral force analysis occurring simultaneously with the Mu. Vu isin accordance with the factored load combinations ‘M,, = shall be calculated for the axial load case that results inthe largest value of M. the flexural demand from the static lateral force analysis in accordance with the factored load. combinations is the shear amplification factor when starting from a static lateral force analysis and shall be taken as (0.94N/10), for buildings up to 6 stories, and (1.34/30), for buildings over 6 stories. For analysis using linear dynamic analysis Vet, Ml) (09) (Eq) Wherethe shear demand from the dynamic lateral force analysis occurring simultaneously with the Mu. ‘Vu is in accordance with the factored load combinations shall be calculated for the axial load case that results in the largest value of My, the flexural demand from the dynamic lateral force analysis in aecordance with the factored load combinations is the shear amplification factor when starting from a dynamic lateral force analysis and shall be taken as (1.2+N/50). 19 18 7 shear amplification factor 1 4 7 1 13 18 19 2 2 oe number of stories Figure 3, Relationship of the shear amplification factor over the number of stories.