Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Chapter 3
PROJECT PLANNING
Projects – defined as a series of related tasks directed toward a major output.
Project organization – an organization is formed to ensure that programs (projects) receive the proper management and
attention.
Project Organization Works Best When:
Work can be defined with a specific goal and deadline.
The job is unique or somewhat unfamiliar to the existing organization.
The work contains complex interrelated tasks requiring specialized skills.
The project is temporary but critical to the organization.
The project cuts across organizational lines.
President
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – Dividing a project into more and more detailed components.
PROJECT SCHEDULING – involves sequencing and allotting time to all project activities.
Gantt charts – planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time.
Gantt charts are an example of a widely used , nonmathematical technique that is very popular with
managers because it is simple and visual.
Gantt Chart of Service Activities for a PAL Jet during a 60-Minute Layover
Passengers Deplaning
Baggage claim
Baggage Container offload
Fuelling Pumping
Engine injection water
Cargo and mail Container offload
Galley servicing Main cabin door
Aft cabin door
Lavatory servicing Aft, center, forward
Drinking water Loading
Cabin cleaning First-class section
Economy section
Cargo and mail Container/bulk loading
Flight service Galley/cabin check
Received passengers
Operating crew Aircraft check
Baggage Loading
Passengers Boarding
0 15 30 45
Time, minutes
Dummy activities – an activity having no time, inserted into the network to maintain the logic of the network.
A dummy activity consumes no time or resources, but is required when a network has two activities
with identical starting and ending events, or when two or more follow some, but not all, “preceding”
activities.
2-Pass Process
1. Forward pass – identifies all the earliest times.
2. Backward pass – finds all latest times.
Beta probability distribution – a mathematical distribution that may describe the activity time estimate distributions in a
PERT network.
Crashing – shortening activity time in a network to reduce time on the critical path so total completion time is reduced.