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g Proj: Admin
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Tel:d Date: 24/08/17
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Column section

Calculations for timber columns in accordance with BS5268:Pt 2:1991 and the 'Timber Designers Manual' by Baird and
Ozelton

Column shaft - 75 wide x 200 deep

Timber type - Sawn Softwood as Appendix D Table 98

Height of column shafts = 2000 mm

Column formed from 2 shafts spaced at a = 200 mm

Strength class from Table 9 - SC3

Exposure condition - Wet

Design axial compression = 10 kN

Design moment - about x-x axis = 1.5 kNm
- about y-y axis = 0.5 kNm

Packs for spaced columns

The moment about the y-y axis will induce additional axial load in the shafts of the column. The maximum additional load is in
the extreme shafts and has a value of 2.5 kN. Hence, the maximum axial load in any single shaft is
N' = N/N +N
shaft my
= 10/2+2.5
= 7.50 kN

A spaced column is being employed and will require end and intermediate packs in accordance with clauses 15.9.1 and
15.9.2. Shear connectors will be used to transfer the shear forces derived.

End packs - should be of such length to transfer the shear force in accordance with clause 15.9.1.1, modified to account for
the forces induced by the applied moments. The pack length should not be less than 450 mm.

Intermediate packs - should be at least 230mm long and transfer a shear force of not less than 50% of that determined for end
packs above. As the column height does not exceed 30*b, only one intermediate pack is required and it should be placed at
mid-height.

Determine Axial Stresses - including for bending about y-y axis

The effective length of the column for the x-x axis is

l = H *F
ex o lex
= 2000*1
= 2000 mm
and the effective length of the column for the y-y axis is
l = H *F
ey o ley
= 2000*1
 = 2000 mm
The slenderness ratios are based on the derived radii of gyration for the compound section where
i = 57.7 mm
xx
and i = 102.3 mm
yy
The slenderness ratio, modified by factor K ( 1.02 ) for the wet exposure condition, for the x-x axis is
1
 = l /(i *K )
x ex xx 1
= 2000/(57.7*1.02)
= 34.0
and the slenderness ratio, modified by factor K ( 1.02 ) for the wet exposure condition, for the y-y axis is
1
 = l /(i *K )
y ey yy 1
= 2000/(102.3*1.02)
= 19.2
Determine the allowable compressive stress
- basic grade stress,  = 6.8 N/mm2
cpa
- modulus of elasticity E = 5800 N/mm2

- modification factors
- for wet exposure K = 0.6
2
- for load duration, long K =1
3
- load sharing system K = 1.1
8
The lowest permissible stress is calculated in accordance with clause 15.10, for the following cases

(a) Solid column bending about x-x axis

- for compression members K = 0.84

12

giving the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K *K *K *K
cpaall cpa 2 3 8 12
= 6.8*0.6*1*1.1*0.84
= 3.77 N/mm2

(b) Single shaft with effective length equal to the spacing of the packing pieces

The effective length of the single shaft, p = 2 mm and the minimum radius of gyration for the single shaft is
cc
si = 21.7 mm
yy
giving the slenderness ratio of the single shaft, modified by factor K ( 1.02 ) for the wet exposure condition, as
1
 = p /(si *K )
yy cc yy 1
= 2/(21.7*1.02)
= 0.1
- for compression members K = 1.00
12

giving the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K *K *K *K
cpaall cpa 2 3 8 12
= 6.8*0.6*1*1.1*1
= 4.49 N/mm2

(c) Compound column bending about the y-y axis, with the effective length modified by factor K13

- for compression members K = 2.067

13
giving the modified slenderness ratio
 =  *K
yy y 13
= 19.2*2.067
= 39.7
and K = 0.813
12

and the allowable compressive stress as

 = *K *K *K *K
cpaall cpa 2 3 8 12
 = 6.8*0.6*1*1.1*0.813
= 3.65 N/mm2

Case (c) provides the minimum allowable stress of 3.65 N/mm 2 .

The applied compressive stress, modified by factor K ( 1.04 ) for the wet exposure condition, is
1
 = N'*103/(A*K )
cpaapp 1
= 7.5*103/(15000*1.04)
= 0.48 N/mm2

Determine Bending Stresses - x-x axis only

Determine the allowable bending stress

- basic grade stress,  = 5.3 N/mm2
bp

- modification factors
- for wet exposure K = 0.8
2
- for load duration, long K =1
3
- for depth K = (300/h)0.11
7
= (300/200)0.11
= 1.05
- non-load sharing system K =1
8

Hence the allowable bending stress

 =  *K *K *K *K
bpall bp 2 3 7 8
= 5.3*0.8*1*1.05*1
= 4.45 N/mm2

The applied bending stress about the x-x axis, modified by factor K ( 1.06 ) for the wet exposure condition, is
1
 = M *106/(Z *K )
bpappx xx xx 1
= 1.5*106/(500000*1.06)
= 2.83 N/mm3

Combining Axial and Bending Stresses

Using the interaction formula described in clause 15.6, with the Euler critical stress
 = (2*E)/ 2
e max
= ((3.142)2*5800)/(39.7)2
= 36.32 N/mm2

and the Euler coefficient

K = 1-(1.5* *K / )
e cpaapp 12 e
= 1-(1.5*0.48*0.813/36.32)
= 0.984

the combined effect of axial load and bending is

IFC = ( /( *K ))+( / )
bpappx bpall e cpaapp cpaall
= (2.83/(4.45*0.984))+(0.48/3.65)
= 0.78
Which is not greater than 1.0 SECTION OK