CHECK OF RAFT AREA

Bearing Capacity = 1.8 Tons/f2

Qn = 4.032

LEFT-OS LX-1 DX-1 LX-2 DX-2 LX-3

TOP-OS 0 6.75 6.75
LY-1 318 0 175
DY-1 7.067
LY-2 64 56 151
DY-2 6.75
LY-3 90 69 292
DY-3 15.33
LY-4 412 0 277
DY-4 0
LY-5 0 0 0
DY-5 0
LY-6 0 0 0
DY-6 0
LY-7 0 0 0
DY7 0
LY-8 0 0 0
DY-8 0
LY-9 0 0 0
DY-9 0
LY-10 0 0 0
BOT-OS 0
TOTAL-L 884 125 895
TOTAL-DY 29.147

LENGTH OF RAFT (WITH OFFSETS), x = 59.25

HALF LENGTH OF RAFT (WITH OFFSETS), x/2 = 29.625
LENGTH OF RAFT (WITHOUT OFFSETS), L = 59.25
HAF LENGTH OF RAFT (WITHOUT OFFSETS), L/2 = 29.625
WIDTH OF RAFT (WITH OFFSETS), y = 29.147
HALF WIDTH OF RAFT (WITH OFFSETS), y/2 = 14.5735
WIDTH OF RAFT (WITHOUT OFFSETS), W = 29.147
HALF WIDTH OF RAFT (WITHOUT OFFSETS), W/2 = 14.5735
Ix = bh3/12 = 122261.21
IY = hb3/12 = 505216.68
SUM OF ALL SERVICES LOADS, P = 5051
AREA OF RAFT, b X h = 1726.9598
X' = 31.167937
EX = X' - (L/2) = 1.542937
 MY = P x EX 7793.375
Y' = 14.47718
EY = Y' - (W/2) = -0.0963196
Mx = P x EY -486.5105

P/A = -2.9247931
( MY . x/2 ) / IY = 0.4569895
( MX . y/2 ) / IX = -0.0579919

q1 =-(P/A) - (( MY . x/2 ) / IY) - (( MX . y/2 ) / IX) = -3.3237907

q2 = -(P/A) + (( MY . x/2 ) / IY) - (( MX . y/2 ) / IX) = -2.4098117
q3 = - (P/A) + (( MY . x/2 ) / IY) + (( MX . y/2 ) / IX) = -2.5257955
q4 =-(P/A) - (( MY . x/2 ) / IY) +(( MX . y/2 ) / IX) = -3.4397746

Soil type Loose sand

Effective bearing stress for the soil 100
Sub grade modulus 20,000
Concrete strength of raf 16.5
Reinforcement steel strength 420
Why Raft should be used
qe = 100 kN/m2
Maximum dead load on column = 350 kN
Maximum live load on column = 250 kN
Total maximum service axial load = 600 kN
Area of single sq. footing = 6.60 m2
Width x depth of the footing = 2.57 m
or 3 m x 3 m
This area is considered to be very big to be excavated so raf
is more economical and efficient for this foundation

Raft Thickness

In raf foundation thickness can be determined by checking the diagonal tension shear that will be imposed in the raf
the maximum ultimate column load will be used in the caculation.

U = (bo)(d)(Ф)(0.34)(/fc')
U = factored column load
Ф = reduction factor
bo = the perimeter of the sheared area
d = effective depth of raf
fc' = compressive strength of concrete

In this raf d/2

U= 820 kN
 = 0.82 MN 0.4
bo = 4(Column diamension+d) = 1.6 +4d d/2 d/2

d/2
U= (C99+4d)(d)(0.75)(0.34)(/fc')
Solve manually and find d
afer finding d add 75 for cover and 25 for
bar area
Cover = 75 mm
0.82 = (C99d+4d2) 1.036
(C99d+4d2) = 0.792
a= 4
b= 1.6
c= -0.792
2.302 -5.502
0.200 -0.600 Take positive value out of these two for "d"
d= 300
So thickness of raf = 300 mm 11.81 in

Raft Depth check

One way Shear

Vu = Maximum shear - (d)(wsoil)

To determine the wsoil, the average soil pressure should be determined in
the maximum loads strips

Assume Max. value of shear is = 2173 kN

for the strip, the ultimate bearing stress of the soil

qult = (Total factored load in strip area of the strip)/area of strip
2996 4496 4494 2996
8.3521

wsoil = 1794 kN/m2

wsoil = 5184.08 kN/m
d = 225 mm

Vu = Maximum shear - (d)(wsoil)

2173 (d)(wsoil)
Vu = 1006.6 kN
d= Vu (1000) =
(0.75)(/fc')(1/6)(B)

d= 685.0 mm Not OK in one way Punching

Two way Shear

d/2 0.5 d/2

a

a+d
Vu = Column axial load - (d+a) (wsoil)
2

wsoil = 1793.80 kN/m

2

d = 225 mm
Vu = -122.9 kN
bo = 4(a+d) = 2900 mm

d = Vu(1000)
(0.75)(/fc')(1/3)(bo)

d= -41.8 mm OK in two way Punching

X - strip design:
Positive Moments (Bottom reinforcement)
d= 225 mm
Mu+ (max) 37.4 kN.m/m
Mu+ 0.87 or R = 374.3 psi
Фbd2
go to the table ρ = 0.0088 more than ρmin = 0.0035 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)
ρ= 0.0088 less than ρmax = 0.019 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)

ρ (used) = 0.0088 OK
As = ρbd
As = 1980 mm2/m
use 5.00 Ф 25 @ 250.00 mm c/c
for positive moments in X direction- Bottom reinforcement
Check Mc

a= As*Fy 1030835.089
0.85*fc*b 14025

a = 73.50 mm
c = a/B1
 = 86.47 mm
d = h-cover
d = 225 mm
єt = {(d-c)/c}*0.003
0.0048 > 0.005 (Tension Control)
then use Ф = 0
Mc = Ф(As)(Fy){(d - (a/2)}
= 0.00 kN.m > 37.4 kN.m
0
for positive moments in X direction- Bottom reinfo Ф 25 @ 250

Negative Moment (Top reinforcement)

d= 225 mm
Mu+ (max) 37.4 kN.m/m
Mu+ 0.87 or R = 126.0 psi
=
Фbd 2

go to the table ρ = 0.0064 more than ρmin = 0.0035 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)
ρ= 0.0035 less than ρmax = 0.019 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)

ρ (used) = 0.0064 OK
As = ρbd
As = 1440 mm2/m
use 3.00 Ф 25 @ 500.00 mm c/c
for negitive moments in X direction- Top reinforcement
Check Mc

a= As*Fy 618501.0537
0.85*fc*b 14025

a = 44.10 mm
c = a/B1
= 51.88 mm
d = h-cover
d = 225 mm
єt = {(d-c)/c}*0.003
0.0100 > 0.005 (Tension Control)
then use Ф = 0.9
Mc = Ф(As)(Fy){(d - (a/2)}
= 112.97 kN.m > 37.4 kN.m
OK
for negitive moments in X direction- Top reinforce Ф 25 @ 500

Y - strip design:
Positive Moments (Bottom reinforcement)
d= 200 mm
Mu+ (max) 37.4 kN.m/m
Mu+ 1.10 or R = 159.50 psi
=
Фbd 2

go to qu table ρ = 0.009 more than ρmin = 0.0035 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)
ρ= 0.0035 less than ρmax = 0.019 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)

ρ (used) = 0.009 OK
As = ρbd
As = 1800 mm2/m
use 4.00 Ф 25 @ 333.33 mm c/c
for positive moments in Y direction- Bottom reinforcement
Check Mc

a= As*Fy 824668.0716
0.85*fc*b 14025

a = 58.80 mm
c = a/B1
= 69.18 mm
d = h-cover
d = 225 mm
єt = {(d-c)/c}*0.003
0.0068 > 0.005 Tension Control
then use Ф = 0.9
Mc = Ф(As)(Fy){(d - (a/2)}
= 145.17 kN.m > 37.4 kN.m
OK
for positive moments in Y direction- Bottom reinfo Ф 25 @ 330

Negative Moment (Top reinforcement)

d= 200 mm
Mu+ (max) 37.4 kN.m/m
Mu+ 1.10 or R = 159.5 psi
=
Фbd 2

go to qu table ρ = 0.0076 more than ρmin = 0.0035 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)
ρ= 0.0035 less than ρmax = 0.019 (for 60,000 psi and 3,500 concrete)

ρ (used) = 0.0076 OK
As = ρbd
As = 1520 mm2/m
use 4.00 Ф 25 @ 333.33 mm c/c
for negitive moments in Y direction- Top reinforcement
Check Mc

a= As*Fy 824668.0716
0.85*fc*b 14025

a = 58.80 mm
c = a/B1
= 69.18 mm
d = h-cover
d = 225 mm
єt = {(d-c)/c}*0.003
0.0068 > 0.005 (Tension Control)
then use Ф = 0.9
Mc = Ф(As)(Fy){(d - (a/2)}
= 145.17 kN.m > 37.4 kN.m
OK
for negitive moments in Y direction- Top reinforce Ф 25 @ 330

Moment value (kN.m/m) Manual Design

X Strip
Bottom As 37.4 Ф 25 @ 250 mm
Top As 37.4 Ф 25 @ 500 mm
Y Strip
Bottom As 37.4 Ф 25@ 330 mm
Top As 37.4 Ф 25@ 330 mm
CHECK OF RAFT AREA AGAINST THE BEARING PRESSURE OF SOIL

DX-3 LX-4 DX-4 LX-5 DX-5 LX-6 DX-6 LX-7 DX-7 LX-8
11.5 11.5 11.5 11.25 0
204 227 188 405 0

0 0 0 245 0

0 510 0 245 0

235 252 205 431 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

439 989 393 1326 0

 OK
OK
OK
OK

kN/m2
kN/m3
MPa 2,393 psi
MPa 60,916 psi

t will be imposed in the raf

d/2

2.89m

Max. shear strip

2.89 m
 d/2

942.8663

i and 3,500 concrete)

i and 3,500 concrete)

Ф of bar area (mm2)

10 78.5
12 113.1
16 201.1
20 314.2
22 380.1
25 490.9
32 804.2
 mm c/c

i and 3,500 concrete)

i and 3,500 concrete)

10 78.5
12 113.1
16 201.1
20 314.2
22 380.1
25 490.9
32 804.2

mm c/c
i and 3,500 concrete)
i and 3,500 concrete)

10 78.5
12 113.1
16 201.1
20 314.2
22 380.1
25 490.9
32 804.2

mm c/c

i and 3,500 concrete)

i and 3,500 concrete)

10 78.5
12 113.1
16 201.1
 20 314.2
22 380.1
25 490.9
32 804.2

mm c/c

12 11.81

Moment (lb-in) Rn m 2mRn/Fy Rho

331017.7 374.3 29.9 0.37 0.0068
331017.7 374.3 29.9 0.37 0.0068

331017.7 374.3 29.9 0.37 0.0068

331017.7 374.3 29.9 0.37 0.0068
DX-8 LX-9 DX-9 LX-10 RIGHT-OS TOTAL-L TOTAL-DX
0 0 0 59.25
0 0 1517

0 0 516

0 0 1206

0 0 1812

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0
0 5051
0 0 5051
 Design of Footings (Raft Footings )
Layer A (Global X Direction) - Top Rebars
Required reinforcement = 0.5 inc.2/f
Required flexural Reinforcement = 0.5 inc.2/f Using Bar No. 4 Area of one bar =
Dia. = 0.5 inc No of Bars req. = 3
Spacing of Bars = 4 inch c/c
Layer A (Global X Direction)- Bottom Rebars
Required reinforcement = 0.50 inc.2/f
Required flexural Reinforcement = 0.5 inc2/f Using Bar No. 4 Area of one bar =
Dia. = 0.5 inc No of Bars req. = 3
Spacing of Bars = 4 inch c/c
Layer B (Global Y Direction)- Top Rebars
Required reinforcement = 0.6 inc.2/f
Required flexural Reinforcement = 0.6 inc.2/f Using Bar No. 4 Area of one bar =
Dia. = 0.5 inc No of Bars req. = 3
Spacing of Bars = 4 inch c/c
Layer B (Global Y Direction)- Bottom Rebars
Required reinforcement = 0.4476 inc.2/f
Required flexural Reinforcement = 0.4 inc2/f Using Bar No. 4 Area of one bar =
Dia. = 0.5 inc No of Bars req. = 3
Spacing of Bars = 5 inch c/c

Minimum Reinforcement
Thickness of footing Slab = 18 inc
Min Reinforcement = 0.0018. b .h = 0.3888 inc.2/f
Using # 5 @ 9 inch c/c Area of one bar =

RESULTS :
Global X- Direction (Top) # 4 @ 4 inch c/c
Global X-Direction (Bot.) # 4 @ 4 inch c/c
Global Y- Direction (Top) # 4 @ 4 inch c/c
Global Y-Direction (Bot.) # 4 @ 5 inch c/c

SAFE MODEL
0.2 inc.2

0.2 inc.2

0.2 inc.2

0.2 inc.2

0.31 inc.2
 If Moment Mu is known or calculated from the ETABs , SAP
Model etc then Area of Steel (As)
fc' = 3000 psi
fy = 60000 psi
Mu = 19 k-ft
Beam Dimension (inch) 9 x 21
d= 18.25 inch

Area of Steel is given by :-

As = (0.85.fc'.b.d/fy)*(1-(1-(2.Mu/0.9.b.d2.0.85fc')1/2)
= 0.24 inch2/ft
Minimum Area of Steel = 0.0018.b.h = 0.34 inch2/ft

If Bar No 4 to be used , then Spacing would be 6.9 inch c/c

Design Data
Fy= 60000
Fc'= 2400 Density Of Concrete 150 Pcf
Span= 15 Feets
Live Load 350 Lb/ft
Dead Load 350 Lb/Ft
Moment Coefficient (mid span)= 8
Moment Coefficient (Support)= 10
Assumed Self Load= 103.34375 Lb/ft
Total Factored Load= 1229.68125 Lb/Ft

Design Solution
Rho (Bal)= 0.0171
0.50 Rho (Bal)= 0.0086
Rn= 448.6153 Psi
b*d^2= 1027.8974 in^3

IF b= 12 inch
Then d= 9.26 And h=
Depth required for deflection(spa 11.25 inch

USE Width b= 12 Inch

Height h= 12 Inch OK in Deflection

Steel Calculations

X Bottom X Top Y Top Y Bottom

Coefficient 10 8 10 0

Moments (Lb-inch) 332,014 415,017 332,014 #DIV/0!

Moments (K-Ft) 28 28 28 28
Rn 360.66909728 450.8363715985 360.66909728 #DIV/0!

m 29.411764706 29.4117647059 29.411764706 29.411765

2mRn/Fy 0.3535971542 0.4419964427 0.3535971542 #DIV/0!

Rho 0.0066642781 0.0086021239 0.0066642781 #DIV/0!

As 0.7597277077 0.9806421206 0.7597277077 #DIV/0!

Bar Dia No. Of Bars No. Of Bars No. Of Bars

3 6.9 8.9 6.9
4 3.9 5.0 3.9
5 2.5 3.2 2.5
6.0 1.7 2.2 1.7
7.0 1.3 1.6 1.3
8.0 1.0 1.2 1.0
9.0 0.8 1.0 0.8
10.0 0.6 0.8 0.6
Capacity Check of selected section

Selected dimensions
b= 12
d= 12
Steel
4 4 5 4
As= 0.79 0.98 0.79
a= 1.9 2.4 1.9
Phi Mn= 402464.0 488894.6 402464.0 Lb-inch
OK OK OK
33.5 40.7 33.5 K-Ft
331,018 331,018 331,018 331,018