Métodos de Perforación

Perforación por
Rotación
• Una broca se coloca al final de la
sarta de perforación la cual se
hace girar

• Es reciente comparada con la

técnica de percusión

• El primer taladro se construyó en

Francia en los 1860 para
atravesar rocas suaves

• En ese tiempo se creía que todos

los HC estaban bajo capas de
roca dura y se usaba mejor la
perforación por percusión

• Primer uso exitoso en Corsicana,

Texas, 1900 buscando agua
Perforación por
Rotación
• Primera aplicación exitosa en
Spindletop Texas 1901, a 1020
ft y producción de 100.000BPD

• Se realizaron mejoras al sistema

que permitieron perforar a
30.000 ft

• Entre mas alta la torre mas

secciones en el stand

• Cuando se saca la tubería cada

tubo se desenrosca y se ordena

• Los cortes son sacados con

fluidos de perforación
 according to the well program using the equipment and procedures specified in the contract.
Prior to the initiation of the drilling operations, the wellsite must be prepared to receive the d
all other related equipment. The specific type of work for wellsite preparation will depend on th

Equipo Humano Objective Trajectory Environment

• Exploration • Vertical • Onshore
◦ Wildcat • Directional • Offshore
• Involucra varias disciplinas y ◦ Appraisal ◦ Inclined
◦ Extension ◦ Horizontal
varias compañías
• Development ◦ Long reach
• Injection ◦ Special design
• Special purpose
• Depende del objetivo y tipo de ◦ Stratigraphic
pozo
◦ Blowout relief

Fig. 1.6—Well classification.

• Se deben asegurar los
Equipo de Geología:
permisos para explorar

Realiza estudios Sísmicos y geológicos para

definir sitio a perforar
• Es común tener consorcios

• Joint Operating Agreements
Define la estrategia de producción
• Estudios previos
Equipo de Yacimientos:
Equipo de Perforación:
Responde por la planeación y ejecución de la
operación de perforación. Incluye presupuesto
y planes de contingencia
Ambientes de Perforación
Preparación del la Locación
Organización Típica para Perforar Introduction to Rotary Drilling

Oil Drilling
Drilling company services
contractor (well operator) companies

Accounting Rig design and Accounting Reservoir Land

department maintenance department engineering department
Drilling Drilling
fluids cements
Drilling Formation Operations Production
superintendent evaluation engineering
Well Formation
monitoring evaluation

Drilling
superintendent Directional Well
drilling casing
Drilling Geology
engineering
Drilling Well-
bits completion
equipment
Tool Company
pusher representative
Blowout
prevention Miscellaneous
Other rigs Other wells
under Driller in progress
contract
Field
representatives
Rotary Rig
Derrickman helpers mechanics
Rig crew
Partes del Equipo de 8 Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering

Perforación
Derrick

• Se usa una broca a la que se le

aplica peso y rotación

• Pesos suministrado por las Rotary hose

botellas o Drill Collars
Swivel Stand pipe

• En superficie la rotación la Bell nipple

aplica por motores en superficie Blowout
preventer
y/o motores en fondo

Emergency
flowline
Mud
• A medida que se gana pump
profundidad se agregan mas
Drillpipe Conductor casing Earthen pit
tubos

Annulus
• Los ripios se transportan a la Drill collars

superficie por el lodo que se

limpia en superficie Bit

Fig. 1.9—The rotary drilling process (Bourgoyne et al. 1991).

Partes de la COMPONENTES
Torre de Perforación
DEL TALADRO
1. Corona 19. Piscina de lodo
2. Pluma 20. Poor boy
3. Cable de Perforación 21. Zarandas
4. Trabajadero 22. Choke manifold
5. Bloque Viajero 23. Planchada
6. Top Drive 24. Racks de tubería
7.Mastil 25. Acumulador
8. Tubería de Perforación
9. Casa del Perro
10. Preventoras
11. Compresores
12. Líneas eléctricas
13. Generadores
14. Tanque de diesel
15. SCR - VFD
16. Bombas de lodo
17. Silo de barita
18. Tanques de lodo
Partes de la Torre de Perforación DRILLING METHODS 21

Crown Block
Runaround

Gin Pole
Monkey Board

Jack Knife
Derrick
Traveling Block
Gooseneck Hook
Swivel Bail
Rotary Hose
Stand Pipe Swivel

Kelly Drilling Line

A-Frame
Cat Head
Draw Works
Rotary Table
Dog House
Rotary Drive Draw Works Drive
Derrick Floor
Hydromatic Diesel Engine
Brake Pump Drive
Compound Substructure
Mud Pump
Shale Shaker

Mud Tanks

Figure 2.3
Tomado de Fundamentals A conventional
of Sustainable Drillingrotary drilling ME
Engineering, rig with different
Hossain, components.
AA Al-Mejed
 Mud Pump
Shale Shaker
Mud Tanks
Mud Tanks

Partes
Figure 2.3 de la Torre
A conventional rotary de
drillingPerforación
rig with different components.
Figure 2.3 A conventional rotary drilling rig with different components.

Crown Block
Crown Block
Crown Block
Crown Block
Derrick
Drilling Line Safety Platform Block & Tackle
Derrick
Monkey Board
Drilling Safety Platform Block & Tackle
Stand PipeLine Monkey Board
Stand Pipe Traveling Block
Mud Hose Hook
Traveling Block Rotary Hose
Mud Hose Swivel
Hook
Swivel Rotary
StandHose
Pipe
Swivel
Kelly
Engine Swivel Stand Pipe
House
Engine Weight
Kelly Recorder
Rotary
WeightTable
Recorder Bell Nipple
Mud House Derrick Floor Blowout
Rotary Table Bell Nipple
Pump
Mud Blow-Out Prevent Preventer
Derrick Floor Blowout
Pump Cellar Prevent
Blow-Out Preventer
Emergency
Conductor
Cellar Flow Line
Emergency
Suction Draw
Ditch

Cement
Conductor Flow Line
Pit
Suction Works
Draw
Ditch

Bore HoleCement
Works Mud Pump
Mud

Pit
Suction Drill Pipe
Mud Bore Hole Mud Pump Earth Pit
Mud

Pipe
Suction Returns Downward Mudstream Drill Pipe Conductor
Mud Casing Earth Pit
Pipe Returns Drilling
Downward PipeMudstream Conductor
Vibrating Casing
Annulus
Screen Drilling Pipe
Vibrating Rising Drill Collars Annulus
Screen Mudstream
Rising Drill Collars
Mudstream Bit
Bit Bit
Bit
(a) (b)
(a)
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed
(b)
Partes de la COMPONENTES
Torre de Perforación-Español
DEL TALADRO
1. Corona 19. Piscina de lodo
2. Pluma 20. Poor boy
3. Cable de Perforación 21. Zarandas
4. Trabajadero 22. Choke manifold
5. Bloque Viajero 23. Planchada
6. Top Drive 24. Racks de tubería
7.Mastil 25. Acumulador
8. Tubería de Perforación
9. Casa del Perro
10. Preventoras
11. Compresores
12. Líneas eléctricas
13. Generadores
14. Tanque de diesel
15. SCR - VFD
16. Bombas de lodo
17. Silo de barita
18. Tanques de lodo
Partes de la COMPONENTES
Torre de Perforación
DEL TALADRO
1. Corona 19. Piscina de lodo
2. Pluma 20. Poor boy
3. Cable de Perforación 21. Zarandas
4. Trabajadero 22. Choke manifold
5. Bloque Viajero 23. Planchada
6. Top Drive 24. Racks de tubería
7.Mastil 25. Acumulador
8. Tubería de Perforación
9. Casa del Perro
10. Preventoras
11. Compresores
12. Líneas eléctricas
13. Generadores
14. Tanque de diesel
15. SCR - VFD
16. Bombas de lodo
17. Silo de barita
18. Tanques de lodo
Partes de la COMPONENTES
Torre de Perforación-Inglés
DEL TALADRO
1. Corona 19. Piscina de lodo
2. Pluma 20. Poor boy
3. Cable de Perforación 21. Zarandas
4. Trabajadero 22. Choke manifold
5. Bloque Viajero 23. Planchada
6. Top Drive 24. Racks de tubería
7.Mastil 25. Acumulador
8. Tubería de Perforación
9. Casa del Perro
10. Preventoras
11. Compresores
12. Líneas eléctricas
13. Generadores
14. Tanque de diesel
15. SCR - VFD
16. Bombas de lodo
17. Silo de barita
18. Tanques de lodo
Partes de la COMPONENTES
Torre de Perforación-Inglés
DEL TALADRO
Crown Block
1. Corona Mud Pitde lodo
19. Piscina
Gin Pole
2. Pluma Poorboy
20. Poor boy
Drilling
3. Cable deCable
Perforación 21. Zarandas
Shale Shakers
Monkey board
4. Trabajadero 22. Choke
Chokemanifold
Manifold
Traveling
5. Bloque Block
Viajero Pipe Ramp
23. Planchada
TopDrive
6. Top Drive Pipe Racks
24. Racks de tubería
Mast
7.Mastil Accumulator
25. Acumulador
8. Tubería
Drilling de Perforación
Pipe
9. Casa
Dogdel Perro
House
10. Preventoras
Blowout Preventer
Compressors
11. Compresores
Electriceléctricas
12. Líneas Lines
Electric Generator
13. Generadores
Diesel Tank
14. Tanque de diesel
SCR-VFD
15. SCR - VFD
Mud Pump
16. Bombas de lodo
Barite
17. Silo deTank
barita
Mud Tankde lodo
18. Tanques
 Tipos de Torres de Perforación
Torres de Perforación

Terrestres (onshore) Marinas(Offshore)

Convencionales Apoyadas en Fondo

Autotransportables Jackups

Plataformas
Torre Transportable
Independientes
Desplegable
Atendidas
Walking Rigs Flotantes
Diseñadas por propósito
TLP (Tension Leg)

Semi sumergibles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci_HIPe-4R0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZxUiFFVEAQ
Barcos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kltAhRZkSXs Barcazas
Torres Terrestres
Convencionales
• Son las mas comunes

• Componentes montados y
movilizados en patines

• Se acoplan facilmente

• Se ensambla por partes con

pasadores en el terreno de la
perforación

• Se levanta como una unidad

integral usando el malacate

• Para todos los rangos de

profundidad
Torres Terrestres Convencionales

Profundidad Profundidad
Capacidad
Pies Metros

Ligera 3000 - 5000 1000 - 1500

Media 4000 - 10000 1200 - 3000

Pesada 12000 - 16000 3500 - 5000

Ultra - Pesada 18000 - 25000 5500 - 7500

Torres Terrestres
Autotransportables
• Torre transportable

• Montados sobre unidades

móviles

• Perforación de pozos
verticales o direccionales
con la torre en posición fija

• Tienen menor capacidad que

los convencionales

• Disminuye el tiempo de
movilización
Torres Terrestres
Auto-Transportables
• Desplegable

• La torre se quiebra para

facilitar su transporte

• Permiten mayor altura de

trabajo

• Presentan limitaciones de
capacidad en comparación
con las torres
convencionales
Torres Terrestres
Walking Rigs
• La torre completa se desliza
sobre patines o se desplaza
con sistemas hidráulicos

• Son distancias pequeñas pero

suficientes para pasar de un
pozo al siguiente

• Requiere refuerzos en la torre

para soportar los esfuerzos
adicionales

• Reduce los tiempos de

movilización

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj2iesgkEEs
Torres Terrestres
Diseñadas por Propósito

• Se diseñan de acuerdo al sitio

de perforación

• Desierto

• Tundra

• No se tienen vías en el desierto

y se colocan sobre ruedas de
hasta 12 ft de altura

• Se llevan al sitio por tractores

• En el ártico se fabrican con

protectores y sistemas de
calefacción
Sistemas del Proceso de
Perforación por Rotación

• Sistema de Potencia

• Sistema de Levantamiento de
Cargas (Izaje)

• Sistema de Circulación

• Sistema de Rotación

• Sistema de Control de
Reventones

• Sistema de Monitoreo
Sistema de Potencia
• Se genera electricidad con
motores de combustión interna

• La mayoría utiliza diesel como

combustible

• Dependiendo de la operación
se pueden tener hasta mas de
ocho motores

Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed

Sistema de Potencia
• La energía eléctrica se lleva a las
bombas de lodo, la mesa rotatoria,
malacate y demás elementos que la
requieren

• Componentes

• Generación

• Transmisión

• Mecánica: Poleas, no se usa

• Corriente Directa Generador y

Motor

• Generador de Corriente Alterna,

Silicon-Controlled Rectifier,
Motor Corriente Directa
Componentes del
Sistema de Potencia
• Tanques de combustible

• Almacenan el combustible
para el sistema de
generación eléctrica

• Gasolina

• Diesel

• Gas

• Otros
Componentes del
Sistema de Potencia
• Páneles de control (Electric
house, SCR-VFD, Silicon
Control Rectifier/Variable
Frequency Drive)

• Controlan la energía eléctrica

producida en los generadores
y la distribuyen a los
diferentes equipos del taladro

• Bandeja de cableado (Electric

cable tray):

• Soporta el peso de los cables

que llevan la potencia desde
el panel de control hasta los
motores del taladro
Sistema de Potencia
• La potencia requerida depende
de la profundidad y de la
máxima carga

• Tener en cuenta factor de

seguridad para trabajar las
pegas

Profundidad (m) Potencia (hp)

1300 - 2200 550
2100 - 3000 750
2400 - 3800 1000
3600 - 5400 2100
3900 - 7600 2500
4800 - 9100 3000
Sistema de Potencia
• La mayoría de la potencia la
consumen los sistemas de
levantamiento o izaje y de circulación

• Los otros sistemas no requieren tanta

potencia

• Los sistemas de levantamiento de

cargas y de circulación pocas veces
trabajan en simultáneo

• En el pasado se utilizaron motores a

vapor y transmisión con correas
(transmisión mecánica)

• Los sistemas de transmisión eléctrica

actuales permiten el control suave del
peso sobre la broca, minimizando
vibraciones y golpeteos sobre la broca

Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed

Sistema de Potencia
DRILLING METHODS

• Los requerimientos de Table 2.1 Heating values of various fuels.

potencia se definen:
Fuel Type Density Heating value
lbmgal (btu/lbm)
Natural gas 1.07 1,030 btu/ft3
• Caballos de potencia

Propane 4.22 2,500 btu/ft3

Methane 3.54 24,000 (or 1,000 btu/ft3)
• Torque

Landfill gas – 500 btu/ft3

• Consumo de Butane 4.7 21,000 (or 3,200 btu/ft3)

combustible para varias Methanol 6.63 57,000 btu/gal

velocidades de trabajo Ethanol 6.61 76,000 btu/gal

Kerosene 6.68 135,000 btu/gal
Diesel 7.2 19,000 (or 138,500 btu/gal)
Gasoline 6.6 20,000 (or 125,000 btu/gal)

Frictionless
Pulley

Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed

Fly wheel
 ower developed by an engine can be obtained by the following
n: lbfuel
and Aconsumption
typical Iarrangement
CFly for
Engine
wheel various ofengine
an engine
speeds. with
Th e flywheel and pulley system is shown in
heating
f r Ethanol 6.61 by the following
76,000 btu/gal
Figure
internal 2.9.
combustion Th e shaft power developed
engines are shown in Table 2.1. by an
Engine engine
Stand can be obtained
of
elopedthe shaft , rad/min Php Tand pulley system isKerosene
anby
t of equation: Pan
engines
IC with
engine,
T
I C Engine fl ywheel
s shown(2.1)
in (2.1) 6.68 135,000 btu/ga
t lb f
of Sistema de Potencia
wer developed
the shaft ,
by Engine
rad/min
an engine
ritten in terms of revolution per minute,
Stand
r
can be obtained by the following
Ps T weight on pulley and7.2
Diesel
W
19,000 (or 138,
(2.1)
ight power
Shaft
veloped with by an velocity
developed
IC engine,
Engine vector.
by hp
Stand an IC In terms
engine, hp of revolution per minute, Eq.
Gasoline Weight 6.6 20,000 (or 125,
ritten
Output in
ft lb f torque,terms of revolution
ft lb f per minute, weight
W on pulley and
where;P s T (2.1)
eight
Angular with velocity
y of the velocity
shaft, rad/min vector. In terms
of the shaft, rad/min W
of revolution per minute, Eq.
Ps = Shaft Potenciapower en developed
el eje Weight engine, hp Interna, hp
by andeICcombustión
del motor
2
Figure
n (2.1)
written N 2.9
in=terms
Tcan Output
be Wr
written
Torque torque,
Aoftypical
de
FW in terms
salida,
Weight
revolution 2 r
ftper
IC engine NW
lb fpowerweight
oflbf-ft
revolution
FWminute, output.
per minute, andon pulley(2.2)
weight
on pulley and
Frictionless
Pulley
oped by
2 with
e travel by an
N the IC engine,
WrFW vector.
weight with hp rIn
2 velocityNW (2.2)
weight =velocity
Angular
Velocidad velocity FWterms
angular ofvector.
the
ofeje,
del Inrad/min
terms
shaft
revolution of revolution
, rad/min
per minute, per minute, Eq.
Eq.
lb
ngine
bef written
power output. as:
ctor
ine power
f the
ector and
We
shaft
and if,ifwe we
know
rad/min
output. consider
consider frictionless
thatfrictionless
power ispulley pulleyEq.
the product
system, system,
of(2.1)
force
canEq.
and(2.1) can So, power of shaft can aga
velocity.
T be
Equation
2P T (2.1)2 can
N be Wrwritten 2inr terms
NW of revolution per minute, weight on Flypulley
wheel and
written
Ns Wr as: 2 r NW
FW FW FW (2.2) (2.2)
er
ritten distance
isisthe
the
inproduct
terms travel
product
of
FW
ofbyforce
thevelocity.
ofrevolution
force and weight
per with
andminute,
velocity.
So, velocity
power So,
weight vector.
power
of shaft
on Inshaft
ofand
can again
pulley terms of revolution
can again per minute, Eq.
ght
ms with
of vvvelocity
(2.1) 2 2rvector
can
velocity be N and
FWrvector.
FW N In
written as:
terms of revolution
iffrictionless
we consider Wperpulley
frictionless dEq.
minute,(2.3)
Eq. Eq. (2.1)(2.3)
system, can
vector and if we consider
en as: Wd
P
pulley
s
system, W
(2.1). v
can I C Engine
r (2.
Ps W dW . vP t
Pvs t2 r N vW s 2 . v rTFW N 2 N WrFW 2(2.4) rFW NW (2.4) (2.2)
N
2where; WrtFWFW 2 rFW NW (2.3)
(2.2) (2.3) Engine Stand

l by theIn dweight
terms ofpulley,
velocity
= distance
Distancia
on vector
fttravel
que byand
recorre elifpeso
the we consider
weight W, on frictionless
ft pulley, ft pulley system, Eq. (2.1) can
ctor be andwritten
if we consider
as: frictionless pulley system, Eq. (2.1) can W
minute,
el by the N weight
rpm = revolution
on pulley,
Revoluciones per ft minute,
por minuto, rpmrpm
to travel
26 t the distance,
FUNDAMENTALS
= time d, min
required OF SUSTAINABLE
torecorrer
travel the DRILLING
distance, d, min ENGINEERING Weight
rley,minute, rpmTiempo que toma v 2 larFW N
distancia d, min
lbvf 2 rFW N (2.3)
d to travel W the = Weight
distance,
Peso ond,pulley,
sobre viela, lb
la min lbff (2.3)
ulley, lbvf = Vector
velocity vector, ftft/min
de velocidad, /min
Figure 2.9 A typical IC engine power output.
rFW = Radius
Radio delof fly wheel,
volante, ft ft
We know that power is the product of force and velocity. So, po
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed
 Solution:
DAMENTALS GivenOF v data:
SUSTAINABLE
= velocity DRILLING
vector, ENGINEERING
ft /min
26 FUNDAMENTALS OF SUSTAINABLE DRILLING ENGINEERING
T r=FWOutput = Radiustorque of fl=y1,600wheel, ft ft lb f
elocity vector, ft/min
N = vrevolution = 1,150 rpm
= velocityper minute
RadiusSistema ft de Potencia
vector, ft/min
ofwfly wheel,
= the rate of fuel = 30 gal/hr
f IfrFW we=use theofEq.
Radius flyconsumption
(2.3) into
wheel, ft by(2.4),
Eq. the engine
the resultant equation turns to Eq. (2.2). Th
se the Eq. overall
(2.3) engine
into Eq. power
(2.4), the efficiency
resultant is determined
equation turns to as (2.2).
Eq. the power
Th e output
DRILLING by power27inp
METHODS
Required If wedata:use the Eq. (2.3) into Eq. (2.4), the resultant equation turns to Eq. (2.2). The
gine power Mathematically,
effi ciency
= Angular is it can
determined be written
as the as:
power output by power input.
rad/min
La eficiencia
overall delvelocity
engine motorofesthe
power effi la shaft
ciency potencia
is i.e. wheel
de
determined angular
salida
as the velocity,
sobre
power la potencia
output by powerdeinput.
entrada
tically, itPcanMathematically,
=beShaft
written as: itdeveloped
can be written as:
s power by
Power anoutput
IC engine i.e. Ps power Ps output, hp lb / min
1hr
ps = Overall w f output
Power 30 gal effi
engine /psPhrciency
Power P7.2 lbm power
of the
output / gal
P system
P i.e. IC engine,3.6% m (2
s 60 minute
ps ps
s
Power input Qi w f H f(2.5)
s s
(2.5)
Power input Qi Power w f Hinput Qi w f H f
where;
Theerefore, where;the
angular total can
velocity heatbeenergy calculated
f
consumed
by usingbythe thegiven
IC engine
equation:i.e. input power can be
calculated =by
=Overall
using
Eficiencia
Overall engine
input
engine totalpower
effieffi
del ciency
part
sistema
ciency of of
theofdethe
Eq.
power power
(2.5)
potencia as:
system system
Overall engine effi ps ps ciency of the power system

ower input toQthe Q ==power

power
Potencia
i i IC engine,
input
input
hpde 2toto Nthe
the
entradaIC ICdelengine,
= 2engine, hp de
1,150
motor hp 7,225.68 rad/min
= combustión interna, hp
w w f ==the
he rate of fuel consumption
f
the rate
rate de
Tasa of
by 3.6
offuel
fuel
the
consumo lbconsumption
m / min
consumption
engine, / by the
delbcombustible,
min 19,000
by the
engine, Btu
lbm/min lbmlbm / min
lbm //min
engine, 779 ft lb f / Btu
eating value QHof Hfuel
f=w H
=heating
heating
used in
value
value
the
of of
engine,
fuelfuel m
usedused
Btu / lb
in theinengine,
the Btu / lbmBtu / lb
engine,
The power i f outputf Valor
f candebe calculated
calentamiento using
usadoEq.
33,000 ft lb f / min
m en(2.1) as: Btu/lbmm
el motor,
Example 2.1: An internal combustion engine is run by diesel fuel in a rig side to gener-
2.1: An internal
Examplecombustion
ate power 2.1:
for the engine
Ansystem.
internalisgives
It run by diesel
combustion
an output fuel in aofrig
engine
torque isside
runfttobygener-
1,600 lb hpan engine
diesel
at fuel inspeed
a rigofside to gen
for the system. It rpm.
gives anthe
output 7,225.68
torque of rad
1,600 / min
ftaoutput
lb f of 1,600
at 30
an engineft lb
speed
f
f of
ate power
1,150
Factores P for
Th
de e system.
engine
T
Conversión It
consumesgives =
fuelan1,614.65
at rate hp
torque
gal/hr.of 1,600
Calculate ftthe350.34
lb f atangular
wheel an
hp engine speed
m. The engine consumes
velocity, s
power fuel at a rate
eoutput, overall gal/hr.
of 30effi ciencyCalculate
of at
the the wheel angularCalculate the wheel angu
1,150 rpm. Th engine 33,000
consumes ft
fuel lbaICrate
f
engine.
/ min of 30 gal/hr.
ower output, overall efficiency of the IC engine.
velocity,
(Note: 1 Btu power
Solution:779 ftoutput,
lb f ) overall efficiency of the IChpengine.
Given data:
Solution:
1hp
data:(Note:
Thus, the =33,000
Output
T overall effifttorque
lb f =/of
ciency min)theftIClbengine
1,600 f is obtained by using the Eq. (2.5) as:
Output torqueGiven = data:
N 1,600
= ft lb f per minute = 1,150 rpm
revolution
w = the
Tomado de Fundamentals
evolution per
Since the minute
f = ofrate
T engine is runPower
= Output of fuel
torque
Sustainable
1,150 rpm consumption
Drilling
by diesel=Engineering, MEby
output
1,600 ft P
the
lb engine
Hossain,
fuel, therefore = 30 gal/hr
350.34
AA Al-Mejed
from Table 2.1, the density is 7.2
Sistema de Potencia
2.1 Un motor de combustión interna que trabaja con diesel en una torre de
perforación tiene un torque de salida de 1600 lbf-ft a la velocidad de 1150
rpm. El motor consume combustible a una tasa de 30 gal/hr. Calcular la
velocidad angular, la potencia de salida y la eficiencia del motor.

Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed

 r for Solution:ps =ItOverall
the system. gives anengine efficiency
output torque of the
of 1,600 ft power system
lb f at an engine speed of
m. Given
The engine
olution: = power fuel
data:
Qi consumes inputat to theofIC30engine,
a rate hp
gal/hr. Calculate the wheel angular
power w=f Output
Tdata:
Givenoutput, = the rate
overall torque
effi of fuelofconsumption
= 1,600
ciency the IC lb f by the engine, lbm / min
ft engine.
T =N H
Output = heating
= frevolution
torque value
per
= 1,600 ftof lb
minute fuel used in
= 1,150 rpmthe engine, Btu / lbm
n:
N
Sistema de Potencia
= w = the rate
revolution per of fuel consumption
minute = 1,150
f
rpm by the engine = 30 gal/hr
n data: f
w f = the
Output
Example 2.1:consumption
rate =of1,600
torque fuel An
ft lb
internal combustion
by the engineengine is run by diesel fuel in a rig side to gener
= 30 gal/hr
Required
ate power data:
for the f
system. Itinterna
gives anque output torque 1,600 ft
ofdiesel lb f attorre
an engine speed o
Un
revolution motor
per
Required data:
de
minute combustión
= 1,150 rpm trabaja con en una de
1,150= Angular
rpm. Th velocity
e engine ofconsumes
the shaft i.e. fuelwheel
at a angular
rate of 30velocity,
gal/hr. rad/min the wheel angula
Calculate
=perforación
the ratePof fuel
Angular tiene
consumption
velocity
= Shaft of un by
the
poweroutput, torque
the
shaft
developed de
engine
i.e. salida
wheel
by effi= 30
an IC de
gal/hr
angular
engine 1600 lbf-ft
velocity,
i.e. power a la
rad/min velocidad
output, hp de 1150
Ps =rpm.velocity,
s
Elpower power
motor consume overall
combustible ciency of
apower
una the IC
tasa engine.
dehp 30engine,
gal/hr.%Calcular la
Shaft
red data: ps = Overall developed
engine by
effi an
ciencyIC engine
of the i.e.
power output,
system i.e. IC
=velocidad
Overall
Solution: angular,
engine effi la potencia
ciency of the de salida
power system yi.e.
la IC
eficiencia
engine, % del motor.
Angular velocity of the shaft i.e. wheel angular velocity, rad/min
ps

ShaftThpower Given
e angular data:by an
developed
velocity canICbeengine i.e. power
calculated thehp
output,
by using given equation:
ThOverall
e angular velocity
T
engine effi can beofde
= Output
ciency
Torque calculated
torque
the bysystem
= 1,600
power
salida, lbf-ftusing the
ft i.e. given equation:
lb IC
f engine, %
N = revolution
Revoluciones per
2 por minute
N = 2 = 1,150
minuto 1,150rpm = 7,225.68 rad/min
ular velocitywcanf = bethe 2deN
rate
calculated
Tasa of =fuel
by2 using
consumo 1,150
consumption
dethe = 7,225.68
given
combustible, by the
equation: rad/min
engine = 30 gal/hr
gal/hr
The power outputdata:
Required can be calculated using Eq. (2.1) as:
The power output2 can N be = 2calculated
1,150using Eq. (2.1)rad/min
= 7,225.68 as:
= Angular velocity of the shaft i.e. wheel angular velocity, rad/min
P = Shaft power 7,225.68
developed radby / min
an IC 1,600
engine i.e.ft lb
power f output, hp
er output cans be calculated
P 7,225.68
T using rad
Eq. / min
(2.1) as: 1,600 ft lb f 350.34 hp
Psps = Overall
Ts
engine efficiency 33,000 offtthelbpower
/ min 350.34 hp
system i.e. IC engine, %
33,000 ft lb f / min f
7,225.68 rad / min 1,600 ft lb f hp
Ps ThT e angular velocity can be calculated by using350.34 hp hp equation:
the given
(Note: 1 hp 33,000 33,000
ft lb ft / min)
lb f / min
Note: 1hp 33,000 ft lb f / min)f
hp
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling N = 2ME Hossain,
2Engineering, 1,150 = 7,225.68 rad/min
AA Al-Mejed
Since the engine is run by diesel fuel, therefore from Table 2.1, the density is 7.2
 Landfill gas – 500 btu/ft3
Butane 4.7 21,000 (or 3,200 btu/ft3)
SistemaMethanol
de Potencia6.63 57,000 btu/gal
Ethanol 6.61 76,000 btu/gal DRILLING METHODS 27
Kerosene 6.68 135,000 btu/gal
DRILLING METHODS 27
1hr btu/gal)
Diesel
wf 30 gal / hr 7.2
7.2 lbm / gal 19,000 (or 138,500
3.6 lbm / min
Gasoline 6.6 1hrminute
20,000 60
(or DRILLING
125,000 btu/gal) METHODS 27
wf 30 gal / hr 7.2 lbm / gal 3.6 lbm / min
Therefore, the total heat energy consumed by 60 theminute
IC engine i.e. input power can be
1hr lbm /power
min can be
calculated by
Therefore, wtheusing input
30 gal
f total
power
heat/ hr part
energy7.2 of Eq. (2.5) as:
lbm / gal by the IC engine i.e.3.6input
Frictionless
consumed
Pulley 60 minute
calculated by using input power part of Eq. (2.5) as:
lbm / min
3.6energy
Therefore, the total heat by the Btu
consumed19,000 / lbm i.e. 779
IC engine inputftpower
lb f can
/ Btu
be
Qi w
calculated H f input
byf using lbm / min
3.6 power (2.5) Btu
19,000
part of Eq. as: / lbm 779 ft lb f / Btu
Qi wf Hf Fly wheel 33,000 ft lb f / min
3.6 lbm / min 19,000ftBtulb/flb/mmin 779 hp
33,000 ft lb f / Btu
Qi wf Hf I C Engine
r hp hp
=33,000
1,614.65
ft lb f / min
= 1,614.65 hp
hp
(Note: 1 Btu 779 ft lb f ) Engine Stand
= 1,614.65 hp
(Note: 1 Btu 779 ft lb f )
W
Th us,
us,the
(Note:
Th overall
1 Btu
the overall effi ciency
lb f ) ofofthe
ft ciency
779effi theICICengine
engine is obtained
is obtained by using
by using the (2.5)
the Eq. Eq. (2.5)
as: as:
Weight
Power
Power
Thus, the overall efficiency output
ofoutput
the Ps Pis obtained
IC engine 350.34by using the Eq. (2.5) as:
350.34 s Al-Mejed
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA
 Qi wf Hf
33,000 ft lb f / min
hp
= 1,614.65 hp
Sistema de Potencia
(Note: 1 Btu 779 ft lb f )

Thus, the overall efficiency of the IC engine is obtained by using the Eq. (2.5) as:
Power output Ps 350.34
ps 0.2168 or 21.68%
Power input Qi 1,614.65

Example 2.2: A diesel engine was running at a speed of 1250 rpm at the drilling opera-
tions side. The driller noticed that the engine shaft output is 360 hp. He was trying to
pull a drillstring of 600,000 lb f . The engine was running for one hour. Calculate the
wheel angular velocity, torque developed by the engine, the drillstring velocity, distance
travelled by the drillstring.
Solution:
Given data:
N = revolution per minute = 1,250 rpm
W = Weight on pulley = 600,000 lb f
Ps = Shaft power developed by an IC engine i.e. power output = 360 hp
t = time required to travel the distance, d = 1 week
Required data:
= Angular velocity of the shaft i.e. wheel angular velocity, rad/min
T = Output torque, ft lb f
v = the drillstring velocity i.e. velocity vector, ft/min
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed
d = distance travel by the weight on pulley, ft
Sistema de Potencia

El motor de una torre de perforación está trabajando a una

velocidad de 1250 rpm.

El perforador sabe que la potencia de salida en el eje del

motor es de 360 hp y que el peso de la sarta de perforación
es de 600.000 lbf.

El motor ha estado trabajando por una hora.

Calcular la velocidad angular del volante, el torque

desarrollado, la velocidad en la sarta de perforación y la
distancia desplazada por la misma.
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed
 N = revolution per minute = 1,250 rpm
on per minute = 1,250
Example rpm
2.2: A diesel engine was running at a Solution:
speed of 1250 rpm at the drilling opera-
W = Weight on pulley = 600,000 lb f
tions
= Shaftside.
on pulley P=s 600,000 lb f Thdeveloped
power e driller noticed
by an ICthat the engine
engine i.e. power shaftGiven
output
output data:360 hp. He was trying to
is hp
= 360
t pull
ower developed bya an
= time drillstring
required to of
IC engine 600,000
travel
i.e. the lb output
.
distance,
power Th d
e engine
=
= 1 week
360 was
hp N = revolution
running for one per minute
hour. = 1,250
Calculate the rpm
Sistema de Potencia
wheel
quired to travel the angular
distance,
Required data: velocity,
d = 1 torque
week
f
developed by the W =the
engine, Weight on pulley
drillstring = 600,000
velocity, lb f
distance
travelled
= Angularby the drillstring.
velocity of the shaft i.e. wheel angular velocity, Ps = Shaft power developed by an IC engin
rad/min
ta: t = time required to travel the distance, d
T Solution:
= Output torque, ft lb f
shaft i.e. wheel angular velocity, rad/min
r velocity of theDados: Calcular:
v = the drillstring
Given data: velocity i.e. velocity vector, ft /min Required data:
torque, ftd lb
= fdistance 28 byFUNDAMENTALS
travel the weight on OF SUSTAINABLE
pulley, ft DRILLING ENGINEERING
lstring velocity Ni.e.=velocity
revolution
1250 rpm /min = 1,250 rpm
per ftminute
vector, = Angular
rad/min velocity of the shaft i.e. whee
W = Weight
600,000 on pulley = 600,000 lb f T = Output
lbf-ft torque, ft lb f
e travel Th
byethe weight
angular velocity canlbf
on (Note:
pulley, ftcalculated
bewe by using the
hpIC33,000 given equation:
Ps 360 hp
know that
= Shaft power developed by1an enginefti.e. vlb / min)
power
f= output
the hp
= 360 velocity
drillstring
ft/min i.e. velocity vec
t = time required to given
travel the= 2distance, d== 7,854
1 week
d using
= distance travel
ocity can be
AMENTALS OFcalculated 1 hr
SUSTAINABLE byTh using
DRILLING the
e drillstring N
2velocity can1,250
equation:
ENGINEERING be calculated rad/min
ft the Eq. (2.4)by
as:the weight on pulle
Required data:
know thatThe1torque output
Nftis=obtained
=2Angular
hp 33,000 2lbvelocity
/ using
1,250
min) of = Eq.
the
P 7,854
shaft 360
(2.1) as:hp
rad/min
i.e. wheel The angular
33,000
angular ft lbvelocity
velocity, min can
f /rad/min/ hpbe calculated by usin
28 FUNDAMENTALS OF f
SUSTAINABLE
T = Output torque, ft lb f v s
DRILLING ENGINEERING = 19.8 ft/min
P 360 hpusing 33,000W ft lb f / min / hp600,000 lb f 2 N =2
ring
put isvelocity
obtainedcanv be
=
using calculated
the drillstring
s Eq. (2.1) as: the
velocity Eq. i.e.(2.4) as: vector, ft/min
velocity
(Note: we T
UNDAMENTALS OF SUSTAINABLE
know that 1 hp DRILLING
33,000 ft ENGINEERING
lb / min) 1,512.61 ft lb f
As the engine
d = distance travel 7,854 was
by the rad running
weight
f / min for one
on pulley, fthour, so the total distance traveled by the drill st
360 hp
Ps hp 36033,000 33,000
ftwithinlb ftminhour
one
/ lb/f hp
/ ismin / hp by usingThEq.
obtained e torque output is obtained using Eq. (2.1)
(2.4) as:
vwe know Th1ehp
The drillstring
that velocity
33,000
angular canft f belbcan
velocity f / min)
calculated using the
be calculated by
1,512.61
Eq.
= (2.4)
19.8
usingft as:
ft
lb
the /min
given equation:
W 7,854 rad600,000
min
/360 lb f Wd d f
360 hp 33,000 ft lb
hp 33,000 ft
illstring velocity canPsbe calculated using the Eq. lb
(2.4) / min
f = as:
W .
/ v
hp; vP
ine was running 2 N t 2 1,250 =T
t7,854 s
v for one hour, so the total distance traveled by the drill stringrad/min
= 19.8 ft/min 7,854 rad / mi
e hour is obtained W
by using Eq. (2.4) as:600,000
hp So, 33,000 ft lb f / min / hp lb
Ps The360torque output is obtained using Eq. (2.1) as:
f

v
As the engineW was
d running fordone hour, so the total distance = 19.8 ft/min
traveled by the drill string
Wone hour is W
within . v ; 600,000
obtained by using v lbEq.
f d as:
(2.4) v t 19.8 ft / min 1 hr 60 min 1188 ft
t Ps 360 t hp 33,000 ft lb f / min / hp
engine was runningTfor one W hour,d so the total ddistance traveled by the drill string ft lb f
1,512.61
; 7,854 rad
W . v as: v / min
Tomado de Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering, ME Hossain, AA Al-Mejed
one hour is obtained by using Eq. (2.4)