Peta Investigation Into Jallikattu Events 14-28 January 2018: White Paper Required - Abhishek Kadyan

INVESTIGATION INTO
Jallikattu Events
14–28 JANUARY 2018

Table of Contents
I. Details of the Investigations ……………………………………… 3
II. Executive Summary ………………………………………………. 4
III. Observations and Findings ...……………………………………... 5
A. Avaniapuram Jallikattu ……………………………………... 8
B. Palamedu Jallikattu ………………………………………… 26
C. Alanganallur Jallikattu ……………………………………… 37
D. Panjampatti T Jallikattu ...…………………………………... 46
E. Periya Suriyur Jallikattu ...………………………………….. 57
F. Pothametuppatty Jallikattu ...……………………………….. 62
G. Kalingapatti Jallikattu ………………………………………. 71
H. Ulagampatti Jallikattu ………………………………………. 76
I. Chettipalayam Jallikattu ...………………………………….. 80
IV. Apparent Legal Violations ...……………………………………... 84
V. Review of Human and Animal Casualties ………………………... 94

VI. Other News About Jallikattu ...…………………………………… 125
VII. Conclusion and Recommendation ...……………………………… 129

2 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2018

I. Details of the Investigations

Dates: 14–28 January 2018
Jallikattu Events Covered

 Avaniapuram, Madurai District, 14 January
 Palamedu, Madurai District, 15 January
 Alanganallur, Madurai District, 16 January
 Panjampatti T, Dindigul District, 16 January
 Periya Suriyur, Tiruchirappalli District, 16 January
 Pothametuppatty, Tiruchirappalli District, 18 January
 Kalingapatti, Tiruchirappalli District, 20 January
 Ulagampatti, Dindigul District, 22 January
 Chettipalayam, Coimbatore District, 28 January
Objectives of the Investigation

 To record the treatment of bulls
 To check for any violation of animal-protection laws
 To record any reported human and animal casualties


II. Executive Summary

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017, went into effect on 31
January 2017. This Tamil Nadu state law amends the central Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
(PCA) Act, 1960, and claims to “preserve the cultural heritage of the State of Tamil Nadu and to
ensure the survival and wellbeing of the native breeds of bulls”. The state government also
devised corresponding rules, namely the Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct
of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017, regarding the conduct of jallikattu events.
On 5 January 2018, the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) issued guidelines for the conduct
of jallikattu events via letter No 17-1/2017-18/PCA/CC/JK and shared it with the Government of
Tamil Nadu’s Chief Secretary, Director General of Police, and Commissioner of Animal
Husbandry and Veterinary Services, advising them to issue a circular to all concerned authorities
where jallikattu events are being held, ordering these authorities to comply with the AWBI’s
guidelines.
The comprehensive investigations conducted by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
(PETA) India at nine jallikattu events organised in different parts of Tamil Nadu from 14 to 28
January 2018 identified and recorded numerous instances of cruelty to bulls in the form of both
mental and physical torture. Inspections conducted by the AWBI in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014
and by PETA India in 2017 demonstrated that such events are inherently cruel, cause bulls
unnecessary suffering, and are apparently in direct violation of the provisions of Sections 3 and 11
of the PCA Act, 1960, and this finding was upheld by the Honourable Supreme Court of India in
its landmark judgment of May 2014. PETA India’s January 2018 investigations once again prove
this point.
The latest PETA India investigation reconfirms that jallikattu takes advantage of bulls’ natural
nervousness as prey animals by deliberately placing them in a terrifying situation in which they’re
forced to run away from those they rightly perceive as a threat. The evidence – in the form of
photographs and video footage – demonstrates that bulls sustain broken tails and are stabbed and
jabbed with weapons, hit and jumped on, tackled, and treated in other cruel ways. Such abuse at
jallikattu events leads to severe injuries, including broken bones, and even the death of humans as
well as bulls.
According to media reports, five bulls died during jallikattu events in January and February
2018 alone, 757 humans were injured, and 10 humans died – including a teenager. Casualty
figures from jallikattu events between January and June 2017, as reported by the media, indicate
that five bulls and 15 humans died and nearly 2,000 humans were injured – including participants,
spectators, and a police officer. This means the total number of fatalities resulting from jallikattu
events in just over one year – from January 2017 to early February 2018 – is 10 bulls and 25
humans, in addition to the injury of 2,795 humans.
The findings at all the nine jallikattu events investigated by PETA India also reveal apparent
violations of the PCA Act, 1960; the PCA (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017; the Tamil Nadu
PCA (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017; and the AWBI’s guidelines for the conduct of jallikattu
(letter No 17-1/2017-18/PCA/CC/JK). The major violations include subjecting bulls to various
types of cruelty and not providing them with the basic provisions of shade, feed, and water.
The Tamil Nadu Amendment and Rules as well as the AWBI’s jallikattu guidelines issued on 5
January 2018 were neither adequately followed nor sufficient to prevent the suffering of bulls or
injuries to humans. The evidence gathered during the 2018 investigations proves that no regulation
can or will protect bulls from harm during jallikattu.


III. Observations and Findings
Jallikattu General Observations Interpretations in

Event Reference
Areas to the ‘5 Freedoms’1
of Animal Welfare
Holding Many bulls were found to be dehydrated and/or Compromised bulls’

area exhausted in the absence of provisions of shade, freedom from hunger
drinking water, and food. and thirst
In the queue leading to the vaadi vaasal most of Compromised bulls’

the bulls struggled against being forced into the freedom from
tiny space. In response to their hesitation, discomfort, pain, fear,
participants hit them with their bare hands, and distress
forcefully pushed them, and twisted their tails.
Bulls were roughly handled and restrained using

nose ropes, causing them much visible discomfort
and distress, and in some cases, their nostrils bled.
Many bulls collapsed on the ground from

exhaustion, dehydration, and waiting a long time
in the sun. Many of them refused to get up, which
led the bull owners to beat them, bite their tails, or
force water into their mouths in an effort to make
them get up.
Vaadi To provoke the bulls to adopt a “fight or flight” Compromised bulls’

vaasal response, bull owners, organisers, and spectators freedom from
beat them with bare hands, whipped them with discomfort, pain, fear,
nose ropes, yanked their nose ropes, poked them and distress
with wooden sticks, metal sticks and pointed
metal sickles, hit them in the face with weapons,
and twisted and bit their tails.
Bulls’ nostrils bled, and animals were even forced

to stand on only their hind legs as organisers
violently raised their nose ropes. This was done as
the organisers cut the ropes while sitting at an
elevation off the ground (e.g. on top of a wall) to
ensure that they were not within reach of the
agitated bull.
“Taming” The “taming” arena was severely crowded with Compromised bulls’
arena numerous frenzied participants who were freedom from
pouncing on and hanging onto the backs of scared discomfort, pain, fear,
bulls in their attempts to win prizes, such as and distress

1
As outlined by the ASPCA: freedom from hunger and thirst; discomfort; pain, injury, or disease; and fear and
distress – as well as freedom to express normal behaviour


motorbikes, bicycles, gold and silver coins, mobile

phones, fans, plastic chairs, utensils, mattresses,
and cupboards. It was common for tamers to team
on up against scared, lone bulls in Avaniapuram,
Palamedu, Panjampatti T, Pothametuppatty, and
Kalingapatti. One participant held ontoheld on to
an animal’s head and eventually dangled from his
neck at Avaniapuram. In Avaniapuram and
Pothametuppatty particularly, tamers’ desire to
win prizes led many of them to brazenly jump
together on lone bulls, causing the animals to fall
to the ground.
Inside the arena, some bull tamers hung from the

animals’ necks. In Avaniapuram, one bull owner
was filmed biting the tail of his bull in full view of
spectators, organisers, and media personnel in the
arena.
Tamers held on to bulls’ horns, which is

prohibited by state law. This was observed in
Avaniapuram, Palamedu, Panjampatti T,
Pothametuppatty and Kalingapatti.
According to state law, “participants shall be

permitted only to embrace the bulls by their hump
and run along with the bull for 15 metres or for 30
seconds or sustain three jumps of the bull.”
However, in a majority of the jallikattu events
investigated, tamers exceeded these limits, and
such behaviour was rampant at Avaniapuram and
Pothametuppatty events.
Bull-run The most widespread and shocking cruelty to bulls Compromised bulls’
area was meted out by the riotous, unruly spectators, freedom from
who beat them on their sides and backs with bare discomfort, pain, fear,
hands when the animals were running out of the and distress
bull-run areas. This was most rampant in
Alanganallur.
Bulls had to flee through hundreds of hooting, Compromised bulls’
screaming, whistling men, traumatising the freedom from fear and
animals. distress
Although police officers and riot-control forces

occasionally resorted to a lathi-charge against the
unruly mobs that were in the bull-run areas, the
crowds brazenly hit bull after bull, much to
spectators’ amusement, while revelling in the
relief of narrowly escaping being trampled by the
fleeing, frightened bulls.


After mobs of spectators broke and trampled the

barricades and got into the bull-run areas, some
spectators pounced on the fleeing bulls and held
on to their humps, constituting a second, or
“parallel”, jallikattu. Police and organisers were
mere spectators to this cruelty, and it was indeed
impossible for them to control such a large, unruly
crowd. Parallel jallikattu was most observed inside
the bull-run area, before bulls reached the
collection yard, in Alanganallur.
Collection Many bulls in the collection yard were found to be Compromised bulls’
yard in a state of fear, shock, and exhaustion in the freedom from hunger
absence of shade, drinking water, and feed. There and thirst
was only one vessel of water in Ulagampatti. No
provision for water was observed in
Chettipalayam, Kalingapatti and Pothametuppatty.
Similar to the incidents in the bull-run areas, the Compromised bulls’

unruly spectators near the collection yard – while freedom from
hooting, screaming, and whistling – beat the discomfort, pain, fear,
fleeing bulls on their sides and backs with bare and distress
hands.
Outside the Lone men holding sticks with ropes are not Compromised bulls’
collection physically strong enough to lasso and stop freedom from
yard charging, fleeing bulls in their tracks – so more discomfort, pain, fear,
than 80 per cent of the animals ran right through and distress
the collection yard and out onto the streets,
through crowds of people screaming at them in
excitement and hitting them with bare hands.
Parallel jallikattu also took place outside the

collection yard, where uncontrolled spectators
jumped onto running bulls and held on to their
humps. This was commonplace in Alanganallur,
Palamedu and Periya Suriyur.
Many bulls collapsed on the ground from

exhaustion and dehydration. Many of them
refused to get up, which led their owners to beat
them, bite their tails, or force water into their
mouths in order to force them to do so.


A. Avaniapuram Jallikattu
Photo 1: At the jallikattu events in Avaniapuram, it was common to see bulls with cut or
mutilated ears. The procedure apparently prevents tamers from holding the animals’ ears to
control them.
Photo 2: Bulls were forcibly dragged by more than two people, who violently pulled and
yanked their nose ropes.


Photo 3: Bulls forced to line up side by side in the holding area, with hardly any space for
natural movement – most of them dehydrated, starving, and standing directly in the sun


Photo 4: An organiser pokes a bull with a metal stick inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 5: An organiser pokes a bull with a metal stick inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 6: A tamer is gored by a bull in the arena.

Photo 7: A bull leaps over a tamer in the arena.


Photo 8: A bull falls to the ground under the weight of four tamers.

Photo 9: Two tamers hold on to the horns of a bull.


Photo 10: A tamer holds on to a bull who has run back into the vaadi vaasal from the arena.
Photo 11: An owner bites his bull’s tail as two tamers hold on to the animal’s horns.


Photo 12: A tamer attempts to drag a bull out of the arena by holding onto the horns.

Photo 13: A bull’s nostrils bleed after his nose rope is roughly yanked inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 14: A tamer dangles from a bull’s neck as two others attempt to tame the animal.

Photo 15: A tamer attempts to protect himself from an agitated bull.


Photo 16: An organiser pokes a bull with a wooden stick inside the vaadi vaasal.

Photo 17: Two bulls attack each other as one runs back into the vaadi vaasal from the arena.


Photo 18: An organiser pokes a bull with a wooden stick inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 19: An owner bites his bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 20: Seven tamers attempt to tame a bull in the arena.

Photo 21: A bull owner whips a reluctant bull to force him to run out of the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 22: An owner uses a sharp instrument to poke a bull inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 23: An owner bites a bull’s tail in the arena while tamers attempt to control the bull, in
full view of organisers and spectators.


Photo 24: This bull’s ears have been cut off, apparently in order to prevent tamers from holding
onto them to control him.
Photo 25: A bull jumps and stands on his hind legs as his nose rope is raised, moments before it
snaps, inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 26: An unruly mob of spectators hits a fleeing bull outside the collection yard.
Photo 27: A bull jumps after being poked by a man with a thick wooden stick outside the
collection yard.


Photo 28: A bull is restrained on a street outside the collection yard.
Photo 29: Several bulls like this one ran amok on Avaniapuram’s streets and bylanes.


Photo 30: The so-called “double barricades” undone in the bull-run area
Photo 31: A bull tamer who has suffered serious injury to his right leg in the arena is taken out
on a stretcher.


Photo 32: A mob attempts to hit a fleeing bull outside the collection yard.
Photo 33: There was no provision for water, shade, or feed for bulls in the collection yard.


Photo 34: An owner yanks his bull’s tail in the collection yard.


B. Palamedu Jallikattu
Photo 35: Only the portion of the bulls’ queue that housed doctors had overhead shelter.


Photo 36: A section of the bulls’ queue with no overhead shelter for the animals

Photo 37: A bull whose ears have been cut off, apparently in order to prevent tamers from
holding onto them to control him


Photo 38: A reluctant bull is dragged into the vaadi vaasal by his nose ropes.
Photo 39: A scared bull is whacked with bare hands in order to force him into the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 40: A wooden stick is used to jab a bull (not pictured) inside the vaadi vaasal.

Photo 41: A sickle is used to snap a bull’s nose ropes inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 42: Five tamers pounce on a lone bull.
Photo 43: Only a handful of water troughs were placed for the more than 450 bulls who were
forced to participate in the Palamedu jallikattu.


Photo 44: A 19-year-old is fatally gored by a fleeing bull outside the collection yard.
Photo 45: The 19-year-old was rushed to a government hospital in Madurai but succumbed to
his injuries.


Photo 46: People block the animals’ exit from the bull-run area.
Photo 47: A mob hits a fleeing bull outside the collection yard.


Photo 48: A boisterous mob hits a bull fleeing the collection yard.
Photo 49: Scared by unruly mobs, a bull runs onto the dry, lush river bed outside the collection
yard.


Photo 50: An owner bites an exhausted bull’s tail in order to force the animal onto his feet
outside the collection yard, where bulls were not given the mandatory 20 minutes’ rest.
Photo 51: Barricades beyond the collection yard were undone halfway through the event.


Photo 52: Cruel restraining of a bull outside the collection yard
Photo 53: After the event, bulls were transported without being offered drinking water and
feed.


Photo 54: An exhausted bull who fell to the ground outside the collection yard
Photo 55: A bull’s nostrils bleed after being roughly yanked by the nose rope.


C. Alanganallur Jallikattu

Photo 56: Spectators engage in parallel jallikattu, a common sight in the bull-run area.
Photo 57: A spectator indulges in parallel jallikattu in the bull-run area.


Photo 58: Parallel jallikattu in the bull-run area
Photo 59: Parallel jallikattu underway in the bull-run area


Photo 60: Bull catchers block the exit from the bull-run area

Photo 61: Fleeing the bull-run area, a bull runs onto a local man’s property.


Photo 62: A bull is beaten by spectators in the bull-run area.
Photo 63: Outside the bull-run area, a man captures a bull by the nostrils.


Photo 64: Outside the bull-run area, an owner pulls his bull’s tail.
Photo 65: A bull falls to the ground while being captured outside the bull-run area.


Photo 66: Spectators beat a bull in the bull-run area.
Photo 67: A bull runs right through a bull-run area barricade.


Photo 68: A bull runs right through a bull-run area barricade.
Photo 69: Murky water in one of few troughs kept inside the collection area


Photo 70: Barricades like this one in the bull-run area collapsed.
Photo 71: A bull nearly gores an onlooker while fleeing the mobs in the bull-run area.


Photo 72: A bull is cruelly captured outside the bull-run area.
Photo 73: Scared of the mob, a bull jumps into a dry pond bed.


D. Panjampatti T Jallikattu

Photo 74: Bulls were not offered water, feed, or overhead shelter while in the queue.
Photo 75: Bulls restrained in the waiting area without water, feed, or overhead shelter.


Photo 76: An owner forcibly pulls his reluctant bull towards the medical-examination area.
Photo 77: Bull owners push a reluctant bull into the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 78: An owner-cum-tamer bites his bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 79: An owner-cum-tamer bites his bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 80: An owner-cum-tamer twists a bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 81: An owner yanks a bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 82: An owner twists a bull’s tail inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 83: Two men pull on both ends of a blindfolded bull’s nose rope inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 84: A man whacks a bull with his bare hand inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 85: Inside the vaadi vaasal, one of the organisers pokes a bull in the anal area with a
wooden stick.


Photo 86: An owner-cum-tamer pulls a bull’s ear inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 87: An owner drags a bull by his nostrils as another man pulls one of the horns and a
police officer attempts to hit the animal to force him out of the vaadi vaasal, in which he is
stuck because it is much smaller than the required 12-by-15 feet specified in the AWBI’s
jallikattu guidelines.


Photo 88: Inside the vaadi vaasal, a bull is prodded with a thick wooden stick by one of the
organisers.
Photo 89: Nose ropes are cut from a height, which seems to cause pain and stress among the
bulls.


Photo 90: More than five men overpower a bull in the arena.
Photo 91: Tamers overpower a lone bull, a common sight at the event.


Photo 92: The only two water troughs in the collection yard
Photo 93: Bulls ran onto streets from the collection yard, where they were not given the
mandatory 20 minutes’ rest. They were not contained in the jallikattu venue until the end of the
event.


Photo 94: A bull scared of being hit by a mob flees and collides with a motorist on the road.


E. Periya Suriyur Jallikattu
Photo 95: A reluctant bull is forcibly dragged into the vaadi vaasal by his nose ropes.
Photo 96: An injured man injured is taken away on a stretcher.


Photo 97: A bull jumps over a metal barricade less than 8 feet (2.4 metres) high,
endangering both spectators and the animal.
Photo 98: Scared by raucous spectators, a bull crashes to the ground inside the bull-run
area.


Photo 99: A bull jumps over a bull-run area barricade that was less than 8 feet (2.4 metres)
high, endangering both spectators and the animal.
Photo 100: The collection yard is completely blocked by men with ropes.


Photo 101: A bull is beaten by spectators outside the collection yard.
Photo 102: Spectators engage in parallel jallikattu outside the collection yard.


Photo 103: A bull is beaten by spectators outside the collection yard.


F. Pothametuppatty Jallikattu
Photo 104: Bulls weren’t given adequate space, shade, feed, or water in the holding area.
Photo 105: Bulls are forced to stand amid their own faeces and urine.


Photo 106: A bull in the holding area with a fractured or dislocated tailbone, indicating
abuse during training or previous jallikattu events
Photo 107: A bull is blindfolded to suppress anxiety. The event was held along the Trichy-
Dindigul Highway 83 (seen in background) instead of an open ground.


Photo 108: Bulls without any shade, feed, or water in the holding area
Photo 109: A bull is jabbed with a pointed metal sickle inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 110: A bull is jabbed with a pointed metal sickle inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 111: A bull gores a tamer in the arena.


Photo 112: Four tamers pounce on a bull in the arena.
Photo 113: A bull and a tamer fall on their backs inside the arena as the bull loses control
under the weight of the tamer.


Photo 114: Tamers hold onto a bull’s horns. They were not disqualified for doing so.
Photo 115: Two tamers hold onto a bull’s hump for a distance of more than 15 metres. They
were not disqualified for doing so.


Photo 116: Parallel jallikattu takes place in the collection yard.
Photo 117: A bull tramples a portion of the bull-run area barricade.


Photo 118: A bull is captured on a local resident’s property.
Photo 119: Police personnel repeatedly resorted to lathi-charges as men blocked the bull-run
area exit.


Photo 120: Six bulls are crammed tightly together on a single truck without food or drinking
water to be transported after the event.


G. Kalingapatti Jallikattu
Photo 121: Bulls in the queue for the vaadi vaasal without shade, feed, or water.
Photo 122: Bulls in the holding area without any shade, feed, or water.


Photo 123: A bull is poked with metal sickles inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 124: A bull’s nose rope is violently yanked from a height inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 125: Two tamers hold onto a bull’s horns. They were not disqualified for doing so.
Photo 126: A bull is jabbed with a wooden stick inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 127: There were no double barricades in arena or bull-run area.
Photo 128: The bull-run area barricade collapsed.


Photo 129: Bulls weren’t given any shade, feed, or water in the collection yard.
Photo 130: A man yanks an exhausted bull’s tail in an attempt to get the animal back on his
feet outside the collection yard. No bulls were given a 20-minute rest in the collection yard.


H. Ulagampatti Jallikattu
Photo 131: Bulls without any shade, feed, or water in the waiting area.
Photo 132: A bull is jabbed with a thick wooden stick inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 133: A bull is poked with a wooden stick inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 134: A spectator pinches a bull’s hump to force the reluctant animal to leave the vaadi
vaasal.


Photo 135: A bull’s tail is yanked inside the vaadi vaasal.
Photo 136: A bull’s tail is bitten by his owner inside the vaadi vaasal.


Photo 137: A bull runs right through the bull-run area barricade.
Photo 138: The only water trough in the collection yard, which had no feed or shade.


I. Chettipalayam Jallikattu
Photo 139: One of many bulls seen with cut or mutilated ears, a procedure that apparently
prevents tamers from holding the ears to control the animals
Photo 140: A bull owner holds onto one of the horns of his bull in the middle of the arena.


Photo 141: A bull runs into and tramples a portion of the bull-run area barricade.
Photo 142: A bull’s nose ropes are handled roughly, causing his nostrils to bleed.


Photo 143: A bull is cruelly restrained in the collection yard.
Photo 144: Bulls in the collection yard without any shade, feed, or water


Photo 145: A man pokes a bull with a thick wooden stick in the collection yard.
Photo 146: A bull falls to the ground in the collection yard because of rough handling by his
nose rope.


IV. Apparent Legal Violations

The PCA Act, 1960; the PCA (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017; the Tamil Nadu PCA
(Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017; and AWBI jallikattu guidelines were blatantly flouted at all
nine of the jallikattu events in four districts of Tamil Nadu that PETA India investigated. The
findings of the investigation and evidence of abuse documented in the form of photographs and
video footage prove that no amount of regulation can prevent cruelty to bulls during jallikattu
events.
Less than two months after this year’s jallikattu events began, the reported number of injuries
and deaths of humans and bulls was already high: 10 humans and five bulls had died and 757
humans had been injured. Casualty figures from jallikattu events between January and June
2017, as reported by the media, indicate that five bulls and 15 humans died and nearly 2,000
humans were injured – including participants, spectators, and a police officer. This means the
total number of fatalities resulting from jallikattu events in just over one year – from January
2017 to early February 2018 – is 10 bulls and 25 humans, in addition to the injury of 2,795
humans. It is appalling that neither the PCA (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017; the Tamil
Nadu PCA (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017; nor the AWBI jallikattu guidelines holds the
collector, jallikattu organisers, or bull abusers in any way accountable or liable for punishment.
This loophole in the legislation gives them a free pass to continue abusing bulls and putting
humans in harm’s way.
Below are the provisions of the PCA (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017; the Tamil Nadu
PCA (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017; and AWBI’s guidelines issued on 5 January 2018 for
the conduct of jallikattu that were apparently violated during the nine jallikattu events that
PETA India investigated.
Law Provision Details of Violation

Prevention of Section 3(2): The provision was not complied with.
Cruelty to “Notwithstanding anything
Animals contained in sub-section (1),
(Tamil Nadu conduct of ‘Jallikattu’,
Amendment) subject to such rules and
Act, 2017 regulations as may be
framed by the State
Government, shall be
permitted” [emphasis added].
Section 11(3)(f): “the Bulls’ well-being was compromised

conduct of ‘Jallikattu’ with a during the jallikattu events.
view to follow and promote
tradition and culture and
ensure preservation of native
breed of bulls as also their
safety, security and
wellbeing” [emphasis
added].
Tamil Nadu Rule 3(7): “The organizers All the investigated jallikattu events,
Prevention of shall conduct Jallikattu in an except for those in Chettipalayam and
open ground with the Periya Suriyur, were held on patches of


Cruelty to following facilities” land amid residential properties and on

Animals [emphasis added]. streets in the centre of small villages.
(Conduct of In Alanganallur, Avaniapuram,
Jallikattu) Kalingapatti, Palamedu, Panjampatti T,
Rules, 2017 Pothametuppatty, and Ulagampatti,
they were held on the villages’ main
streets.
Rule 3(7)(a): “The bulls shall The bulls weren’t allowed to rest for a
be provided rest for a minimum of 20 minutes before being
minimum of 20 minutes taken into the arena at any of the
before they are brought into jallikattu events. Reluctant, scared, and
the arena” [emphasis added]. agitated bulls were made to stand for
hours – without shade, food, or water –
forced into the vaadi vaasal from the
holding area, subjected to
psychological stress, and dragged by
nose ropes. Their tails were twisted,
and they were whacked and pushed
with bare hands. Some were dragged
blindfolded into the vaadi vaasal in an
attempt to suppress anxiety. Those who
collapsed because of dehydration
and/or exhaustion or who broke out of
the queues in distress were also forced
into the vaadi vaasal and the arena
without any rest.
Rule 3(7)(b): “In the holding This provision was violated at all nine
area, each bull shall be jallikattu events. Bulls weren’t given
provided adequate space to the required space and were forced to
exhibit the normal behaviour. stand right next to each other.
Each bull shall be provided
a minimum space of 60
square feet. Adequate feed
and water shall be provided
to the bulls and they shall be
allowed to perform their
normal physiological
functions. The owner of the
bull shall always be by the
side of the bull to assure the
psychological safety and
security of the bull”
[emphasis added].
Rule 3(7)(d): “The bulls shall Bulls with visible injuries or

be thoroughly observed for mutilations such as cut ears were found
any physical injuries to the in the queue for the vaadi vaasal –
body parts like mutilated beyond the examination area, where
ears, fractured tail, etc. by they should have been rejected.


Veterinarians of the Animal

Husbandry Department. If
any injury is found, they
shall not be permitted to
participate in the event and
shall be sent back” [emphasis
added].
Rule 3(7)(e): “The bull Organisers failed to comply with these

holding area shall be basic roofing requirements. At all nine
provided with adequate jallikattu events, the examination area
roofing (shamiana/thatched had roofs over where humans were
roof) so as to protect the standing but nothing adequate for the
bulls from rain or sunlight” bulls’ queues and holding areas. In
[emphasis added]. Kalingapatti, Palamedu, Panjampatti T,
Pothametuppatty, and Ulagampatti,
there was no roofing whatsoever for
the animals. In Avaniapuram, three
shamianas provided about 10 per cent
of the bull queue with shelter, and there
was no shelter whatsoever in the
holding area. In Palamedu, there was
no roofing whatsoever in the queue or
in the holding area. In Alanganallur,
roofing was provided only in the queue
area near the vaadi vaasal. In
Kalingapatti, Pothametuppatty, and
Ulagampatti, there was no roofing
whatsoever in the queue or holding
area.
Rule 3(7)(f): “The holding None of the holding areas at the nine
area shall be maintained events was neat, clean, or hygienic, and
neat, clean and hygienic. the accumulating dung, urine, and
All wastes like dung and organic waste weren’t removed. The
organic wastes shall be queues for the vaadi vaasal were soiled
cleared then and there and with dung and urine, and disinfectants
disinfectants shall be used weren’t used.
liberally to ensure complete
hygiene” [emphasis added].
Rule 4(2): “The participating At all nine events, bulls who exhibited
bulls shall be examined for symptoms of dehydration, restlessness,
general health by clinical or fatigue were still forced to
examination. Bulls showing participate. Officials and qualified
symptoms of fatigue, veterinarians of the Animal Husbandry
dehydration, restlessness, Department turned a blind eye to
etc. shall be identified and violations of this rule. Many bulls who
not permitted to participate were blindfolded to suppress their
further in the event” anxiety were given clearance by
[emphasis added]. veterinarians in the examination area.


Furthermore, many animals who were

dehydrated, exhausted, or fatigued and
who collapsed after being given a clean
chit by veterinarians in the examination
area were forced by their owners to
participate. After being made to stand
for hours together without drinking
water in holding areas and queues,
dehydrated, exhausted animals were
forced to run through the vaadi vaasal
as tamers pounced on them. Unruly
spectators then hit them in the bull-run
area.
Rule 5(2): “The participants Blocking the bulls’ exit: In each

shall not be permitted to event, participants violated this rule for
stand in front of the bulls as almost every bull in their frenzied rush
they enter the arena. They to stand in front of the bulls’ entry
shall also not be permitted point in order to help the tamers
to block the exit way for the control the animal by pouncing on him
bulls. The participants shall before others could. Moments after a
be permitted only to embrace bull rushed out, the tamers converged
the bulls by their hump and and crowded the entry point before the
run along with the bull for 15 next bull emerged. The tamers jostled
metres or for 30 seconds or for space and stood right in front of the
sustain three jumps of the bulls as they entered the arena. This
bull. The participants shall was a blatant violation of Rule 5(2),
not hold on to the tail, which can never be implemented in
horns using their hands or reality, as all tamers are very
restrict the movement of the competitive and want to win prizes and
bulls by holding on to the fame.
bulls’ legs. The participants
violating these guidelines Embracing the bull for 15 metres or
shall be liable to be 30 seconds or sustaining three jumps
debarred from by the bull: In their desire for prizes,
participating further in the tamers violated this rule rampantly,
event.” [emphasis added]. even though commentators yelled at
them to let go of the bulls. At all the
events, tamers held on to the animals’
humps for more than 15 metres, longer
than 30 seconds, and more than three
jumps by the bulls, much to the
animals’ discomfort. The
organisers/jallikattu committee took a
lenient approach and still gave tamers
who broke the rule prizes instead of
giving them warnings, denying them
prizes, or ending their participation. In
Kalingapatti, a tamer was filmed
holding onto a bull for six jumps. At
Palamedu and Pothametuppatty, tamers
were filmed holding onto bulls for


more than three jumps. In

Pothametuppatty, a tamer was filmed
holding onto a bull for well over 15
metres.
Holding onto bulls’ tails and horns:

Many tamers in all nine jallikattu
events held on to bulls’ horns.
Furthermore, the majority of tamers
who ended up “taming” a bull after
doing so weren’t disqualified and were
awarded prizes. Regulating jallikattu is
impossible, as cruelty is inherent in the
“sport” – especially when the
organisers themselves hand out prizes
to participants who flout the rules
instead of punishing them. If every
tamer who held on to bulls’ horns was
disqualified, only a handful of tamers
would remain in the arena.
Rule 6(1): “The area after the Strength of the barricades: At all the
bull embrace area [up to] the events, the barricades in the bull-run
Bull collection yard is the area were broken by the crowds of
Bull Run area. A strong spectators. In Avaniapuram, bulls were
double barricade should observed jumping over metal
separate the galleries from barricades (typically used by traffic
and law-and-order police to divert
the arena. The spectator
vehicular traffic) where 8-foot
gallery shall be constructed barricades hadn’t been erected and the
from [at least] 15 metres animals ran into lanes where barricades
beyond the point where the were broken. In Alanganallur,
bulls are released so as to spectators were lathi-charged as they
minimise the noise from the crowded the bull-run area and blocked
spectators at the time of the the exit to the collection yard,
bull release” [emphasis rendering the animals confused and
added]. helpless. Because mobs blocked the
exit of the bull-run area, many bulls ran
back into the arena and some ran
through the crowd, over the broken
barricades, and into by-lanes. In
Palamedu too, men blocked the path
inside the bull-run area, so many bulls
returned to the arena. In Alanganallur
and Pothametuppatty, many bulls ran
amok into by-lanes, fields, and
residential lanes. The majority of bulls
in Alanganallur didn’t reach the
collection yard, as they fled into fields
located on either side of the bull-run
area. Barricades lay on the ground at
Alanganallur, Avaniapuram,


Kalingapatti, Palamedu, Periya

Suriyur, and Pothametuppatty. In
Alanganallur and Periya Suriyur,
because people had broken the
barricades, many spectators both inside
and outside the bull-run area were
injured as bulls ran amok through the
crowds. Many animals entered nearby
fields instead of running towards the
collection yard. Most injuries to
spectators, including fatal ones, occur
when the mob penetrates the bull-run
area, the collection yard, and the area
beyond the collection yard, where they
willingly put themselves in close
proximity to agitated, terrified, and
distressed fleeing bulls in order to hit
them and hang on to their humps.
The 15-metre distance between the

bull release point and the spectator
gallery:
None of the events’ organisers adhered
to Rule 6(1), as the spectators’ galleries
were erected within 15 metres of the
bull release point. This is a serious
violation by the jallikattu committees.
In Avaniapuram and Palamedu, a
loudspeaker blaring out live
commentary was located right next to
the bulls’ entry point, and the high
volume contravened the requirement
that spectator noise be minimised as
the bulls are released.
Rule 6(2): “After the run of Touching the bull past 15 metres: At
15 metres, when the bulls the majority of the nine jallikattu
enter the bull run area, the venues, tamers in the bull-run area
participants are not to be were observed holding onto bulls’
allowed to touch the bulls. humps and clinging to them well past
The Bull Run area should 15 metres. Furthermore, instead of
cover a minimum of 100 issuing them with warnings, the
metres length to facilitate the jallikattu committee and organisers
bulls to the exit without any gave them prizes.
anxiety into the collection
yard. The entire activity Allocated 60 to 120 seconds in the
starting from entry of the bull-run area: At almost all the
bulls into the arena [up to] jallikattu events, many bulls were
the bull collection yard shall observed taking far longer than 60 to
be completed in 60 to 120 120 seconds to complete the run (i.e.
seconds” [emphasis added]. from being released at the entry point
to reaching the collection yard), largely


because the bull-run area and the

collection yard were blocked by
crowds. After reaching the bull-run
area, the animals ran back towards the
arena and vaadi vaasal because the
bull-run area and the exit point were
blocked by spectators. In Alanganallur,
many ran back on seeing the crowds
surrounding the bull-run area.
Rule 7(1): “The bull Only bull owners and authorised

collection yard shall be made personnel should be in the collection
out of bounds for others. yard: Crowds of spectators broke
Only the bull owners or through the collection yard barricades
their authorised personnel and infiltrated the areas at all the
shall be allowed to enter venues except in Alanganallur and
the bull collection yard. A Palamedu. They hit exhausted bulls as
minimum of 60 square feet they ran out of the bull-run area into
area shall be made available the collection yard. In Avaniapuram,
for each bull and at a time. bulls ran right through the collection
The bulls after completing yard. In Alanganallur, most bulls ran
the run will enter the out into fields and village by-lanes
collection yard, which shall because bull-run area barricades were
also be a double barricaded broken. Only very few bulls (those
area. The owner or a person who ran straight through the bull-run
authorised by the owner who area to collection yard) ended up in the
is familiar with the bull shall collection yard. In Periya Suriyur and
receive the bull at the Pothametuppatty, mobs infiltrated the
collection yard and peg it. collection yards, as the barricades were
Water and feed shall be broken.
provided to the bull. After
ensuring adequate rest for Double barricades required in the
the bull (minimum of 20 collection yard: At some of the
minutes), the bulls shall be jallikattu events, no double barricades
taken back home by the were erected.
owners” [emphasis added].
Providing bulls with feed and water
in the collection yard: This rule was
violated at all nine jallikattu events, as
there was no feed in the collection
yards and only a handful of water
bowls/troughs were put out for the
hundreds of bulls at each event. This
failure to provide enough water or feed
– which would have required very little
expenditure – highlights the
indifference to the bulls’ well-being.
Organisers, on other hand, spent
money on prizes such as a car,
motorcycles, bicycles, gold and silver
coins, mobile phones, fans, mattresses,
medals, and utensils for humans.


Providing bulls with a minimum 20-

minute rest before taking them
home: Bulls at all nine jallikattu events
weren’t allowed to rest for the
minimum of 20 minutes. As most
animals ran right through the bull-run
area and collection yards into fields,
by-lanes, and streets, their owners ran
after them, restrained them, and led
them straight to the vehicles that would
take them home, denying them
adequate rest.
Rule 7(2): “The bull Jallikattu committees are charged with

collection yard shall be ensuring that “jallikattu is conducted in
provided with roofing conformity with these rules”, yet none
(shamiana/thatched roof) of the ones responsible for the
so as to protect the bulls from investigated events – including the
rain or sunlight. Closed biggest, best-funded ones in
circuit cameras shall be fixed Alanganallur, Avaniapuram, and
at vantage points in the bull Palamedu – provided the bulls with any
collection area and all the shelter whatsoever in the collection
activities shall be recorded. yards. The same committees ensured
A Veterinary team shall be that humans had the necessary roofing
posted in the collection yard in the bull-examination area.
so as to provide immediate
attention to the bulls that
have completed the event. A
posse of police personnel
shall also be present in the
collection area” [emphasis
added].
Rule 8(2): “The Collector In Alanganallur and Palamedu, the

shall ensure double double barricades were less than 8 feet
barricading of the arena at (2.4 metres) high and their metal mesh
the minimum of eight feet came undone in many places right next
height so that bulls will not to the vaadi vaasal. There was only a
jump the double barricading single barricade for the arenas at
and cause injuries to the Kalingapatti and Ulagampatti. Sharp,
spectators” [emphasis protruding ends of the metal mesh
added]. posed a threat of injury to the tamers,
bulls, and police personnel who were
standing between the two barricades.
The barricades were less than 8 feet
high in the bull-run areas and the
collection yards, thus risking that bulls
would jump over them into the crowds
on the other side.


Rule 8(3): “The Collector In all nine events, spectators were

shall ensure that the number observed seated under the spectators’
of spectators in the gallery gallery, endangering their safety, as it
shall not exceed the limit could have collapsed from the severe
prescribed by the Public crowding.
Works Department”
[emphasis added].
Rule 9(1): “The participants This is one of the most violated rules.
shall be put to thorough Bulls’ tails were bitten, twisted, and
check up by a medical team yanked. Bulls were whacked with bare
constituted by the Collector hands and hit and poked with wooden
just before they enter into the and metal sticks. Nose ropes were
arena. The Collector shall handled roughly, causing bulls’ nostrils
ensure that every participant to bleed. This was observed in the
wears an exclusive dress for holding areas and vaadi vaasals at all
the purpose of identification nine investigated events. Furthermore,
with necessary identification bull owners forced fatigued,
card. The Collector shall dehydrated, and distressed bulls to
ensure deployment of participate. In addition to the
additional medical facilities psychological stress caused to the
like extra ambulance vehicle, bulls, physical abuse was inflicted on
serving doctors, veterinarians them by everyone, including the
etc., for ensuring the safety organisers, bull owners, spectators, and
of the participants as well as police.
the bulls. The Collector
shall strictly ensure that the
bulls are not physically
abused just before it is
released into the arena.
Further, the nose rope/face
rope of the bull should be
snapped only by the owner or
his representative in the
presence of the authorised
officials” [emphasis added].
AWBI’s Point vi. (iv): “Double- There was almost no double

guidelines for barricading of the arena or barricading of the passageway from the
the conduct of the way through which the arena at any of the nine events. Double
jallikattu, bulls pass through in order to barricading was restricted to the arena
issued on 5 avoid injuries to the itself, except at Kalingapatti and
January 2018 spectators and by-standers Ulagampatti, where there was only
in letter No 17- who can be permitted to single barricading. The single-
1/2017- remain within the barricaded portion of the bull-run area
18/PCA/CC/JK barricades.” and near the collection yard had no
mesh barricading, and as a result, bulls
and humans trampled the barriers at all
the investigated events.
Point x. (viii): “The K Ranjith (aged 19, from

participants in the event Muddukkupatti in Trichy) died after a


should also enroll their bull kicked him in the chest during the
names in advance to the jallikattu event in Kalingapatti on 20
revenue authorities. They January 2018. Another man,
should also be put to Venkataprasad (aged 21, from
thorough check up by the Coimbatore), was reportedly later
Physicians available in the arrested for enrolling as a bull tamer
medical team and only after and then helping Ranjith to participate
their certification about the in the event in his name.
suitability of the individuals;
they should be allowed to
participate in the event.”
Point xx (xviii): “The Organisers in Kalingapatti, Panjampatti
Vadivasal (the entrance) T, Pothametuppatty, and Ulagampatti
should be 12×15 feet.” did not adhere to this guideline. In each
case, the vaadi vaasal’s width was
much narrower than required. In
Panjampatti T and Ulagampatti, bulls
were filmed stuck inside the vaadi
vaasal with no room to turn around.
Animals bought for the event Rampant cruelty to bulls was filmed at
are not subjected to any all nine jallikattu events. Bulls were
cruelty during the conduct of beaten, pinched, and jabbed with sticks
the event. and metal sickles, and their tails were
yanked, twisted, and bitten by their
owners and the organisers. Exhausted
and dehydrated animals were forced to
participate in jallikattu after standing in
queues for hours without overhead
shelter or sufficient water and feed.
They were yanked roughly by nose
ropes, causing their nostrils to bleed,
and many collapsed from exhaustion
and/or dehydration after the events.


V. Review of Human and Animal Casualties During Jallikattu

The casualty factsheet below covers the period (from January 2017 to February 2018) after the
Tamil Nadu government attempted to regulate jallikattu events through an amendment to the
PCA Act, 1960.
Se Event Event News Story No of No of No of No of Remarks

ria Location Date Hum Hum Bull Bull
l an an Injuri Death
No Injuri Death es s
es s
1 Kuppam 16 The Hindu - - - 2 The bulls
village, January (“Two Bulls Die were said to
Chittoor 2017 in AP have been
district, Jallikattu”) intoxicated.
Andhra The event
Pradesh http://www.theh was
indu.com/news/ apparently
national/andhra- illegal.
pradesh/Two-
bulls-die-in-AP-
jallikattu/article
17042183.ece
2 Vellakuttai 17 The Times of - 1 - - 100 bulls

village, January India were used.
Vellore 2017 (“Bull Race:
district, Man Gored to
Tamil Nadu Death in Tamil
Nadu”)
http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/city/chennai/
man-gored-to-
death-by-bull-
in-tamil-
nadu/articlesho
w/56622611.cm
s
3 Rapoosal 22 The Times of 129 2 - - 210 bulls

village, January India were used.
Pudukkottai 2017 (“2 Dead, 129
district, Injured During
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu in
Tamil Nadu”)
http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/india/jallikatt


u-claims-two-
lives-in-tamil-
nadu/articlesho
w/56716812.cm
s
4 Arasalur 27 The Hindu - - - 1 50 bulls

village, January (“Scared Bull were used.
Perambalur 2017 Hits Tree,
district, Dies”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/Scare
d-bull-hits-tree-
dies/article1710
0129.ece
5 Karungulam 30 The Hindu 35 - - - More than

village, January (“Jallikattu Held 400 bulls
Tiruchirapp 2017 in Tiruchi, were used.
alli district, Sivaganga”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-
paper/Jallikattu-
held-in-Tiruchi-
Sivaganga/articl
e17114781.ece
6 Siravayal 30 The Hindu 32 - - - -

village, January (“Jallikattu Held
Sivaganga 2017 in Tiruchi,
district, Sivaganga”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-
paper/Jallikattu-
held-in-Tiruchi-
Sivaganga/articl
e17114781.ece
7 Namagiripet 30 Hindustan 39 - - - 175 bulls

tai village, January Times were used.
Namakkal 2017 (“39 Injured
district, During Jallikattu
Tamil Nadu Event in Tamil


Nadu’s
Namakkal”)
http://www.hind
ustantimes.com/
india-news/39-
injured-during-
jallikattu-event-
in-tamil-nadu-s-
namakkal/story-
ZYiJfyiiGNLOg
kf1rD1RwN.ht
ml
8 Palinganath 30 The Hindu 80 - - - The event

am village, January (“80 Injured in was
Ariyalur 2017 Jallikattu Held organised
district, in Ariyalur without
Tamil Nadu District”) permission.
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/80-injured-
in-jallikattu-
held-in-
Ariyalur-
district/article17
099241.ece
9 Palamedu 10 The Hindu 49 - 3 - 354 bulls

village, February (“49 Injured in were used.
Madurai 2017 Palamedu
district, Jallikattu”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/49-injured-
in-Palamedu-
jallikattu/article
17279686.ece
10 Kalingapatti 11 The Times of 1 - - - 147 bulls

village, February India were used.
Tiruchirapp 2017 (“Manapparai’s
alli district, Second Official
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Held
at Kalingapatti,
Only One Hurt”)


http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/city/trichy/ma
napparais-
second-official-
jallikattu-held-
at-kalingapatti-
only-one-
hurt/articleshow/
57089490.cms
11 Malaiyakov 11 The Times of 28 - - - 111 bulls

il village, February India were used.
Pudukkottai 2017 (“Manapparai’s
district, Second Official
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Held
at Kalingapatti,
Only One Hurt”)
http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/city/trichy/ma
napparais-
second-official-
jallikattu-held-
at-kalingapatti-
only-one-
hurt/articleshow/
57089490.cms
12 Alanganallu 11 The Hindu 73 - 4 - A large

r village, February (“73 Persons portion of a
Madurai 2017 Injured in gallery
district, Alanganallur partially
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu”) collapsed
during the
http://www.theh event. 549
indu.com/news/ bulls were
national/tamil- used. Bikes
nadu/73- and a car
persons-injured- were
inAlanganallur- distributed
jallikattu/article as prizes.
17285432.ece
13 Tirunallur 12 The Hindu 89 1 - - 1,000 bulls

village, February (“Spectator were used.
Thanjavur 2017 Killed, 89
district, Injured During
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu at
Tirunallur”)


http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/Spectator-
killed-89-
injured-during-
jallikattu-at-
Tirunallur/articl
e17290027.ece
14 Manjampatt 13 Deccan 21 - - - 238 bulls

i village, February Chronicle were used.
Tiruchirapp 2017 (“21 Tamers
alli district, Injured in
Tamil Nadu Manjampatti
Jallikattu”)
http://www.decc
anchronicle.com
/nation/in-other-
news/130217/21
-tamers-injured-
in-manjampatti-
jallikattu.html
15 Pilichikuzhi 13 Deccan 14 - - - 130 bulls

village, February Chronicle were used.
Ariyalur 2017 (“21 Tamers
district, Injured in
Tamil Nadu Manjampatti
Jallikattu”)
http://www.decc
anchronicle.com
/nation/in-other-
news/130217/21
-tamers-injured-
in-manjampatti-
jallikattu.html
16 Kondayamp 13 The Hindu 40 - - - More than

alli village, February (“70 Persons 400 bulls
Salem 2017 Injured in were used.
district, Jallikattu in
Tamil Nadu Salem,
Namakkal
Districts”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays


-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/70-
persons-injured-
in-jallikattu-in-
Salem-
Namakkal-
districts/article1
7294761.ece
17 Alanganath 13 The Hindu 30 - - - More than

am village, February (“70 Persons 200 bulls
Namakkal 2017 Injured in were used.
district, Jallikattu in
Tamil Nadu Salem,
Namakkal
Districts”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/70-
persons-injured-
in-jallikattu-in-
Salem-
Namakkal-
districts/article1
7294761.ece
18 Maravapatti 13 The Hindu 30 - - - -

village, February (“4 Die in
Dindigul 2017 Different Bull
district, Sports in State”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/4-die-in-
different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
19 Pallavaraya 13 The Hindu 20 - - - -

npatti February (“4 Die in
village, 2017 Different Bull
Theni Sports in State”)
district,
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/4-die-in-


different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
20 Paichal 13 The Hindu - 2 - - -

village, February (“4 Die in
Vellore 2017 Different Bull
district, Sports in State”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/4-die-in-
different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
21 Seidunganal 13 The Hindu - 1 - - A bull ran

lur village, February (“4 Die in into a
Thoothukku 2017 Different Bull crowd of
di district, Sports in State”) spectators,
Tamil Nadu leaving one
http://www.theh person
indu.com/todays dead.
-paper/4-die-in-
different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
22 Kandupatti 13 The Hindu 35 1 - - One person

village, February (“4 Die in “sustained a
Sivaganga 2017 Different Bull deep injury
district, Sports in State”) in his neck”
Tamil Nadu and died.
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/4-die-in-
different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
23 Tiruchi 13 The Hindu 20 - - - -

district February (“4 Die in
2017 Different Bull
Sports in State”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays


-paper/4-die-in-
different-bull-
sports-in-
State/article1729
4600.ece
24 Madurai 16 The New Indian - - - 1 A bull was

village, February Express poisoned to
Madurai 2017 (“Bull Used in death after
district, Jallikattu Found he failed to
Tamil Nadu Dead Near perform.
Madurai”) According
to police,
http://www.newi when he
ndianexpress.co was found,
m/states/tamil- blood was
nadu/2017/feb/1 “leaking
6/bull-used-in- from [his]
jallikattu-found- rear side”.
dead-near-
madurai-
1571166--1.html
25 Thirukanurp 27 The Indian 47 - - - 276 bulls

atti village, February Express were used.
Thanjavur 2017 (“Tamil Nadu:
district, 47 Injured in
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu in
Thirukanurpatti”
)
http://indianexpr
ess.com/article/i
ndia/tamil-nadu-
47-injured-in-
jallikattu-in-
thirukanurpatti-
4545933/
26 Thiruvappur 6 March The Times of 69 2 - - -

village, 2017 India
Pudukkottai (“Two Gored to
district, Death During
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu”)
http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/city/chennai/t
wo-gored-to-
death-during-
jallikattu/articles


how/57486009.c
ms
27 Annavasal 11 The Hindu 52 1 - - 330 bulls

town, March (“One Gored to were used.
Pudukkottai 2017 Death in
district, Annavasal
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/one-
dies-in-
annavasal-
jallikattu/article
17445186.ece
28 Karadipatti 11 The Hindu 9 - - - -

village, March (“One Gored to
Tiruchirapp 2017 Death in
alli district, Annavasal
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/one-
dies-in-
annavasal-
jallikattu/article
17445186.ece
29 Arungal 13 The Hindu 33 - - - 200 bulls

village, March (“33 Injured in were used.
Ariyalur 2017 Jallikattu”) The event
district, was
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh organised
indu.com/news/ without
cities/Tiruchirap permission.
alli/33-injured-
in-
jallikattu/article
17457379.ece
30 Keezha 20 Business 44 - - - -
Anbil March Standard
village, 2017 (“78 Injured in
Tiruchirapp Jallikattu”)


alli district,
Tamil Nadu http://www.busi
ness-
standard.com/art
icle/pti-
stories/78-
injured-in-
jallikattu-
117032000455_
1.html
31 Pudukkottai 20 Business 34 - - - -
village, March Standard
Pudukkottai 2017 (“78 Injured in
Tamil Nadu
http://www.busi
ness-
standard.com/art
icle/pti-
stories/78-
injured-in-
jallikattu-
117032000455_
1.html
32 Sengalakudi 25 The Hindu 13 - - - 285 bulls

village, March (“13 Tamers were used.
Pudukkottai 2017 Injured in
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/13-tamers-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
17648621.ece
33 Thammamp 27 The Hindu 56 - - - -

atti town, March (“56 Injured in
Salem 2017 Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/56-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
17670337.ece


34 Devarayapu 27 The Hindu 25 - - - A police

ram village, March (“56 Injured in constable
Namakkal 2017 Jallikattu”) was among
district, the injured.
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh About 200
indu.com/todays bulls were
-paper/56- used.
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
17670337.ece
35 Mazhaiyur 27 The Hindu 37 - - - 367 bulls

village, March (“59 Injured in were used.
Vellore 2017 Jallikattu at Two
district, Villages”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/59-injured-
in-jallikattu-at-
two-
villages/article1
7671232.ece
36 Thondaima 27 The Hindu 22 - - - 365 bulls

nallur March (“59 Injured in were used.
village, 2017 Jallikattu at Two
Pudukkottai Villages”)
district,
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/59-injured-
in-jallikattu-at-
two-
villages/article1
7671232.ece
37 Keezhakuri 31 The Hindu 22 - - - 350 bulls

chi village, March (“22 Injured in were used.
Pudukkottai 2017 Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/22-injured-
in-
jallikattu/article
17753109.ece


38 Kulathukara 6 April The Hindu 8 - - - 420 bulls

npatti 2017 (“34 Injured in were used.
village, Jallikattu at
Tiruchirapp Tiruchi and
alli district, Pudukottai”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/34-injured-
in-jallikattu-at-
tiruchi-and-
pudukottai/articl
e17854397.ece
39 Meenampatt 6 April The Hindu 26 - - - 385 bulls

i village, 2017 (“34 Injured in were used.
Pudukkottai Jallikattu at
district, Tiruchi and
Tamil Nadu Pudukottai”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/34-injured-
in-jallikattu-at-
tiruchi-and-
pudukottai/articl
e17854397.ece
40 Kulamangal 10 April The Hindu 60 - - - 588 bulls

am village, 2017 (“60 Injured in were used.
Madurai Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/news/
cities/Madurai/6
0-injured-in-
jallikattu/article
17901285.ece
41 Mullipatti 14 April The Hindu 26 - - - 368 bulls

village, 2017 (“32 Injured in were used.
Pudukkottai ‘Jallikattu’ at
district, Pudukottai
Tamil Nadu District”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/32-injured-


in-jallikattu-at-
pudukottai-
district/article17
997728.ece
42 Ponnamarav 14 April The Hindu 6 - - - 286 bulls

athy village, 2017 (“32 Injured in were used.
Pudukkottai ‘Jallikattu’ at
district, Pudukottai
Tamil Nadu District”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/32-injured-
in-jallikattu-at-
pudukottai-
district/article17
997728.ece
43 Keezhapazh 14 April The Hindu 3 - - - The event

ur village, 2017 (“Three was held
Ariyalur Grievously without
district, Injured in permission.
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu”) 260 bulls
were used.
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/three-
grievously-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18030074.ece
44 Raapusal 14 April The Hindu 37 - - - 590 bulls

village, 2017 (“Three were used.
Pudukottai Grievously
district, Injured in
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/three-
grievously-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18030074.ece


45 M Pudur 17 April Hindustan 80 2 - - A 28-year-

village, 2017 Times old
Sivaganga (“2 Dead, 80 engineering
district, Injured in graduate
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Event was gored
in Tamil Nadu”) to death.
http://www.hind
ustantimes.com/
india-news/2-
dead-80-injured-
in-jallikattu-
event-in-tamil-
nadu/story-
wODfbe7HAV
KKq85svJuB6O
.html
46 Thanjavur 20 April Zee News - - - - Thirty-four

village, 2017 (“Tamil Nadu: kilograms
Thanjavur Bull Used for of plastic
district, Jallikattu Had waste and
Tamil Nadu 38.4 kg of an LED
Plastic Bags, light bulb
LED Bulb in were
Stomach”) recovered
from a
http://zeenews.i bull’s
ndia.com/tamil- stomach.
nadu/tamil-
nadu-bull-used-
for-jallikattu-
had-38-4-kg-of-
plastic-bags-led-
bulb-in-
stomach-
1997747.html
47 Purathakudi 23 April The Hindu 25 - - - 550 bulls

alli district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/35-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18194194.ece


48 Adhanapatti 23 April The Hindu 9 - - - -

village, 2017 (“35 Injured in
Pudukkottai Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/35-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18194194.ece
49 Kokkudi 24 April The Hindu 27 - - 1 The bull

village, 2017 (“Jallikattu Bull died after
Ariyalur Fatally Hit by being hit by
district, Train”) a train. 300
Tamil Nadu bulls were
http://www.theh used.
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/jallika
ttu-bull-
killed/article181
97282.ece
50 Vadaseripat 3 May The Hindu 13 - - - 450 bulls

ti village, 2017 (“13 Injured in were used.
Thanjavur d Jallikattu”)
istrict,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/13-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18366337.ece
51 Thennakudi 7 May The Hindu 37 - - - 603 bulls

Thanjavur d Jallikattu”)
istrict,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/37-
injured-in-


jallikattu/article
18403345.ece
52 Nemmakott 10 May The Hindu 39 - - - 567 bulls

ai village, 2017 (“Over 40 were used.
Pudukottai Injured in
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/over-
40-injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18417549.ece
53 Elanthakuda 10 May The Hindu 3 - - - -

m village, 2017 (“Over 40
Ariyalur Injured in
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/over-
40-injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18417549.ece
54 Athoor 23 May The Hindu 42 - - - 300 bulls

Dindigul Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/42-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18527450.ece
55 Kandaradhit 28 May The Hindu 15 - - - 450 bulls

ham village, 2017 (“35 Injured in were used.
Ariyalur Jallikattu”)
district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-


national/tp-
tamilnadu/35-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18593363.ece
56 Thadikonda 28 May The Hindu 20 - - - 370 bulls

Ayyanar 2017 (“35 Injured in were used.
Thidal Jallikattu”)
village,
Pudukottai http://www.theh
district, indu.com/todays
Tamil Nadu -paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/35-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18593363.ece
57 Melur 29 May The Times of - 1 - - -

village, 2017 India
Madurai (“Bull-Tamer
district, Gored to Death
Tamil Nadu in Jallikattu-
Like Event in
Melur”)
http://timesofind
ia.indiatimes.co
m/city/madurai/
bull-tamer-
gored-to-death-
in-jallikattu-
like-event-in-
melur/articlesho
w/58887588.cm
s
58 Veeruchinn 29 May The Hindu 18 - - - 440 bulls

ampatti 2017 (“18 Injured in were used.
village, Jallikattu”)
Dindigul
district, http://www.theh
Tamil Nadu indu.com/news/
cities/Madurai/1
8-injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18598095.ece
59 Saruguvalay 1 June The Hindu - 1 - - -

apatti 2017


village, (“Jallikattu Bull

Madurai Gores Man to
district, Death”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/jallika
ttu-bull-gores-
man-to-
death/article186
85875.ece
60 Vaidhyanat 1 June The Hindu 62 - - - The event

hapuram 2017 (“80 Injured in was held
village, Jallikattu”) without
Ariyalur permission.
district, http://www.theh 235 bulls
Tamil Nadu indu.com/todays were used.
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/80-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18685628.ece
61 Pazhayapala 1 June The Hindu 18 - - - 481 bulls

yam village, 2017 (“80 Injured in were used.
alli district,
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/80-
injured-in-
jallikattu/article
18685628.ece
62 Avoor 25 June The Hindu 41 - - - 631 bulls

village, 2017 (“146 Injured at were used.
Pudukottai Jallikattu
district, Events”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/146-injured-
at-jallikattu-


events/article19
145621.ece
63 Mookampat 25 June The Hindu 30 - - - 825 bulls
ti village, 2017 (“146 Injured at were used.
Pudukottai Jallikattu
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/146-injured-
at-jallikattu-
events/article19
145621.ece
64 Kakkaperu 25 June The Hindu 10 - - - Two police

manadu 2017 (“146 Injured at constables
village, Jallikattu were
Pudukottai Events”) injured. 500
district, bulls were
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh used.
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/146-injured-
at-jallikattu-
events/article19
145621.ece
65 Karaivetti 25 June The Hindu 65 - - - 400 bulls

village, 2017 (“146 Injured at were used.
Ariyalur Jallikattu
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/146-injured-
at-jallikattu-
events/article19
145621.ece
66 Vaarapur 9 July The Hindu 90 - - - Six of the
village, 2017 (“90 Injured in seriously
Pudukottai Jallikattu”) injured
district, were rushed
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh to the
indu.com/news/ Pudukottai
national/tamil- Governmen
nadu/90-injured- t Hospital,
in- and four
jallikattu/article were
19244267.ece referred to


the
Thanjavur
Governmen
t Medical
College
Hospital.
67 Chittoor 15 India Today 20 - - - The victims

district, January (“Andhra who
Andhra 2018 Pradesh: 20 sustained
Pradesh Injured at head
Jallikattu Event injuries
in Chittoor”) were taken
to a local
https://www.indi hospital for
atoday.in/india/s treatment.
tory/andhra-
pradesh-20-
injured-at-
jallikattu-event-
in-chittoor-
1144914-2018-
01-15
68 Palamedu 15 The Hindu 25 1 - - 458 bulls

town, January (“One Dead at were used.
Madurai 2018 Palamedu
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/one-dead-
at-palamedu-
jallikattu/article
22442876.ece
69 Siravayal 16 The Hindu 50 2 - -

district, January (“Two
Tamil Nadu 2018 Spectators
Killed as
Jallikattu Bulls
Were Let Loose
in Siravayal”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
national/tamil-
nadu/two-
spectators-
killed-as-
jallikattu-bulls-


were-let-loose-
in-
siravayal/article
22450433.ece
70 Palakurichi 17 The Hindu 6 1 - - 503 bulls

village, January (“Tiruchi were used.
Tiruchi 2018 Records First
district, Casualty This
Tamil Nadu Year”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Coimbator
e/tiruchi-
records-first-
casualty-this-
year/article2245
4478.ece
71 Vanianvidut 17 The Hindu 4 - - -

hi village, January (“Tiruchi
Pudukottai 2018 Records First
district, Casualty This
Tamil Nadu Year”)
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Coimbator
e/tiruchi-
records-first-
casualty-this-
year/article2245
4478.ece
72 Puduchavad 17 The Hindu 4 - - - The event

i village, January (“Tiruchi was
Ariyalur 2018 Records First reportedly
district, Casualty This held
Tamil Nadu Year”) without
permission.
http://www.theh A case is
indu.com/news/ likely to be
cities/Coimbator filed against
e/tiruchi- the
records-first- organisers.
casualty-this-
year/article2245
4478.ece


73 Rachandar 17 The Hindu 1 - - -

Thirumalai January (“Tiruchi
village, 2018 Records First
Tiruchirapp Casualty This
ali district, Year”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Coimbator
e/tiruchi-
records-first-
casualty-this-
year/article2245
4478.ece
74 Vadamalap 18 NDTV - 1 - -
ur village, January (“5 Gored to
Pudukkottai 2018 Death at
district, Jallikattu Events
Tamil Nadu Held in Tamil
Nadu”)
https://www.ndt
v.com/tamil-
nadu-news/5-
gored-to-death-
at-jallikattu-
events-held-in-
tamil-nadu-
1801460
75 Pottireddipa 21 The Hindu 19 - - - A few bulls

tti village, January (“19 Injured in who were
Namakkal 2018 Jallikattu”) terrified
district, after the
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh event ran
indu.com/news/ into nearby
cities/Coimbator areas.
e/19-injured-in-
jallikattu/article
22484715.ece
76 Ulagampatti 22 The Hindu 26 - - - A seriously

village, January (“26 Injured in injured
Dindigul 2018 Jallikattu in tamer was
district, Dindigul referred to
Tamil Nadu Village”) Dindigul
Governmen
http://www.theh t Hospital
indu.com/news/ after
national/tamil- receiving
nadu/26-injured- first aid at


in-jallikattu-in- the village

dindigul- medical
village/article22 camp. His
491466.ece condition
was said to
be critical.
77 Rapoosal 23 Al Jazeera 90 2 - -
village, January (“Jallikattu:
Pudukkottai 2018 Two Gored to
district, Death in Bull-
Tamil Taming
Nadu. Festival”)
http://www.aljaz
eera.com/news/2
017/01/jallikattu
-gored-death-
bull-taming-
festival-
1701230859380
40.html
78 Purathakudi 31 The Hindu - - 1 - A bull fell

village, January (“Jallikattu Bull into a well
Tiruchirapp 2018 Recovering and was
alli district, Now”) injured after
Tamil Nadu participatin
http://www.theh g in the
indu.com/todays event. The
-paper/tp- animal
national/tp- sustained a
tamilnadu/jallika ligament
ttu-bull- tear and
recovering- swelling on
now/article2259 the right
9873.ece forelimb.
79 Naagiyamp 31 The Hindu 15 1 - - The event

atti village, January (“Man Killed was held
near 2018 During without
Thammamp Jallikattu”) permission.
atti, Salem
District, http://www.theh
Tamil Nadu indu.com/news/s
tates/man-killed-
during-
jallikattu/article
22613099.ece


80 Manapparai 4 NDTV 18 1 - -
town, February (“Bull Tamer
Tiruchirapp 2018 Killed at
alli district, Jallikattu Event
Tamil Nadu in Tamil Nadu’s
Tiruchirappalli”)
https://www.ndt
v.com/tamil-
nadu-news/bull-
tamer-killed-at-
jallikattu-event-
in-tamil-nadus-
tiruchirappalli-
1808527
81 Allur 4 New Indian - - 1 1 One bull

village, February Express died of
Tiruchirapp 2018 (“Tamil Nadu: cardiac
alli district, Bull Dies of arrest, a
Tamil Nadu Cardiac Arrest second was
During hit by a
Jallikattu”) train and
sustained
http://www.newi back
ndianexpress.co injuries,
m/states/tamil- and a third
nadu/2018/feb/0 fell into a 7-
5/tamil-nadu- metre-deep
bull-dies-of- well near
cardiac-arrest- the arena
during- and
jallikattu- sustained
1768498.html minor
bruises.
82 Thirukanoor 5 The Times of 14 - 1 1 A bull died
patti village, February India when he
Thanjavur 2018 (“Bull Tamer was
district, Dies After accidentally
Tamil Nadu Taking a Hit on strangled by
Chest During the noose
Jallikattu”) around his
neck in the
https://timesofin collection
dia.indiatimes.c yard. The
om/city/trichy/b injured bull
ull-tamer-dies- was hit by a
after-taking-a- train. 500
hit-on-chest- bulls were
during- used.
jallikattu/articles


how/62784423.c
ms
83 Pugayilaipat 7 Deccan 16 1 - -
ti, Dindigul February Chronicle
District, 2018 (“TN: Man
Tamil Nadu gored to death at
Jallikattu event
in Dindigul, 16
injured”)
https://www.dec
canchronicle.co
m/nation/current
-
affairs/070218/t
n-man-gored-to-
death-at-
jallikattu-event-
in-dindigul-16-
injured.html
84 Kosavapatti 9 The Hindu (“53 53 - - - 53 persons

village, February tamers injured in (38 tamers,
Dindigul 2018 jallikattu”) 15
District, spectators)
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh were
indu.com/news/ injured. 11
cities/Madurai/5 of those
3-tamers- injured
injured-in- were
jallikattu- referred to
dindigul/article2 Dindigul
2706548.ece Governmen
t Hospital
for
treatment.
85 Iyyampatti 11 The Hindu ("52 52 - - - Deputy
near February persons injured Chief
Chinnaman 2018 in jallikattu") Minister O.
ur, Theni Panneerselv
District, http://www.theh am
Tamil Nadu indu.com/news/ inaugurated
cities/Madurai/ja the event.
llikattu/article22
722898.ece
86 Maravapatti 11 The Hindu ("52 18 - - - Of 18, 6

in Dindigul February persons injured were
District, 2018 in jallikattu") grievously
Tamil Nadu injured.


http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Madurai/ja
llikattu/article22
722898.ece
87 Thirunallur 12 The Pioneer 66 - - 1 A bull

village, February (“Minister’s bull belonging
Pudukottai 2018 dies during to Health
District, jallikattu”) Minister C.
Tamil Nadu Vijaya
http://www.theh Baskar died
indu.com/todays after
-paper/tp- ramming
national/tp- head-on
tamilnadu/minist into a part
ers-bull-dies- of the vaadi
during- vaasal.
jallikattu/article
22725700.ece
88 Koothaippar 14 Times of India 27 - - - 484 bulls

town, February (“Death of were
Tiruchirapp 2018 Minister’s Bull registered,
alli District, Sparks Minor around 200
Tamil Nadu Changes in of whom
Vaadivasal) were not
used,
https://timesofin because of
dia.indiatimes.c time
om/city/trichy/d constraints.
eath-of-
ministers-bull-
sparks-minor-
changes-in-
vaadivasal/articl
eshow/6292348
1.cms
89 Vallam 14 DT Next 14 - - 1 The bull

town, February (“25 Tamers was killed
Thanjavur 2018 Injured, One by a
District, Bull Dead in collision
Tamil Nadu Jallikattu at with
Tiruchy, another
Thanjavur”) bull.
https://www.dtn
ext.in/News/Ta
milNadu/2018/0
2/15040036/106
1984/25-tamers-


injured-one-
bull-dead-in-
jallikattu-at-
Tiruchy-
.vpf?TId=11213
1
90 Alagumalai 18 Times of India 55 - - 1 A bull died

near February (“55 people after he fell
Palladam, 2018 injured, bull in a nearby
Tiruppur dead in canal.
District, Alagumalai
Tamil Nadu jallikattu”)
https://timesofin
dia.indiatimes.c
om/city/coimbat
ore/55-people-
injured-bull-
dead-in-
alagumalai-
jallikattu/articles
how/62974953.c
ms
91 Thavasimad 18 The Hindu (“15 15 - - - 434 bulls

ai village, February tamers injured in were used
Dindigul 2018 jallikattu”) and 300
District, tamers
Tamil Nadu http://www.theh participated
indu.com/news/ .
cities/Madurai/ja
llikattu/article22
789823.ece
92 Chatrapatti, 18 The Hindu (“38 38 - - - 735 bulls

Madurai February bull tamers were used.
District, 2018 injured”)
Tamil Nadu
http://www.theh
indu.com/todays
-paper/tp-
national/tp-
tamilnadu/38-
bull-tamers-
injured/article22
794037.ece
93 Sakkudi, 25 The Hindu (“48 48 - - - 927 bulls

Madurai February persons injured were used.
2018 in jallikattu”)


District,
Tamil Nadu www.thehindu.c
om/news/cities/
Madurai/jallikatt
u/article2285240
6.ece
94 Kavinaadu 25 The Hindu (“63 45 - - - 809 bulls

Kanmai February injured in were used
near 2018 jallikattu held in and 289
Tiruvappur, three districts”) tamers
Pudukottai participated
Distirct, http://www.theh .
Tamil Nadu indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/63-injured-
in-jallikattu-
held-in-three-
districts/article2
2855250.ece
95 Kallapatti 25 The Hindu (“63 12 - - - A Deputy

village in February injured in Superintend
Perambalur 2018 jallikattu held in ent of
District, three districts”) Police
Tamil Nadu named
http://www.theh Arumugam
indu.com/news/ was among
cities/Tiruchirap the 12
alli/63-injured- persons
in-jallikattu- injured.
held-in-three-
districts/article2
2855250.ece
96 Mangampat 25 The Hindu (“63 6 - - - 388 bulls

tipudur near February injured in were used
Uppiliapura 2018 jallikattu held in and 187
m, three districts”) tamers took
Tiruchirapp part.
alli District http://www.theh
indu.com/news/
cities/Tiruchirap
alli/63-injured-
in-jallikattu-
held-in-three-
districts/article2
2855250.ece
Total (up to 28 February 2018) 2,795 25 10 10 -


Although a few injuries to bulls have been documented by PETA India or mentioned
in the media, most injuries and deaths of animals during jallikattu events go
unreported. In fact, many bulls are injured during each event because participants twist
their tails, beat them, and even jab them with weapons, among other abuse. In just one year
– between January 2017 to February 2018 – 10 bulls and 25 humans died during jallikattu
events and 2,795 humans were injured. In January and February 2018 alone, 757 humans
have been injured, 10 humans and 5 bulls have lost their lives. Since these figures have
been taken from media reports currently available online, the actual figures are likely
higher. Many injuries to humans also go unreported.
So far in 2018, the total number of human deaths is 10. On 15 January 2018, a 19-year-old
tamer named S Kalimuthu, who had participated in one round of taming in a jallikattu
event in Palamedu, was watching bulls fleeing from the collection yard. Clueless that a bull
was charging in his direction behind him, he was gored to death. He was rushed to
Government Rajaji Hospital in Madurai but died on the way, according to a Times of India
article titled “Bull Gores Spectator to Death at Palamedu Jallikattu”, dated 16 January
2018. That man died because of apathy and negligence on behalf of event organisers and
district administration, who couldn’t ensure that bulls were restrained in the collection
yard. Twenty minutes of rest wasn’t given to bulls in the collection yard, and the broken
barricades weren’t erected again to avoid mishaps. Reportedly at a jallikattu event held in
Nagiyampatty near Thammampatty on 31 January 2018, a 25-year-old truck driver was
gored to death after a bull barged into the spectators’ gallery. According to a Times of
India news report, “Jallikattu Bull Barges Into Spectators, Gores 1 to Death”, dated 31
January 2018, “the bull pierced his stomach.” In addition, a bull tamer died in a jallikattu
event organised as a part of St Antony’s Church festival at Manjampatti near Manapparai
in Trichy district on 4 February 2018.
Jallikattu organisers and the district administration ignored most of the provisions of the
Act, Rules, and AWBI guidelines. A Times of India article, “Serious Flaw in Security
Measures Ends in Death of Four Spectators”, dated 17 January 2018, stated the following:
A serious flaw in security measures has resulted in the deaths of four spectators
during jallikattu events in Madurai, Sivaganga and Trichy. While the Animal
Welfare Board of India (AWBI) has laid down clear guidelines on the conduct of
such events pertaining to crowd management and safety within the arena, there
have been poor management of crowds that spill over at the “collection points”
where bull owners grab their animals after the game. In the last two days, four
spectators were killed when the bulls gored them at the collection points when
owners tried to rein them in.
At the jallikattu event in Kalingapatti that was investigated by PETA India, one man died
after a bull kicked him in his chest on 20 January 2018, as reported in a Times of India
article, “Jallikattu Victim Had Impersonated His Friend”, dated 23 January 2018. As per
the news report, Venkataprasad, 21, from Coimbatore was arrested for enrolling as a bull
tamer and then helping K Ranjith (from Muddukkupatti in Trichy) participate using his
name. The sport clearly cannot be regulated for humans either, as registered tamers
exchange their jerseys or T-shirts with others who aren’t registered to tame bulls. The
death of this unregistered tamer who impersonated his friend brought this rampant
malpractice to the fore.
So far, five bulls have died in jallikattu and related events in 2018. One died of a cardiac
arrest, as per to a New Indian Express article, “Tamil Nadu: Bull Dies of Cardiac Arrest


During Jallikattu”, dated 5 February 2018. It stated, “According to sources, when

Shunmugam of Allur tried to rein in his bull with a rope after it finished its run through the
vaadivasal, it fell unconscious. A veterinarian confirmed that the bull died of cardiac arrest.
Sources said the animal was weak and the melee all around could have taken a toll on the
animal.” This only reinstates that bulls undergo immense suffering and stress in jallikattu
and as seen in this incident, the mental suffering can be life-threatening. Reportedly,
another bull died from the tightening of a noose around his neck. In a Times of India’s
report, “Bull Tamer Dies After Taking a Hit on Chest in Jallikattu”, dated 5 February 2018,
stated, “A bull died after the noose around its neck tightened accidentally at the collection
point, the area where the bull would be handed back to its owner.”
Another bull’s death that made the headlines was one that belonged to Tamil Nadu Health
Minister C. Vijaya Baskar. As per The Hindu article, “Minister’s Bull Dies During
Jallikattu”, dated 12 February 2018, “A bull belonging to Health Minister C. Vijaya Baskar
died during a jallikkattu held at Thirunallur village near Illupur in the district on Sunday.”
Videos of the bull collapsing immediately after ramming into a corner portion of the vaadi
vaasal head-on went viral and was broadcast on TV news channels.
One of the latest bull to die in jallikattu this year belonged to M Rajkumar of Vadugakudi
village near Tiruvaiyaru. The news article of DTnext.in, dated 15 February 2018, “25
Tamers Injured, One Bull Dead in Jallikattu at Tiruchy, Thanjavur”, stated, “The bull was
running towards the bull collection point when it was hit by another bull. In the impact, the
former was grievously injured and died on the spot.”
The latest bull to die belonged to Karuppasamy of Pudukottai. The news article of Times of
India, dated 19 February 2018, “55 people injured, bull dead in Alagumalai jallikattu”,
stated, “But to put a dampener on the event, a bull died after it fell in a nearby canal. “At
the end of the bull’s run, the owner, Karuppasamy of Pudukottai, chased the bull to stop it.
Unfortunately, the bull fell into nearby canal and died,” said a police officer.”
In the short span of more than one month, events were held without necessary permission
from the District Administration. According to an article in The Hindu, “22-year-old
Tamer Dies Near Manapparai”, dated 20 January 2018, the jallikattu event at
Singarayapuram was organised without permission and the police said a case had been
registered against the organisers. A Times of India article, “Serious Flaw in Security
Measures Ends in Death of Four Spectators”, dated 17 January 2018, stated, “Sources said
hundreds of bulls were unleased in villages around Siravayal by villagers who could not
register their bulls.” Unleashing “hundreds of [unregistered] bulls” proves that the sport
cannot be regulated. In 2017, of the 65 events reported by the media, at least five did not
have the required permission from authorities mandated by the Tamil Nadu Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017. The jallikattu held at Puduchavadi
this year was reportedly held without permission, according to The Hindu news report,
“Tiruchi Records First Casualty This Year”, dated 17 January 2018, which stated, “Though
the event passed off peacefully in Puduchavadi, the police said the organisers had
conducted it without obtaining permission. A case is likely to be filed against them.” A 25-
year-old spectator reportedly died at the jallikattu held at Palakurichi village after he was
hit by one of the bulls released from the vaadi vaasal.
Fleeing bulls ramming into moving trains made headlines in 2017, and the occurrence did
not die down in 2018. A New Indian Express article titled “Bull Dies of Cardiac Arrest
During Jallikattu”, dated 5 February 2018, stated, “A bull, belonging to a person from
Illuppur in Pudukkottai district, which took part in the jallikattu suffered injuries on its


back when it was hit by Guruvayur Express. Though the bull completed its run, it could not
be controlled by the owners and ran up to six kilometers till Inamkulathur where the train
hit it. Noticing the bull, the loco pilot reduced the speed, and the animal escaped with
injuries. It was taken to a veterinary clinic nearby.” The article also stated, “Another bull
fell into a 23-feet-deep well close to the arena and sustained minor bruises. It was rescued
by fire and rescue services personnel.” A The Hindu article, “Jallikattu Bull Recovering
Now”, dated 31 January 2018, stated, “A bull, which fell into a well and sustained injuries
after participating in a jallikattu held at Purathakudi in the district, is recovering well,
according to veterinarians who attended to the animal. After the first aid and mild
anaesthesia, the bull was rescued and lifted from the well. The bull had suffered a ligament
tear and swelling around the fore arm and fore cannon regions of the right forelimb. The
veterinarians placed a splint with a bandage on the animal, before shifting it in the
ambulance from the spot to the house of James Peter [the bull owner].” Another bull was
reportedly hit by a train on the Trichy-Dindigul railway line after he ran from the jallikattu
event held at Thirukanoorpatti near Vallam in Thanjavur district, as reported in the Times
of India article, “Bull Tamer Dies After Taking a Hit on Chest in Jallikattu”, dated 5
February 2018.
It is pertinent to note that the number of animal and human injuries and deaths reported by
the media match PETA India’s observations during the nine jallikattu events, where cruelty
to bulls was rampant and the health and safety of animals and humans were ignored and
compromised. Within less than two months this year, jallikattu has caused 757 injuries
and ten deaths of humans, injured three bulls, and killed five. Thus, the observations
from PETA India’s investigation accurately represent the state of affairs in all the jallikattu
events being organised in Tamil Nadu under the jallikattu regulations.


VI. Other News About Jallikattu
A. Fox Jallikattu
Fox jallikattu was reportedly held in villages near Salem in 2018:
Sinnammanayakkanpalayam village (near Vazhappadi), Ranganoor village (on the
grounds of a local temple), and Kottavadi village. A 19 January 2018 Hindu’s news
report titled “Fox Jallikattu Held”, stated the following:
The Forest Department has slapped a fine of ₹ 15,000 each on four persons for
trespassing into the reserve forests near their villages in Vazhappadi block, and
catching a fox for the conduct of fox jallikattu during the Pongal festival
season. According to the department sources fox jallikattu is banned. Many in
Chinnammanaickenpalayam village, near Vazhappadi, catch foxes from the
forest and organise the jallikattu on the Kaanum Pongal Day. On Wednesday,
villagers took a fox in procession around the village. Later, they chased it after
tying its hind legs using a rope before letting it back into the forest.
Photo 147: A 19 January 2018 The Hindu news report titled, “Fox Jallikattu Held”


A 24 January 2018 report by the same publication, “Villagers Defy Ban, Conduct Fox
Jallikattu”, stated the following:
Unmindful of the forest department slapping a ban, the residents of Kottavadi

village near Vazhappadi organised fox jallikattu in connection with Pongal
celebrations on Tuesday. The local people managed to catch hold of a fox from
the reserve forest abutting the village by setting a net overnight. They
garlanded the fox and took it around the village. Later, the youth tied the hind
legs of the animal and chased it at the local Mariamman Temple ground. The
fox was later let into the reserve forest, the villagers said.
Photo 148: A 24 January 2018 The Hindu news report titled, “Villagers Defy Ban,
Conduct Fox Jallikattu”
PETA India contacted Tamil Nadu’s PCCF and CWLW Dr Melkani, Rampati (Addl
PCCF), DFO of Salem district R Kirubashankar, Wildlife Warden Shivakumar
Narayana, and the Officer-in-Charge of the forest area in Salem and Kalrayan forest
range. The culprits who organised the fox jallikattu on 16 January 2018 were fined,
and a case had been registered under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. No arrests
were made. Authorities said that they had identified the fox who was used in event on
16 January and that the animal had sustained minor injuries. The forest guards gave
first aid and released the animal back into the forest. The officer-in-charge informed
PETA India, that the guards were regularly patrolling in the nearby buffer zones of
Kalrayan forest range and Jarugumalai reserved forest range.


B. Franchise Format of Jallikattu in Trouble

The league-style jallikattu touted as Jallikattu Premier League ran into trouble after
jallikattu purists raised concerned over commercialisation of the rural pastime sport. A
5 January 2018 Economic Times news report titled “Bid to Present League-Style
Jallikattu Raises Few Hackles”, stated, “Groups such as Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Peravai
and Chennai Jallikattu Amaipu are in the midst of hectic plans to organise the sporting
event in the heart of the state’s capital, in a bid to raise the profile of what is largely
viewed a rural pastime.” Jallikattu Chennaiyil (Jallikattu in Chennai) that was
scheduled to kick off on 7 January 2018 has not been held.
C. AWBI Recall of Jallikattu Inspection Team

Reportedly, the 10-member jallikattu inspection team comprising of AWBI personnel
and animal activists was abruptly asked not to proceed with inspections of jallikattu
events. A 25 January 2018 Times of India news report titled “AWBI Recall of
Jallikattu Inspection Team Stirs Row”, stated, “The decision of the Animal Welfare
Board of India (AWBI) to stop two of its representatives from proceeding to Madurai
to observe jallikattu events has kicked up a controversy. Animal rights activists
Antony Rubin from Chennai and Nigel Otter from Nilgiris were in the five-member
team formed to observe the bull-taming sport and report to AWBI in a week but were
abruptly asked not to proceed.” The 10-member team headed by SK Mittal didn’t raise
any major issues in conduct of jallikattu at Avaniapuram, Palamedu, and Alanganallur
held in January this year. The news report stated, “A Chennai-based activist said that
the two were dropped as they were feared to expose the violence, which AWBI
wanted to avoid at this juncture.”
D. Mirror Now TV Exposes Cruelty in Jallikattu

The Mirror Now TV news channel reported that talcum powder was used to blind
bulls used in jallikattu and that lemons were squeezed into their eyes. The channel also
reported that media personnel were not allowed to visit places like vaadi vaasals.
Photo 150: A screen grab of the NewsX report that a 21-year-old woman was offered
as a prize for taming a bull in jallikattu


E. Video Clip Shows Woman as Prize for Taming a Bull in Jallikattu

A video clip of a man announcing that a 21-year-old woman would be given as a prize
to the person who tamed a bull during the jallikattu event held in Periya Anaikaraipatti
village near Vaiyampatti triggered an outcry on 15 January 2018. The video was
widely shared via mobile messaging platforms and on social media. According to a 15
January 2018 article in The Hindu, “Video Clip Offering Woman as Prize in Jallikattu
Triggers Outrage”, the man said, “A 21-year-old unmarried woman from Mettupatti in
Salem district will bring a bull along with her and whosoever tames the animal can
take the woman and the bull as gifts.”
Photo 150: TV grab of the NewsX reporting a 21-year-old girl offered as prize
for taming a bull in Jallikattu


VII. Conclusion and Recommendation

The findings of the 2018 investigation reveal rampant violations of The Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017; the Tamil Nadu Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017; and guidelines for the conduct of
jallikattu issued by AWBI on 5 January 2018, in the form of cruelty to bulls, such as
deliberately placing them in a terrifying situation, twisting and biting their tails, stabbing
and jabbing them with sickles and other weapons, hitting and jumping on them, tackling
them, forcing dehydrated and exhausted bulls who collapsed to participate, hitting bulls
with bare hands, and not providing them with basic necessities, including shade, water, and
feed. As a result, five bulls and 10 humans died and three bulls and 757 humans were
injured jallikattu events in Tamil Nadu in January and February this year. The District
Collectors, jallikattu committees, bull tamers, police, and spectators failed miserably to
ensure that state laws were obeyed, thereby subjecting the bulls to pain and suffering.
It should be noted that since The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu
Amendment) Act, 2017, gives a blanket exemption for jallikattu events under The
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, and the Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017, prescribe punishment for treating animals
cruelly only in the form of barring people from participating further in the event, people
abusing bulls during such events always get off scot-free. No fines or jail time have been
included to penalise or deter violators. This gives them, including the organisers who failed
to ensure adherence to the rules, a free pass to get away with violating these very basic
rules. This is one of the biggest flaws in this amendment to a central law, the very purpose
of which is to prevent the abuse and unnecessary suffering of animals and to punish those
who are responsible for it.
PETA India’s investigation has proved that no amount of regulation can be enforced in
jallikattu, since cruelty is inherent in such events and the bulls are subjected to immense
physical and mental trauma. The investigation into the nine jallikattu events shows that the
regulations in The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017,
The Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017 and
the conduct of jallikattu guidelines issued by AWBI on 5 January 2018 are impractical and
are bound to be violated.
The interim orders and guidelines of the Supreme Court of India from 2008 onwards were
brazenly flouted at all jallikattu events which were previously inspected by the AWBI, and
even those guidelines which were followed were not sufficient to prevent the suffering of
animals or injuries to humans. The evidence gathered during those inspections, too, proved
that no regulation can or will protect bulls from misery. The statistics shared by the AWBI
state that as many as 43 people died during jallikattu events between 2008 and 2014. Four
bulls also died during that same period. That’s the reason, through its 2014 judgment, that
the Honourable Supreme Court banned jallikattu and stated that when culture and tradition
are at variance with the law enacted by Parliament, the law will take precedence.
There is so much more to the Pongal festival than taunting bulls, including praying,
singing, garlanding and decorating bulls, eating sweets, providing God with offerings, and
doing charitable deeds. The purpose of the festival is to give thanks to nature and celebrate
life, and that’s not something that can be achieved by tormenting bulls and causing humans
and bulls to get injured and die.


Animal torture cannot be regulated, and regulations cannot negate the fundamental cruelty
of deliberately tormenting bulls. Many peer-reviewed papers demonstrate a link between
the actions of humans and the fear, distress, and pain experienced by other species.
Research has shown that handling animals roughly or abusively compromises their welfare
and increases their fear of humans. Bulls who are pushed, hit, prodded, or otherwise
abused during jallikattu suffer mentally as well as physically. The ban imposed by the
Supreme Court of India must be continued in order to prevent bulls from enduring cruelty
and dying as well as to protect humans from getting hurt and being killed.

INVESTIGATION INTO
Jallikattu Events
14–28 JANUARY 2018

Peta Investigation Into Jallikattu Events 14-28 January 2018: White Paper Required - Abhishek Kadyan

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INVESTIGATION INTO

14–28 JANUARY 2018

II. Executive Summary ………………………………………………. 4

III. Observations and Findings ...……………………………………... 5

A. Avaniapuram Jallikattu ……………………………………... 8

B. Palamedu Jallikattu ………………………………………… 26

C. Alanganallur Jallikattu ……………………………………… 37

D. Panjampatti T Jallikattu ...…………………………………... 46

E. Periya Suriyur Jallikattu ...………………………………….. 57

F. Pothametuppatty Jallikattu ...……………………………….. 62

G. Kalingapatti Jallikattu ………………………………………. 71

H. Ulagampatti Jallikattu ………………………………………. 76

I. Chettipalayam Jallikattu ...………………………………….. 80

IV. Apparent Legal Violations ...……………………………………... 84

V. Review of Human and Animal Casualties ………………………... 94

VII. Conclusion and Recommendation ...……………………………… 129

I. Details of the Investigations

Jallikattu Events Covered

Objectives of the Investigation

II. Executive Summary

III. Observations and Findings

Jallikattu General Observations Interpretations in

Holding Many bulls were found to be dehydrated and/or Compromised bulls’

In the queue leading to the vaadi vaasal most of Compromised bulls’

Bulls were roughly handled and restrained using

Many bulls collapsed on the ground from

Vaadi To provoke the bulls to adopt a “fight or flight” Compromised bulls’

Bulls’ nostrils bled, and animals were even forced

motorbikes, bicycles, gold and silver coins, mobile

Inside the arena, some bull tamers hung from the

Tamers held on to bulls’ horns, which is

According to state law, “participants shall be

Although police officers and riot-control forces

After mobs of spectators broke and trampled the

Similar to the incidents in the bull-run areas, the Compromised bulls’

Parallel jallikattu also took place outside the

Many bulls collapsed on the ground from

Photo 6: A tamer is gored by a bull in the arena.

Photo 7: A bull leaps over a tamer in the arena.

Photo 9: Two tamers hold on to the horns of a bull.

Photo 15: A tamer attempts to protect himself from an agitated bull.

Photo 20: Seven tamers attempt to tame a bull in the arena.

Photo 28: A bull is restrained on a street outside the collection yard.

Photo 42: Five tamers pounce on a lone bull.

Photo 52: Cruel restraining of a bull outside the collection yard

Photo 57: A spectator indulges in parallel jallikattu in the bull-run area.

Photo 58: Parallel jallikattu in the bull-run area

Photo 59: Parallel jallikattu underway in the bull-run area

Photo 62: A bull is beaten by spectators in the bull-run area.

Photo 66: Spectators beat a bull in the bull-run area.

Photo 67: A bull runs right through a bull-run area barricade.

Photo 68: A bull runs right through a bull-run area barricade.

Photo 72: A bull is cruelly captured outside the bull-run area.

E. Periya Suriyur Jallikattu

Photo 96: An injured man injured is taken away on a stretcher.

Photo 101: A bull is beaten by spectators outside the collection yard.

Photo 103: A bull is beaten by spectators outside the collection yard.

Photo 111: A bull gores a tamer in the arena.

Photo 112: Four tamers pounce on a bull in the arena.

Photo 116: Parallel jallikattu takes place in the collection yard.

Photo 117: A bull tramples a portion of the bull-run area barricade.

Photo 118: A bull is captured on a local resident’s property.

Photo 127: There were no double barricades in arena or bull-run area.