Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Do all cells have the same structure? Why? [An efficiency apartment is a one-room apartment. This one room is where you sleep, eat, shower, and entertain your guests. It all happens in one room. Ic is a simple way of living in a small space. A mansion, is a large, complex living space with many separate rooms. There are rooms for cooking, eating, sleeping, bathing, reading, watching TY, entertaining guests, exercising, and storage. The rooms in a ma constructed for the specific things you would like co be able to do. You can live in simple efficiency or complexity. In this activity we will be looking at cells that are as simple as a one-room efficiency apart ment or as complex as a mansion. re Model 1 — Three Types of Bacterial Cells _— Gytoplasm Free floating DNA coceus Ribosomes ve-floating DNA. cell wal SS Call membrane Free-floating DNA bacillus + Cell wall Ribosomes Cyroplasm \ Flagellum 1, The three bacterial shapes in Model 1 ate referred to as coc (rod). Label the dia (sphere), spirilluim, and bacillus grams in Model 1 with the correct descriptions. 2. What is represented by the small dots found in each of the bacteria cells? Ribosomes 3. What is the name of the outermost layer that forms a boundary around the outside of each cell? Cell Wall 4, How is the DNA described and what does this mean? It is described as free-floating since they float freely in the cytoplasm since they have no nucleus Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells,5. All the internal structures are suspended (floating) in what subsea cytoplasm 6. One of the bacteria in Model 1 has a taiblike structure a. Wha ructure called? hai this structure calle? eta gettum b, What might be the purpose of this structure? Ithelps the cell to move «. Based on your answer to the previous question, what might you infer about the absence of this structure in the other two bacteria cells? Other two cells would not move as much as the cell with Flagellum Model 2 — Animal and Plant Cells ‘Animal Cell Plane Cell _— Call membrane Nuclear membrane: _—-DNAN_ 7 Nueleolus~ Chloroplse | Gyros —Eaappisie— Ribosomes (ice orattached) “— Iysosome ~Mitachondsia— (7 ___—veside Golgi apparatus Large permanent vacuole Cal wall a ®S 7. Looking at Model 2, list at least chree structural differences (other than shape) between an animal anda plant cell. sanent vacuole, and Cell wall exist only in plant cells. Chloroplast, Large per i animal cells. Lysosome and Ves 8. Where do you find the DNA in each cell in Model 2 In the nucleus 9. Do both cells in Model 2 have a nucleus? Yes 2 POGIL™ Activities for High School Biology10. Lise the structure(s) chat form the boundary between the inside and the outside of each cell in Model 2. In plant cell, outermost part is cell wall. In animal cell, outermost part is cell membrane 11. Whats differene about the outermost boundary in a plant cell compared to an animal cell? While the plant cell has both cell wall and cell membrane, the animal cell has only cell membrane. 12. Decide as a group whether the cells in Model 1 or 2 are more complex and lis atleast three supporting reasons for your choice. Model 2 is more complex since they have more structures, they are bigger, and they are able to do more functions. Model 3 — Structural Comparisons Word Part ‘Meaning pro karyon 13. Use the chart in Model 3 to determine the meaning of the word prokaryote. No nucleus 14. What does the word eukaryote mean? With nucleus 15. Based on the above word definitions, label the cells in Model | and Model 2 as prokaryotic or cukaryotic. Model 1 are prokaryotic and Model 2 are eukaryotic 16. By comparing Model 1 and Model 2, what structures are the same in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? They both have DNA, cell membranes, ribosomes, and cytoplasm 17. What differences are there between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? The DNA in a prokaryotic cell are free-floating while the DNA in eukaryotic cells stay in a nucleus Prokaryoric and Eukaryotic Cells18, Refer to Models 1 and 2 to complete the chart below. Write yes or no in the box for each cel Bacterial Cell | Animal Cell | Plant Cell All Cells ‘Cell Membrane. Yes Yes ‘Yes Yes Ribosome Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyroplasm Yes Yes Yes Yes Mitochondria No Yes Yes No Nucleolus No Yes Yes No ‘Nucleus No Yes Yes No DNA Yes Yes Yes Yes Cell Wall Yes No Yes No Prokaryotic Yes No No No Eukaryotic No Yes Yes No 19. Asa group, write a definition for a prokaryotic cel It is a bacterial cell that has free-floating DNA and no nucleus. 20. As a group, write a definition for a eukaryotic cell It is a plant or animal cell that does not have free-floating DNA but does have a nucleus: 21. Complete the phrase below. Each member must contribute one complete sentence. The words prokaryotic and eukaryotic must be used: All cells are not the same because. the internal structure of each cell are not same. For example, prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus while eukaryotic cells have nucleus. Between animal and plant cells, differences exist, such as chloroplast, large vacuole, and cell wall that only exist in plant cells. 22. As a group, discuss the opening analogy of an efficiency apartment and a mansion as it relates to cdlls. Record your final consensus of how this analogy applies to cel structure. Basic components that are needed for survival exist in cell or apartment. However, the whole structures are different from cell (apartment) to @ agains ouerencs. 4 POGIL™ Activities for High School BiologyExtension Questions 23. Whac effect do you expect the structural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes to have on their functions? Explain in detail Since prokaryotes do not have many organelles, the functions that they can do would be limited. Prokaryotes cannot do as many things as eukaryotes do. 24, With as much detail as possible, give another example of an analogy for describing the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells are to eukaryotic cells as an abacus to a calculator. Prokaryoric and Eukaryotic Cells25, Complete the chart by describing the funetion and structure in exch eel Structural adaptation(s) that enable Call Type: Taaction the cell to carry out its function. Roor hair cel from a plant Water Absorths water Soil particles and minerals The surface areas of contact are maximized. Muscle cell To contract or expand muscles Lots of fibers can give extra strength Nerve cell Branched endings called i Fras nals | dendrites fo send messages a BI effectively t Sperm cell pee val Pointed end to be able to Transport hi & ia male genes to the DeneratethecegS PT) coillof mitochondria Fi long tail to swim efficiently Head female's egg to the egg 6 POGIL™ Activities for High School Biology