Course Name : DJM 5103 POWER ELECTRONICS

Course Lecturer: EN AZMI B IBRAHIM

EN TAN POH CHUAR
Experiment 1 : SCR COMMUTATION(SWITCHING OFF) CIRCUITS

NAME MATRIX NUMBER

TAN KIEN HAU 01DEM16F1004

ONG KANG WEI 01DEM16F1006

LEE ZHI SHERN 01DEM16F1038

MUHAMMAD ZULHILMI B FAZLI 01DEM16F1007

MUHAMMAD AFIF B AZMAN 01DEM16F1028

 INDEX

CONTENT PAGE

LEARNING OUTCOMES 3

EQUIPMENT/ APPARATUS 3-4

SAFETY AND HEALTH 4

THEORY 5-6

PROCEDURES 7

RESULT 7

DISCUSSION 8

CONCLUSION 8

REFERENCES 9
1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this experiment, the student should be able to;

i) Explain the operation of commutation circuits.

ii) Construct the commutation circuit by using SCR.

2.0 EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS

N Equipment Picture
o
1 Resistor 470kΩ

2 Resistor 1kΩ

3 SCR 2N5061
4 12V DC MOTOR

5 WIRE
3.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH

3.1 General Precautions

a. Be calm and relaxed, while working in lab.
b. Keep the work area neat and clean.
c. Be sure about the locations of fire extinguishers and first aid kits in lab.

3.2 Precautions to be taken before powering the circuit.

a. Check for the connections of the circuit and scope connections before
powering the circuit, to avoid shorting or any ground looping that may lead to
electrical shocks or damages of equipment.

b. Check if you have connected load at the output.

c. Double check your wiring and circuit connections. It is a good idea to use a
point- to-point wiring diagram to review when making these checks.

4.0 Theory
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a three terminal semiconductor switching device which
can be used as controlled switch to perform various functions such as rectification, inversion and
regulation of power flow.

Like the diode, SCR is a unidirectional device ,i.e. it will only conduct current in one direction
only, but unlike a diode, the SCR can be made to operate as either an open-circuit switch or as a
rectifying diode depending upon how its gate is triggered.

SCR can be turned off by applying a reverse bias for enough time to allow the SCR to recover its
forward blocking ability. A typical complementary commutation circuit uses the main SCR1 and
complimentary SCR2 in parallel with SCR1. The triggering of one SCR turns off the other SCR.
The actions can be described in the following modes:
Mode 1:

SCR1 is turned on by a gate pulse. Load current flows from battery to load1 through SCR1,
along with a capacitor charging current flow from battery through load2, capacitor C, and SCR1.
Current will charge capacitor C to the battery voltage with polarity as shown in figure 1a.

Figure 1a: Drawing circuit

Mode 2:

A gate pulse is applied to SCR1, turning it on. The capacitor voltage now appears as reverse bias
across SCR1 and turns it off. In this mode load current flows from battery through load 1,
capacitor C , and SCR2. This charging current change the capacitor to supply voltage with
reverse polarity. When SCR1 is turned on in the next cycle, the voltage across C reverses biases
SCR2 and turns it off. The above cycle of events are repeated in the subsequent cycle.
5.0 PROCEDURES:

5.1 The circuit is constructed as show in figure 1b.

Figure 1b: Drawing circuit

5.2 S1 is switched on and the motor is observer. Is the motor rotating?

5.3 S1 is switched off and the motor is observer again. Is the motor still rotating? If yes, explain
why.

5.4 S2 is switched on and the motor is observer. Is the motor still rotating? If not, explain why.

Result

5.2 : Yes. The motor is in on mode.

5.3 : : The motor is still rotating because the presence of forward current (after the SCR is turned
on by a suitable gate voltage) it will not turn off even after the gate voltage has been removed.
The thyristor will only turn off when the forward current drops below holding current.The
holding current is defined as the minimum current required to hold the SCR in the forward
conduction state.

5.4 : The motor stop rotating. It is because of Reverse Blocking Mode activated from switch 2.

Discussion
The SCR undergoes Forward Conducting Mode. When the small amount of positive voltage is
applied to gate terminal, while positive voltage is applied to anode with respect to cathode, the
junction J3 becomes forward biased.so the SCR acts as a closed switch and conducts a large
value of forward current with small voltage drop with the application of gate signal the SCR
changed from forward blocking state to forward conducting state. It is called as latching. In the
presence of forward current ( after the SCR is turned on by a suitable gate voltage) it will not
turn off even after the gate voltage has been removed. The thyristor will only turn off when the
forward current drops below holding current the holding current is defined as the minimum
current required to hold the SCR in the forward conduction state.

When S2 Is switch on , The motor stop rotating. It is because the SCR is in reverse blocking
mode. When a negative voltage is applied to anode with respect to cathode, the junctions J1 and
J3 are reverse biased, but the junction J2 is forward biased.The SCR is in its reverse blocking
state. It acts as an open switch.

Conclusion

The silicon control rectifier (SCR) consists three P-N junctions three terminals. The anode
terminal of an SCR is connected to the p-type material of a PNPN structure, and the cathode
terminal is connected to the n-type layer, while the gate of the SCR is connected to the p-type
material nearest to the cathode. It can be said that the circuit using SCR is in forward Conducting
mode , when the switch s1 is on .the motor is rotating , and when it is turned off , the circuit still
flowing due to the Forward voltage and it is turned off when s2 is pressed which activated
Reverse Blocking Mode.
9.0 References

1) C. A. Last edited : 2018, January 13. Silicon controlled rectifier. Retrieved

on :January 22, 2018, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_controlled_rectifier
2) E. T. (2017, January 18). Thyristor Basics Tutorial. Retrieved January 22,
2018, from http://www.completepowerelectronics.com/thyristor/
3) Tutorial, E. (2017, December 17). Thyristor or Silicon Controlled Rectifier
Tutorial. Retrieved January 22, 2018, from https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/power/thyristor.html
4) Chuar, T. P. (n.d.). Lab Sheet Power Electronics (2nd ed.).