Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Directions: Complete a truth table for each exercise. Identify any tautologies and equivalent
basic statements (i.e., NOT, AND, OR, IF-THEN, IFF, etc.) where appropriate.
1. (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ ~𝑝
𝑝 𝑞 𝑝∧𝑞 ~𝑝 (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 ) ∨ ~𝑝
T T T F T
T F F F F
F T F T T
F F F T T
Equivalent to 𝑝 → 𝑞
2. ~𝑞 → (~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)
𝑝 𝑞 ~𝑞 ~𝑝 ~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 ~𝑞 → (~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 )
T T F F T T
T F T F F F
F T F T T T
F F T T T T
Equivalent to 𝑝 → 𝑞
𝑝 𝑞 ~𝑝 ~𝑝 → 𝑞 ~𝑞 ~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞 (~𝑝 → 𝑞 ) ∨ (~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞 )
T T F T F F T
T F F T T F T
F T T T F F T
F F T F T T T
Tautology
Prof. Fowler
4. [ 𝑝 ∧ (𝑞 ∨ ~𝑟) ] → (~𝑝 ∧ 𝑞)
Prof. Fowler
5. [ (~𝑞 ∧ 𝑝) → 𝑟 ] ↔ [ (~𝑟 → ~𝑞) ∨ 𝑝 ]
Prof. Fowler
6. { 𝑟 ∧ [ (~𝑠 ∨ 𝑞) ↔ ~𝑝 ] } → [ ~(~𝑞 ↔ 𝑟) → (𝑠 ∧ ~𝑟) ]
{ 𝑟 ∧ [ (~𝑠 ∨ 𝑞) ↔ ~𝑝 ] } →
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑠 ~𝑠 ~𝑠 ∨ 𝑞 ~𝑝 (~𝑠 ∨ 𝑞) ↔ ~𝑝 𝑟 ∧ [ (~𝑠 ∨ 𝑞) ↔ ~𝑝 ] ~𝑞 ~𝑞 ↔ 𝑟 ~(~𝑞 ↔ 𝑟) ~𝑟 𝑠 ∧ ~𝑟 ~(~𝑞 ↔ 𝑟) → (𝑠 ∧ ~𝑟)
[ ~(~𝑞 ↔ 𝑟) → (𝑠 ∧ ~𝑟) ]
T T T T F T F F F F F T F F F T
T T T F T T F F F F F T F F F T
T T F T F T F F F F T F T T T T
T T F F T T F F F F T F T F T T
T F T T F F F T T T T F F F T T
T F T F T T F F T T T F F F T T
T F F T F F F T F T F T T T T T
T F F F T T F F F T F T T F F T
F T T T F T T T T F F T F F F F
F T T F T T T T T F F T F F F F
F T F T F T T T T F T F T T T T
F T F F T T T T F F T F T F T T
F F T T F F T F F T T F F F T T
F F T F T T T T T T T F F F T T
F F F T F F T F F T F T T T T T
F F F F T T T T F T F T T F F T
Prof. Fowler