Chapter 1

Theoritical concepts of Technology

1.1 Technology
In short technology is the application of the knowledge for practical ends. Technology can be defined as
the practical implementation of learning and knowledge by individuals and organizations to aid human
endeavor. Technology is the knowledge, products, processes, tools, and systems used in the creation of
goods or in the provision of services. The process of technology starts from scientifc discovery stage.
After that a new idea is invented or created. When that idea is commercialized than innovation take
place. After succesful innovation of ideas, it becomes technology.

The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The prehistoric discovery of
how to control fire and the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food and the
invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment. Developments in
historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical
barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. The steady progress
of military technology has brought weapons of ever-increasing destructive power, from clubs to nuclear
weapons.

Technology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global
economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted
by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment.
Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions of the ethics of
technology. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, and
the challenges of bioethics.

Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether
technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar
reactionary movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it harms the environment
and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view
continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.
1.2 Evolution of Technology
The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Before the 20th
century, the term was uncommon in English, and usually referred to the description or study of the
useful arts. The term was often connected to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (chartered in 1861). The term "technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in
connection with the Second Industrial Revolution. The term's meanings changed in the early 20th
century when American social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated ideas from the
German concept of Technik into "technology." In German and other European languages, a distinction
exists between technik and technologie that is absent in English, which usually translates both terms as
"technology." By the 1930s, "technology" referred not only to the study of the industrial arts but to the
industrial arts themselves.

In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines,
utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills
by which we produce and use them." Bain's definition remains common among scholars today,
especially social scientists. Scientists and engineers usually prefer to define technology as applied
science, rather than as the things that people make and use. More recently, scholars have borrowed from
European philosophers of "technique" to extend the meaning of technology to various forms of
instrumental reason, as in Foucault's work on technologies of the self (techniques de soi).

Dictionaries and scholars have offered a variety of definitions. The Merriam-Webster Learner's
Dictionary offers a definition of the term: "the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent
useful things or to solve problems" and "a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by
technology." Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture, gave another definition
of the concept; it is "practice, the way we do things around here." The term is often used to imply a
specific field of technology, or to refer to high technology or just consumer electronics, rather than
technology as a whole. Bernard Stiegler, in Technics and Time, 1, defines technology in two ways: as
"the pursuit of life by means other than life," and as "organized inorganic matter."
Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the
application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology refers
to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. It is a far-reaching term that may
include simple tools, such as a crowbar or wooden spoon, or more complex machines, such as a space
station or particle accelerator. Tools and machines need not be material; virtual technology, such as
computer software and business methods, fall under this definition of technology. W. Brian Arthur
defines technology in a similarly broad way as "a means to fulfill a human purpose." The word
"technology" can also be used to refer to a collection of techniques. In this context, it is the current state
of humanity's knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems,
fulfill needs, or satisfy wants; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw
materials. When combined with another term, such as "medical technology" or "space technology," it
refers to the state of the respective field's knowledge and tools. "State-of-the-art technology" refers to
the high technology available to humanity in any field. The invention of integrated circuits and the
microprocessor (here, an Intel 4004 chip from 1971) led to the modern computer revolution.

Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture. Additionally, technology is the
application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known. A modern example is the
rise of communication technology, which has lessened barriers to human interaction and as a result has
helped spawn new subcultures; the rise of cyberculture has at its basis the development of the Internet
and the computer.Not all technology enhances culture in a creative way; technology can also help
facilitate political oppression and war via tools such as guns. As a cultural activity, technology predates
both science and engineering, each of which formalize some aspects of technological endeavor.
1.3 Technology in the Medical & Healthcare field
Over the centuries, new medical developments and techniques have changed the face of healthcare. The
medical field has always brought together the best and brightest of society to help those in need. From
treating cancer and delivering babies to dealing with heart attacks, doctors have developed technology
and improved techniques. The problem modern doctors face is a broken medical system and rigid
insurance companies. They have managed to work through these difficulties to provide excellent patient
care and successful new techniques. As biomedical research improves, doctors will be better at tackling
health problems in a cost-effective way. The three main changes that are revolutionizing the medical
field are electronic medical records, population science and clinical practice guidelines.

Population science is essentially the study of health and illness within groups. In the past, public health
workers primarily applied this field of study during outbreaks. Now, new technology has enabled the
study of population science to revolutionize the medical field. By evaluating patients on a large scale,
physicians can look at the death rate, life span and frequency of illness throughout the healthcare system.
On an individual basis, the physician can treat an illness. When the entire population is considered,
issues such as cancer, heart disease and obesity are a growing epidemic. Population science can allow
doctors to look at a large-scale way to cure these epidemics instead of just treating an individual. These
epidemiological principles are now used in clinical studies to make the evaluation of medical procedures
better.

Evidence-based guidelines allow doctors to figure out the likely causes of a symptom and the best way
to treat it. In Taiwan, the national health care system is now designed so that doctors have instant access
to these statistics from their computer. As the field of healthcare has changed, new diseases and
disorders have developed. It is impossible for one doctor to know how to recognize and treat every
disease in the world. With evidence-based guidelines, they can come close. These guidelines may not
have a perfect success rate, but they can make diagnosing illness easier.

Electronic Medical Records Healthcare professionals who work with medical billing and coding know
the strides technology has made. In the last few decades, medical billing and coding has switched from
being a paper-based system to a computerized format. Under HIPAA laws, medical practitioners had to
develop new software in order to send out electronic bills. Doctors are benefiting immensely from the
drive toward electronic medical records. With one touch of a button, doctors can access all the care a
patient has ever received and can figure out possible illnesses. Another benefit of this new technology is
that it enables statistical documentation of the whole population. It can also help to make the healthcare
system more transparent and can be integrated with reimbursement data. As the healthcare system
changes, this will prevent unnecessary costs and make it easier to get the reimbursements needed to treat
a patient.

Using the ICD-10 in a Medical Practice Known as the International Statistical Classification of
Diseases, the ICD-10 is the latest revision of this diagnostic tool. Basically, this classification allows
illnesses, unusual findings, external causes and symptoms to be coded. It encompasses 14,400 different
codes, as well as additional sub-classifications. The World Health Organization provides information
online and offers ICD-10 training for doctors. In the United States, the ICD-10 includes additional codes
that amounts to a total of 76,000. This tool is able to trace diagnoses and allows a country to track its
morbidity rate. It is used to retrieve and store diagnostic information. If they wish to start using the
ICD-10, clinics often have to install new software. Once this is done, all of the staff members must be
trained and educated on how to follow set guidelines. Before a practice begins using the ICD-10, they
should check the storage space required and look for online training programs. Many association
websites can offer instruction. Other items, like patient kiosks, can help to improve the efficacy of the
new software.

In an increasingly digitally connected world, new technology allows the field of healthcare to make
drastic changes that streamline the system. Software programs enable population statistics to be tracked
and can help with diagnoses. In addition, new billing methods and tracking procedures make it easier to
identify a patient’s past treatments Overall, this reduces the amount of paperwork, increases the rate of
successful treatments and allows practitioners to look at the entire population when treating an epidemic.
Despite all of these new developments, it is still depends on the physician to ensure quality healthcare.
When it comes to treatment, all of the best tools in the world can only help if the doctor is skilled
enough to perform a certain procedure.
 Chapter 2

Technologies of Al Haramin Hospital

2.1 AL HARAMAIN Hospital at a glance

Al Haramain Hospital Pvt. Ltd. is a Private Corporate Hospital, owned by Al Haramain Group of
Company located in the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Al Haramain Hospital Pvt. Ltd. established in 2017
is a hospital designed to provide quality health care to the people of Sylhet in particular, and people of
the division and beyond in general. Presently it is a 250 Bed hospital, with an expansion plan to increase
it to 500 bed, and Establish a Medical College and a Nursing Institute in future. It has almost all Medical
and Surgical specialties. Al Haramain Hospital is an eleven storey building built on one acre of land, and
has 120,000 square feet of total floor space. The Hospital is a sister concern of the world renowned
perfume brand Al Haramain. Al Haramain Hospital has all the characteristics of a world-class hospital
with a wide range of services and a diversity of specialists, equipment and technology. The Hospital
showcases a synergy of medical technology and advances in IT through paperless medical records. The
skilled nurses, technologists and administrators of Al Haramain Hospital, aided by state-of- the-art
equipment, provide a congenial infrastructure for the medical professionals in providing healthcare to
international standards.

Mission

The mission of Al Haramain Hospital is to provide quality health services and facilities for the
community, to promote wellness, torelieve suffering and to restore health as swiftly, safely, and
humanely as possible, consistent with the best service we can give and at the highest value.
Vision

The vision of Al Haramain Hospital is to lead the evolution of healthcare and be the most trusted health
service provider in Bangladesh.

Core Values

 Progressive: We are Progressive in service to our patients and local communities, and a national
leader in healthcare service provision.
 Service: We provide every patient and his or her loved ones with unparalleled, exceptional
service in an environment that is both responsive and healing.
 Compassion: We provide compassionate care with dignity, concern, kindness and respect for the
diversity of our community.
 Excellence: We desire for our customers’ experience at Al Haramain Hospital to be unique
because it is the BEST. We value our customers’ feedback and act on it in order to meet and
exceed the community’s expectations of our services.
 Dignity: We recognize every life as a gift from Allah (SWT). Each individual life is inherently
valued and as such, we treat every life with the utmost dignity.

Specialities
Al Haramain Hospital is committed to provide exceptional patient care in a wide range of medical
specialities. Below are the program and services they offer through the most experienced and specialized
doctor:

 General Surgery
 Cardiology
 Urology
 Radiology & Imaging
 Neurosurgery
  Neurology
 Orthopedics
 Nephrology
 Internal Medicine
 Neonatology
 Gastroenterology
 Gynaecology
 Dental
 Pediatrics
 ENT

Slogan

“Excellect Care for the Creator’s Best Creation”

Social Media
 Website: www.alharamainhospitalbd.com
 Email: alharamainhospital@gmail.com
 Facebook: facebook.com/alharamainhospitalbd
 Instragram: instagram.com/alharamainhospitalbd
 Twitter: twitter.com/alharamainhospitalbd
 Linkedin: linkedin.com/company/alharamainhospitalbd
 Google Plus: google.com/+alharamainhospitalbd

Emergency Contact: +88 0821 72777 & +88 0821 729981-9