A Practical Summer Training Report

On

Construction of class A type of school building

and 9 unit staff qtrs for kendriya vidyalya at
karauli.
In

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT(CPWD),JAIPUR

Submitted as a Partial fulfillment of the B.Tech program

In CIVIL ENGINEERING of

Rajasthan Technical University,Kota

SESSION 2012-13
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTEDBY :-

PROF.(DR.) SUDHIR KUMAR PAWAN KUMAR MEENA

HEAD OF DEPT.CIVIL ENGINEERING B.TECH 4thyear(CIVIL) ROLL NO.= 09EVVCE033

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(EAST), JAIPUR

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Mr. KELASH RAM MEENA(JEN) and all the staff, site
managementof CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT(CPWD) For my great knowledgeful
practical summer training at the construction site, laboratory, and testing plant site and also
at office work formalities.

I am greatful to Mr. KELASH RAM MEENA and other staff of CPWD as well as security guards
etc. who given the guidance and extend their support during my summer training

I am also thankful to all who helped me to complete my training successfully.

I am thankful to respected Principal sir Mr. M. Raisinghani, Ms. LatikaDhuria (Head Training &
Placement),Mr.(dr.) sudhir kumar (head civil), Mr. NarianMeghnani, Mr. Yuvraaj Singh (Head
Training & Placement-CIVIL )and other faculties and staff of college for their support and
guidance.

I am also thankful to my mother and father who has encouraged from time to time for the
same.

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 PREFACE

Project give an opportunity to implement the principles and knowledge practically. The
experience that one gets wonderful because what one studies in books is different from what
one fact in the field.

A Project helps a student in getting acquainted with the manner in which his knowledge is
being practically used and this is normally different from what one has learnt from books.
Hence, when one switches from the process of learning to that of implementation his
knowledge, he finds an abrupt change. This is exactly why project during the B.Tech.
Curriculum becomes all the more important.

Imagine large drives used in Site, they are really effective and helpful. Also imagine of we
could control different machine and equipment at site or industry by using another device.
My training included these basic and some important engineering needs in an industry.

This report is detail describe of OVERVIEW OF CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT(CPWD)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. PARTICULARS PAGE

No.
1. Introduction About the Company 5
2. Intro. About Project and site data 6
3. materials 7-10
4. Authority and responciblities 11
5. Seafty tranning 12
6. Site plan 13
7. Introduction about building 14-17
8. Test in Laboratory 18-31
9. Reinforcement Work 32-35
10. Conclusion 36

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INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY

5
ABOUT THE PROJECT-

1. SITE DATA:-
PROJECT NAME : KENDRIYA VIDHYALYA KARULI

PROJECT LOCATION : - AT HINDON CITY KARULI (RAJ)

COMPANY :- CPWD, JAIPUR

STRUCTRAL : - MR. KELASH RAM MEENA (J.E)

CONSULTANT

TOTAL AREA : - 4000 SQR.FT

TOTAL COST : - 1.5 CRORES

EARTHQUAKE ZONE : -IV

TYPE OF FOUNDATION: - RAFT FOUNDATION 60cm (16 mm steel bar provided)

CONCRETE GRADE: - .There are used READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC) .

P.C.C :- M10

FOUNDATION : - M30

SLAB : - M3O

COLUMN : - M40

BEAM : - M30

RETAINING WALL : - M25

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2 .MATERIALS:-

STEEL REINFORCEMENT BARS:-

There are different types of steel reinforcement bars are used as like

12mm to 25mm different for beam and column and slab according to load bearing capacity

The steel reinforcement bars are used HYSD Fe-500 TMT of “SAIL STEEL “company.

CEMENT:-

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Portland cement is composed of calcium silicates and aluminates and aluminoferrite It is obtained by
blending predetermined proportions limestone clay and other minerals in small quantities which is
pulverized and heated at high temperature – around 1500 deg centigrade to produce ‘clinker’. The
clinker is then ground with small quantities of gypsum to produce a fine powder called Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC). When mixed with water, sand and stone, it combines slowly with the water to
form a hard mass called concrete. Cement is a hygroscopic material meaning that it absorbs moisture In
presence of moisture it undergoes chemical reaction termed as hydration. Therefore cement remains in
good condition as long as it does not come in contact with moisture. If cement is more than three
months old then it should be tested for its strength before being taken into use.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has classified OPC in three different grades The classification is
mainly based on the compressive strength of cement-sand mortar cubes of face area 50 cm2 composed
of 1 part of cement to 3 parts of standard sand by weight with a water-cement ratio arrived at by a
specified procedure. The grades are

(i) 33 grade

(ii) 43 grade

(iii) 53 grade

The grade number indicates the minimum compressive strength of cement sand mortar in N/mm2 at 28
days, as tested by above mentioned procedure.

Only Portland pozololona cement complying with the requirements of IS 1489 shall be used
otherwise as mentioned in the work. The cement shall be obtained directly from the manufacturers by
the owner and issued to contractor.

The cement shall be delivered to the site in the thoroughly dry condition in sealed bags. The
cement shall be unloaded under cover by the contractor at his cost and shall be stored in the perfectly
water tight and well ventilated godown accommodating sufficient cement at any time to ensure
continuity of work. The flooring of the godown shall be raised not less than 150mm from the
surrounding ground. Each consignment shall be recorded by the contractor and stacked separately there
in to permit easy access for inspection. The cement shall be utilized from the store in the same order in
which it is received at the site. The cement temporarily stacked for day to day work near the concrete
mixers adjacent to actual place of pour shall also be adequately protected with tarpaulin over a raised
platform and to the satisfaction of the owner.

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The cement is used of 53 grade of “J.K SUPER” company.

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BRICKS:-

The bricks are used of first class.

ADMIXTURES:-

The admixture is used of “SIKA COMPANY”.

WATER:- Drinking water is used. Water is used which has pH 6.5 to 8.0.

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3.AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBLITIES :-

SITE ENGINEER:-

To perform all site related activities in accordance with guideline provided project manager.

SUPERVISORS:-

To supervise and carry out the entire site related construction activities as per the instruction
given by the project manager and site engineer.

CLIENT:-

Client is the authority witch regular check the quality of construction and takes the samples of
material which are used.

SAFETY ENGINEER:-

Which gives the instruction to all the workers and engineers from physical safety point of view.

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Safety Training
In safety training safety instructor tell us of use of safety equipment at construction site.

CUSTOM HARD WORK

SAFETY VESTS
HATS GLOVES

FALL PROTECTION SAFETY GLASSES SAFETY SHOES

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 SITE PLAN

Some important points which are important to us:-

1. Boundary of plot.

2. Shape of size :( as square, triangular, rectangular).

3. Exterior house dimension.

4. Set back leave and front back leave.

5. Name and width of existing street.

6. Elevation of center line.

7. Elevation of corners of plot.

8. No of plots, block and name of adjusting property.

9. Direction of traveling winds and north direction.

10. Generally we take the north direction because the pole star are existing in the north direction.

11. Size and location detail of gas line underground draining water main, ventilating pipes.

12. Location of fire hydrain should be mark.

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5. INTRODUCTION ABOUT BUILDING:-

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING

1. According to their occupancy.

2. According to type of construction.

ACCORDING TO THEIR OCCUPANCY

According to N.B.C of India 1970, Buildings are classified as:

1. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
2. EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS.
3. INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS.
4. ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS.
5. BUSINISS BUILDINGS.
6. MERCENTILE BUILDINGS.
7. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS.
8. STORAGE BUILDINGS.
9. HAZARDEOUS BUILDINGS.

1) GROUP A: RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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 These are those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is
provided for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking or dining or both facilities. It is further
sub divided into 5 groups viz A-1 to A-5.

2) GROUP B: EDUCTIONAL BUILDINGS

All those buildings, which are meant for education room, a Nursery
schools to University for more than 8 hours per week. These buildings provide facilities like classrooms,
staff cabins, laboratories, administrative blocks, library, and play fields.

3) GROUP C: INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

These Groups include any buildings or part there of, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, care of infant or aged persons etc.
These buildings normally provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants. These buildings are
further subdivided into three groups viz C-1 Hospitals and Sanitories; C-2 Custodians Institutes
(example:- Homes for aged) and C-3: Panel institution (example:- Jails, Mental hospitals etc)

4) GROUP D: ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

These include any building or part of building where group of people

gather for amusements, recreations, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel & similar purposes.

Ex- Theaters, assembly halls, auditoriums, museums, restaurant,

places of worship, clubs, aero drums etc. Buildings under these groups are further subdivided into three
groups i.e. D-1 to D-5 in descending order of accommodation and facilities.

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 5) GROUP E: BUSINESS BUILDINGS

These include any building or part of building, which is used for the
transaction of business, for keeping accounts, doctors & barber shop, beauty parlors etc.

6) GROUP F: MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

These groups include any building or part of buildings, which is used for
shops, stores, markets for sale and display of products for wholesale or retail.

7) GROUP G: INSDUSTRIAL BUILDING

This group includes any building or part of a building or structure in

which products of different kinds and properties are fabricated and assembled or processed. For
example assembly plants, power plants laboratories, gas plants, refineries, dairies etc.

8) GROUP H: STORAGE BUILDING

This group includes those buildings, which are primarily used for storage
of goods, wares, (not highly combustible), warehouses, cold storages, garages etc.

9) GROUP I: HAZARDOUS BUILDING

This group includes those building structures which are used for storage,
handling, and manufacture or processing of materials which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and
prove hazardous to health, building contents. Ex- buildings used for storage of highly flammable liquids
or explosives etc. included in this groups.

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ACCORDING TO TYPE OF CONSTRUCTIONS

1) LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES

In this system the load bearing walls of stone or brick are constructed
on a continuous foundation and they are designed to support the entire load including their own load.
Hence in this type of structures, the beams, trusses etc are always made to rest on lode bearing walls.

2) FRAMED STRUCTURES

In this system the numbers of piers or columns are erected on their own
independent foundations and they are braced together by beams and slabs. In this way the whole
structure is erected and the gaps between the piers or columns are filled with partition walls. The
function of partition walls is simply to support their own weight and to serve as a screen for privacy. The
entire load of structure is carried out by the frame.

3) COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

This structure is combinations of load bearing structure. In this type, the

order wall consists of bearing wall. Where as the frame of columns and beams consist with one end on
bearing walls and other end on inner columns with thin partitions between the bearing walls.

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 TESTS IN LABORATORY
Introduction of Concrete testing lab-

1. Compression Testing Machine(CTM)

2. Flexural Test of Concrete for Beam
3. Soundness Test of Cement(Expansion of Cement, ”Le Chatteres
Principal”)
4. Aggregate Abrasion Test
5. Workability or Slump test on Concrete
6. Air Content Test on Concrete
7. Flakielongation Test
8. Sieve analysis of coarse aggregate
9. Sieve analysis of fine aggregate
10. Sand present in aggregate

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-1

Compression Testing Machine

USE- Compressive strength test on concrete remove before 24hrs. Whenever

cube is coated.

NOTE:- Load in UTM=140 Kg/cm2.

Size of Cube Mould=15x15x15 cm.

PROCEDURE-

1. Remove the specimen from curing tank.

2. Place the specimen in Compression Testing Machine (CTM), Capacity-
3000KN.
3. Place the cube so that caste face shall not be at top or bottom.
4. In case so that cast face shall not be capped using Sulphur Capping.
“Sulphur Capping is for the finishing of cube layer.”
5. Align the axis of specimen with center of thrust of spherically seated platen
6. Apply the load till specimen break or crack.
7. Record the max load applied.
8. Calculate compressive strength.

Compressive Strength = Load/Area.

Unit-N/mm2

Note- Taping bar is used for cube is 25 times and 35 times.

TAPING BAR- 16mm Diameter & 700mm Long

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-2

Flexural Test of Concrete for Beam

1. Specimen shall be 700x150x150mm concrete beam.

2. Specimen shall be cured by submerging in clean water upto time of
testing.
3. Bearing surface of the supporting and loading rollers shall be wiped clean,
any loose sand or other material removed from surface of specimen.
4. The specimen shall be wiped clean, any loose sand or other material
removed from the surface of specimen.
5. The specimen shall then be placed in the machine in such a manner that
the load shall be applied to uppermost surface as caste in mould, along
two lines spaced 200mm apart. The axis of specimen shall be carefully
aligned with axis of loading device.
6. The fiber stresses increases at application 7Kg/sq./min that is at the rate of
loading 4KN/min for the 150 mm specimen.
7. The load shall be increased until the specimen fails, and the maximum load
applied during the test.

The flexural strength of specimen shall be expressed as modulus of rupture fb.

fb= Pl/bd2

P=Load (N), l=Length of specimen (mm), b=width of specimen (mm), d=depth of

specimen (mm).

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-3

Soundness test of Cement (Expansion of cement)

Initial reading Final reading

(Specific Gravity of Cement)-

Le-Chatelier flask-Standard Le-Chatelier flask conforming to IS 4301, shall be used.

Analytical balance-Electronic balance of accuracy (± 0.1g) shall be used.

Procedure-

1. Kerosene, free of water having a specific gravity not less than 0.731 shall be
used in specific gravity determination.
2. The flask shall be filled with kerosene to a point on the stem between the 0
and 1-ml mark.
3. Inside the flask above the level of the liquid shall be dried.
4. First reading shall be recorded.
5. A weighted quantity of cement (about 65g for Portland cement) shall then
be introduced in small amount at the same temp. as the liquid.
6. Care shall be taken to avoid splashing and has been introduced, the stopper
has been introduced.

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7. The stopper shall be placed in the flask and the flask rolled in inclined
position or gently whirled in the horizontal circle, so as to free the cement
from air until no further air bubbles rise to surface of the liquid.
8. If proper amount of cement has been added the level of liquid will be in its
final position at some point of upper series of graduations.
9. The final reading shall be taken.
10.The flask shall be kept in constant temperature room for sufficient interval
before making either of the reading so as to avoid variation greater than
0.2°C in temperature of the liquid in the flask.
11.The difference between the first and final reading represent the volume of
liquid displace by the mass of cement used in test.

The Specific Gravity shall be calculated as-

Mass of cement in (gms)

= --------------------------------
Displaced volume in cm3

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-4

Workability/Slump test on cement

1. Collect the sample onnon absorbent metal plate or tray and mix it
thoroughly.
2. Clean the internal surface of cone slump.
3. Fix the cone firmly to its base plate with help of clamping screw and place it
at horizontal surface.
4. Fill the mould with concrete sample in four layers each layer approximately
¼ cone height.
5. Compact each layer with 25 strokes by tamping rod.
6. Release the clamping screw and lift the cone slowly and carefully in vertical
direction from the concrete.
7. Place the cone inverted at the side of concrete.
8. Measure the difference of height between top of cone top of plastic
concrete.
9. Record the value as slump of concrete in mm.
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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-5

Air Content test on Concrete

1. Collect the sample on nonabsorbent metal plate and mix it thoroughly.

2. Fill the container in three equal layers and compact each layer with 25
strokes by tamping rod.
3. Close main air valve of air receive of top LID open both the pet clocks of top
LID.
4. Place LID on container and close the four toggle clamp.
5. Pour water into funnel until water comes out of petcock.
6. Close both the petcock and air bleeder valve.
7. Gently pump air into receiver until gauge needle comes in line marked on
gauge.

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 8. Top gauge gently and open main air valve.
9. Allow the needle to come to rest and take the reading.
10.Report this reading is present of air entered in concrete.

CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-6

Aggregate Abrasion Test

The test sample shall consist of clean aggregate which has been dried in an oven
at 105°C to 110°C to substantially constant weight and shall confirm to one of the
grading shown.

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 Table: 1- Grading of test sample

Sieve Size (Square Hole) Weight in gm. Of Test Sample for

Grade

Passing Retained A B C D E F G
on
80 63 - - - - 2500* - -
63 50 - - - - 2500* - -
50 40 - - - - 5000* 5000* -
40 25 1250 - - - - 5000 5000
25 20 1250 - - - - - 5000*
20 12.5 1250 2500 - - - - -
12.5 10 1250 2500 - - - - -
10 6.3 - - 2500 - - - -
6.3 4.75 - - 2500 - - - -
4.75 2.36 - - - 5000 - - -

Table: 2- No. of Abrasive Charges

Grading No. of Spheres Wt. of Charges gms.

A 12 5000±25
B 11 4584±25
C 8 3330±20
D 6 2500±15
E 12 5000±25
F 12 5000±25
G 12 5000±25
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For grading A,B,C,D the machine shall be rotated for 500 revolution.

For grading E,F,G it revolve 100 revolutions. After completion test the machine
shall be discharge and sample passes through 1.10 mm sieve. The finger portion
shall than be sieved on a 1.70mm IS sieve sample.

The ratio of the weight of fine formed the total sample weight is expressed in %
for each test.

Aggregate Abrasion Value = (B/A)*100

B = Weight fraction 1.7mm IS Sieve.

A = Weight of oven dried sample.

CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-7

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Flakieness of Aggregate Test

1. Take aggregate sample, so that minimum no. of 200 pieces of each fraction
is available.
2.
40 mm down aggregate-50Kg.
20 mm down aggregate-20Kg.
3. Sieve the sample on IS sieve 40, 31.5, 25, 20, 16, 12.5, 10, 6.3 mm.
4. Calculate % retain on each sieve.
5. Count aggregate retain on each sieve as (Ni).
6. Gauge each fraction for thickness on the standard metal thickness gauge.
7. Aggregate passing the gauge for each fraction shall be separately counted
(N1i).

Calculate Flakiness index (F.I.) = (Σ N1i / Σ Ni)*C3i (%)

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-8

Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate

1. Prepare sample using sample divider for different of aggregate as per table
below-

Max. Size of Min. Wt. of Sample(Kg.) Min. Wt. of Sieve

Aggregate(mm) Analysis(Kg.)
40 50 20
20 25 12
10 6 3

2. Make the sample dry by heating at 100 to 110°C.

3. Take the weight of sample and sieve it successfully on following sieve-
50mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, and 4.75mm.
4. Shake each sieve separately until not more than a trace passes but not less
than 2 min.
5. Take weight of material retained on each sieve.
6. Calculate % retained, and cumulative % retained on each sieve.
7. Calculate corresponding % passing.

%retained = (Wt. of retained on sieve/Total Wt. of sample)*100

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CONCRETE TESTING LAB

Experiment-9

Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

1. Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

Max. Size of Min. Wt. of Sample(Kg) Min. Wt. of Sieve

aggregate(mm) Analysis(Kg)
10 6 3
4.75 3 1

Following using Sieve-

4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300micron, 150micron.

2. Make the sample dry by heating at 100 to 110°C.

3. Take the weight of sample and sieve it successfully on following sieve-
50mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, and 4.75mm.
4. Shake each sieve separately until not more than a trace passes but not less
than 2 min.
5. Take weight of material retained on each sieve.
6. Calculate % retained, and cumulative % retained on each sieve.
7. Calculate corresponding % passing.

%retained = (Wt. of retained on sieve/Total Wt. of sample)*100

NOTE: - Sieve shaker with 20 & 45 cm. frame.

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Reinforcement Work

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  Material- HYSD bar and TMT bar Fe 500 to IS 1786.

In Fe 500 steel elongation not more than 14.5% ultimate tensile strength of
bar 15% more than actual 0.2% proof stress/yield stress.

 Storage-Reinforcement steel shall not keep direct contact with ground; it is

kept on timber sleepers or concrete pedestal.
 Bending of Reinforcement-The reinforcement bar shall be cold bent at
appropriate radius of minimum 6D using “Bar Bending Machine” with
proper mandrill. Load shall be applied gradually on bar.
 Lying of Reinforcement- The bars are placed as according to reinforcement
diagram. Chair/ Spacer made up of reinforcement steel bar shall be
provided to keep the bars in position. The radius of bent is less than 6
times the diameter for HYSD TMT bars.
Reinforcement shall be tied with each other 16 gauge where the
spacing of re-bars is greater than 300mm both ways. If spacing of the bars
is less than 300mm, only alternate joint shall be tied both ways.
 Spacing- R*Ø
 36 mm Ø bar is used for reinforcement of grade Fe 500in construction of
Reactor Building.
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 Q. Why we use Fe 500 bar, not use Fe 415 bar in construction of Reactor Building?
Ans. Because the strength of Fe500 is more than Fe 415 bar.

Types of Bars used in construction of Reactor Building:-

S.No. Name of Bar Diameter of Shape of Bar Type of Bar

Bar
1. Straight Bar 8mm TMT
Fe 500

2. Straight Bar 10mm TMT

Fe 500

3. Straight Bar 18mm TMT

Fe 500

4. Straight Bar 20mm TMT

Fe 500

5. Straight Bar 32mm TMT

Fe 500

6. Straight Bar 36mm TMT

Fe 500

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7. Chair Bar 36mm TMT
Fe 500

8. Lap Bar 36mm TMT

Fe 500

9. Radial Bar 32mm TMT

Fe 500

Bending of Bars-

Stirrup and Links used in bars-

Tying of Reinforcement-

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 CONCLUSION

On concluding the training report , I would like to say that I got a good
overview of central public works department (cpwd). I learn about the
practical knowledge at site. I learnt about many instrument at the site. I
think this training will come good in future use. Apart from my area of
project I also got an idea that “ How to do work at construction site”,
which is important in my future.

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