2.

BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

•Figures out what effective leaders do rather than who effective leaders are.

•Unlike traits, behavior can be learned.

•Two aspects of leadership behavior:

1. LEADERSHIP FUNCTIONS

-To operate effectively, groups need someone to perform two major functions:

1. TASK-RELATED or PROBLEM-SOLVING FUNCTIONS

2. GROUP-MAINTENANCE or SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

2. LEADERSHIP STYLES

-The two leadership functions are expressed in two different leadership styles:

1. TASK-ORIENTED STYLE

- getting the job done is given more emphasis than employee's growth or personal satisfaction.

2. EMPLOYEE-ORIENTED STYLE

-more emphasis on motivating rather than controlling subordinates.

3. CONTINGENCY APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP

• Constituted by trait and behavioral approaches.

•Contigency Models of Leadership:

1. HERSHEY AND BLANCHARD'S SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODEL

-holds that the most effective leadership style varies with the "readiness" of the employees.

2. LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK SITUATION: THE FIEDLER MODEL

-a leader's effectiveness is based on the situation.

-Three Leadership Situations:

1. QUALITY OF LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONS

2. TASK STRUCTURE

3. LEADER'S POSITION POWER

3. A PATH-GOAL APPROCH TO LEADERSHIP

-individual's motivation depends on his or her expectation of reward and the attractiveness of the
reward.