Development of the arteries

Pharyngeal arch arteries

• Right and left primitive • Successive arterial
aorta – dorsal aorta, arches appear in 2nd –
arched aorta and 6th pharyngeal arches
ventral aorta • The major arteries of
• The 2 ventral aortae the head, neck and
fuse to form the aortic thorax are derived from
sac; the unfused the arterial arches as
portions remain as the follows:
left and right horns of
the sac
Arteries and veins of the embryo
 Derivatives of the pharyngeal arch
arteries
• Most of the 1st and 2nd • Blood from pulm trunk
arch arteries disappear, passes into the 6th while
the 5th completely. 1st blood from asc aorta
aa is maxillary artery, passes into 3 and 4 aa.
2nd is stapedial &hyoid • Part of the dorsal aorta
arteries. grows cranially, part
• 3, 4 & 6 connects to disappears on both
aortic sac. 3 and 4 to sides, part of the right
ventral and 6 to dorsal dorsal aorta disappears
part.
Ealy stages of the arch system
 Derivatives contd
• 6th aa gives off a branch
to the lung bud. The
portion on the right
disappears, the left
portion forms the
ductus arteriosus
• Each 3rd aa gives off the
external carotid artery
as a sprout.
 Summary of the adult derivatives
• Asc aorta derived from truncus arteriosus
• Arch of aorta derived from aortic sac, left horn
of aortic sac, and left 4th arch artery.
• Desc aorta derived from left dorsal aorta and
fused dorsal aorta
• Brachiocephalic a derived from right horn of
aortic sac
• R subclavian from R 4th aa and 7th cervical
intersegmental artery
Changes in the arch system
 Derivatives contd
• L subclavian from L 7th cervical intersegmental
• Common carotid from proximal part of 3rd aa
• Internal carotid from distal part of 3rd aa and
cervical part of dorsal aorta
• External carotid as a bud from 3rd aa
• Pulmonary trunk from truncus arteriosus
• Pulmonary a from part of 6th aa
• Ductus arteriosus from part of L 6th aa b/w lung
bud and aorta.
Changes
 Other changes in the arch system
• Part of the dorsal aorta
obliterates to form
carotid duct.
• R dorsal aorta disappear
b/w the origin of the 7th
intersegmental artery
and jxn w L dorsal aorta
• L subclavian artery
shifts, carotid and
brachiocephalic arteries
elongate
 Changes
• Different courses for the
recurrent laryngeal
nerves
 Development of other arteries
• Ventral splanchnic (vitelline) arteries give rise
to celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior
mesenteric, bronchial & oesophageal arteries.
• Lateral or intermediate splanchnic gives renal,
suprarenal, phrenic, spermatic (ovarian) arter
• Dorsolateral/intersegmental gives rise to inter
–costal and lumbar arteries.
 Development of umbilical arteries
• Initially paired branches
of the dorsal aorta.
• Proximally persists as
internal iliac and
superior vesical arteries
• Distally it is obliterated
to form medial
umbilical ligaments
 Vertebral and internal thoracic
• Vertebral a forms from • Internal thoracic artery
a) Dorsal division of 7th a) Ventral division of the
cervical intersegment 7th cervical i.s artery.
– al artery b) Ventral anastomosis
b) Anastomosis b/w 1st – b/w ventral divisions
6th cervical inter – of the thoracic inter –
segmental arteries segmental (intercostal)
c) Spinal branch of the 1st arteries
cervical
intersegmental artery.
Anomalies –coarctation, abnormal R
subclavian artery
Developmental anomalies
• Persistent ductus
arteriosus
• Coarctation of the aorta
– preductal and
postductal
• Abnormal origin of R
subclavian artery
• Double aortic arch
• Right aortic arch,
interrupted aortic arch