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Vibrations
Dr. Mustafa Arafa
Mechanical Engineering Department
American University in Cairo
mharafa@aucegypt.edu
Kinematics, dynamics and vibration
•Kinematics: study of motion (displacement,
velocity, acceleration, time) without reference to
the cause of motion (i.e. regardless of forces).
•Dynamics: study of forces acting on a body, and
resulting motion.
•Vibration: Oscillatory motion of bodies &
associated forces.
Outline
A. Kinematics of mechanisms
B. Dynamics of mechanisms
C. Rigid body dynamics
D. Natural frequency and resonance
E. Balancing of rotating &reciprocating
equipment
Kinematics of mechanisms
Four-bar mechanism
b
A q3
c
q2 q4
d
O2 O4
Graphical solution
b
• Draw an arc of radius b, c
centered at A
• Draw an arc of radius c, B1
centered at O4
b
• The intersections are the A q3
two possible positions for c
O2 O4
B2
Analytical solution
Obtain coordinates of point A:
Ax a cosq 2
Ay a sin q 2
Obtain coordinates of point B:
b 2 Bx Ax B y Ay
2 2
c 2 B x d B y
2 2
Rectilinear Curvilinear
Basic equations
Projectile
Projectile
y
v
a g
v
x
a
a v
Natural frequency and resonance
Model of a vibrating system
Spring and mass
Spring, mass and damper
Forced vibration
Balancing of machinery
Static unbalance
Couple unbalance
Dynamic unbalance