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WATER QUALITY
http://bit.ly/EnvEng-Sem2 1
Content
PART 1: INTRODUCTION
i) Beneficial Water Use
ii) Water Resources
PART 2:WATER QUALITY
i) Definition
ii) Objectives
iii) Water Quality Parameters
PART 3: WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
i) Physical
ii) Chemical
iii) Microbiological
PART 4: Toxic Inorganic Elements and Radicals
PART 5: Water Purification System and DO Sag Curve
2
PART 1
INTRODUCTION
(i) Beneficial Water Use
(ii) Water Resources
3
Beneficial Water Uses
(ii) Wells
5
Distribution of Earth’s water
6
PART 2
Water Quality
i) Definition
ii) Objective
iii) Water quality parameters
7
Water Quality Definition
8
Objective of Water Quality
9
Water Quality Parameters
• Are the natural and man-made chemical,
biological and microbiological characteristics of
rivers, lakes and groundwater.
• It provides important information about the
health of a water body.
• Are used to find out if the quality water is good
enough for drinking water, recreation, irrigation
and aquatic life.
• Include physical, chemical and biological
parameters
10
PART 3
Water Quality Parameters
1. Physical
2. Chemical
parameters
parameters
3. Biological
parameters
11
Physical Parameters
• This parameters respond to the sense of sight, touch,
taste or smell
• Definition
• Unit
• Cause & effect (high value) 12
• Total Solids (TS)
• TSS (Total Suspended Solids - TSS)
• Dissolved Solids (DS)
• Volatile Solids (VS)
• Volatile Disolved Solids (VDS)
• Unit: mg/l
13
14
Classification of Solids in Water
and Wastewater
Suspended (> 1mm)
Dissolved (<0.01mm)
Organic
Solids
Inorganic
15
Filterable
Solids
Non-filterable
Settleable
Solids
Non-settleable
Volatile
Solids
Non-Volatile
16
Microwave (at
Settleable Imhoff cone Samples 103C - 105C) Total solids
solids (TS)
Fixed Volatile
Volatile Fixed dissolved
suspended dissolved solids
suspended solids (FDS)
solids (FSS) (VDS)
solids (VSS)
Total volatile
Total fixed solids
solids TVS = VSS
TFS = FSS + FDS
+ VDS
21
Biological Parameters
22
plant indicators
• Presence or absence of certain plant or other
vegetative life in an ecosystem can provide important
clues about the health of the environment
• lichens are organism comprising both fungi and
algae.
• Lichens are found on rocks and tree trunks, and they respond to
environmental changes in forest, including changes in forest
structure conservation biology, air quality and climate
• The disappearance of lichens in a forest may indicate
environmental stresses, such as high level of sulfur dioxide, sulfur-
based pollutants and nitrogen oxides
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Lichens
24
Animal indicator
25
Macroinvertebrate bioindicators
26
Macroinvertebrata
27
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Macroinvertebrate bioindicators
29
Microbial indicators
31
Bacteria Count
Note
• All equipment
used in this
experiments
should be
sterilized in an Prepare freshly by
autoclave at boiling the mixture of:
1210C for 15 Inoculate peptone = 5 g
min
plate Beef extract = 3 g
containin
• Carefull with g nutrient Agar = 15 g
ethanol and agar Distilled water = 600
Bunsen burner mL
32
Bacteria Count
33
Virus
• One virus can cause
illness
• Hard to detect
• Specify treatment
process ( disinfection
dose and contact time)
instead of measuring
virus concentration
34
Algae
35
PART 4: Toxic Inorganic
Elements and Radicals
1)Toxic inorganic
2)Nontoxic organic
3)Toxic organic
36
Toxic inorganic elements
and radicals
37
Nontoxic organics
38
Toxic organics
• Asbestos
• Radionuclides
• Alpha and Beta radioactivity
• Uranium, Radium, Radon
40
Content
PART 1: INTRODUCTION
i) Beneficial Water Use
ii) Water Resources
PART 2:WATER QUALITY
i) Definition
ii) Objectives
iii) Water Quality Parameters
PART 3: WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
i) Physical
ii) Chemical
iii) Microbiological
PART 4: Toxic Inorganic Elements and Radicals
PART 5: Water Purification System and DO Sag Curve
41
END
42