Practical Workbook

PE-402: RESERVOIR ENGINEERING-2

Name:
Year:
Roll No:
Batch:
Discipline:

Department Of Petroleum Engineering

NED University of Engineering& Technology,
Karachi – 75270, Pakistan
 CERTIFICATE

It is Certified that Mr. / Miss

__________________, student of class
___________, batch_____________, and
bearing roll no. __________________ has
completed his/her course work in the
subject of PE-402-RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING-2
as prescribed and approved by
Department of Petroleum Engineering.

_____________
Course Teacher
 CONTENTS
Sr No OBJECTIVE

01 Production Profile exercise

02 Quality-checking the available PVT data using MBAL

03 Setting up the basic tank model using MBAL

04 Matching to Production History data in MBAL

Creating and Validating Relative Perm Curves using

05
MBAL

06 Forecasting using MBAL.

Lab Session 1
Production Profile exercise
 Construct Production Profile using excel sheet with the data given below and complete the table.
Formation: A Sands - Lower Indus
Gas In Place 300 Bcf
Recoverable
225 Bcf
Reserves
Analog Well
12 MMscfd
Productivity
% Reserves in
46 %
Decline Phase
Plateau Rate 70 MMscfd
Economic Limit 5 MMscfd
Reserves in
Decline 103 Bcf
Phase
Time to Reach
yrs
Economic Limit
Decline Cosntant yrs-1
Cumulative
Gas Rate Production Per
Year Events Production
(MMscfd) Year (Bcf)
(Bcf)
2012
Drilling of
2013 Exploratory
Well
EPF + Pipeline
2014
Installation
2015 12 WellTesting(Study)
Facility Installation +
2016 12
2 Appraisalwell
2017 30 3 Development wells
2018 70 1 dev well
Facility Installation
2019 70
(Compression)
2020 70
2021 70
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
Lab Session 2
Quality-checking the available PVT data using MBAL
Data:-
The following data is available:
PVT data(@ 250 deg F)
Bubble point (Pb) = 2200 psig
Solution GOR = 500 SCF/STB
FVF@ Pb = 1.32 RB/STB
Oil Visc.@ Pb = 0.4 cp
Oil gravity = 39 API
Gas grav. = 0.798
Water Salinity = 100,000 PPM

Perform the steps for Quality-checking the available PVT data and write down the steps
and attach the final screen shot from MBAL.

Steps:-
1. Start MBAL and select the menu option File | New.
2. On the menu bar go to Tools and click on Material Balance.
3. On the menu bar go to Options and a screen appears. The following options can be
selected:
 The fluid has been defined as oil
4. Progressing to PVT | Fluid Properties the following data can be entered:
 The black oil properties of the oil
5. Matching PVT properties to available correlation and selecting the best one for use in
modelling.
 Press the Match button to invoke the screen where the match data can be entered
 Enter data and click the match button
 clicking on Match will lead to the screen where the regression between correlations
and measured data will be done
6. Once this is done, click the Match Param button to check the parameters of each of the
correlations and select the one which requires the least correction
7. Parameter 1 is multiplier (close to 1 as possible) and Parameter 2 is shift (close to 0 as
possible)
At this stage, specifying the PVT properties of the fluid is finished.
 Lab Session 3
Setting up the basic tank model using MBAL

Use the following data to setup a tank model, write down the steps also.

Steps:
1. In the main menu bar go to Input | Tank Data, and supply the given information
2. The next step is defining the aquifer support:
3. As there is yet no evidence to suggest the presence of an aquifer, this will be left to
“None” for the time being.
4. As soon as the compressibility is entered, the rel perm information can be specified.
• The last data that we have to supply is the production history of the reservoir as shown in
the following screen. Note that this can be copied from the Excel file OILRES1.XLS.
• To paste the data, simply highlight the data in Excel, copy the data, and in MBAL right
click on the numerical row values and press paste table.
• This finishes our setting up of basic tank model
 Lab Session 4
Matching to Production History data in MBAL

Using the following data perform steps for matching to see whether our production history data is
consistent with our PVT data. Also Write down the steps and attach the plots used for history matching.
Cum
Pressure Cum Oil
Date Gas
psig MMSTB
MMscf
1/1/2001 4000 0 0
2/1/2001 3885.64 0.356222 178.111
3/1/2001 3836.75 0.586151 293.075
4/1/2001 3762.57 0.927019 463.509
5/1/2001 3705.21 1.24942 624.708
6/1/2001 3655.34 1.57649 788.245
7/1/2001 3707.56 1.57649 788.245
8/1/2001 3647.76 1.89402 947.012
9/1/2001 3602.54 2.20527 1102.63
10/1/2001 3565.38 2.50173 1250.87
11/1/2001 3531.51 2.80395 1401.98
12/1/2001 3502.16 3.09282 1546.41
1/1/2002 3471.13 3.39831 1699.16
2/1/2002 3442.89 3.70051 1850.25
3/1/2002 3418.26 3.98042 1990.21
4/1/2002 3393.39 4.27695 2138.47
5/1/2002 3370.5 4.56138 2280.69
6/1/2002 3348.37 4.85076 2425.38
7/1/2002 3327.59 5.12857 2564.29
8/1/2002 3306.68 5.41345 2706.73
9/1/2002 3286.27 5.69614 2848.07
10/1/2002 3266.93 5.96765 2983.83
11/1/2002 3247.3 6.24616 3123.08
12/1/2002 3228.61 6.51371 3256.86
1/1/2003 3212.06 6.77893 3389.46
2/1/2003 3195.21 7.0423 3521.15
3/1/2003 3179.94 7.27854 3639.27
4/1/2003 3163 7.53836 3769.18
5/1/2003 3146.66 7.788 3894
6/1/2003 3129.82 8.04415 4022.07
7/1/2003 3109.13 8.28415 4142.07
8/1/2003 3088.14 8.53215 4266.07
9/1/2003 3067.3 8.78015 4390.07
10/1/2003 3047.2 9.02015 4510.07
11/1/2003 3026.48 9.26815 4634.07
12/1/2003 3006.46 9.50815 4754.07
1/1/2004 2985.81 9.75615 4878.07
2/1/2004 2965.19 10.0041 5002.07
3/1/2004 2946.59 10.2281 5114.07

4/1/2004 2926.01 10.4761 5238.07

5/1/2004 2906.12 10.7161 5358.07
6/1/2004 2885.58 10.9642 5482.07
7/1/2004 2865.73 11.2042 5602.07
8/1/2004 2845.24 11.4521 5726.07
9/1/2004 2824.77 11.7001 5850.07
10/1/2004 2804.98 11.9401 5970.07
11/1/2004 2784.55 12.1882 6094.07
12/1/2004 2764.81 12.4281 6214.07
1/1/2005 2744.42 12.6761 6338.07
2/1/2005 2724.07 12.9241 6462.07
3/1/2005 2705.7 13.1481 6574.07
4/1/2005 2685.39 13.3961 6698.07
5/1/2005 2665.76 13.6361 6818.07
6/1/2005 2645.5 13.8841 6942.07
7/1/2005 2625.93 14.1242 7062.07
8/1/2005 2605.73 14.3721 7186.07
9/1/2005 2585.56 14.6201 7310.07
10/1/2005 2566.08 14.8601 7430.07
11/1/2005 2545.98 15.1082 7554.07
12/1/2005 2526.57 15.3481 7674.07
1/1/2006 2506.54 15.5961 7798.07
2/1/2006 2486.55 15.8441 7922.07
3/1/2006 2467.89 16.0761 8038.07
4/1/2006 2447.98 16.3241 8162.07
5/1/2006 2428.75 16.5641 8282.07
6/1/2006 2408.92 16.8121 8406.07

Steps:
• The first thing to do is to see whether our production history data is consistent with our
PVT data.
• In the PVT section we indicated that the bubble point was 2200 psig and the solution
GOR was 500 Scf/STB.
• If we go to the production history screen in the tank input data, we can click on the option
Work with GOR at the bottom of the dialogue and the gas rates are converted into
producing GOR values.
• As a further check select the 'Check GOR' tab. In this tab we can plot the solution and
cumulative GOR to validate the entered History as above.
• Since the pressure is always above the bubble point, there should be no free gas and
hence the producing GOR should be equal to the solution GOR. Thus the data is
consistent with the PVT.
• If this was not the case, then there would be an inconsistency between PVT and
production data. The source of this inconsistency would need to be identified before
progressing with the history match
• Now for history matching, click History Matching tab and then Select All.
• This will prompt the plots used for history matching.
• Three plots are available.

Energy Plot
Graphical Plot

Ana
lytical Plot
 Lab Session 5
Creating and Validating Relative Perm Curves using MBAL

Perform and write the steps involve in Creating and Validating Rel Perm Curves and also attach
the screenshots. (Use same data as in previous sessions.)

Steps:
• Fractional Flow curve creation: Click History Matching-Fw matching.
• Select Regress, historical data is regressed in order to fit fractional flow curve.
• This create rel perm curves.

 The historical production of oil will be fixed (as measured) but not the production of
water or gas. These will be calculated based on the fractional flow curves and then
compared to the historical production.
 Under production prediction, the prediction setup option can be selected:
 Set the historical production volumes of oil to be extracted from the tank: Production
prediction and then production and constraints.
 Select Copy and then Ok.
 The historical rates will then copied.
 Step 4: Setting the reporting schedule: the schedule is set to automatic.
 Step 5: Running the prediction: Production prediction and then run prediction.
 The “Calc” button will run the prediction
 “Plot” button will show a plot of the prediction results
Where we can see a good agreement between the data and the forecast, this illustrates that the
model is ready for predictions.
 Lab Session 6
Forecasting using MBAL.

Perform the following forecasting using the previous data.

1. Predict reservoir pressure decline without a well
2. Predict production and reservoir pressure decline with a well model
3. Predict number of wells to achieve target rate
Write down the steps and attached the screenshots of final plots and results.

1. Predict reservoir pressure decline without a well

Steps:
1. In MBAL there are various options for performing a forecast

2. Select first option.

3. Check use relative perm
4. Check automatic
5. Check end of production history.
6. In Production Prediction|Production
and 'Constraints' can be selected to
enter the desired production of oil.
7. This production will be kept
constant throughout the prediction,
until the reservoir does not have
enough energy to support it.
8. Performing the forecast now:
9. The results indicate that the reservoir
can only support this production for a only a few more years. Please note that the oil rate
is constant, as specified by the user, at 10000bbls/day.
2. Predict production and reservoir pressure decline with a well model
Steps
• Using same steps, ensured that the 'Production Profile Using Well Models' was defined in
the 'Options' menu.
• In the 'Production and
Constraints' screen different
constraints are now required
which correspond to the
presence of the well; the well
head pressure now needs to be
specified.

• The next option relates to the

well type definition: well input data- well type definition
• Selecting the '+' button will add a well in the model.

• Selecting the “Match IPR” button as shown above will prompt the IPR matching screen.
The MIP file can be then imported.
• Click import and then select file from
directory.
• Clicking on the “Calc” button will match this
data to a PI and Vogel model.
• Selecting the “Done” button will allow the
calculated PI onto the well model.
• Having populated the IPR screen with the
relevant data, the “More Inflow” screen can be selected now.
• Moving onto the 'Outflow Performance' screen
• The lift curves have been previously generated with PROSPER and can be imported
using the “Edit” button.
• The lift curves are stored as a *.tpd file in the Quick Start Guide samples folder.
• The well now needs to be scheduled to be active. This is done from the “Well Schedule”
option.
• In this screen, the well opening and closing times can be defined; along with any possible
downtime that this well will occur during the forecast period.
 • As soon as this is finished, the reporting schedule can be set (to automatic):
• Check keep history.
• The model is then ready for the forecast:
• Click run prediction
• In the calculation screen, selecting “Calc” will generate the forecast:
• Plot the results.

3. Predict number of wells to achieve target rate

Steps:
1. In prediction calculation select calculate no of wells to achieve target
2. Target type: oil rate
3. As soon as this option is selected, the program can use a particular well type and add as
many wells of this type as needed to achieve a particular target.
4. Going through the options from top to bottom, in the 'Production and Constraints' tab, we
can enter the target rates.
5. In the 'Prediction' menu, a new option will appear relating the potential well schedule.
6.
This

screen will allow the user to enter how many wells are available for MBAL to select and
of which type.
7. Now we can run the forecast and scrolling to the right of the results screen, the number of
wells chosen is shown by MBAL
8. The rate is kept at 16000 for as long as possible. If the existing wells can satisfy the
production and also need to be choked back