2018 Winter Olympics

The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe
XXIII Olympic W inter
Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was a major international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25
Games
February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018,
the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South
Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the
1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and
Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer
Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

The games featured 102 events in fifteen sports, with the addition of "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling,
and mixed team alpine skiing to the Winter Olympic programme. 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed, including the debuts of Ecuador,
Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore. After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics,
the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, and selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the IOC designation of
"Olympic Athletes from Russia". Despite tense relations, North Korea agreed to participate in the Games, enter with South Korea during the
opening ceremony as aunified Korea, and field a unified team in women's ice hockey. Host city Pyeongchang
County, South Korea
Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Germany and Norway were tied for the most gold medals
Motto Passion. Connected.
won; both won fourteen golds. Host nationSouth Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a W
inter Olympics.
Korean: 하나된 열정.
(Hanadoen
Yeoljeong)
Nations 92
Contents
participating
Bidding and election
Athletes 2,922 (1,680 men
Development and preparation participating and 1,242 women)
Medals
Torch relay Events 102 in 15 sports
Venues Opening 9 February
Pyeongchang (mountain cluster)
ceremony
Alpensia Sports Park
Stand-alone venues Closing 25 February
Gangneung (coastal cluster) ceremony
Ticketing Officially President Moon Jae-
The Games opened by in
Opening ceremony
Athlete's Mo Tae-bum[1]
Sports
Oath
Participating National Olympic Committees
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee Olympic Kim Yu-na[2]
Event scheduling Torch
Calendar Stadium Pyeongchang
Medal table
Olympic Stadium
Podium sweeps
Records Winter
Closing ceremony < Sochi 2014 Beijing 2022 >
Broadcasting
Summer
Marketing
Branding < Rio 2016 Tokyo 2020 >
Mascots
Video games Pyeongchang Winter
Sponsors
Olympics
Concerns and controversies
North Korean relations
Hangul 평창 동계 올림픽
Russian doping 대회
Official sanctions Hanja 平昌 冬季 올림픽
Reaction in Russia
大會
Reactions in Western media
Revised Pyeongchang
See also
Romanization Donggye Ollimpik
References
Daehoe
External links
McCune– P'yŏngch'ang
Reischauer Tonggye Ollimp'ik
Taehoe
Bidding and election XXIII Olympic Winter Games
Pyeongchang bid to host both the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost in the final rounds of voting toVancouver and Sochi respectively.[3] Hangul 제23회 동계 올림
Munich also launched a bid to host these Games. Prior to Beijing's successful 2022 Winter Olympics bid, Munich would have become the first
픽 대회
city to host both the Winter and the Summer Games, having previously hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, but received only 25 votes. Annecy Hanja 第二十三回 冬季
(in southeastern France) launched their own bid, which failed to secure public support from the local citizens. Their bid ended up receiving 올림픽 大會
seven votes.[4] Revised Jeisipsamhoe
Pyeongchang was elected as the host city at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban in 2011, earning the necessary majority of at least 48 votes in just Romanization Donggye Ollimpik
one round of voting, more votes than its competitors combined. With this, Pyeongchang became the third Asian city to host the Winter Games; Daehoe
the first two were in Japan, at Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998).[5][6] McCune– Cheisipsamhoe
Reischauer Tonggye Ollimp'ik
2018 Winter Olympics bidding results
Taehoe
City Nation Votes

Pyeongchang South Korea 63

Munich Germany 25

Annecy France 7

Development and preparation

On 5 August 2011, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced the formation of the Pyeongchang 2018 Coordination
Commission.[7][8] On 4 October 2011, it was announced that the Organizing Committee for the 2018 Winter Olympics would be headed by
Kim Jin-sun. The Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games (POCOG) was launched at its Pyeongchang

inaugural assembly on 19 October 2011. The first tasks of the organizing committee were putting together a master plan for the games as well
as forming a design for the venues.[9] The IOC Coordination Commission for the 2018 Winter Olympics made their first visit to Pyeongchang
in March 2012. By then, construction was already underway on the Olympic illage.
V [10][11] In June 2012, construction began on a high-speed

rail line that would connect Pyeongchang toSeoul.[12]

ganizing committee in July 2012.[13] Then-IOC

The International Paralympic Committeemet for an orientation with the Pyeongchang 2018 or
[14]
President Jacques Rogge visited Pyeongchang for the first time in February 2013.
Location in South Korea
The Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games created Pyeongchang WINNERS in 2014 by
recruiting university students living in South Korea to spread awareness of the Olympic Games through social networking services and news
articles.[15]

Medals
The Games' medal designs were unveiled on 21 September 2017. Designed by Lee Suk-woo, they feature a pattern of
diagonal ridges on both sides, with the front including the Olympic rings, and the obverse featuring the Games'
emblem, the event name and the discipline. The edge of the medals features extrusions of hangul alphabets, while the
[16]
ribbons are made from a traditional South Korean textile.

Torch relay
The torch relay started on 24 October 2017 in Greece and ended at the start of the Olympics on 9 February 2018. On 1
November 2017 the relay entered Korea. The relay lasted 101 days. There were 7,500 torch bearers to represent the
Korean population of 75 million people. There were also 2,018 support runners to guard the torch and act as
2018 Olympics gold medal
messengers.

The torch and its bearers traveled by a diverse means of transportation, including by turtle ship in Hansando Island, 2018 Winter
sailboat on the Baengmagang River in Buyeo, marine cable car in Yeosu, zip-wire over Bamseom Island, steam train in the Gokseong Train Village, marine rail Olympics torch
bike along the east coast inSamcheok, and by yacht in Busan Metropolitan City.

There were also robot torch relays inJeju and Daejeon.[17]

Venues
The Olympic events were held in the county of Pyeongchang, except for the ice events, which took place in the neighboring city of Gangneung,
and the downhill, combined and super-G events in the Alpine skiing, which took place in the neighboring county ofJeongseon.

Pyeongchang (mountain cluster)

Alpensia Sports Park

The Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, was the focus of the 2018 Winter Olympics.[18][19]

Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium– opening and closing ceremonies[20]

Olympic venues 2018
Alpensia Ski Jumping Centre– ski jumping, Nordic combined, snowboarding (big air)
Alpensia Biathlon Centre– biathlon
Alpensia Cross-Country Centre– cross-country skiing, Nordic combined
Alpensia Sliding Centre– luge, bobsleigh, and skeleton
Olympic Village
Yongpyong Alpine Centre– alpine skiing (slalom, giant slalom)

Stand-alone venues

Bogwang Phoenix Parkin Bongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang – freestyle skiing and snowboard

Jeongseon Alpine Centrein Pyeongchang's neighboring county ofJeongseon – alpine skiing (downhill, super-G and
combined)
Dragon Valley Ski Resort

Gangneung (coastal cluster)

The coastal cluster is located in Pyeongchang's neighboring city ofGangneung. The Gangneung Olympic Parkincludes the following four venues:

Gangneung Hockey Centre– ice hockey (men's competition)

Gangneung Curling Centre– curling
Gangneung Oval[20] – speed skating
Gangneung Ice Arena – short track speed skating and figure skating
In addition, a stand-alone venue is located on the grounds ofCatholic Kwandong University:

Kwandong Hockey Centre– ice hockey (women's competition)

Ticketing
Ticket prices for the 2018 Winter Olympics were announced in April 2016 and tickets went on sale in October 2016. Event tickets ranged in price from ₩20,000 (approx. US$17) to ₩900,000
(~US$776) while tickets for the opening and closing ceremonies ranged from ₩220,000 (~US$190) to ₩1.5 million (~US$1293). The exact prices were determined through market research;
around 50% of the tickets were expected to cost about ₩80,000 (~US$69) or less, and tickets in sports that are relatively unknown in the region, such as biathlon and luge, were made cheaper
[21]
in order to encourage attendance. By contrast, figure skating and the men's ice hockey gold-medal game carried the most expensive tickets of the Games.

As of 11 October 2017, domestic ticket sales for the Games were reported to be slow. Of the 750,000 seats allocated to South Koreans, only 20.7% had been sold. International sales were more
[22][23] However, as of 31 January 2018, 77% of all tickets had been sold.
favorable, with 59.7% of the 320,000 allocated tickets sold. [24]

The Games

Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 9 February 2018; the US$100 million facility
was only intended to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies of these Olympics and the subsequent Paralympics, and is scheduled to be
demolished following their conclusion.[25]

Sports
The 2018 Winter Olympics featured 102 events in 15 sports,[26] making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Six new events in
existing sports were introduced to the Winter Olympic program in Pyeongchang, including men's and ladies' big air snowboarding, mixed doubles
[27][26]
curling, men's and ladies' mass start speed skating, and mixed team alpine skiing.

Alpine skiing (11) () Luge (4) ()

Biathlon (11) () Nordic combined (3) ()
Bobsleigh (3) () Short track speed skating(8) () Olympic cauldron in
Cross-country skiing (12) () Skeleton (2) () Pyeongchang Olympic
Stadium
Curling (3) () Ski jumping (4) ()
Figure skating (5) () Snowboarding (10) ()
Freestyle skiing (10) () Speed skating (14) ()
Ice hockey (2) ()

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.

For the first time since 1998, theNational Hockey Leaguedid not provide accommodations (including a break in the season for all teams during the Olympics) to allow its players to participate
in the men's ice hockey tournament. The NHL's decision stemmed from their demands that the IOC cover the cost of insuring the NHL players who participated in the Games. Although the
IOC did pay to insure NHL players in Sochi, the commission was unwilling to do so for Pyeongchang, and was concerned that the NHL's demand could set a precedent for other professional
sports bodies to follow. NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman added that a factor in the decision was that the IOC did not allow the NHL to promote the involvement of its players in the
Olympics.[28][29][30] The NHL secured the cooperation of the International Ice Hockey Federation and the IOC, who agreed to establish a blacklist forbidding national teams from nominating
[31][32]
or accepting players under NHL contract to their Olympic rosters.

Participating National Olympic Committees

A total of 92 teams qualified at least one athlete to compete in the Games. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in
parentheses). Six nations made their Winter Olympics debut: Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.[33][34] Athletes from three further countries – the Cayman Islands,
International Ski Federation(FIS).[35]
Dominica and Peru – qualified to compete, but all three National Olympic Committees returned the quota spots back to the

Under an historic agreement facilitated by the IOC, qualified athletes from North Korea were allowed to cross the Korean Demilitarized Zone into South Korea to compete in the
Games.[36][37][38] The two nations marched together under theKorean Unification Flagduring the opening ceremony.[39][40] A unified Korean team, consisting of 12 players from North Korea
and 23 from South Korea, competed in the women's ice hockey tournament under a special IOC country code designation (COR) following talks in Panmunjom on 17 January 2018.[41] The
two nations also participated separately: the South Korea team competed in every sport and the North Korea team competed in alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating and short track
speed skating.[42] See North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics for further details.

On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that the Russian Olympic Committeehad been suspended due to the Russian doping controversyand the investigation into the 2014 Winter Olympics
in Sochi. Individual Russian athletes, who qualified and could demonstrate they had complied with the IOC's doping regulations, were given the option to compete at the 2018 games as
"Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) under the Olympic flag and with the Olympic anthem played at any ceremony.[43]
 The participating countries at the Winter Olympics 2018
Debuting countries at the Winter Olympics

Participating National Olympic Committees[44][45][46][47][48][49]

Albania (2) Ecuador (1) Kosovo (1) Pakistan (2)

Andorra (5) Eritrea (1) Kyrgyzstan (2) Philippines (2)
Argentina (7) Estonia (22) Latvia (34) Poland (62)
Armenia (3) Finland (100) Lebanon (3) Portugal (2)
Australia (50) France (106) Liechtenstein (3) Puerto Rico (1)
Austria (105) Georgia (4) Lithuania (9) Romania (27)
Azerbaijan (1) Germany (153) Luxembourg (1) San Marino (1)
Belarus (33) Ghana (1) Macedonia (3) Serbia (4)
Belgium (22) Great Britain (58) Madagascar (1) Singapore (1)
Bermuda (1) Greece (4) Malaysia (2) Slovakia (56)
Bolivia (2) Hong Kong (1) Malta (1)
Slovenia (71)
Bosnia and Herzegovina(4) Hungary (19) Mexico (4) South Africa (1)
Brazil (9) Iceland (5) Moldova (2)
South Korea (123)[a] (host nation)
Bulgaria (21) India (2) Monaco (4)
Spain (13)
Canada (225) Iran (4) Mongolia (2)
Sweden (116)
Chile (7) Ireland (5) Montenegro (3)
China (80) Switzerland (166)
Israel (10) Morocco (2)
Chinese Taipei (4) Netherlands (33) Thailand (4)
Italy (120)
Colombia (4) New Zealand (21) Togo (1)
Jamaica (3)
Croatia (19) Nigeria (3) Tonga (1)
Japan (124)
Turkey (8)
Cyprus (1) Kazakhstan (46) North Korea (10)[a]
Czech Republic (93) Norway (109) Ukraine (33)
Kenya (1)
Denmark (17) Olympic Athletes from United States (241)
Korea (35)[a]
Russia (168)[b] Uzbekistan (2)
East Timor (1)

NOCs that participated in 2014, but not in 2018. NOCs that participated in 2018, but not in 2014.

British Virgin Islands Russia[b] Bolivia Madagascar

Cayman Islands Tajikistan Colombia Malaysia
Dominica Venezuela Ecuador Nigeria
Nepal Virgin Islands Eritrea North Korea[a]
Paraguay Zimbabwe Ghana Olympic Athletes from Russia[b]
Peru Kenya Puerto Rico
Korea[a] Singapore
Kosovo South Africa

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee

IOC Code Country Athletes
USA United States 242

CAN Canada 225

SUI Switzerland 169

OAR Olympic Athletes from Russia[b] 168

GER Germany 156

JPN Japan 124

KOR South Korea[a] 123

ITA Italy 122

SWE Sweden 116

NOR Norway 109

FRA France 107

FIN Finland 106

AUT Austria 105

CZE Czech Republic 95

CHN China 80

SLO Slovenia 71

POL Poland 62

GBR Great Britain 58

SVK Slovakia 56

AUS Australia 50

KAZ Kazakhstan 46

COR Korea[a] 35

LAT Latvia 34

NED Netherlands 33

BLR Belarus 33

UKR Ukraine 33

ROU Romania 27

EST Estonia 22

BEL Belgium 22

BUL Bulgaria 21

NZL New Zealand 20

CRO Croatia 19

HUN Hungary 19

DEN Denmark 17

ESP Spain 13

ISR Israel 10

PRK North Korea[a] 10

BRA Brazil 9

LTU Lithuania 9

TUR Turkey 8

CHI Chile 7

ARG Argentina 7

AND Andorra 5

ISL Iceland 5

IRL Ireland 5

BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 4

COL Colombia 4

GEO Georgia 4

GRE Greece 4

IRI Iran 4

MEX Mexico 4
 MON Monaco 4

SRB Serbia 4

TPE Chinese Taipei 4

THA Thailand 4

ARM Armenia 3

JAM Jamaica 3

LBN Lebanon 3

LIE Liechtenstein 3

MKD Macedonia 3

MNE Montenegro 3

NGR Nigeria 3

ALB Albania 2

BOL Bolivia 2

IND India 2

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 2

MAS Malaysia 2

MDA Moldova 2

MGL Mongolia 2

MAR Morocco 2

PAK Pakistan 2

PHI Philippines 2

POR Portugal 2

UZB Uzbekistan 2

AZE Azerbaijan 1

BER Bermuda 1

CYP Cyprus 1

ECU Ecuador 1

ERI Eritrea 1

GHA Ghana 1

HKG Hong Kong 1

KEN Kenya 1

KOS Kosovo 1

LUX Luxembourg 1

MAD Madagascar 1

MLT Malta 1

PUR Puerto Rico 1

SMR San Marino 1

SGP Singapore 1

RSA South Africa 1

TLS East Timor 1

TGA Tonga 1

TOG Togo 1

a Apart from the respective delegations, North Korea and South Korea formed a unified Korean women's ice hockey team .
b Russian athletes participated as Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) if individually cleared by the IOC.

Event scheduling
To accommodate primetime broadcasts in the Americas, figure skating events were scheduled with morning start times; figure skating in particular has typically been one of the most popular
Winter Olympic events among U.S. viewers. This scheduling practice had an impact on the events themselves, including skaters having to adjust to the modified schedule, as well as the
attendance levels of the sessions themselves.[50]

Conversely, and somewhat controversially, eight of the eleven biathlon events were scheduled at night, making it necessary for competitors to ski and shoot under floodlights, with colder
temperatures and blustery winds.[51]

Calendar
 All dates are KST (UTC+9)

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals EG Exhibition gala CC Closing ceremony

8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th
February Events
Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

OC CC N/A
Ceremonies

Alpine
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 11
skiing

Biathlon 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11

Bobsleigh ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 3

Cross-
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12
country skiing

Curling ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 3

Figure
● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 EG 5
skating

Freestyle
● 1 1 ● 1 1 2 ● 1 1 1 1 10
skiing

Ice hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2

Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 1 4

Nordic
1 1 1 3
combined

Short
track speed 1 1 2 1 3 8
skating

Skeleton ● 1 1 2

Ski
● 1 1 ● 1 1 4
jumping

● 1 1 1 1 1 1 ● ● 1 3 10
Snowboarding

Speed
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 14
skating

Daily medal
0 0 5 6 7 8 4 9 7 9 6 3 5 7 10 4 8 4
events
102
Cumulative
0 0 5 11 18 26 30 39 46 55 61 64 69 76 86 90 98 102
total

8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th Total
February
Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun events

Medal table
Host nation (South Korea)[52]
 Rank NOC Gold Silver Bronze Total

1 Norway (NOR) 14 14 11 39

2 Germany (GER) 14 10 7 31

3 Canada (CAN) 11 8 10 29

4 United States (USA) 9 8 6 23

5 Netherlands (NED) 8 6 6 20

6 Sweden (SWE) 7 6 1 14

7 South Korea (KOR) 5 8 4 17

8 Switzerland (SUI) 5 6 4 15

9 France (FRA) 5 4 6 15

10 Austria (AUT) 5 3 6 14

11 Japan (JPN) 4 5 4 13

12 Italy (ITA) 3 2 5 10

13 Olympic Athletes from Russia(OAR) 2 6 9 17

14 Czech Republic (CZE) 2 2 3 7

15 Belarus (BLR) 2 1 0 3

16 China (CHN) 1 6 2 9

17 Slovakia (SVK) 1 2 0 3

18 Finland (FIN) 1 1 4 6

19 Great Britain (GBR) 1 0 4 5

20 Poland (POL) 1 0 1 2

Hungary (HUN) 1 0 0 1
21
Ukraine (UKR) 1 0 0 1

23 Australia (AUS) 0 2 1 3

24 Slovenia (SLO) 0 1 1 2

25 Belgium (BEL) 0 1 0 1

Spain (ESP) 0 0 2 2
26
New Zealand (NZL) 0 0 2 2

Kazakhstan (KAZ) 0 0 1 1

28 Latvia (LAT) 0 0 1 1

Liechtenstein (LIE) 0 0 1 1

Total (30 NOCs) 103 102 102 307

Podium sweeps
Three podium sweeps were recorded during the Games.

Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze Ref

10 February Speed skating Women's 3000 metres Netherlands Carlijn Achtereekte Ireen Wüst Antoinette de Jong [53]

11 February Cross-country skiing Men's 30 km skiathlon Norway Simen Hegstad Krüger Martin Johnsrud Sundby Hans Christer Holund [54]

20 February Nordic combined Individual large hill/10 km Germany Johannes Rydzek Fabian Rießle Eric Frenzel [55]

Records
Noriaki Kasai of Japan became the first athlete in history to participate in eight Winter Olympics when he took part in the ski jumping qualification the day before the
opening of the Games.[56] The previous record of seven Winter Olympics was held by Russian luger Albert Demchenko.

American Nathan Chen became the first figure skater to land fivequadruple jumps in one program.[57]

German figure skatersAliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot set a new ISU best free skating scoreof 159.31 in pair skating.[58]

Canadian figure skatersTessa Virtue and Scott Moir set a new ISU best short dance scoreof 83.67[59] and a new ISU best combined total scoreof 206.07[60] in ice
dance. French ice dancers Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron set a new ISU best free dance scoreof 123.35.[61]

Russian figure skater Alina Zagitova set a new ISU best short program scoreof 82.92 in Ladies' single skating.[62]

Dutch speed skater Sven Kramer won gold in the men's 5000m event, becoming the only male speed skater to win
the same Olympic event three times. He was also the
first man to win a total ofeight Olympic medals in speed skating.[63]

Dutch speed skater Ireen Wüst won an individual gold medal for the fourth Olympics in a row
, the first time this had been achieved by a Winter Olympian. She also
became the first speed skater (male or female) to winten Winter Olympic medalsand the first female Winter Olympian to winnine individual medals.[64]

Chinese short track speed skaterWu Dajing beat the men's 500m world record twice en route to winning a gold medal, becoming only the second person in history to
[65]
skate the discipline in under 40 seconds (after American J. R. Celski), and the first to achieve this at "sea level".
 Dutch athlete Jorien ter Mors became the first female athlete to win Olympic medals intwo different sports at a single Winter Games;[66] she won a speed skating gold
medal in the 1000 meters and she was also part of the Dutch short track team that won bronze in the 3000 metre relay.

Ester Ledecká of the Czech Republic won gold in theskiing super-G event and another gold in thesnowboarding parallel giant slalom, making her the first female athlete
to win Olympic gold medals intwo different sports at a single Winter Games.[67]

Norwegian cross-country skierMarit Bjørgen won bronze in the women's team sprint and gold in the 30 kilometre classical event, bringing her total Olympic medal haul to
.[68] The record was previously held by fellow Norwegian athleteOle Einar Bjørndalen who
fifteen, the most won by any athlete(male or female) in Winter Olympics history
has thirteen Olympic medals.

Germany and Canada tied for gold in the two-man bobsleigh event, only the
second time in history that two countries had tied for a gold medal in this particular event, the
first time being in the 1998 Winter Olympics twenty years earlier.[69]

Norway won a total of 39 medals, setting a new record for the highest number of medals won at a single Winter Olympics. Their 39th medal was the gold won by cross-
country skier Marit Bjørgen in the 30km classical event. The record was previously held by the USA who won 37 medals inancouver
V in 2010.[70]

Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadiumon 25 February 2018, as Thomas Bach, the IOC president, declared the Games closed, and
the cauldron extinguished.

Broadcasting
Broadcast rights to the 2018 Winter Olympics in some countries were already sold as part of long-term broadcast rights deals, including the Games' local rightsholder SBS, which in July 2011
[71] SBS sub-licensed its rights toMBC and KBS.[72]
had extended its rights to the Olympics through to 2024.

On 29 June 2015, the IOC announced that Discovery Communications had acquired exclusive rights to the Olympics across all of Europe outside of Russia, from 2018 through to 2024.
Discovery's pan-European Eurosport networks were promoted as the main rightsholder of the Games, but Discovery free-to-air channels such as DMAX in Spain,[73] Kanal 5 in Sweden and
TVNorge in Norway, were also involved.[74] Discovery was required to sub-licence at least 100 hours of coverage to free-to-air broadcasters in each market;[75][76][77] some of these
agreements required certain sports to be exclusive to Eurosport and its affiliated networks.[78][78] The deal did not initially cover France due to France Télévisions' rights, which run through to
the 2020 Games.[79] In the United Kingdom, Discovery held exclusive pay television rights under license from the BBC, in return for BBC sub-licencing the free-to-air rights to the 2022 and
2024 Olympics from Discovery.[80]

Despite the Russian team being formally banned from competing under its flag in Pyeongchang, Russian state broadcaster Channel One, and sports channel Match TV, still committed to
covering the Games with a focus on Russian athletes.[79] Russia was not affected by the Eurosport deal, due to a pre-existing contract held by a marketing agency which runs through to
2024.[79]

In the United States, the Games were once again broadcast by NBCUniversal properties under a long-term contract.[81][82] As U.S. Eastern Time is fourteen hours behind Pyeongchang,
morning events naturally fell within U.S. prime time hours (8pm to 11pm). This allowed NBC to broadcast its prime time coverage live in all U.S. time zones, rather than showing delayed
footage as they had in previous Olympics.[83][84] Notably, figure skating events were deliberately scheduled for the morning in Pyeongchang to accommodate the network’s live broadcast to a
peak U.S. audience in the evening.[50] However, the opening and closing ceremonies were still delayed until prime time for the U.S. audience and NBC did not repeat its previous practice of
broadcasting the ceremonies vialive streaming.

NHK and Olympic Broadcasting Services(OBS) once again filmed portions of the Games, including 90 hours of footage of selected events and the opening ceremonies, in high-dynamic-range
8K resolution video.[85][86] In South Korea, ATSC 3.0 digital terrestrial television at 4K resolution was introduced in 2017 in time for the Olympics.[87][88] In the U.S., this footage was
delivered in 4K by NBCUniversal parent Comcast to participating television providers, including its own Xfinity, as well as DirecTV and Dish Network. NBC's Raleigh, North Carolina
TSC 3.0 test broadcasts.[89][90][91]
affiliate WRAL-TV also held demonstration viewings as part of its A

The 2018 Winter Olympics were also used to showcase5G wireless technologies, as part of a collaboration between domestic wireless sponsor
KT, and worldwide sponsorIntel. Several venues
were outfitted with 5G networks to facilitate features such as live camera feeds from bobsleds, and multi-camera views from cross-country and figure skating events. These were offered as part
[92][93]
of public demonstrations coordinated by KT and Intel.

Marketing

Branding
The emblem for the Games was unveiled on 3 May 2013. It is a stylized representation of the hangul letters ㅍ p and ㅊ ch, being the initial sounds of 평창 Pyeongchang. The left symbol is
said to represent the Korean philosophical triad of heaven, earth and humanity (Korean: 천지인 cheon-ji-in), and the right symbol a crystal of ice.[94] In the emblem and all official materials,
Pyeongchang was stylized inCamelCase as "PyeongChang", in order to alleviate potential confusion withPyongyang—the similarly-named capital of neighbouringNorth Korea.[95]

Mascots
( 호랑), a white tiger, and Bandabi (반다비), an Asiatic black bear, were unveiled on 2 June 2016.[96][97]
The official mascots for the Games, Soohorang 수

Video games
In June 2017, Ubisoft announced that it would release an expansion pack for its winter sports video game Steep entitled Road to the Olympics,
Intel Extreme Masters
inter Olympics.[98][99]
which features new game modes and content inspired by the 2018 W
Season 12 – Pyeongchang
In November 2017, the IOC announced it would support and sponsor an Intel Extreme Masters StarCraft II tournament in Pyeongchang Tournament information
preceding the Games. Its support of the tournament as a de facto demonstration event came on the heels of a report by the IOC which Sport StarCraft II
recognized that eSports "could be considered as a sporting activity".[100][101][102] The tournament was won by Sasha "Scarlett" Hostyn of
Location Pyeongchang,
Canada; she became the second North American pro to place first at a major StarCraft II tournament in South Korea, and the first woman to
South Korea
win a major tournament.[103][104]
Administrator(s) Electronic Sports
League
Sponsors Final positions
The 2018 Winter Olympics saw increasing granularity in official sponsorships for technology vendors;Intel signed with the IOC to become part Champions Scarlett
of its Worldwide Olympic Partner program, to promote 5G wireless technology, as well as broadcasting technology such as 360-degree video Runner-up sOs
and virtual reality. Alibaba Group was also named the official e-commerce and cloud services provider. These categories affected how the
vendors were allowed to promote themselves within the context of the Olympics: Samsung could showcase VR experiences but only within the context of its own smartphones due to Intel's
sponsorship rights in relation to VR; Alibaba could not promote Alipay due to Visa Inc. sponsorship rights; and Intel could not promote end-user applications of 5G due to national sponsorship
rights held by KT Corporation.[105][106]

Concerns and controversies

North Korean relations

Due to the state of relations between North and South Korea, concerns were raised over the security of the 2018 Winter Olympics, especially in the
wake of tensions over North Korean missile and nuclear tests. On 20 September 2017, South Korean president Moon Jae-in stated that the country
would ensure the security of the Games.[107] The next day, Laura Flessel-Colovic, the French Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, stated that
[108]
France would pull out of the Games if the safety of its delegation could not be guaranteed.

The next day, Austria and Germany raised similar concerns and also threatened to skip the Games. France later reaffirmed its participation.[109] In
early December 2017, theUnited States Ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, told Fox News that it was an "open question" whether the
United States was going to participate in the games, citing security concerns in the region.[110] However, days later the White House Press
Secretary, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, stated that the United States would participate.[111]

In his New Year's address on 1 January 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un proposed talks in Seoul over the country's participation in the
Games, which would be the first high-level talks between the North and South in over two years. Because of the talks, held on 9 January, North
Korea agreed to field athletes in Pyeongchang.[112][113] On 17 January 2018, it was announced that North and South Korea had agreed to field a
unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the Games, and to enter together under a Korean Unification Flag during the opening
ceremony.[114][115] Protesters at Gwanghwamun
Plaza criticizing the game's pro-
These moves were met with opposition in South Korea, including protests and online petitions; critics argued that the government was attempting North Korean measures, calling it
to use the Olympics to spread pro-North Korean sentiment, and that the unified hockey team would fail.[116] A rap video entitled "The Regret for the "Pyongyang Olympics"
Pyeongchang" (평창유감), which echoed this criticism and called the event the "Pyongyang Olympics", went viral in the country.[117] Japan's
foreign affairs minister Tarō Kōno warned South Korea to be wary of North Korea's "charm offensive", and not to ease its pressure on the
country.[114][118]

The South Korean President, Moon Jae-in, at the start of the Olympics shook hands with the sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and a prominent figure of the regime, Kim Yo-jong.
This marked the first time since the Korean War that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea.[119][120] In contrast, US Vice President Mike Pence met North Korean
defectors in PyeongChang joined by Fred Warmbier, whose son Otto died the year before after being released from North Korean captivity.[121] American officials said that North Korea
cancelled a meeting with Pence at the last minute.[122]

The apparent softening of relations between the two countries was marred by North Korea dispatching general Kim Yong-chol to head the North Korean delegation present at the closing
ceremony. The arrival of Kim, held responsible by South Korea for the deaths of dozens of South Korean navy personnel, was met with 'hostility' but the government did not oppose his
T [123]
presence at the Olympics. The general ended up being seated in the same stand as the daughter of the president of the USA, Ivankarump.

Russian doping

Official sanctions
Russia's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the aftermath of its state-sponsored doping program. As a result, the IOC suspended the Russian Olympic Committee in
December 2017, although Russian athletes whitelisted by the IOC were allowed to compete neutrally under the OAR (Olympic Athletes from Russia) designation.[124] The official sanctions
imposed by the IOC included: the exclusion of Russian government officials from the Games; the use of the Olympic Flag and Olympic Anthem in place of the Russian flag and anthem; and
[125]
the submission of a replacement logo for the OAR uniforms.

By early January 2018, the IOC had banned 43 Russian athletes from competing in the 2018 Winter Olympics and all future Olympic Games (as part of the Oswald Commission). Of those
athletes, 42 appealed against their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS) and 28 of the appeals were successful, but eleven of the athletes had their sanctions upheld due to the weight
of evidence against them. The IOC stated that the court ruling did not prove that the 28 athletes were innocent and that they would not necessarily be invited to the 2018 Games. Three of the
[126]
athletes who appealed are still awaiting their hearings.

The eventual number of neutral Russian athletes that participated at the 2018 Games was 168. These were selected from an original pool of 500 athletes that was put forward for consideration
and, in order to receive an invitation to the Games, they were obliged to meet a number of pre-games conditions to rule out any possibility of doping.

Reaction in Russia
Russian president Vladimir Putin and other officials had signalled in the past that it would be a humiliation if Russian athletes were not allowed to compete under the Russian flag.[127]
However, there were never actually any official plans to boycott the 2018 Games[124] and in late 2017 the Russian government agreed to allow their athletes to compete at the Games as
individuals under a neutral designation.[128][129] Despite this public show of co-operation, there were numerous misgivings voiced by leading Russian politicians, including a statement from
Putin himself saying that he believed the United States had used its influence within the IOC to "orchestrate the doping scandal".[130] 86% of the Russian population opposed participation at
the Olympics under a neutral flag[131] and many Russian fans attended the Games wearing the Russian colours and chanting "Russia!" in unison, in an act of defiance against the ban.
[132]

Reactions in Western media

The IOC's decision was criticized by Jack Robertson, primary investigator of the Russian doping program on behalf of the World Anti-Doping Agency, who said that the IOC has issued "a non-
punitive punishment meant to save face while protecting the [IOC's] and Russia's commercial and political interests". He also emphasized that Russian whistleblowers provided empirical
evidence that "99 percent of [their] national-level teammates were doping". According to Robertson, "[WADA] has discovered that when a Russian athlete [reaches] the national level, he or she
[has] no choice in the matter: [it is] either dope, or you're done". "There is currently no intelligence I have seen or heard about that indicates the state-sponsored doping program has ceased", he
added.[133] It was also reported that Russian officials intensively lobbied US politicians in an apparent attempt to achieve Grigory Rodchenkov's (main whistleblower) extradition to
Russia.[134]
Justin Peters of Slate magazine wrote that the IOC "ended up with a situation that seemed to negate the entire point of the sanctions against Russia. The IOC did not want there to be a Russian
Olympic team at the Pyeongchang Games. And yet the hockey, curling, and figure-skating arenas are full of teams of Russian Olympians ... [this is] a half-hearted wrist slap issued by an entity
[135]
that appears more interested in saving face than in protecting athletes".
CAS decision to overturn life bans of 28 Russian athletes and restore their medals met fierce criticism among Olympic officials, including IOC president Thomas Bach who had said this
decision is "extremely disappointing and surprising". Grigory Rodchenkov's lawyer has said that "the CAS decision would allow doped athletes to escape without punishment".[136] "[CAS
decision] provides yet another ill-gotten gain for the corrupt Russian doping system generally
See also
2018 Summer Youth Olympics
2018 Winter Paralympics
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External links
Pyeongchang 2018
Pyeongchang 2018 (IOC)

Winter Olympics
Preceded by Succeeded by
Pyeongchang
Sochi Beijing
XXIII Olympic Winter Games (2018)

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