F UN-INST \ | THERMAL CONDUCTIVITy OF INSULATING POWDERTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING POWDER AIM To determine the thermal conductivity of insulating powder at various heat inputs. THEORY i) FOURIER LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION This law states that rate of heat flow through a surface is directly proportional to the area normal to the surface and the temperature gradient across the surface. the heat flows from higher temperature to the lower Negative sign indicates that thermal conductivity. temperature. K is called the ii) | THERMALGBONDUCTIVITY ¥f heat that can flow per unit time across a unit cross sectional area when the temperature gradient is unity. The unis of thermal conductivity are wim-k. Materials having higher thermal conductivity are called conductors while those having lower thermal conductivity are called insulators. Examples for good conductors include all metals. While asbestos, magnesia, glass wool etc., are some of the examples for insulators. This can be defined as the amount of ili) The radial heat conduction for single hollow sphere transferring heat from inside to outside is given by 4m K tito (Ti - To) Where q= rate of heat transfer in watts. K = Thermal conductivity wim-k n= radius of inner sphere —™ = radius of outer sphere - Temperature of the inner sphere Temperature of the outer sphere.DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS The apparatus consists of tow concentric copper spheres. Heating coil is provided in the inner sphere. The space between the inner and outer spheres are filled by the insulating powder whose thermal conductivity is to be determined. The power supply to the heating coil is adjusted by using dimmerstat. Chromel - Alumel thermocouples are used to record the temperatures. Thermocouples 1 to 6 are embedded on the surface of inner sphere and 7 to 12 are embedded on the outer shell surface. SPECIFICATIONS _ Radius of inner sphere 1 2. Radius of outer sphere 3. Wattmeter - A and V (separate) Ammeter 0 -15 amps 4 5. Dimmerstat - 2-5 Kw Voltmeter - 3000V Temperature measurement — 0-400 °C Precautions: (1) Check all electrical connection (2) Keep dimmerstat to zero volt position before and after the test PRECAUTIONS— | oreo! 4. Check all the electrical connections and give Ac input to the unit. 2. Operate the dimmerstatand slowly increase the hedt inputdo the heater and adjust the voltage to say 50V. ~ 3. Maintain the same heat input till steady state is reached. This can be checked by reading the temperatures of thermocouples 1 to 14 till there is no change in their readings with time. 4. Note down the temperature readings as well as current and voltage readings. 5. Repeat the experiment for other heat inputs. OBSERVATION TABLE Heat input Inner surface temp °C Outer surface temp °C i SI No. |v |a [Watts | T1| Te | T3| Ts | Ts | Te Tt to| Td Tro] TH TH T 1. | 53)0.4] 21.2 |72| 72 | 72) 73) 73 7a] 94 34 34 38 36 | 35 \SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS T1+T2+T34+T4+T5+T6 72+72473+73+73+73 6 6 | = 725°C T7+T8+T9+T 1047114712 34433+34+35+36+35 6 6 = 34.5°C K= (ro -ti) ito n(Ti- To) Where ri =0.05m ro =0.1m q =212 21.2 (0.1 - 0.05) 4m x 0.05 x 0.1 (72.5 - 34.5) C qi K = 0.4439 Wimk Graph: Plot the graph of K vs heat input RRR RR= a: ot | ee nose Anjar |_ sew Fae ots HOTTEST EIT aR sma | “#3OMOd ONILY INSNT 40 ALIALDNGNOD VISNINT SMS LE XD O02 (AIG MOY THD) 5 ON BNIAVEO| awie3HL ONINIWYILIO HOI snivuvade| 21v9s ~PLSNIAINN, Dus 22 won (so4n wrod Teddoo| ey : a ae Soom ssa se |e aa as-2u0TV ONE aos BuOT Hi -uovaj__sajonosowsoui| 7 > 4 Tp | aeove} sawvewoo SINBNWISNT TWSYIAINN|~ On FL VISNEINY | OSC REGOETSOTED SSN WM 8rd nveD| —S oa | a3 | nena Gur [VENTA [EST UBT N mE? BEL TerDOV BN Siva] Su Sao Gaon mOOL at SHO S7E WORD aol] WH OF 5 29UD/9/0, jwW U! 2/0 suKUaMID BY H.3LON TIE nauraaes 1231 40 Souniewaauik 914 TE Dg naungas 1594 so Saunuvusawai- tia ure T vISNrINA |, Suva TUVNOS SH ge TOSIIN] MEd? ST IANIONUIAL OI HOLIMS BOLITTIS| YSOTS [0002 “yITIOYINOD ¥HVIH HOI ¥IHHIO| WISNEINN Dv 7 $-0 vase WISI] OC 7 WLSNI-INT, 3,007-O-wOIVOTONT AH WLIO] —_—Z VISNFINA D¥ A00e-0 JaLaHIIOA WIISIO| + Sav SWI30 TyNed INDUS on 78] eon f me ] | ‘Aono aVve knots aos| toy} a \ ae