1 Advance payment to vendors 05.01.

2018 F-48 200000

2 Post Vendor Invoice FB60 150000

3 Post Vendor Invoice FB60 50000

4 Transfer From special to normal F-54

5 4 Clear Vendor F-44

1 Advance payment to vendors 05.01.2018 F-48 300000

2 Post Vendor Invoice FB60 700000

3 Post Vendor Payment F-53 400000

4 Transfer From special to normal F-54 300000

5 Clear Vendor F-44

BACKGROUND

CUSTOMER MASTER IS PRIMARY MASTER DATA IN SAP SD. TO CREATE CUSTOMER MASTER WE
NEED ACCOUNT GROUP. ACCOUNT GROUP: ACCOUNT GROUP IS ACCUMULATION OF SIMILAR
ACCOUNTS. THE MASTER RECORDS IN THE CUSTOMER HIERARCHY ARE CONTROLLED BY
THEIR ACCOUNT GROUPS.

1. IT DETERMINES OPTIONAL, MANDATORY AND NOT REQUIRES INFORMATION FOR

CUSTOMER.
2. PARTNER FUNCTIONS IS ALSO LINKED WITH ACCOUNT GROUP.
3. ACCOUNT GROUP DEFINES THE WAY, NUMBERS ARE ASSIGNED TO CUSTOMER.

T-CODE FOR CREATE CUSTOMER MASTER - FD01 / XD01 / VD01

 FD01- COMPANY CODE LEVEL & DATA WILL BE STORED IN TABLES KNA1 AND KNB1.
 XD01- INCLUDE SALES AREA & DATA WILL BE STORED IN TABLES KNA1, KNB1 AND
KNVV (WITH COMPANY CODE DATA).
 VD01 - INCLUDE SALES AREA & DATA WILL BE STORED IN TABLES KNA1, KNB1 AND
KNVV (W/O COMPANY CODE DATA).
MAIN TRANSACTION CODES IN A CUSTOMER MASTER

TRANSACTION DESCRIPTION
CODES

XD01, XD02, XD03 USED TO CREATE/CHANGE/DISPLAY CUSTOMER CENTRALLY

VD01,VD02,VD03 USED TO CREATE/CHANGE/DISPLAY CUSTOMER SALES AREA

FD01,FD02,FD03 USED TO CREATE/CHANGE/DISPLAY CUSTOMER COMPANY CODE

XD04 DISPLAY CHANGE DOCUMENTS

XD05 DISPLAY CHANGE DOCUMENTSUSED TO BLOCK CUSTOMER − GLOBAL, ORDER,

DELIVERY, BILLING, SALES AREA, ETC.

XD06 USED FOR DELETION

XD07 CHANGE ACCOUNT GROUP

VAP1 CREATE CONTACT PERSON

KEY TABLES IN CUSTOMER MASTER

TABLE NAME DESCRIPTION

KNA1 GENERAL INFORMATION

KNB1 COMPANY CODE

KNVV SALES AREA

KNBK BANK DATA

VCNUM CREDIT CARD

VCKUN CREDIT CARD ASSIGNMENT

MASSKNVK GENERAL DATA IN CUSTOMER MASTER

KNVK CONTACT PERSON

KNVP PARTNER FUNCTIONS

MASSKNVK CONTACT PARTNER

MASSKNVD RRECORD SALES REQUEST FORM

KNVL CUSTOMER MASTER LICENSES

KNVI TAX INDICATOR

KNVA UNLOADING POINTS

KNAS VAT REGISTRATION NUMBERS GENERAL SECTION

COST OBJECT CONTROLLING FOR MAKE-TO- ORDER, SERVICE INDUSTRIES

Cost Object Controlling for Mark-to- Stock Manufacturing and Sales Order Related
Production

Cost Element Accounting

Within controlling there are four distinct master data types, cost elements, cost
centers, activity types and statistical key figures, each is tightly integrated with each
other. At the center of all this are cost elements, each posting in cost accounting is
linked to a cost element and at least one controlling object, such as cost center,
internal order, WBS elements, business processes and production orders. There are
two types of cost element primary and secondary

primary cost element have a one-to-one relationship with an G/L account within FI and thus have a link with FI
Primary
or SD, which means a G/L must exist.
secondary cost elements which are internal to CO only (they don't exist in FI), they have no direct connection
Secondary to FI. This have the ability to track costs via multiple postings to cost objects, we have to have secondary costs
elements to assign the costs.

Cost Element Categories

Cost elements are also divided into categories, the category has a technical control
function, it determines the nature of the posting, whether it is a revenue or cost,
whether it is a direct or indirect posting (activity type) and finally whether it is an
internal or external posting to CO.

Primary Cost Element Categories (FI integration)

01: General primary cost elements used to capture all primary cost accounting transactions
03: Imputed cost elements, cost element percentage used in cost center accounting to post calculated imputed costs, Create
method (Accrual/Deferral per Surcharge) accrual calculations when you are using the percentage method
04: Imputed cost elements, Accrual Calculation target = used in cost center accounting to post calculated imputed costs, Create
actual method accrual calculations when you are using the target = actual method
Used to post revenue in controlling, revenues are tracked in profitabilit
11: Revenue elements
in profit center accounting in the Enterprise controlling.
12: Sales Deductions Used by CO to track any sales adjustments or deductions.
Used to post any settlement to an object outside of controlling. An exa
22: External Elements
from an inter order to a G/L account.
Used to post costs statistically to asset reconciliation accounts. These w
90: Cost elements for balance sheet accounts in FI
when you create the cost elements for accounts within FI that are of th
Secondary Cost Element Categories (CO only)
Used to track internal settlement activity, an example would be a settl
21: Internal settlements
to a cost center
31: Order/project result analysis used to track results analysis activity from an inter order or project
41: Overhead used to allocate indirect costs from costs centers to orders or from cost
42: Assessment used during assessment to allocate costs
used to allocate costs, like labor and overhead in a maintenance order
43: Internal activity allocation
postings
50: Incoming order sales revenue used to track internal revenue allocations within CO coming from incom
51: Incoming orders: Other revenue used to track other revenues such as imputed revenue values
52: Incoming orders: costs used to track costs from sales orders
61: Earned Values used for tracking values from project system (PS)

Cost Element Creation

Creating cost elements is very time consuming and thankfully SAP has create a
number of processes to make life a bit easy for us.

Manual Use the below transaction codes

Creation
primary
elements  KA01 - Create
  KA02 - Modify
 KA03 - Display
 KA04 - Delete
 KA23 - Display all cost elements

Use the below steps, also it will not overwrite any existing costs elements but it will display errors

1. Use transaction code OKB2 to define the default settings

Automatic
Creation

2. Use transaction code OKB3 to create the batch input session, the first screen details the batch input param
shows you what costs element will be created
 3. Use transaction code SM35 to execute the batch input session

Also I have manually created the below secondary elements that will be used in
the cost center section as part of the DCC configuration, use the below transaction
codes

 KA06 - Create
 KA02 - Change
 KA03 - Display
Secondary Cost Elements
 KA04 - Delete
 KA23 - Display all cost elements
Cost Element Groups

You can organize your cost elements by grouping them, any cost object (cost
elements, cost centers, internal orders, etc) can be grouped. This group can help when
you run reports and also for customizing activities.

You can create a flat structures, hierarchical structure, basically anything you need
that will help the business reports, reports can use a range of cost elements or element
groups.

Creating a element group structure, the difficult part is how the structure will look, I
am not going to re-event the wheel and will use the INT structure already supplied by
the IDES system this will be good enough for me to demonstrate. Using transaction
code OKB2, and the three buttons at the top you can add levels and then cost
elements, below you can see the level structure
Once you have the structure you can then add the cost elements

So when using reports like S_SL0_21000007 you can use the element groups, at the
moment I don't have any data in the system but will be revisiting this report later once
we start making transaction in the DCC company.
Cost Element Attributes and Time Based Fields

You can additional characteristics to a cost element, you can create custom reports to
return data using this field. There are two steps to creating a attribute, first you create
the cost attribute mix itself using transaction code OKA6, if you notice that we have
many item 1, this is a grouping and as you will see soon they are grouped by attribute
column number

The next step to group the different types of attribute mix, all will be come clear in a
second
Now we can add the attribute mix to the cost element, now you should be able to see
the mixes we created above, this mix can then be used in custom reports.

You can also designate fields that are time-based, a time-based definition means that
if the master data is changed the system will consider the posting date to find the
correct assignment to the field, foe example if you change a cost center assigned to a
cost element the sap system will respect the day of the change and for a posting in this
cost element, the system will check the date posting against the the change date, if the
posting date is before the change date the system uses the old center defined in the
master data, if the date is later than the change date the system will adopt the new cost
center assignment.

SAP determines four time-based dependencies

 Not Time-Based
 Day-Based
 Period-Based
 Fiscal-Year-Based

You have the option to turn on off only the time-based dependency using transaction
code OKEK

Accrual Calculation

I have covered manual accrual in my FI section, now lets that a look from a
controlling point of view, as a recap accruals are used when you have an expense that
is paid in a specific month of the year that is related to an entire year (for example
insurance, property tax, etc), to spread this cost across the affected months
automatically you can use accrual calculation. Accruals made in FI will be reflected in
CO, but accruals made in CO will only be reflected in CO, most of the time you will
reflect accruals in both FI and CO. There are three methods for creating accrual
calculations in CO (no FI)

the system will calculate these values by applying a percentage of the posted values in certain costs centers d
Percentage Method debit will be created in the receiver cost center and a credit will be made in the cost center or defined as the
system will use a cost element with a category type of 3 to perform the postings.
Target equals actual this method is used when a planned cost using activity-dependent planning is used as a reference to calculate
 create the accrual using the planned activity rate and will use the actual activity to create the values. These t
using a cost element with category 4.
this method is used when a cost planned using activity-independent planning is used as the referral to calculat
plan equals actual
create the accrual using the planned values in category 4.

You can customize any of the above using transaction code KSAZ, I have created the
below overhead structure for DCC, you simply use the create button and fill in the
details the structure name and a description or you can copy an existing one. Once the
overhead structure has been created double-click on it

Next we will take a look at the percentage method, select environment -> bases from
the main menu as below

We need to create the overhead structure that contains the base, overhead rate
(percentage) and credit. The base determines the cost element range that will be
considered when forming the base values for calculating the cost of the overhead,
double-click on A-B1 Wages and you will be taken to the screenshot on the right,
simply enter the costs elements that you need.
Next we must define the overhead rates for the overhead structure, return the initial
screen and select environment -> overhead rates, this is similar to above to enter the
cost elements simply double-click, here we set the the valid period for the rate and set
the plan or actual rate

Next we setup the credit cost elements and cost object, again go to the main screen
and select environment -> credits, because the CO accruals are not posted in FI the
offset to the accrual cost must be another CO object, I will need to create a cost center
for this task and will come back here later.

Once we have completed the above tasks we can then associate the overhead structure
to our controlling area DCA1, highlight the overhead structure and select
the assignments button, then enter the controlling area and select either actual
accrual or plan accrual, when you click on the continue button you will see that the
overhead structure is the combination of bases, overhead rates and credits (right-hand
screenshot), the rows define the sequence in which the system will read, summarize
and post the values, it should have the base, overhead and credit.

The below example will calculate an amount to accrue using a fixed percentage of the
amounts in the cost elements defined in wages (A-B1) for vacation bonus paid (O/H
rate A-Z1) and also different fixed percentages of the total cost elements defined
as wages and salaries (A-B1 and A-B2), there is also a yearly bonus (A-Z2) . Credits
(E11, E12 and E21) for the three amounts calculated will be posted in the cost element
and cost centers defined in the above step with offsetting debits in the same cost
elements and in the cost centers specified at the same time the accrual is executed.
You can now also edit the cost elements directly from this screen simply double-click
on the base, O/H rate or the credit and you will be taken to the screens we saw earlier.

To setup the target equals actual and plan equals actual methods the system looks at
the planning values in a cost element category with category 4, (accrual calculation
using target equal to actual method) whether they are activity or non-activity
dependent, from the main menu select environment -> target = actual credits, this
should all be very familiar to you now, add/select the cost elements, enter the
company code and the valid period, I will return here to add the cost centers once I
have created them.
Don't be too alarmed if you don't understand everything I will return and provided a
demonstration once we have finished the configuring of controlling in SAP.