Carry & Makeup

Use the Carry & Makeup option for a compositing method which is currently client-
specific. The software may be customised for other Maptek customers on request.

Composites are produced which represent minable/waste intersections. The main

application at present is for deformed steeply dipping poly - metallic orebodies.

The Process

Metal Equivalents are calculated for any one sampling interval in a drilling database.
Widths of intersection are also calculated for sample intervals. The compositing then
proceeds depending on the user selections for First Carry, Make Up and Final Carry.

Reporting

The First Carry, Make-up and Final Carry data is dumped to a mmcomposite.list report
file, and to the mmsummary.list summary file. The final composites are dumped to a
composites database.

Instructions:

On the Geology menu, point to Compositing, and then click Carry & Makeup to
display the Carry and Makeup Compositing Menu panel.

Parameter to copy from

Enter, or select from the drop-down list, an optional alphanumeric field for the
name of an existing specification file. It allows you to copy an existing file, and
modify this copy to reflect specific requirements for the new one.

New parameter identifier

Enter the name of the new specification file. The parameter identifier can contain
a maximum of 10 alphanumeric characters.

Click Next.

The following panel is then displayed.

Missing data/Ignore/Value

Applies only to assay values. The value in the missing data field is the value that
will be assigned to missing data. Alternatively, you can select to ignore these
assay values or substitute these values when compositing by entering a value in
the Value field.

If you decide to ignore data, then the missing data values will not be used when
compositing and will not be represented in the mapfile.

Example:

A Missing data 0.000 Ignore Y Value -

B Missing data 0.000 Ignore N Value 0.000
C Missing data 0.000 Ignore N Value -99.000

In case A, missing data values will not be used. In case B, the missing data values
(0.000) will be used. In case C, the missing data values will be replaced by -
99.000.

Non sampled data/Ignore/Value

This is treated in the same manner as missing data.

Assign a value to data not logged

Applies only to assay values

 Select this check box if you want to substitute a value in those intervals that were
not assayed. You must specify the Use From field on the Assay Fields to Use
panel.

Use selection file

Select this check box if you only want to composite the drillholes that have
been selected through a selection file (.sel). A selection file is an ASCII file
that contains a list of all drillhole identifiers which are to be composited.

Comments may be entered at the top of the file. An asterisk (*) must be
used to designate the row as a comment. Selection files may be generated
manually or through using the Vulcan database query options.

Abort compositing for holes with errors

Select this check box if you want the system to check for overlapping
intervals and inverted holes.

Click Next.

The following panel is then displayed.

Geology Record

Enter, or select from the drop-down list, the name of the database record
containing the geological data. This field is only displayed when the Breakdown
by geology or Record majority geology codes check box has been selected.

Assay Record

Enter, or select from the drop-down list, the name of the database record
containing the assay data.

Click Next.

The following panel is then displayed.

Bottom Depth or to field

Enter, or select from the drop-down list, the name of the depth or to field within
the Assay record.

Use From or Thickness

Select this check box if you want to use either a From or Thickness field. The
required field can either be manually entered or selected from a list. You must
specify the Use From field if you selected to assign a value to data not logged
(see Composite Creation Menu panel).

Composite Density

Select this check box if you want to composite a density field in the drilling
database.

Data fields

These data fields can be manually entered, or selected from the drop-down list.

Click Next.

The following panel is then displayed.

Element Equivalence Multipliers

The fields shown are the assay fields specified on the Assay Fields to Use panel.
They are used to calculate a "Metal Equivalence" value for each sample interval
located in the drillhole database.

The equivalence equation is worked out using the following formula:

Field_1 * <multiplier> + Field_2 * <multiplier> + Field_3 * <multiplier> ...

An example of the equivalence equation is:

Ag * <multiplier> + Pb * <multiplier> + Zn * <multiplier>

Element equivalence cutoff

Enter the metal equivalence cutoff for a given sample interval. A metal
equivalence is calculated for this interval (for example 0.x * Au + 1.4 * Cu) and
compared with this cutoff.

Orebody Dip/Dip Direction

 This defines the general orientation for the ore body. In future, angles of core
intersection with a triangulation model may be used to establish local
orientations.

Use S.G. Weighting

Select this check box if you want to use a specific gravity weighting in the
equivalents equation. The drilling database must contain a SG field within the
"assay" record.

Ore Body Field

The orebody/orelense classification comes directly from a drilling database. An

orebody field must be present within the "assay" record.

Mining Constraints

Minimum Mining Width

Enter the horizontal minimum width of mining. The width may be changed to
downhole or vertical width by typing the following anywhere within the
"BEGIN$DEF MIM_METHOD" statement in the <proj><odi>.cm1 composite
specification file:

WIDTH_DIR=1
2
3

where 1=Horizontal Width, 2=Downhole Width, 3=Vertical Width

Maximum Mining Width

Enter the horizontal maximum width of mining, which may also be changed to
report downhole or vertical width.

Maximum Muck Width

Enter the maximum allowable waste to be included in any single "ore" composite,
which may also be changed to report downhole or vertical width.

Minimum Pillar Width

Enter the minimum width of pillars generated between "ore" composites. Pillars
are only generated in the Make-up and Final Carry options.

First Carry

For a given ore code the sample interval with highest metal equivalence is
located. Adjacent ore/waste is "carried" into the composite dependant on user
criteria selection. An interval must be above cutoff to be carried into the core
composite.
Make Up

Mining and pillar widths are considered under the Make-up option. Where a
minimum mining width for an ore composite has not been achieved during the
first carry, adjacent ore composites will attempt to carried across waste intervals.
Composites may not be carried in this process and waste composites may form
which are less than minimum pillars. Pillars will then be generated.

Final Carry

Essentially the same as First Carry this option attempts to carry made-up zones
into adjacent ore composites. A final pillar creation is run at the end of this
option.

Composite by geology

When selected, the composites will be terminated at ore boundaries, defined by

the "Ore body Field" code.

Click Next.

The following panel is then displayed.

This is an optional panel that allows you to assign cutoff values for the specified data
fields. Any single data in the drill hole database above this value is set to this nominated
value. In the example below, three 2m samples will be composited into a 6m composite.
The cut-off is set to 10.0.

Example:

1.0
5.0
35.0

The 1.0 and 5.0 values are not cut because they are below 10.0. The 35.0 value is cut to
10.0 therefore the resultant composite equals 1.0 + 5.0 + 10.0 / 3 = 5.333.

Click Finish.

The following panel is then displayed.

This panel allows you to assign boundary codes to composites that lie inside/outside or
above/below nominated triangulation surfaces.

Boundary

The boundary code (numeric) is incremented for every triangulation selected.

Cancel if no triangulations are used.

Triangulation

Specify the name of the triangulated surface (the default is blank, i.e. no
triangulation). The list contains all triangulations in the current working directory.
Click Browse to select a file from another location.

Priority

Project along the X/Y/Z axes

Select the projection axis. The projection axis defines the direction for a surface
and has no effect when working with solids. This option is used in situations
where steeply dipping structures define regions.
Diagram 1 - Projection Axes

If No inversion is selected, then the negative side of the triangulation is the area
of interest. If Partial or Complete inversion is selected, then the positive side of
the triangulation is the area of interest.

Diagram 2 - Projection along the X Axis

For triangulations (ore bodies) that are steeply dipping, it may be necessary to
project along the X or Y axis to ensure the correct inversion is applied.

Diagram 3 - Projection along the Y Axis

For triangulations (ore bodies) that are near to horizontal i.e. lying in the XY
plane, you would project along Z axis. The area of interest is then below the
triangulation (if No inversion is selected) or above (if Partial or Complete is
selected).
Value

This is a numeric value or character identifier that is stored as a character string in

the BOUND field of the composite file, for example if the composite centre lies
within a triangulation, this value is stored in the BOUND field (DB) column.

Note: Prior to V3.2, this value was actually stored as a numeric instead of a
character string. Therefore, you will need to regenerate the .cm1 file as the old
.cm1 file (generated prior to V3.2) will not work. Alternatively, you can manually
edit the .cm1 file and surround the value with quotes, for example
VALUE="1.000".

Click OK.

The Boundary Definition Menu panel is then redisplayed, allowing you to specify the
next boundary. Cancel when you have finished.
The compositing process will be stopped if a triangulation is unable to be loaded. An
error message will also be displayed.

An ORE field containing a value of "0", "1" or "2" will be shown within the composite
database or mapfile.

Need more help?

Go to www.maptek.com/support to access the Maptek Client Support page. From here

you can submit a support request, find a Maptek support office near you, or log in to the
Maptek Users Area.

Vulcan help documentation is compiled by MAPTEK Pty Ltd with input from
customers and Maptek staff around the world. Comments and suggestions are welcome
and may be directed to your nearest Maptek office.

Email: VulcanDocumentation@maptek.com