CALMAC Manufacturing Corporation

201.797.1511
info@calmac.com
Calmac.com

Thermal
Energy Storage
A Vital Ingredient to a Low Carbon Future
AIA Course Number: GCL23A| 1 AIA HSW CE Hour
GBCI Course ID: 0090004834 | 1 GBCI CE Hour
© GreenCE, Inc. 2010
An American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Program
Approved Promotional Statement:

 GreenCE, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute of

Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion
of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion are available for all course participants upon
completion of the course conclusion quiz with +80%.

 This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional

education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or GreenCE, Inc.
of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling,
using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
An American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Program
 Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam.
 Course Credit: 1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) CE Hour
 Completion Certificate: A copy is sent to you by email or you can print
one upon successful completion of a course. If you have any difficulties
printing or receiving by email please send requests to
certificate@greence.com

 Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of

completion after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email
confirmations will be sent to the email address you have provided in your
GreenCE.com account.
Course Description
This course will better inform the design
professional about thermal energy storage and
how it contributes to energy efficiency, cost
savings, and environmental responsibility.
Learning Objectives
By completing this course, the design professional will be able to:
1. Describe what energy storage is.
2. List examples of different forms of energy storage.
3. Describe how energy storage works.
4. Describe why energy storage is needed to make new renewable
generation sources more viable.
5. Explain how thermal energy storage saves energy and money.
6. Explain how thermal storage may contribute toward a project
earning LEED Certification.
7. Explain how a building designer or developer may qualify for tax
deductions.
Introduction
In this presentation, you will learn what Energy Storage is,
why it is needed on our critical path to sustainability and the
different types of energy storage technologies with a specific
focus on thermal energy storage. Air-conditioning makes up
to 40% of on-peak demand, making it’s role in the efficient
use of source energy critical. Thermal energy storage
dramatically reduces peak electrical demand association with
air-conditioning, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and is
necessary for large-scale sustainable energy. Available as a
reliable and cost effective solution, thousands of customers
around the world employ thermal storage as an electric load
management tool.
Environmental Impact of Buildings
 Buildings fundamentally impact people’s lives and the
health of the planet. In the U.S., buildings use one third
of our total energy, two-thirds of our electricity, one-
eighth of our water, and transform land that provides
valuable ecological services. Atmospheric emissions
from the use of energy lead to acid rain, ground-level
ozone, smog, and global climate change.

 Daytime air-conditioning energy demand is typically up

to 40% of a buildings peak electricity use, making our
ability to store it critical.

* statistics apply to both commercial and residential

A Critical Path to
Sustainability
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
Regardless of the source, we must look at how
energy can be stored and dispatched when
needed.
Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil are not just energy;
they are forms of stored energy. They are relatively easy to
hold, inexpensive to transport, and are typically available
when and where you need them. When burned, the
chemical reaction produces heat and useful energy like
electricity.
Minimize Use
Due to their negative impact on the environment, we now
must figure out how to minimize the use of fossil fuels. But
how can we take what is good from them—the storage—
and apply it to other energy sources?
Electric Power Grid
 To understand the importance of storage, it is imperative
that one understands the electric power grid. If you have
ever lived in a warm environment, you have probably
experienced a brown out.
 Brown outs typically happen in the heat of day when the
temperatures are high and buildings across the area are
turning up the air-conditioning and creating an enormous
need for energy. Because of this, in the middle of any day,
the demand on the power grid is the highest. In addition to
the air-conditioning running at full power, more lights are
on and multiple appliances are in use.
Electric Power Grid
 Because of the strain on the grid, the costs for electricity
are highest during those “on-peak” hours and the
generation is often the dirtiest since all of the old plants
are turned on to help meet the demand.
 Conversely, at night, when the majority of people are
sleeping, there is a very low demand on the grid, and
sometimes, even over-capacity. This is called “off-peak”.
Storage
Is the answer
Why Energy Storage?
In its present configuration, our electric grid has almost no
“storage” capability. Consequently, electricity must be
produced exactly when it is needed.

“As needed” electricity production is possible when your

source energy comes from fossil fuels, but it is very difficult
AND expensive when source fuel comes from renewable
energy (wind or solar).
Why Energy Storage?
 Adding energy storage to the grid will be critical in our
quest to lower societies’ carbon emissions.

 According to the California ISO (Independent Systems

Operator) Report, storage (electric, thermal, compressed
air, etc.) will be critical for large scale implementation of
sustainable energy.
nmfs.noaa.gov
Forms of
Energy Storage
Most Common TES System
There are numerous types of energy (potential,
kinetic, chemical and thermal) and each can be
stored.

tuition.com.hk
Most Common TES System
 One common form of Energy Storage is the water heater in
your house. This is thermal energy storage (TES).

 If you were going to instantaneously heat water from 60°F

which is the temperature it comes in from the street up to
110°F to take a low-flow shower you would need to use
18kW of energy. That would be equivalent to 10 blow
dryers going off at once just to heat the water up for you
instantaneously. Each blow dryer is 1800 watts or 1.8 kW.

 The largest electric water heating element is 4.5 kW and

you make it the night before those morning showers. By
putting in thermal storage, you reduce the infrastructure
you need by a factor of four (4 times 4.5kW =18kW of
energy) or 75%.
 Water Heater (Electric)
Assume one low-flow shower
[(2.5gpm x 8.33 lb/gal x (110-60)] x 60
minutes/hr / 3,414 Btu/kW
= 18.3 kW

4.5 kW
Heater

20
Pumped Hydro
Another example is referred to as pumped hydro. At night
water is pumped up a mountain into a temporary lake
and then released down the mountain through turbines to
create electricity. This is a form of potential energy
storage.
Flywheels
Flywheels use kinetic energy and can be wound up using
off peak energy and released when needed
Batteries
 And of course, batteries in our cars, ipods, boom boxes
or cell phones are examples of chemical storage that
can be charged at night or when the sun shines.

 All of these approaches can store energy that can later

be re-converted into electricity
Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal energy is normally stored at the point of use and
committed to a specific purpose (for example, hybrid
cooling systems for buildings that use ice or water based
thermal storage). In this type of system, ice or water can
be generated and stored at night (off-peak) which will then
be used to cool a building during the following day.
Thermal Energy Storage
Stored energy (ice) is used instead of electricity when the
demand for energy is high. Essentially, you have committed
the more plentiful nighttime electricity to a purpose (cooling)
and stored the energy in the form it is needed for later use.
 How Ice
Storage Works
Partial Ice Storage System
Similar to Chilled Water System
In Addition
 Blending Valve
 Diverting Valve
 Ice Tank(s) (No Moving Parts)
 Controls
 Heat Transfer Fluid

Temperature
Control Valves
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Charging Mode
This method employs self-contained, factory assembled
modules which contain ice making and ice melting heat
exchanger coils of plastic or steel construction. The
modules are filled with water at the job site. Coolant,
(ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) is chilled by a
standard fluid chiller that is provided with factory installed
ice making controls. The coolant flows through the TES
module coils to freeze the water at night. When the return
temperature to the chiller of coolant gets to about 28
degrees F, the TES battery is fully charged.
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Charging Mode

Chiller
Coil & Pumps
Glycol Cooling
Coil

Ice

Temperature
Control Valves

Energy Storage
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Chiller Only Cooling Mode
For a simple partial storage system with no time of
day rates, the reduced size chiller cools the load
directly, bypassing the storage.
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Chiller Only Cooling Mode

Chiller
Coil & Pumps
Glycol Cooling
Coil

Ice

Temperature
Control Valves

Energy Storage
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Chiller With Storage Cooling Mode
 As the load becomes greater than the chiller capacity, the
temperature control valve modulates and diverts some flow
through the TES battery to blend the coolant to the
temperature required by the system. If there are time of
date rates, control of the discharge and ice would be
needed to ensure that all ice is used during the day.
 Notice how the ice is made and stored remotely from the
chiller. Ice melts from the surface of the coils out
internally.
 The ice closest to the tubes is the most efficient to make.
The more expensive ice, furthest from the coils,
remains in the tank until it is needed. When the tank
recharges, ice can begin forming immediately. Ice does
not have to be made through ice as is the case with ice on
coil external melt systems.
Ice on Coil Internal Melt
Chiller With Storage Cooling Mode

Chiller
Coil & Pumps
Glycol Cooling
Coil

Ice

Temperature
Control Valves

Energy Storage
Understanding
the Numbers
Cost
The cost of energy storage varies by type; however, some
types have relatively low cost compared to the value they
bring to the electricity grid. For instance, California has
1,000 MW of wind turbines installed; however, only 20%
(200 MW) of it has typically been available when the
utilities hit their peak.
California ISO Report
(Independent Systems Operator)
This graph shows the varying electrical output of a wind
turbine installation in California during the hottest week of
the year in 2006. The red dots represent when the electric
utilities where hitting their electrical peak demands for
each day. It is clear that when the utilities needed the
most power they were getting only approximately 20% of
the installed wind capacity.
Wind Power
This Forbes article explains:
“Wind is the cheapest way for utilities to meet the renewable energy
mandates that exist in 28 states and the national mandate that may
soon come from Congress. But Mother Nature does not respond to
mandates. Wind turbines spin the most at night
when demand is low--and least on
sultry afternoons when power is
needed.

If there is too much power on a grid,

the operator drops the wholesale price
to zero. Why don't power plants just
shut down? Although natural-gas-fired
plants can power down for a few hours,
coal and nuclear plants, which account
for most of the country's power
production, cannot.”
Wind Power
 The installation of thermal storage at
a building provides the ability to store
energy when the wind is blowing at
night and to then use the stored
energy during peak hours the
following day.
 With Storage you can get 100% of
the wind’s output during peak hours
(20% from wind and 80% from
energy storage) for less than 33% of
the installed cost of adding additional
wind turbines.
 Ultimately, the peak capacity of the
wind resource is increased by a factor
of 5 and the cost per delivered peak
kW is decreased by 1/3.
Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal storage at the building is the least expensive of
all energy storage types and also the most practical (for
example with pumped hydro, it is not very easy to get a
permit to create a lake on top of a mountain). And since
the largest component of on-peak energy use is the
creation of cooling, there is a high demand for stored
cooling.
Cost of Generation
1 TRILLION Watts of Generation in USA (approx.)

Costs of New Generation, Installed

 Gas Turbine $0.70 to $1.00/Watt

 New Coal Plant $2.00 to $4.00/Watt
 New Combined Cycle Coal Plant $3.00 to $5.00/Watt
 New Clean Coal $4.00 to ?????/Watt
 Nuclear $4.00 to $8.00/Watt
 Wind (20% Peak Reduction) $1.50 to $2.50/Watt
 PV (30% Cap Factor ~ 15% Peak Red2) $7.50/ Watt
 STORAGE (Thermal) $0.50 to $1.00/Watt
Costs of Storage

This chart compares the Life Cycle Capital Costs for different
types of energy storage methods. Initial capital costs,
lifetime of storage device and the cycle efficiency are used to
determine the rating. It is clear that Pumped Hydro and
Thermal Storage are the least expensive energy storage
alternatives on a life cycle basis.
Costs of Ice Storage
 What’s the Installed Cost of a ton of Chiller Plant?
 $1000/ton… $1400/ton… $1800/ton ?
 Storage Costs installed
~ $100 to $150 per ton-hr; Depending on location,
application and design
 For each 1 ton of chiller you move off peak, you need
approximately 8 to 9 ton-hours of storage.
 Installed costs are about the same for cooling systems
with or without storage
 If the system is oversized, expect a 3-5 year payback
with reduced cooling costs up to 50% for the life of the
system.
Storage Efficiencies
 As with any form of storage, there are some losses. Think
of it as energy storage efficiency.
 With a pumped hydro system, off peak electricity is used to
pump water up a mountain and during the peak period the
water flows down through a turbine to create electricity.
The round trip “cycle efficiency”, which is the amount of
electricity used versus what you get back out, is about
65% to 70%.
 Other forms of large scale energy storage have similar
numbers. Thermal storage at a building can have cycle
efficiency of anywhere from 80% to 99%.
Energy Storage
All forms of energy storage are going to be needed in our
move towards a lower carbon world. But when you look at
costs and science, thermal energy storage is already a viable
technology to consider when designing high-performance
buildings.
Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal storage is ideally suited for new construction or
retrofit. Though it does take some space, it is relatively
little compared to what it is cooling (about 0.25% of the
conditioned area) and can be located indoors, outdoors, in
the basement or on the roof or anywhere in-between;
even partially buried or totally buried with proper ground
preparation.
 Designing
Greener Buildings
Storing Off-Peak Power
Saves Energy & Money
 It is much more Energy Efficient to create and deliver a
kWh of Electricity at night than during the heat of the
day.
 Research from the California Energy Commission on 2
Cal. Utilities reports 8 to 34% savings in raw fuel when
comparing On and Off-Peak Operation!
Peak Power
 The last power plants to come on during peak hours
are normally the dirtiest per kW.

 Ashok Gupta (Director of Energy, NRDC) in a NY

Times article states, “Peak Shifting results in lower
emissions because some of the plants used to meet
demand peaks are among the dirtiest in the city”

 CA Report by Greg Kats, The Costs and Financial

Benefits of Green Buildings, states Peak power in
CA is twice as dirty as Off-Peak Power.
Energy Savings
Simulation of Source Energy Utilization and Emissions for
HVAC Systems Conclusions

1. “Thermal energy storage systems should be promoted as

an environmentally beneficial technology. These systems
have been historically touted as beneficial in terms of
operation cost. This study suggests that the economic
benefits can be accompanied by environmental ones…”

2. “…Source energy reductions were generally on the order

of 10%. Global warming impact reductions were also on
the order of 10%...”

Source Energy & Environmental Impacts of Thermal Energy Storage,

California Energy Commission (CEC), P500-95-005, Feb. 1996
Global Benefits
“Economical, Social and Environmental Benefits of
Energy Storage are real.”
Designing Energy Storage Into
Your Building
 Controlling energy costs are an important part of green
building, and LEED for New Construction uses energy
costs as a metric for reducing energy use.
 Therefore, a thermal energy storage system can
contribute towards a project earning LEED certification.
 Which credits will incorporating Storage into your
project contribute toward? This will depend on each
specific project.
 From a holistic approach, storage is part of a complete
system that interacts with other building components
such as lighting, ventilation, etc.
LEED for New Construction
In EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance
and EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

Use the whole building simulation based on ASHRAE 90.1

which is based on Energy Cost Reduction to demonstrate a
10% improvement in the proposed building performance
rating, or a 5% improvement in the proposed building
performance rating for major renovations to existing
buildings, compared with the baseline building performance
rating. Projects in California may use Title 24-2005, which is
based on time of day energy cost.
EA credit 1 expands upon the prerequisite, requiring a
project to demonstrate a percentage of improvement over
the baseline, 12% minimum for 1 point in New Buildings and
up to 48% energy savings for 19 points.
LEED for New Construction
EA Credit 2: On-site Renewable Energy

You must express the

energy produced by the
renewable systems as a
percentage of the building’s
annual energy cost. Since
renewable energy is
intermittent, buildings can
still incur high kW demand
charges to meet peak demand
if and when the renewable
resource is not available. Storage
can be used to offset the related building
energy costs.
LEED for Existing Buildings
 EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Efficiency
Performance (Required)
 Intent
To establish the minimum level of operating energy
efficiency performance relative to typical buildings of
similar type to reduce environmental and economic impacts
associated with excessive energy use.
 Projects Eligible for Energy Star Rating - achieving an
energy performance rating of at least 69.
 Projects Not Eligible for Energy Star Rating
• Demonstrate energy efficiency performance that is better than 69% of
similar buildings by benchmarking against national source energy data
provided in the Portfolio Manager tool OR
• Use the alternative method described in the LEED Reference Guide for
Green Building Operations & Maintenance, 2009 Edition AND
Have energy meters that measure all energy use throughout the
performance period of all buildings to be certified.
 Innovation and Design
Pilot Credit 8: Demand Response
The LEED EA Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
created this credit to incentivize shifting
daytime peak demand to nighttime off-peak
hours. These requirements are intended to Rating System
address USGBC’s carbon goals by helping Pilot Credit
projects reduce carbon emissions and impacts
associated with new infrastructure in response Credit Category
to peak demand. A Demand Response credit Innovation in Design
has been proposed in addition to LEED’s energy Credit PC 8
efficiency requirements to emphasize the value Demand Response
of peak load reduction and to account for
divisions in the building’s decision making and
enforcement processes during design,
construction and operations. Using demand-
response strategies, a project might realize
carbon emissions benefits without a reduction
in electricity used. This credit is meant to
incentivize projects to realize these benefits.
Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
Tax Deduction
(Effective Jan. 1, 2006 to Dec. 31, 2013)

 Architectural firms designing public buildings and

Developers of private property qualify for the EPAct
deduction.

 Tax returns may be amended for qualifying projects.

 LEED 2009’s substantial increase in points to energy

measures reflects increasing market conditions to reduce
peak demand and reduce overall energy use.

 This increase makes it probable that a LEED building will

qualify for one or more Energy Policy Act of 1992 Code Sec.
179D energy efficiency tax deductions.
Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
Tax Deduction
 Provides $1.80 per sq.ft. for whole building investments
that reduce energy cost 50% over ASHRAE 90.1-2001
standards. (Lighting, Envelope, HVAC)

 Provides $0.60 per sq.ft. for HVAC investment that reduces

energy costs 16.67% over ASHRAE 90.1-2001 standards.

 IRS Requires life cycle modeling with approved programs

(Trace 700, EnergyPlus, DOE-2, HAP, etc.)

 Thermal storage can help reduce energy costs over ASHRAE

90.1-2001 standards, especially when the HVAC system is
correctly sized.
Case Studies
Williams & Flora Hewlett
Foundation
Menlo Park, CA
 LEED Gold
 The Hewlett Foundation saw a 35% energy cost
reduction due in part of the thermal energy
storage system.
Hewlett Foundation
 Designed to save energy and increase the comfort of
occupants
 Individually controlled systems
◦ Operable windows
◦ Localized manual floor diffusers
◦ Natural light control throughout
Hewlett Foundation
 The building's heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system
delivers fresh conditioned air via a highly efficient raised floor
system. This process displaces used air in a room, pushing it up
and out of the building via return air and exhaust devices placed
in the ceilings.
 An ice storage system creates ice during off-peak hours at night
and uses it to cool the building during the day, thus minimizing
the need for energy during peak demand periods.
Fossil Ridge High School
Fort Collins, CO
 LEED Silver and 1st Place ASHRAE Technology Award 2008
 Here is an award winning good example of a right sized
system. Fossil Ridge HS required half of the peak electric
demand of a recently built, comparably sized high school in
the district and was expected to reduce energy costs by
about 33 percent, saving the school district about
$100,000 annually. Whereas typical school designs today
use 3 watts / sq. ft.; FRHS uses only 1.6 watts / sq. ft.
Fossil Ridge (cont.)

 Most school designs in this school’s district called for one

ton of cooling for every 400 sq. ft of conditioned space.
 That means a conventional design at FRHS would have
required a 525 ton chiller and appropriate sized support
equipment.
 Instead, this integrated design calls for 1 ton of mechanical
cooling for every 2000 sq. ft., representing a huge savings
to the district.
 The 250 ton cooling load is
met with thermal storage
tanks and a 130-ton chiller.
Durst Headquarters
1155 Avenue of the
Americas, NYC

 ENERGY STAR® rated

 Environmental steward and

leading NYC developer The
Durst Organization put
energy storage tanks in their
headquarters' basement.
The tanks help the building
avoid 700kW out of their
original 3500kW.
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, PA
 The campus was growing and they needed to expand their
cooling system and they had no room for cooling tower
expansion.
 The new hybrid cooling system, featuring ice storage, cools
29 of 34 campus buildings. It has the capacity to cool 300
homes every day.
 The gas turbine provides 85 percent of electricity on
campus and in turn can provide
power to the ice cooling system
during emergencies or when costs
are lower than the local utility.
 The entire cooling system uses
about 35 to 40 percent less
electricity than conventional
systems.
Credit Suisse
11 Madison Avenue, NYC
 Credit Suisse chose Energy
Storage mainly for its
resiliency during
emergencies and outages.

 This 2.2 million sq.ft.

building saves
$1,000,000/year
Credit Suisse
11 Madison Avenue, NYC
 Peak electric load demand for the facility had significantly
increased over the past few years and was expected to
increase at a faster rate in the future, given the ability of
the new technology planned for the facilities’ data. This
demand trend required Credit Suisse to install additional
emergency generator capacity to meet the high reliability
standards of the facility.

 Credit Suisse needed to maintain its site’s high reliability

standards but did not want to increase emissions nor fund a
costly installation of a fossil fuel generation asset with a low
utilization rate.
Credit Suisse
11 Madison Avenue, NYC
 Storage was an environmentally conscious solution via the
avoided emissions that would have resulted from increased
emergency back-up generator capacity and the reduction of
emissions that results from the elimination of more than 2.2
million Kilowatt-hours of consumption and the reduction of almost
1 Megawatt of peak demand.

 The ice storage system improved reliability without the purchase

of an additional emergency back-up generator. The combined
reduction and shifting of almost 1 Megawatt of peak electric, the
additional facility cooling capacity of 6200 ton-hours, the ability
for the ice storage system to solely carry the entire facility’s
cooling load for over an hour (dependent on where the system is
in its ice burn mode), and the installation of new equipment have
improved the sites reliability and contributed to Emergency
Management Services ISO 1400 compliance.
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ
 The University of Arizona needed to optimize their co-
generation system.
 Energy storage serves as a nighttime load for optimum
efficiency of the cogeneration plant (the ice-making chillers
require electricity to operate) as well as to provide extra
cooling capacity to meet cooling loads on the next day.
 Other unique benefits of energy storage include giving the
University added flexibility during equipment downtime for
scheduled chiller and turbine maintenance.

Old Main
Courtesy of Facilities Management Department at The © Jay
Rochlin
University of Arizona.
Bank of America
1 Bryant Park NYC ©dbox for Cook + Fox Architects LLP

 This energy storage system creates

over half a million pounds of ice made
every night—enough ice to cool 250
homes.
 1000 tons of air Conditioning is
shifted to Off-Peak in order to cut the
amount of power the building needs
to cool itself by 50% during the
hottest days, when electricity demand
is greatest.

©Gunther Intelmann Photography

Bank of America
1 Bryant Park NYC
The system takes a big bite out of pollution, too. On hot
summer afternoons, when power demand spikes, utilities
typically fire up their least efficient and most pollution-
spewing generators. During these peak periods, 90% of
smog-forming particulates are emitted by just 50% of power
plants. Since the building won't need to draw on this dirty
power, the building's ice tanks will help to cut out a
disproportionate share of pollution.
Conclusion
Thermal Energy Storage for
Cooling Buildings
Thermal energy storage isn’t a new technology, but its
application now has an entirely new dimension because of
the move towards renewable energy resources.

The most reliable way for building owners to stabilize energy

costs is to design or retrofit a building to shift as much
energy use as possible to off peak. Thermal storage does just
that. The ROI is very reasonable, especially when combined
with other energy efficiency measures, creating a cost
competitive, environmentally-friendly HVAC solution.

73
A Smart Investment
The Edison Electric Institute (EEI), the association of U.S.
shareholder-owned electric companies, stated that the
only source of electricity that has not gone up in the last
30 to 40 years has been Off-Peak Electricity. Coal has
doubled. Oil has quadrupled. Natural gas has gone up.
Electricity has gone up in price but if you break it up into
on and off-peak, off-peak has stayed the same. If an
owner is going to buy or build a building, the smartest
thing he/she can do is design the building so he can lock
into off-peak energy. Period.

74
A Smart Investment
Thousands of companies around the world are utilizing
thermal storage to cool their buildings.
 Durst Organization
 Credit Suisse
 Rockefeller Center
 Nordstrom
 Morgan Stanley
 TIAA CREF
 University of Arizona
 Underwriters Laboratories
 Bank of America
 and many others

75
Summary
In moving towards a low carbon future, Energy Storage is
a natural, reliable and cost effective way to lower
greenhouse gas emissions and make more efficient use
our energy resources. Air-Conditioning makes up about
40% of electric peak demand and is a critical obstacle in
making buildings more sustainable. Designers can
implement thermal energy storage systems to significantly
reduce this peak demand caused by air-conditioning.
Thermal energy storage uses less expensive off-peak
electric rates to provide day-time cooling and can be an
integral part of helping buildings acquire LEED credits
while bringing significant energy cost savings to the
building owner.
Course Summary
Now, the Design Professional will able to:
1. Describe what energy storage is.
2. List examples of different forms of energy storage.
3. Describe how energy storage works.
4. Describe how energy storage is needed to make new
renewable generation sources more viable.
5. Explain how thermal energy storage saves energy and
money.
6. Explain how thermal storage may contribute towards a
project earning LEED Certification.
7. Explain how a building designer or developer may
qualify for tax deductions.
 CALMAC Manufacturing Corporation
201.797.1511
info@calmac.com
Calmac.com

Thermal
Energy Storage
A Vital Ingredient to a Low Carbon Future
AIA Course Number: GCL23A| 1 AIA HSW CE Hour
GBCI Course ID: 0090004834 | 1 GBCI CE Hour
© GreenCE, Inc. 2010