CONSTRUCTING AND SCORING ESSAY TESTA.

GENERAL TYPES OF AN
ESSAY TEST
•
EXTENDED RESPONSE ESSAY ITEM
- is one that allow for an in-depthsampling of students knowledge, thinking
processes, and problem-solving behavior relative to a specific fact.
•
RESTRICTED RESPONSE ESSAT ITEM
– i s o n e w h e r e t h e e x a m i n e e i s required to provide limited response based on a s
pecified criterion foranswering the question.
A.LEARNING OUTCOMES MEASURED EFFECTIVELY WITH ESSAY ITEMS
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According to Gronlund and Linn (1990), there are 12 complex learningoutco
mes that can be measured effectively with essay items. These arethe abilities to:
•Explain cause- effects relationships;
•Describe application of principles;
•Present relevant arguments;
•Formulate tenable hypotheses;
•State necessary assumptions;
•Describe the limitations of data;
•Explain method and procedures;
•Produce, organize and express ideas;
•Integrate learning in different areas;
•Create original forms; and
•Evaluate the worth of ideas.A.
CONTENT VERSUS EXPRESSION-
It is frequent claimed that essay item allowsthe students to present his/her knowledge and
understanding. More often or not,factors like expression, grammar, spelling and the like a
re evaluated in relationto content. If the teacher has attempted to develop students’ skills i
n expression,a n d i f t h e s e l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e t a b l e o f
s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , assessment of such skills is just right and valid.
B.SPECIFIC TYPES OF ESSAY QUESTIONS
I . R E C A L L
a)SIMPLE RECALL
1.What is the chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate?2.Who wrote the
novel, “The Last of the Mohicans?”a)
SELECTIVE RECALL
- in which a basis foe evaluation or judgment issuggested
1.Who among the Greek philosophers affected your thinking asa student?
2.Which method of recycling is the most appropriate to use athome?
I . U N D E R S TA N D I N G
a)Comparison of two phenomena on a single designated basis.1 . C o m p
a r e 1 9
TH
c e n t u r y a n d p r e s e n t - d a y F i l i p i n o w r i t e r s w i t h respect to their involvement a
nd societal affairs.a)Comparison of the phenomena in general1.Compare the Phil
ippine Revolution of 1896 with that people’s of the Philippine Revolution of 1985
.a)Explanation of the use or extract meaning of a phrase or statement.1 . T h e l e g a l s y
s t e m o f t h e M e s o p o t a m i a n s w a s a n c h o r e d o n t h e principle of an ey
e for an eye, tooth far a tooth. What does thisprinciple mean?a)Summary of text
or some portion on it.1.What is the central idea of communism as an economi
c system?a)Statement of an artist’s purpose in the selection or organization of
material.1 . W h y d i d H e m i n g w a y d e s c r i b e i n d e t a i l t h e e p i s o d e i n
w h i c h Gordon, lying wounded, engages the oncoming enemy?
I . A P P L I C AT I O N S
➢
It should be clearly understood that whether or not a question requiresapplicati
ons depend on the preliminary educational experience.
A.CAUSE/EFFECTS
1 . W h y d i d F a s c i s m p r e v a i l i n G e r m a n y a n d I t a l y b u t n o t i n G r e a t Brita
in and France?2 . W h y d o e s f r e q u e n t d e p e n d e n c e i n p e n i c i l l i n f o r
t r e a t m e n t o f minor ailment results in its reduced effectiveness against majorinnovat
ion of body tissues by infectious bacteria?
A . A N A LY S I S
1.Why does Hamlet torn by conflicting desire?2.Why was the Propaganda
Movement a successful failure?A . S TAT E M E N T O F R E L AT I O N S H I P 1 . A
r e s e a r c h e r r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e t e a c h i n g s t y l e s c o r r e l a t e s w i t h students’ a
chievement about 0.75. What does this correlationmean?
A.ILLUSTRATION/ EXAMPLES OF PRINCIPLES

1 . I d e n t i f y t h r e e e x a m p l e s o f t h e u s e s o f t h e h a m m e r i n a t y p i c a l Filipi
no home.
A.APPLICATIONS OF RULES/PRINCIPLES IN SPCIFIED SITUATIONS.
1.Would you weigh more/less in the moon? Why or why not?
A . R E O R G A N I Z AT I O N O F FA C T S
1.Some radical Filipino historians assert that the Filipino revolutionagainst Sp
ain was from the top not from below. Using the sameobservation, what conclusion is poss
ible?
A.JUDGMENT
a ) D E C I S I O N F O R / A G A I N S T 1.Should members of the Communist Party
of the Philippines beallowed to teach in college or universities? Why or why not?
2.Nature is more influential than the environment in shaping anindividual’s pers
onality. Prove or disprove this statement.a ) D I S C U S S I O N 1 . Tr a c e t h e e v e n t s
t h a t l e d t o t h e d o w n f a l l o f t h e d i c t a t o r i a l regime of Ferdinand Marcos.a ) C R
I T I C I S M O F T H E A D E Q U A C Y, C O R R E C T N E S S , O R R E L E VA N C E O
F STAEMENT.1 . F o r m e r p r e s i d e n t J o s e p h E s t r a d a w a s c o n v i c t e d f o r t h e
caseo f p l u n d e r b y t h e S a n d i g a n g B a y a n . C o m m e n t o n t h e
adequacy of the evidence used b the said tribunal reachingthe decision on the ca
sed filed against the chief executive of the country.a)FORMULATION OF A NEW Q
UESTIONS1 . W h a t s h o u l d b e t h e f o c u s o f r e s e a r c h e s o f e d u
c a t i o n T O explain the incidence of failure among students with hig
h intelligence quotient?2 . W h a t q u e s t i o n s h o u l d p a r e n t s a s k t h e i r c h i l d r e n
in order tod e t e r m i n e t h e r e a s o n s w h y t h a t j o i n f r a t e r n i t i e
s a n d sororities?I.
EXAMPLES OF ESSAY QUESTION BASED IN BLOOM’S TAXANOMY
OF COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES.
A.KNOWLEDGE
•Explain why Egypt came to be called the gift of the Nile.
A.COMPREHENSION
•What is meant when a person says, “I had just crossed thebridge?
A . A P P L I C AT I O N
•G i v e a t l e a s t t h r e e e x a m p l e s o f h o w t h e l a w o f s u p p l y
perates in our economy today?